初三英语总复习 特殊疑问句 反意疑问句 一般过去时
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初三英语总复习特殊疑问句反意疑问句一般过去时
一. 本周教学内容:初三英语总复习(Ⅱ)
第一部分:特殊疑问句
一、用疑问词引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。
结构:特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句?
(一般疑问句结构:助动词/ 系动词/ 情态动词+ 主语+ 谓语+ 其他?)
注意:
1. 回答特殊疑问句时不能用Yes 或No。
2. 句子用降调。
3. 疑问词做主语或主语的定语时, 如who, whose等, 句子的语序与陈述句相同。
二、关于疑问词
1. 疑问代词:
what (什么)
who (谁)
which (哪一个)
whose (谁的)
2. 疑问副词:
when (什么时候,问时间)
what time (几点,问具体时刻)
why (为什么,问原因)
where(什么地方,问地点)
how(怎么样,问方式或程度)
how many (多少,可数名词)
how much(价格; 多少,不可数名词)
how old (多大岁数)
how tall (多高,指人或树等)
how long (多久,指时间)
how often (多久一次,指频率)
how soon(多快,指时间)
how far (多远,指距离)
how high (多高,指山等)
3. 疑问形容词:What/ Which/ Whose + 名词
三、关于what的用法
1. What is in your pocket? There is a pencil in it. / A pencil is in it. (对主语提问)
2. What did you buy yesterday? I bought a scarf for my mother. (对宾语提问)
3. What is your mother? She is a nurse. (对表语提问)
4. What day is today? Today is Monday. (what 修饰day)
5. What sports do you like? I like basketball. (what 修饰sports)
6. What is Amy like? She is outgoing.
7. What does your father look like? He is very tall and strong.
8. What about doing sth ?
四、关于how的用法
1. How do you go to school? I go to school by bus. (对方式提问)
2. How did you eat it? I ate with a spoon. (对方式提问)
3. How is the weather today? (= What is the weather like today?)(对天气提问)
It’s wet. (It’s cloudy.)
4. How are you? I’m fine/ well. (对身体情况提问)
5. How do you like pop music? (= What do you think of pop music?)(对程度提问)
I like it very much.
6. How do you feel about that movie? It makes me sad. (对程度提问)
五、关于how often, how long, how soon 的区别
1. 对在句子中作状语用的always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, now and then, every day, every other week, once a month, every two years, three times an hour等表示频度的副词和词组提问时,要用how often. 如:He goes to the movie once a week.--→ How often does he go to the movie?
2. 对表示时间持续的状语提问时要用how long。
如:
He had to work for the landlord from morning till night.---→
How long did he have to work for the landlord?
It took the Egyptian slaves twenty years to build the Great Pyramid.---→
How long did it take the Egyptian slaves to build the Great Pyramid?
3. 对表示“要过多久以后”,“要到什么时候”等意义的时间状语提问,常用how soon.
如:The magic cloth would be ready in ten days.----→
How soon would the magic cloth be ready?
注意:(1)需要用how soon提问的句子,其谓语通常含有can, will ,would, be going to 等。
谓语动词常见的有get, finish, leave, come(be)back, be ready 等。
(2)对He’ll be back in an hour. 提问有两种问法:
A. When will he be back? (侧重问时间点,何时返回)
B. How soon will he be back?(侧重问时间长度,要过多久返回)
课堂练习:
一、单项选择
1. --- ______ is your father? He is a bus driver.
A. Who
B. Which
C. That B. What
2. “_______have you been t o Nanjing?”“Twice”
A. How long
B. How many times
C. When
D. Since when
3. _____and _____are we going to meet our friends?
At half past eight in our school.
A. What, where
B. When, how
C. Who, where
D. When, where
4.__________does he go to exercise?
Twice a week, I think.
A. How long
B. How often
C. How soon
D. How much
5.________ will the meeting last?
A. How long
B. How often
C. How soon
D. How much
6. _____ moon cake is this? It’s mine.
