翻译硕士英语翻译基础英汉互译专项强化真题试卷9(题后含答案及解析)

翻译硕士英语翻译基础英汉互译专项强化真题试卷9(题后含答案及
解析)
题型有：1.
1．Sigmund Freud has been out of the scientific mainstream for so long, it’s easy to forget that in the early 20th century he was regarded as a towering man of science—not, as he is remembered today, as the founder of the marginalized form of therapy known as psychoanalysis. At the start of his career, he wanted to invent a “science of the mind” , but the Victorian tools he had were too blunt for the task. So he dropped the “science”part and had his patients lie on a couch, free-associating about childhood, dreams and fantasies. This technique yielded the revolutionary notion that the human mind was a soap opera of concealed lust and aggression, of dark motives, self-deception and dreams rife with hidden meaning.
正确答案：西格蒙德.弗洛伊德脱离主流科学的时间已经太久了，所以我们很容易忘记，在20世纪初，人们曾把他奉为科学界的翘楚——而不像如今，大家只记得他创立的渐受冷落的心理分析疗法。

从业之初，弗洛伊德希望创建一种“意识的科学”，但他所掌握的维多利亚时代的科学手段太过生硬，所以无法完成这样一项任务。

因此，弗洛伊德放弃了“科学”，让他的患者躺在沙发上，围绕童年、梦境和臆想展开无拘无束的交流。

这种疗法引出了一种革命性的观点，即：人的意识就是一部肥皂剧，既充斥着暗藏的欲望、敌对的心理，又充斥着邪恶的动机、自我欺骗和充满隐含意义的梦。

解析：本文选自美国学者Fred Guteri在Newsweek上发表的名为What Freud Got Right的文章。

文章在一定程度上从科学的角度肯定了弗洛伊德的精神分析理论，其中涉及相关的心理学专业词汇，考生在备考翻译硕士时，应广泛阅读，选择各个学科领域的经典材料进行翻译练习。

2．The manufacture of plastics requires a large quantity of heavy machines as well as knowledge of science. Today the greater part of plastics is manufactured by the world’s great oil refineries and chemical works. Chemical works are factories which produce chemicals—a manmade liquids, gases and solid materials. The refineries and chemical works produce many different kinds of raw plastics, which are then taken to the tens of thousands of factories which made plastic products. Machines for making plastic objects are very different from those used for manufacturing articles of wood or metal or other natural materials. For raw plastics must first be softened by heat and then pressed into moulds. It is the moulds which give plastic objects their shapes. These moulds can be of any shape or size. And the same mould can be used over and over again. In fact one mould can produce many thousands of articles before it wears out. This is one of the reasons why plastic things are so cheap.
正确答案：生产塑料需要大量的有关重机器以及科学方面的知识。

如今，较大部分的塑料都是由世界上大的炼油厂以及化工厂生产。

化工厂指的是生产化学制剂(人工液体、气体以及固体物质)的工厂。

炼油厂、化工厂生产各种各样的原塑料，然后这些原塑料被送往数以万计的工厂去生产塑料制品。

生产塑料制品的机器与那些生产木制的、金属的或其他天然材料的产品的机器截然不同。

原因是原塑料必须先经过高温软化，然后再挤压成模具。

就是这些模具使得塑料制品有了形状。

这些模具的形状、大小各异，并且同样的模具可以反复使用。

事实上，一个模具在它破损之前可以生产出成千上万件物品，这就是为什么塑料制品如此便宜的原因之一。

3．At the beginning of the World Series (世界职业棒球大赛)of 1947,I experienced a completely new e-motion, when the National Anthem was played. This time, I thought, it is being played for me, as much as for anyone else. This is organized major league baseball, and I am standing here with all the others; and everything that takes place includes me. About a year later, I went to Atlanta, Georgia, to play in an exhibition game. On the field, for the first time in Atlanta, there were Negroes and whites. Other Negroes, besides me. And I thought: What I have always believed has come to be. And what is it that I have always believed? First, that imperfections are human. But that wherever human-beings were given room to breathe and time to think, those imperfections would disappear, no matter how slowly.
I do not believe that we have found or even approached perfection. Handicaps, prejudices—all of these are imperfect. Yet, they have to be reckoned with because they are in the scheme of human events. Whatever obstacles I found made me fight all the harder. But it would have been impossible for me to fight that all, except that I was sustained by the personal and deep-rooted belief that my fight had a chance. It had a chance because it took place in a free society. Not once was I forced to face and fight an immovable object. Not once was the situation so cast-iron rigid that I had no chance at all. Free minds and human hearts were at work all around me; and so there was the probability of improvement. I look at my children now, and know that I must still prepare them to meet obstacles and prejudices.
正确答案：1947年的世界职业棒球大赛开赛那天，当美国国歌奏响的那一刻，我产生了一种全新的情感。

