英语四六级考试译文笔记 第59篇

英语作文写作及翻译老师笔记（四六级考试）
1.数十年来，政府一直在尝试减少富人和穷人之间的差距，提升社会阶层的流动性。

For decades, the government has been trying to bridge the gulf between（1.减少……之间的差距）the haves and the have-nots（2.富人和穷人）in an attempt to improve social mobility（3.提升社会阶层的流动性）.
1- bridge the gulf between…and…
减少……之间的差距
词典释义：
bridge
BRING TOGETHER桥梁
■to make the difference or division between two things smaller or less severe 减小…之间的差异
•We must bridge the gap between labour and management.我们必须消除劳资双方的鸿沟。

gulf
DIFFERENCE不同
countable usually singular
■an important difference between the ideas, opinions, or situations of two groups of people 不可逾越的鸿沟；巨大的差距；隔阂
•There is a widening gulf between the middle classes and the poorest sections of society.中产阶级和社会最贫困阶层之间的贫富差距在日益加大。

•It is hoped that the peace plan will bridge the gulf (= reduce the very large difference) between the government and the rebels.人们希望和平计划能够缩小政府和叛乱分子之间的分歧。

外刊例句：
In an attempt to bridge the gulf between public and private health care, the government has proposed introducing a national
health-insurance scheme.（）
政府尝试缩窄公共医疗和私人医疗的差距，于是提议开展全国医疗保险计划。

替换表达：bridge/reduce/close/narrow the gap between…and…
学生错误表达：Narrow the distance between…and…
点评：distance是指“（两个人之间的）疏远”，例如：There was still a distance between me and my father.我和父亲之间仍然有些疏远。

不可以用distance 来指富人和穷人之间的差距。

2-富人和穷人the haves and the have-nots
词典释义：
the haves and have-nots
■the people who are not poor and the people who are poor 富人和穷人
•The government's change of policy is intended to reduce the gap
between the haves and have-nots in our society.政府改变政策，目的是缩小我们社会中富人与穷人的差距。

外刊例句：
While around $900m [£585m] are redistributed to the teams every year, the system keeps giving too much to the haves and too little
to the have-nots.（）
这些球队每年都可以重新分配得约9亿美元，在此制度影响下，富裕的球队更富，贫困的球队更穷。

替换表达：(the) rich and (the) poor
3-提升社会阶层的流动性improve social mobility
词典释义：
mobility
UK[məʊ'bɪl.ɪ.ti] US[moʊ'bɪl.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable slightly formal
■the ability to move freely or be easily moved 活动性，流动性
•Some neck injuries cause total loss of mobility below the point of injury.某些颈部损伤会导致受伤部位以下肢体完全丧失活动能力。

•I prefer the mobility of a hand-held camera.我更喜欢手提摄像机的灵
活性。

social mobility UK US noun[uncountable]
the ability to move easily from a lower social class to a higher one
外刊例句：
And the evidence suggests that both policies will probably fail
to improve social mobility.（）
而且此证据指出：这两种政策都难以改善社会阶级流动性。

替换表达：enhance/increase social mobility
学生错误表达：
（1）Social fluidity
点评：social fluidity是指“社会的不稳定性”，不能用来社会阶层的流动性。

（2）Social liquidity
点评：liquidity是指资产的流动性，例如：The company maintains a high degree of liquidity. 公司保持着很高的资产折现度。

2.
在政治骚乱爆发的动荡时期，当地政府不得不采取紧急措施安抚公众。

In turbulent times （1.在动荡时期）when political riots （2.政治骚乱）erupted, the national government had to take emergency measures to appease the public（3.安抚公众）.
1-在动荡时期In turbulent times
词典释义：
turbulent
UK['tɜ:.bjʊ.lənt] US['tɝ:.bjə-] adjective
SITUATION/TIME情况／时间
■involving a lot of sudden changes, arguments or violence 骚乱的，骚动的；动荡的，混乱的
•a turbulent marriage吵吵闹闹的婚姻
•This has been a turbulent week for the government.对政府来讲，这是动荡多事的一周。

time
HISTORICAL PERIOD历史时期
countable(also times)
■a period in history 历史时期；时代
•Charles Dickens' novel "A Tale of Two Cities" is set at
the time of the French Revolution.查理斯‧狄更斯的小说《双城记》是以法国大革命时期为背景的。

•In/During medieval times, women thought to be witches were burnt at the stake.中世纪时期，人们把被认为是女巫的女人在火刑柱上烧死。

•In times gone by, all crops were harvested by hand.在过去的时代，所有农作物都是人手收割。

•Times were hard (= The conditions of life were uncomfortable) when I was a boy.我小时候日子很艰难。

•He is widely regarded as one of the best writers
of modern/our times(= the present or very recent past).人们普遍认为他是现代／我们这个时代最优秀的作家之一。

