论十六大以来中国共产党和谐社会思想的形成与发展过程

社会和谐是我们党不解奋斗的目标。

十六大以来中国共产党和谐社会思想是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的新一届中央领导集体，基于新世纪新阶段新形势所遇到的新问题、新矛盾，从中国特色社会主义的伟大实践出发，将马克思主义同中国实际相结合的产物，是集体智慧的结晶。

它的形成与发展，不是一蹴而就、凝固不变的，而是在实践中萌芽，逐渐形成，并在新的形势得以继续发展。

它是一个不断完善、与时俱进的理论体系。

一、从党的十六大到2004年底，是十六大以来中国共产党和谐社会思想的萌芽时期
2002年11月，党的十六大报告在阐述全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标时，明确提出了“实现社会更加和谐”的要求，并将其列为全面建设小康社会的目标之一。

党的十六大报告先后六次提到“和谐”二字，例如“促进人与自然的和谐”、“努力形成全体人民各尽所能，各得其所，而又和谐相处的局面”、“巩固和发展民主团结、生动活泼、安定和谐的政治局面”、“完成改革和发展的繁重仟务，必须保持长期和谐稳定的社会环境”等。

这是“和谐”首次出现在党的纲领性文件中，“和谐”二字由此载入中国共产党的发展史册，这不仅是我党历史发展的里程碑，也是中国特色社会主义事业发展的里程碑。

2003年10月，党的十六届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》中提出，“坚持以人为本，树立全面、协调、可持续的发展观，促进经济社会和人的全面发展”，并全面论述了“五个统筹”的思想，即“统筹城乡发展、统筹区域发展、统筹经济社会发展、统筹人与自然和谐发展、统筹国内发展和对外开放”这是第一次在党的正式文件中完整地提出科学发展观，贯穿其中的重要思想，就是要求实现整个社会各个方面的和谐和实现“人与自然的和谐发展”。

《中共中央关于加强党的执政能力建设的决定》2004年9月，党的十六届四中全会召开，
首次完整提出“社会主义和谐社会”的概念，并将构建社会主义和谐社会正式列为中国共产党全面提高执政能力的五大能力之一，要求全党“不断提高构建社会主义和谐社会的能力”。

《决定》指出：“形成全体人民各尽其能，各得其所，而又和谐相处的社会，是巩固党执政的社会基础，实现党执政的历史任务的必然要求。

”同时，《决定》还强调要“适应我国社会的深刻变化，和谐社会建设摆在重要位置”。

此外，《决定》从五个方面对提高构建社会主义和谐社会的能力提出了要求，如“全面贯彻尊重劳动、尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创造的方针，不断增强全社会的创造活力”、“妥善协调各方面的利益关系，正确处理人民内部矛盾”等。

至此，十六大以来党的和谐社会思想以十六届四中全会《中共中央关于加强党的执政能力建设的决定》为标志正式提出。

二、从2005初到2007年初，十六大以来中国共产党和谐社会思想的形成时期
2005年2月，胡锦涛同志在省部级主要领导干部提高构建社会主义和谐社会能力专题研讨班上的重要讲话标志着十六大以来党的和谐社会思想的初步形成。

此次讲话，系统地阐述了构建社会主义和谐社会的重要背景、重大意义、科学内涵、基本特征、重要原则和主要任务，强调“我们所要建设的社会主义和谐社会，民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会”，并首次提出“四位一体”的中国特色社会主义事业的总体布局，提到“随着我国经济社会的不断发展，中国特色社会主义事业的总体布局，更加明确地由社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设三位一体发展为社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设四位一体。

”至此，党的和谐社会思想得到进一步丰满。

2005年10月，党的十六届五中全会把构建社会主义和谐社会确定为贯彻落实科学发展观必须抓好的一项重大任务，并提出了工作要求和政策措施。

同时，会议审议通过了《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议》，把“推进社会主义和谐社会建设”纳入“十一五”规划中，并把“促进社会和谐”确定为规划的重要任务。

贯穿“十一五”规划的基本思路是，“立足科学发展，着力自主创新，完善体制机制，促进社会和谐”。

这在制定五年计划的发展史上还是第一次，表明党中央十分重视社会主义和谐社会建设，党的和谐社会思想逐渐形成。

2006年10月，党的十六届六中全会审议并通过了《中共中央关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定》，这是构建社会主义和谐社会的纲领性文件。

该《决定》进一步提出，“社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性”，“社会和谐是我们党不懈奋斗的目标”，“构建社会主义和谐社会是一个不断化解社会矛盾的持续过程”，强调“我们要都建的社会主义和谐社会是一个，是在中国特色社会主义道路上，中国共产党领导全体人民共同建设、共同享有的和谐社会”，并且第一次明确提出要把我国建设成为“富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家”等等。