这一次，国歌是为我而奏，就像为其他人奏一样。

我终于能和其他人一样，站在职业棒球大联盟球赛的赛场上，成为这一切的一部分。

大约一年以后，我参加了在乔治亚州首府亚特兰大举办的一次棒球表演赛。

这是亚特兰大的赛场上第一次同时出现白人和黑人运动员。

除我之外，还有其他黑人选手。

那一刻，我一直坚守的信念终于实现了。

我一直坚守的信念是什么呢?首先，我知道人类不可避免会有缺陷。

但只要人类有一息尚存，只要人类还能思考，这些缺陷一定会逐渐消失，无论过程会多么漫长。

我并不认为我们已经到达或正在接近完美无缺的境界。

有些缺陷，例如残疾和偏见，在人类社会中都存在，也就需要我们勇敢地去面对。

我一路上遇到的阻碍都促使我更加努力地去抗争、去奋斗。

然而，如果不是我内心深处坚信我的奋斗有希望，我就根本无法坚持。

我的奋斗有希望，因为这是一个自由的社会。

在这里，我不
止一次遇到过无法逾越的障碍，也不止一次经历过令人绝望的境况。

但那时，思想与心灵的自由便能起作用，让我摆脱困境。

如今我看着自己的孩子们，我知道我仍需要他们准备面对困难与歧视。

4．The only solid pieces of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can’t think up, ever, and therefore there may well be limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.
正确答案：我唯一确信的科学事实是，我们对大自然一无所知。

事实上，我认为这是过去百年生物学的重大发现。

客观来说，这是一条具有启发性的新闻。

我们对1 8世纪启蒙运动的伟大思想家说，我们对自然界知之甚少，对前景也十分茫然，他们定会深感震惊。

正是这种与无知领域的深度和广度的突然对抗，代表了20世纪科学对人类智力最重大的贡献。

在早期，我们要么假装了解事情是如何运作的，要么忽略了问题，要么只是编造故事来填补空白。

既然我们已经开始认真地探索了，我们就会发现这些问题有多大、答案还有多遥远。

但是我们正在开始，应该有一些满足感。

可能在这个世界上没有任何问题是我们无法解答的，只是看时间早晚，甚至包括意识的问题。

诚然，可能有一些问题是我们永久无法想到的，因为可能有人类智慧的限制，但这是另一回事。

在我们的能力范围内，我们应该能够找到自己的方法来得到答案，只要我们坚持足够长的时间，并且持续注意。

5．The first of our society is a gentleman of Worcestershire, of ancient descent, a baronet, his name Sir Roger de Coverley. His great-grandfather was inventor of that famous countrydance which is called after him. All who know that shire are very well acquainted with the parts and merits of Sir Roger. He is a gentleman that is very singular in his behaviour, but his singularities proceed from his good sense, and are contradictions to the manners of the world only as he thinks the world is wrong. However, this humor creates him no enemies, for he does nothing with sourness or obstinacy; and his being unconfined to modes and forms makes him but the readier and more capable to please and oblige all who know him. When he is in town, he
lives in Soho Square. It is said, he keeps himself a bachelor by reason he was crossed in love by a perverse beautiful widow of the next county to him. Before this disappointment, Sir Roger was what you call a fine gentleman, had often supped with my Lord Rochester and Sir George Etherege, fought a duel upon his first coming to town, and kicked bully Dawson in a public coffee-house for calling him youngster. But being ill-used by the above-mentioned widow, he was very serious for a year and a half; and though, his temper being naturally jovial, he at last got over it, he grew careless of himself, and never dressed afterward. He continues to wear a coat and doublet of the same cut that were in fashion at the time of repulse, which, in his merry humours, he tells us, has been in and out twelve times since he first wore it. It is said Sir Roger grew humble in his desires after he had forgot his cruel beauty, insomuch that it is reported he has frequently offended with beggars and gypsies; but this is looked upon, by his friends, rather as matter of raillery than truth. He is now in his fifty-sixth year, cheerful , gay and hearty; keeps a good house both in town and country; a great lover of mankind; but there is such a mirthful cast in his behaviour, that he is rather beloved than esteemed.
正确答案：我们协会首先要介绍的是来自伍斯特郡的一位绅士，古老男爵家族的克罗伊的罗杰爵士。