•I never thought it would happen in my time (= before I died).我怎么也想不到这会在我有生之年发生。

•We sat and talked about old times(= things that had happened to us in the past.)我们坐下来谈论往事。

外刊例句：
It aims to inspire a diverse, global commentary on our turbulent times, interrogating the ways in which design affects every aspect of our lives, and influences our feelings and
experiences. （）
它志在鼓励我们去多元化且国际化地描绘此动荡时代，探寻设计是如何影响我们生活的各个方面，和影响我们的情感与经历的。

替换表达：yeasty days/tumultuous times
学生错误表达：During the turbulent times
点评：times在这里是泛指，不能加the，这里要改为during turbulent times 2-政治骚乱political riots
词典释义：
riot
['raɪ.ət] noun
countable
■a noisy, violent, and uncontrolled public meeting 暴乱；骚乱；聚众闹事
•Inner-city riots erupted when a local man was shot by police.在市中心的贫民区，由于一名当地男子被员警开枪打死而突然引发了暴乱。

外刊例句：
The animosity between Mrs Hasina's Bangladesh Nationalist party and Mrs Zia's Awami League is such that dozens died in political riots last year.（）
海撒尼的孟加拉国家党和梓亚的世俗联盟极度仇恨对方，单去年的政治暴乱就有数十人因此而丧生。

替换表达：political turmoil/tumult/unrest
学生错误表达：Political sedition
点评：sedition是指“煽动反政府的言论（或文章、行为）”，例如：Government officials charged him with sedition. 政府官员指控他煽动人们造反。

sedition
用来这里不妥。

3-安抚公众appease the public
词典释义：
appease
[ə'pi:z] formal disapproving
verb transitive
■to prevent further disagreement in arguments or war by giving to the other side an advantage that they have demanded 平息；抚慰；绥靖；姑息
•She claimed that the government had only changed the law in order to appease their critics.她称政府修改法律仅仅是为了安抚那些批评政府的人。

the public
■all ordinary people 公众，大众
•The public has a right to know about this.大众有权知道这件事。

•The palace and its grounds are open to the public (= people can visit) during the summer months.在夏天的几个月里，这座宫殿及其庭院向大众开放。

•When will the product be available to the general public (= all ordinary people) ?普通大众甚么时候能买到这种产品？
•Members of the public were asked about their shopping habits.一些民众被问到他们的购物习惯。

外刊例句：
Even Oliver Letwin, one of austerity’s key architects and a devout Thatcherite, says ministers must consider tax rises and loosen public spending to appease the public mood. （）
奥利弗是紧缩政策的主要策划者，而且是坚定的撒切尔主义者，但连他都说，各部长必须考虑提高税收、加大公共服务投入，从而安抚大众情绪。

替换表达：pacify/reassure the public
3.
政府不能被短期利益所蒙蔽，而要把大众的长远福利放在首位。

The government should put a high priority on （1.将……放在首位）people’s long-term welfare, rather than being blinded by（2.被……蒙蔽）short-term interests（3.短期利益）.
1-将……放在首位put a high priority on
词典释义：
priority
UK[praɪ'ɒr.ɪ.ti] US[-'ɔ:r.ə.tˌi] noun countable or uncountabl e
■something that is very important and must be dealt with before other things 优先考虑的事
•The management did not seem to consider office safety to be
a priority.管理部门似乎并不认为应该优先考虑办公室安全问题。

•My first/top priority is to find somewhere to live.我首先要考虑的是找个地方住。

•You have to learn to get your priorities right/straight (= decide which are the most important jobs or problems and deal with them first).你必须学会先处理最重要的事。

•Mending the lights is a priority task (= more important than other jobs).修灯这个任务更重要。

•Banks normally give priority to large businesses when deciding on loans (= They deal with them first because they consider them most important).银行在发放贷款时通常优先考虑大企业。

•Official business requirements
obviously take/have priority over personal requests (=
Official business matters will be dealt with first).公事显然应该置于私事之前。

外刊例句：
And in truth few German politicians (except those in the European Parliament) put a high priority on a push for European
federalism. （）
事实上，甚少德国政治家（除了那些在欧盟议会任职的）会把推进欧洲联邦制视为首要任务。

替换表达：put something first
2-被……蒙蔽being blinded by
词典释义：
blind
[blaɪnd] verb transitive
NOT CONSCIOUS盲目
■to make someone unable to notice or understand something 蒙蔽；使无辨别力
•We mustn't let our prejudices blind us to the facts of the situation.我们一定不能让偏见蒙蔽自己而看不清实际形势。

外刊例句：
Blinded by short-term interests, western governments insist on seeing things in the region as they want, not as they
are. （）
西方政府受短期利益所蒙蔽，坚持把该区域看得和理想中的一样，却不能看到其真实情况。