《决定》还全面论述了构建社会主义社会的重要性和紧迫性、指导思想、目标任务和原则、主要任务以及确保完成这些任务的重大举措和工作部署、党对构建社会主义和谐社会的领导等，它不仅表明我党对中国特色社会主义理论有了新的认识，而且科学地回答了“什么是社会主义和谐社会，怎样构建社会主义和谐社会”的重大问题，这也标志着十六大以来党的和谐社会思想的形成。

三、从2007年以来，十六大以来中国共产党和谐社会思想形成后又在新的形势和新的实践中得以继续发展
2007年10月，党的十七大将“社会和谐”与“科学发展”一起写入报告，作为“发展中国特色社会主义的基本要求”。

报告深刻阐明了科学发展与社会和谐内在统一的辩证关系，报告指出，“深入贯彻落实科学发展观，要求我们积极构建社会主义和谐社会”，“科学发展和社会和谐是内在统一的。

没有科学发展就没有社会和谐，没有社会和谐也难以实现科学发展。

构建社会主义和谐社会是贯穿中国特色社会主义事业全过程的长期历史任务，是在发展的基础上正确处理各种社会矛盾的历史过程和社会结果。

”同时，报告指出了构建社会主义和谐社会的重点是要加快推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设，报告对构建和谐社会中的教育、就业、收入分配、社保体系、医疗卫生和社会管理等方面进行详细论述，强调要形成一个全体人民“学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居”的和谐社会。

这是我们党从构建社会主义和谐社会的高度，从解决人民最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题出发，在以改善民生为重点的社会建设方面提出的目标和作出的承诺。

这也表明，加快推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设，成为十七大之后构建社会主义和谐社会的一个鲜明主题。

此外，报告还指出“和谐社会要靠全社会共同建设，要紧紧依靠人民，调动一切积极因素，努力形成社会和谐人人有责、和谐社会人人共享的生动局面”。

这些都是党对构建社会主义和谐社会新的阐释，表明党的和谐社会思想推向了一个新的发展阶段。

2008年2月，党的十七届二中全会对构建和谐社会中的正确处理人民内部矛盾进行了论述，强调“要着力促进社会和谐，妥善处理人民内部矛盾，积极化解各类社会矛盾，加强基层基础工作，确保社会大局稳定。

”这表明，党中央高度重视正确处理人民内部矛盾，以此促进社会主义和谐社会建设。

2010年10月，党的十七届五中全会审议并通过了《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会
发展第十二个五年规划的建议》，明确指出着力改善民生，建立健全基本公共服务体系，促进就业和构建和谐劳动关系，合理调整收入分配关系，健全覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系，加快医疗卫生事业改革发展，全面做好人口工作，加强和创新社会管理，切实维护社会和谐稳定。

“十二五”规划继党的十七大后，进一步明确把保障和改善民生作为构建社会主义和谐社会的突破口，表明了党的和谐社会思想扎扎实实地推上一个新的台阶。

2011年2月，胡锦涛同志在省部级主要领导干部社会管理及其创新专题研讨班上的发表重要讲话中，强调了加强和创新社会管理问题，提出要扎扎实实提高社会管理科学化水平，建设中国特色社会主义社会管理体系，以此推进社会主义和谐社会建设。

胡锦涛同志强调，要“紧紧围绕全面建设小康社会的总目标，牢牢把握最大限度激发社会活力、最大限度增加和谐因素、最大限度减少不和谐因素的总要求，以解决影响社会和谐稳定突出问题为突破口，提高社会管理科学化水平，完善党委领导、政府负责、社会协同、公众参与的社会管理格局，加强社会管理法律、体制、能力建设，维护人民群众权益，促进社会公平正义，保持社会良好秩序，建设中国特色社会主义社会管理体系，确保社会既充满活力又和谐稳定。

”这一论述，是我们党从加强和创新社会管理的视角出发，对如何构建社会主义和谐社会进行了深入的分析。

2012年10月，党的十八大报告中提到在新的历史条件下要夺取中国特色社会主义新胜利就“必须坚持促进社会和谐”，指出“要把保障和改善民生放在更加突出的位置，加强和创新社会管理，正确处理改革发展稳定关系，团结一切可以团结的力量，最大限度增加和谐因素，增强社会创造活力，确保人民安居乐业、社会安定有序、国家长治久安。

”同时，报告还强调“加强社会建设是社会和谐稳定的重要保证。

”报告强调要求必须加快推进社会体制的改革，首次提出要加快形成以社会管理体制、公共服务体系、现代社会组织体制和社会管理机制为主要内容的中国特色社会主义社会管理体系；并要求全力保障与改善民生，要努力办好人民满意的教育，推动实现更高质量的就业，千方百计增加居民收入，统筹推进城乡社会保障体系建设，提高人民健康水平，加强和创新社会管理，以此推动社会主义和谐社会建设。