他的曾祖父发明了一种著名的乡村舞蹈，并以自己的名字命名，这就是克里维的罗杰爵士舞。

凡是熟悉那一带地方的人都十分了解罗杰爵士的才干和建树。

罗杰爵士行为异于常人，但这是由于他见解通达，只有当他认为世界不公时，才会背世道而行事。

然而，这种幽默并没有使他树敌，这是因为罗杰爵士从不满腹牢骚或固执己见，这种不拘泥于条条框框的行事风格反尔更容易使了解他的人喜欢并追随他。

罗杰爵士在镇子里的时候，居住在索霍广场。

他一生未娶，据说是因为曾经爱上邻镇一个漂亮却邪恶的寡妇。

在那次情场失意之前，罗杰爵士是人们眼中标准的好绅士，他同罗彻斯特伯爵和乔治·艾塞利基爵士共进晚餐，在第一次进城时参与决斗，还在公共咖啡厅收拾过喊他“小毛孩”的恶人道森。

可是，自从被前面提到的寡妇利用后，整整一年半的时间，罗杰都情绪低沉，尽管天性开朗的他最终放下了这段感情，但自此之后，他变得得过且过，不修边幅。

罗杰还开心的打趣说，他当时穿的紧身内衣加外套非常时尚，而自他穿上那天起到现在，这种搭配已经在时尚界起起落落了十二次了。

据说，罗杰爵士放下了那个残忍的美丽寡妇之后，变得无欲无求，也有人说罗杰爵士经常会冒犯乞丐和吉普赛人，不过朋友们都认为这是善意的玩笑，并非属实。

罗杰爵士今年五十六岁，是一个轻松、快乐、健壮的老人，在镇上和乡下都有很好的房子，他的一举一动仿佛都能给人带来欢笑，与其说尊重，倒不如说我们爱戴这位老人。

6．Every year, tens of millions of animals are dissected, infected, injected, gassed, burned and blinded in hidden laboratories on college campus and research facilities throughout the U. S. Still more animals are used to test the safety of cosmetics, household cleansers and other consumer products. These innocent primates, dogs, cats, rabbits and other animals are used against their will as research subjects in experiments and procedures that would be considered sadistically cruel were they not conducted in the name of science. Researchers claim that they must be allowed
unfettered access to animals for experiments in order to finds cures for human diseases, yet they refuse to address the serious ethical problems of torturing sentient creatures for research purposes. On top of that, over-reliance on animal experimentation has historically hindered scientific advancement and endangered human safety because results from animal research typically cannot be applied to humans. In fact, scientist could save more human lives by using humane non- animal research and testing methods that are more accurate and efficient.
正确答案：在美国每年都有成千上万的动物在大学校园和研究机构秘密实验室里遭遇解剖，感染，注射，毒气，烧伤和失明。