学生错误表达：
（1）be covered by
点评：cover是指“遮盖；掩护”，不可以用来指“被……蒙蔽”。

（2）be deceived by
点评：be deceived by是指“被……欺骗”，例如：He had been deceived by a young man claiming to be the son of a millionaire.他被一个自称是百万富翁儿子的年轻人骗了。

它与be blinded by（被……蒙蔽）不同。

3-短期利益short-term interests
词典释义：
short-term
UK[ˌʃɔ:t'tɜ:m] US['ʃɔ:rt.tɝ:m] adjective
■lasting a short time 持续时间短的，暂时的
•short-term memory短期记忆
■relating to a short period of time 短期的；近期的
•a short-term weather forecast近期天气预报
interest
UK['ɪn.trəst] US[-trɪst] noun
ADVANTAGE好处
countable usually plural uncountable
■something that brings advantages to or affects someone or something 利益，好处
•A union looks after the interests of its members.工会关心其会员的利益。

•It's in his interests to keep careful records.仔细做好纪录对他
有好处。

•In the interests of safety, please do not smoke.为了安全起见，请不要吸烟。

•Despite what you think, I'm only acting in your best interests(= doing what is best for you).不管你怎样想，我这样做完全是为你着想。

外刊例句：
For tragedies of the commons to be averted, rules and institutions are needed to balance the short-term interests of individuals against the long-term interests of all users. （）
为了这些普遍的悲剧，制度和机制需要让个人的短期利益和所有使用者的长期利益平衡起来。

替换表达：short-term benefits
学生错误表达：short-term interests
点评：当interests表示“利益”时应该使用复数形式，例如：The regulations were introduced in order to safeguard the interests of local fishing communities. 这些规章的实施是为了保护当地渔民社区的利益。

4.
学校教育系统的质量与未来劳动力的竞争力成正比。

因此，如果一个国家将税收预算投入到兴建学校里面，它能够长期从这些熟练的劳动力中获益。

The quality of the schooling system is proportional to（1.与……成正比）the competence of the future workforce. Therefore, a country can benefit from such skillful （2.熟练的）human resources in the long term if they invest the tax budget（3.税收预算）to build schools.
1-与……成正比(be) proportional to
be proportional to意为“与……成比例”，一般指的就是正比例；如果要表达反比例，可以用be inversely proportional to。

词典释义：
proportional●○○○○
1.ADJ 形容词与…成比例的If one amount is proportional
to another, the two amounts increase and decrease at the same rate so there is always the same relationship between them.
•Loss of weight is directly proportional to the rate at which the disease is progressing.体重的下降与病情发展的速度成正比。

•...a proportional fee based on the final sale price.与最后销售价格成比例的费用
外刊例句：
Retribution should be proportional to the crime. But so should reward be proportional to our extra effort. （）
惩罚程度该与犯罪成正比，不过奖励也该与我们付出的额外努力成正比。

替换表达：have a positive correlation with / be in proportion to
学生错误表达：In direct ratio with
点评：ratio是指两个数之间的比率，例如：The ratio of nursing staff to doctors is 2:1.护理人员与医生的比例为2 比1 。

in direct ratio with可以改为be proportional to
2-熟练的skillful
词典释义：
skilful
UK(ALSO US skillful) ['skɪl.fəl]adjective
■good at doing something, especially because you have practised doing it 娴熟的，熟练的
•Police officers have to be skilful drivers.员警必须能熟练驾驶车辆。

■done or made very well 出色的
•a skilful piece of playing on the clarinet出色的单簧管演奏
外刊例句：
Alongside Ireland's Katie Taylor, the four-times world champion whose travelling supporters have made the Excel shake, the women have silenced doubters with convincing displays of skillful and entertaining boxing. （）
来自爱尔兰的凯蒂·泰勒乃四届世界拳击冠军，其远渡而来的支持者发出了铺天盖地的呐喊声，而与她同台的另一位女子拳击手则已经以精湛且迷人的拳击技巧折服过其质疑者。

替换表达：highly skilled workforce
学生错误表达：Mature workers
点评：mature是指“成熟”，它与skillful（熟练的）意思有所不同。

3-税收预算the tax budget
词典释义：
budget
['bʌdʒ.ɪt] noun
countable or uncountable
■a plan to show how much money a person or organization will earn and how much they will need or be able to spend 预算
•The firm has drawn up a budget for the coming financial year.公司草拟了下一财政年度的预算方案。

•Libraries are finding it increasingly difficult to
remain within (their) budget.图书馆感到想把支出维持在预算之内越来越难。

外刊例句：
The chancellor, still dogged by the "omnishambles" that wrecked last year's "pasty tax" budget, has let it be known he will stick broadly with his austerity programme and especially the welfare cuts scheduled to take effect this year. （）
对于损害了去年“馅饼税”预算的糟糕局面，这位财政大臣并不后悔，而且他已经让大众明白，他将进一步坚持其经济紧缩政策，尤其是那预计于今年生效的福利削减政策。