A. What
B. Who
C. Who’s
D. Whose
7. How is your grandfather today? He is ______.
A. very good
B. nice
C. very well
D. very friendly
第二部分:反意疑问句
在陈述句之后加上一个意思与之相反的简短问句,这种句子叫反意疑问句。
注意:1. 前后两部分意思必须相反,即前肯后否,或前否后肯。
2. 两部分之间用“,”隔开。
3. 后半部分必须用缩写形式,同时必须用人称代词代替原来的主语。
4. 前半部分用降调,后半部分表示疑问时用升调,表示强调时用降调。
如:1. That was a wonderful night, wasn’t it? (be动词的反意疑问句)
2. Your sister helped him, didn’t she ?(实义动词反意疑问句)
3. Tom can swim, can’t he? (情态动词的反意疑问句)
4. Lucy has lived here for many years, hasn’t she?(完成时的反意疑问句)
5. Your classmates didn’t have a good time last summer, did they?
(前否后肯的反意疑问句,其回答需要注意,一要前后一致,不能前后矛盾;二是要根据事实情况作答,不要承接问话人的口气。
这一点上, 中英文差异很大。
)
Yes, they did.(不,他们过得很好。
)
No, they didn’t.(是的,他们过得不好。
)
二、其他类型的反意疑问句
1. 祈使句的反意疑问句, 一般在句后加will you?
如:Speak louder, will you ?
2. 在let’s祈使句后加上shall we? 在let us(her, him…)祈使句后加上will you?
如:Let’s have a cup of tea, shall we? (let’s 中的us包括听者在内,所以用shall we?)
Let us go to a movie, will you?(让我们看电影,您说行吗? us不包括听者在内)
3. 陈述部分有表示否定意义的词, 如:never, seldom, hardly, few, little, nobody, no one, nothing, neither…疑问部分须用肯定式。
如:He never watches TV, does he? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t.
Very few people understand what he said, do they? Yes, they do./ No, they don’t.
4. 陈述部分如果有everything, nothing ……表示事物的词做主语时,疑问部分的主语用it,陈述部分如果有everyone, no one, someone……表示人的不定代词作主语时,疑问部分常用they (有时也用he )
如:Everything here is dirty, isn’t it?(这儿所有东西都脏,不是吗?)
Everybody knows the answer, don’t they?(任何一个人都知道答案,不是吗?)
5. 陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时,疑问部分中的动词和主语代词应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。
但是,如果陈述部分是“I don’t think(believe,…)+宾语从句”时,疑问部分中的动词和主语应和宾词从句中的动词和主语保持一致,并且要用肯定形式。
如:You told them he wouldn’t come didn’t you ?(你告诉他们,他不来了,是吗?)
He never said he was a good student, did he?(他从没说过他是个好学生,不是吗?)
I don’t think you are right, are you?(我认为你不对,不是吗?)
I don’t believe he studies harder, does he?(我想他不会努力学习的,会吗?)
第三部分:一般过去时
一、概念:表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
谓语动词:动词过去式
常用时间状语:yesterday,yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…),last night (week, month, year…),two days ago, a week ago, three years ago…in 1990, (in 1998…)
句式一:
肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其他。
否定句:主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他。
一般疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+其他?
特殊疑问句:疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?
句式二:
肯定句:主语+ was/ were + 表语。
否定句:主语+ wasn’t/ weren’t + 表语。
一般疑问句:Was/ Were + 主语+ 表语?
二、动词过去式的构成:
规则变化:
(1)一般在动词原形末尾加– ed look looked
(2)结尾是e 的动词加— d live lived
(3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加—ed stop stopped plan planned trip tripped
(4)结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变“y”为“i”再加—ed
study studied carry carried
不规则动词的过去式参看不规则动词表
三、用法:
(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
I got up at six thirty yesterday morning.
My father was at work yesterday afternoon.
(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
My father often went to work by bus last year.
When I was a child, I often listened to music.
(3)表示刚刚发生过的事情。
What did you say?
Who left the door open?
(4)在条件和时间状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
He would tell me about it if he got information.
She said she would start out as soon as the rain stopped.
课堂练习:句型转换:
He spent three hours writing the composition. (改为否定句)
Did they do their homework just now ? (改为肯定句)
I was cooking at this time yesterday . (对划线提问)
Were you sweeping the floor when the teacher came in ? (改为否定句)
It took him three hours to write the composition. (同义句)
The students talked about the film until their teacher came in. (同义句)
She was answering the telephone.
There was a loud knock at the door. (合并为复合句)
She used to go to school by bus, ________ ________.(反意疑问句)。