还有更多的动物被用来测试化妆品，家用清洁剂和其他消费产品的安全性。

这些无辜的灵长类动物，狗啊，猫啊，老鼠啊等，有违他们的意愿被用作实验和项目的研究对象，而这些实验和项目，假如不是借用科学的名义，又是多么的扭曲和残忍。

研究人员声称，为了发现治疗人类疾病的方法，他们必须被允许自由地利用动物进行实验，他们拒绝讨论为了研究目的而折磨有感觉的动物这一严重的道德问题。

最重要的是，过度依靠动物实验从历史上来说已经阻碍了科学的进步，威胁了人类的安全，因为从专门通过动物研究而得到的成果并不能适应人类。

事实上，科学家通过使用人道的非动物研究和更准确有效的测试方法能挽救更多人的性命。

7．Athens and Sparta were both Greek cities and their people spoke a common language. In every other respect they were different. Athens rose high from the plain. It was a city exposed to the fresh breezes from the sea, willing to look at the world with the eyes of a happy child. Sparta, on the other hand, was built at the bottom of a deep valley, and used the surrounding mountains as a barrier against foreign thought. Athens was a city of busy trade. Sparta was an armed camp where people were soldiers for the sake of being soldiers. The people of Athens loved to sit in the sun and discuss poetry or listen to the wise words of a philosopher. The Spartans, on the other hand, never wrote a single line that was considered literature, but they knew how to fight, they liked to fight, and they sacrificed all human emotions to their ideal of military preparedness. No wonder that these somber Spartans viewed the success of Athens with malicious hate. The energy which the defense of the common home had developed in Athens was now used for purposes of a more peaceful nature. The Acropolis was rebuilt and was made into a marble shrine to the Goddess Athena. Pericles, the leader of the Athenian democracy, sent far and wide to find famous sculptors and painters and scientists to make the city more beautiful and the young Athenians more worthy of their home. At the same time he kept a watchful eye on Sparta and built high walls which connected Athens with the sea and made her the strongest fortress of that day. An insignificant quarrel between two little Greek cities led to the final conflict. For thirty years the war between Athens and Sparta continued. It ended in a terrible disaster for Athens. During the third year of the war the plague had entered the city. More than half of the people and Pericles, the great leader, had been killed. The plague was followed by a period of bad and untrustworthy leadership. A brilliant young fellow by the name of Alcibiades had gained the favor of the popular assembly. He suggested a raid upon the
Spartan colony of Syracuse in Sicily. An expedition was equipped and everything was ready.
正确答案：雅典和斯巴达同属希腊城邦，它们的人民讲同一种语言，但在其他方面，两个城市则毫无共同点。

雅典高高地矗立在平原之上，享受着徐徐而来的清新海风。

雅典的人民习惯用孩子般热切好奇的目光，打量这个惬意的世界；而斯巴达则坐落在峡谷的底部，高耸的群山环绕四周，成为阻挡外来思想的天然屏障。

雅典是生意繁忙的贸易之邦；斯巴达却是一座大兵营，人人厉兵秣马，公民的理想都是成为一名优秀的士兵。

雅典人喜欢坐在温暖和煦的阳光下，谈论诗歌或聆听哲人智慧的言辞；斯巴达人正好相反，他们从不写下任何一行与文学有关的东西，却熟谙战斗的技巧。

事实上，他们喜欢战斗，为了军事理想，他们宁愿牺牲人类的所有情感。

难怪这些严肃的斯巴达人会对雅典的成功报以满腔的恶意与仇恨。

雅典人将保卫共同家园所焕发的精力，现在用于和平建设的目标。

他们重建了雅典卫城，将其作为祭祀雅典女神的大理石神殿。

雅典民主制度的伟大领袖伯里克利派人四处邀请著名的雕塑家、画家和科学家，请他们到雅典工作，让雅典变得更美好，让雅典的年轻一代更有才德，更配得上他们的家乡。

与此同时，伯里克利还时刻警惕着斯巴达的动向，他修筑了连接雅典与海洋的高大城池，使雅典成为当时防卫最坚固的堡垒。

一件小小的争执引发了两个希腊城邦间的冲突。

双方兵戎相见、刀戈相向，战火一直持续了30年。

最终以雅典遭受灾难性的失败而告终。

在战争发生的第三年，一场可怕的瘟疫突袭了雅典。

雅典的半数人口死于这场灾难。

更为可悲的是，他们英明睿智的领袖伯里克利也被瘟疫夺去生命。

瘟疫过后的一段时期里，雅典的领导者无能且不可靠，后来一位名叫阿尔西比阿德的年轻人大有作为，赢得了公民大会的支持。

他建议对西西里岛上的斯巴达殖民地锡拉库扎进行一次远征。

这一计划在阿尔西比阿德的指挥下有条不紊地进行着，一切就绪。

8．World food prices are pushing higher—the United Nations overall food index shows a 28. 3% annual increase, with cereals up 44. 1%—sparking concerns that a new food crisis may be emerging, just three years after the last one. Does this mean the world is running out of food?The quick answer is that the world does seem to be running low on cheap food. This supply shortage stems from the failure of governments and donors over nearly three decades to fund the basic agricultural research, investments in rural infrastructure, and training for smallholder farmers necessary to push out the productivity frontier.Until recently, world food crises have been relatively rare events—occurring about three times a century. The food crisis of 2007 ~2008, although scary at the time, was relatively mild by comparison. Prices for wheat, rice and maize—the staple foods that provide well over half the world population’s energy intake directly and a good deal more indirectly via livestock products—rose 96. 7% between 2006 and 2008, not approaching the spikes in the mid-1970s when corrected for inflation. Yet here we are just a few years later, talking about food prices again.
正确答案：世界粮食价格正在逐步走高——美国综合粮食指数年均增长28．3％，谷物价格上涨了44．1％，这种情况引发了人们对新一轮粮食危机的
担忧，毕竟最近一次粮食危机刚刚过去三年。