这些都是我们党对构建社会主义和谐社会的新的阐释，表明我们党的社会主义和谐社会思想有了新发展。

十六大以来党的和谐社会思想形成后又在新的形势和新的实践中得以继续发展，从而不断丰富党的和谐社会思想，使该思想更加完善，更加规范化、体系化，并体现了其与时俱进的品质。

总之，我们党提出构建社会主义和谐社会，符合马克思主义的基本原理和关于社会主义社会的科学设想。

十六大以来，党的和谐社会思想的提出、形成及在新的形势和实践下与时俱进继续发展，既是对我们党执政经验的总结，也是对国外一些执政党执政经验教训的借鉴；既是对我国社会主义建设规律认识的深化，也是对共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律和人类社会发展规律认识的深化；既是对中国特色社会主义理论的丰富和发展，也是对马克思主义关于社会主义社会建设理论的丰富和发展。

Social harmony is the goal of our party to understand struggle. Since the 16th national congress of the communist party of China harmonious social thought is comrade hu jintao as general secretary of the new central collective leadership, based on the new century new stage of the new situation encountered new problems, new contradictions, from the great practice of
socialism with Chinese characteristics, combining marxism with China's actual product, is the crystallization of collective wisdom. Its formation and development, is not achieved overnight, solidification unchanged, but bud in practice, gradually formed, and be able to continue to develop in the new situation. It is a perfect theory system, advancing with The Times.
One, from the party's 16 big by the end of 2004, since the 16th national congress of the communist party of China harmonious social thought germination period
In November 2002, the party's 16 big reports on the comprehensive construction affluent society's goal, clearly put forward the requirements of society more harmonious, and use it as one of the objectives of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. Party's 16 big reports referred to "harmony" has six times the word, such as "promoting the harmony of man and nature", "trying to form all the people from each according to his ability, each gets, and the situation of harmony", and "consolidation and development of democratic unity, lively, stable and harmonious political situation", "to complete the reform and development of heavy service, must keep a harmonious and stable social environment" for a long time, and so on. This is the first time "harmony" has appeared in the party's programmatic document, "harmony" word in the development history of the communist party of China, this is not only our party's historical development milestone, is also a milestone in the development of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
In October 2003, the third plenary session of the 16th of approval of the central committee of the communist party of China about perfecting system of socialist market economy the decision of the several issues ", "adhere to the people-oriented, set up the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development view, promote the economic society and person's full scale development", and fully discusses the ideas of "five plans", namely "urban and rural development as a whole, the overall regional development, overall economic and social development, the harmonious development of man and nature as a whole, overall domestic development and opening to the outside world," this is the first time in the party's official documents completely puts forward the concept of scientific development, through one of the important thoughts, is required to achieve the social various aspects of harmony and achieve the harmonious development of man and nature ".
In September 2004, the party's sixteen session of fourth plenary session, the central committee of the CCP about to strengthen the party's ruling ability construction of the decision "for the first time complete the author puts forward the concept of" harmonious society ", and building a harmonious socialist society officially on improving the ruling ability of the communist party of China, one of the five big capacity requirements party "continuously improve the ability of building a harmonious socialist society". "Decision" points out: "his each form all the people can perform, and harmonious society, is to consolidate the social foundation of the party in power, to realize the task of the party's ruling history." Also stressed at the same time, the "decision" to "to adapt to the profound social changes, harmonious society construction in the important position. In addition, the "decision" from five aspects to improve the ability of building a harmonious socialist society proposed requirements, such as the comprehensive implementation of respect for labor, for knowledge, for ability and for creativity, enhance the creativity of the whole society ", "the coordination of all aspects of the interest relationship properly and correctly handle contradictions among the people", etc. At this point, since the 16th national congress of the party's harmonious social thought in the fourth plenary session of the
16th of the central committee of the communist party of China "decision on strengthening the construction of the party's governance capability" marked formally put forward.
Second, from early 2005 to early 2005, since the 16th national congress of the communist party of China thought the formation of a harmonious society
In February 2005, comrade hu jintao at the provincial or ministerial main leading cadres to improve the ability of building a harmonious socialist society project seminar important speech marks since the 16th national congress of the party's initial formation of a harmonious society thought. The speech, systematically expounds the constructing the socialist harmonious society's important background, significance and scientific connotation, basic characteristics, important principles and main tasks, stressed that "what we're building a socialist harmonious society, democracy, rule of law, fairness and justice, honest and friendly, vibrant, balanced, orderly society, harmony between man and nature", and put forward "four one" for the first time the general layout of socialism with Chinese characteristics mentioned "as China's economic and social development, the overall arrangements for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, more specifically by the socialist economic construction, political construction, cultural construction of the trinity development for the socialist economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction four." At this point, the party's further full harmonious social thought.