这是否意味着世界上的粮食将要消耗殆尽? 要立即作答的话就是世界廉价的粮食正在变得越来越少。

在过去三十多年中，政府部门以及捐助者为基础农业研究提供资金支持，在农村基础设施上进行投资，对小农户的农民开展培训以提高劳动生产率，但都一事无成，从而导致了廉价粮食的供应短缺。

一直到最近，世界粮食危机一百年之内只发生了三次，相对来讲，也算是小概率事件了。

2007年到2008年发生粮食危机时人心惶惶，但相对来说，程度不是很严重。

小麦、大米以及玉米这些主食为世界上超过一半的人口直接提供摄人能量，还有很大一部分通过畜产品间接为人们提供能量。

在2007年到2008年期间，这些主食的价格上涨了96．7％，不过还没有接近20世纪70年代中期应对通货膨胀时的峰值。

然而距离最近一次粮食危机还没几年，我们又开始谈论粮食价格了。

9．Hard work and perseverance will always be ingredients for success, but higher inequality has sharply tilted the landscape and made having successful parents, if not essential, certainly a central part of the recipe. American children raised at the top, and at the bottom, are more likely to land on the same rung of the income ladder as their fathers than their Canadian counterparts. More than one-quarter of sons raised by fathers in the top 10 percent stay in the top 10 percent as adults, and another quarter fall no further than the top third. Meanwhile, half of those raised by fathers in the bottom 10 percent remain at the bottom or rise no further than the bottom third. In Canada there is less stickiness at the top, and children raised in the bottom are more likely to rise to the top half in earnings.
正确答案：勤奋和毅力始终是成功的要素，但愈加严重的不平等现象令情况发生了改变，如今拥有成功的父母即便并非不可或缺，也一定是成功的核心因素。

与加拿大的孩子相比，来自美国最高和最低收入家庭的孩子长大后更有可能跟他们的父亲一样留在原来的阶层。

如果父亲的收入位居最高的10％，他抚养的孩子中超过四分之一长大后仍然位于前10％，另外的四分之一不会跌出前三分之一。

而如果父亲的收入在最低的10％，他抚养的孩子有一半长大后收入依然在底层，即便收入增加，他们也不会超出最低的三分之一。

在加拿大，收入顶层的黏滞性较弱，底层家庭抚养的孩子的收入更有可能升至中游水平以上。

10．On one of those sober and rather melancholy days, in the latter part of autumn, when the shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together and throw a gloom over the decline of the year, I passed several hours in rambling about Westminster Abbey. There was something in the mournful magnificence of the old pile congenial to the season; and, as I passed its threshold, it seemed like stepping back into the regions of antiquity, and losing myself among the shades of former ages.
I entered from the inner court of Westminster School, through a long, low, vaulted passage, that has an almost subterranean look, being dimly lighted in one part by circular perforations in the massive walls. Through this dark avenue I had a distant view of the cloisters, with the figure of an old verger, in his black gown, moving along their shadowy vaults, and seeming like a specter from one of the neighboring tombs. The approach of the abbey through these gloomy monastic remains prepares
the mind for its solemn contemplation.
正确答案：时方晚秋，气象肃穆，略带忧郁，早晨的阴影和黄昏的阴影，几乎连接在一起，不可分别，岁云将暮，终日昏暗，我就在这么一天，到西敏大寺去信步走了几个钟头。

古寺巍巍，森森然似有鬼气，和阴沉沉的季候正好相符；我跨进大门，觉得自己好像已经置身远古世界，忘形于昔日的憧憧鬼影之中了。

我是从西敏学校的内庭走进去的，先走过一条弧顶的矮矮的长廊，墙壁很厚，墙上有圆孔，略有光线透入，廊中幽暗，幽幽然似在地下行走。

黑廊尽头，我远远地看见大寺里的回廊，一个老年香火道人，身穿黑袍，正沿着拱廊在阴影里踽踽走去，看起来就像从附近的古坟里爬出来的鬼魂。

我从当年僧院遗址那条路进入古寺，景象分外凄凉，我心也更适宜于往凄凉方面冥想了。