In October 2005, the party's sixteen session of the fifth plenary session of building a harmonious socialist society to implement the scientific concept of development must pay special attention to a great task, and work requirements and the policies and measures are put forward. At the same time, the meeting examined and approved the "the central committee of the communist party of China to develop the national economy and social development of the eleventh five year plan suggestion", the "promoting the construction of a harmonious socialist society" included in the eleventh five-year plan, and put "to promote social harmony" for planning an important task. Through the eleventh five-year plan, the basic idea is "based on scientific development, focus on independent innovation, improve the mechanism of the system, promote social harmony". This in the history of the development of five years plan, or for the first time, that the CPC central committee attaches great importance to construction of socialist harmonious society, the harmonious social thought gradually formed.
In October 2006, the party's sixth plenary of sixteen session scrutinised and subsequently passed "the central committee of the communist party of China about constructing the socialism harmonious society certain major issue decision", this is the framework document of building a harmonious socialist society. Further put forward the "decision" and "social harmony is the essential attribute of socialism with Chinese characteristics", "social harmony is the goal of our party unremitting struggle", "building a harmonious socialist society is a continuous process of" constantly resolving social contradictions, stressed that "we want to build a harmonious socialist society is a, is on the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the construction of the communist party of China leads the people together, common to enjoy the harmonious society", and clearly put forward for the first time to build our country into a "prosperous democratic, civilized and harmonious modern socialist country" and so on. "Decision" also fully discusses the importance and urgency of constructing a socialist society, the guiding ideology, target tasks and principles, main tasks, and major initiatives to ensure complete these tasks and work deployment, the party of the leadership of building a harmonious socialist society, it not only shows that our
party to a new understanding of the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and scientifically answered "what is socialism harmonious society, how to build a harmonious socialist society" of the major issues, it also marks the since the 16th national congress of the party's thought the formation of a harmonious society.
Third, since 2007, since the 16th national congress of the communist party of China harmonious society thought form and then in the new situation and new practice to be able to continue to develop
In October 2007, the party's 17th national congress of the "social harmony" and "scientific development" to write reports, as the basic requirement of the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics ". Report illustrates the dialectical relationship between scientific development and social harmony and unity within, according to the report, "in-depth implementation of the scientific outlook on development, requires us to actively building a harmonious socialist society", "scientific development and social harmony is the unity within. Without scientific development, there is no social harmony, not also difficult to achieve scientific development for a harmonious society. Building a harmonious socialist society is the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics the whole process of long-term historical task, is on the basis of the development of correctly handling various social contradictions of the historical process and social results." At the same time, the report pointed out that the key of building a harmonious socialist society is to accelerate the social development with the focus on improving people's lives, the report for the construction of harmonious society in education, employment, income distribution, social security system, health care and social management in detail, this paper emphasizes to form a all people "learn to teach his time, work pay, sickness, and live in a house" of the harmonious society. This is our party from the height of the building a harmonious socialist society, to solve the people most concerned about, the most direct and most realistic interests problem, with the focus on improving people's lives in the social construction of the proposed target and commitment. It also shows that the accelerating social development with the focus on improving people's lives, become after the 17th national congress of building a harmonious socialist society a distinct theme. In addition, the report also pointed out that "it requires joint efforts of the whole society to build a harmonious society, must therefore rely firmly on the people and mobilize all positive factors, everybody is responsible for trying to form the social harmony, the harmonious society, a lively situation". These are party to construct socialism harmonious society the new interpretation, shows that the party's harmonious society thought to a new stage of development. In February 2008, the 17th session of the party's leaders to correctly handle contradictions among the people in building a harmonious society, emphasize "should strive to promote social harmony, and properly handle the contradictions among the people, and actively resolve various social contradictions, strengthen basic work, to ensure social stability." This suggests that the central party committee attaches great importance to correctly handle contradictions among the people, to promote the construction of a harmonious socialist society.
In October 2010, the party's review of the fifth plenary session of the 17th and passed "the central committee of the communist party of China to develop the national economy and social development of the twelfth five year plan suggestion", made clear that focus on improving people's livelihood, establishing and perfecting the basic public service system, promote employment and to build a harmonious labor relations, reasonably adjust income distribution
relations, perfecting social security system covering both urban and rural residents, accelerate the development of medical and health care reform, a comprehensive do a good job in population to strengthen social management and innovation, to safeguard social harmony and stability. The 12th five-year plan after the party's 17th, further defined the safeguard and improve people's livelihood as a breakthrough for the development of building a harmonious socialist society, suggests that the party's harmonious society thought literally onto a new stage.
In February 2011, comrade hu jintao at the provincial or ministerial main leading cadres of social management and innovation project seminar delivered an important speech, emphasized the strengthening and innovation of social management problems, and put forward to improve the level of social scientific management solidly, building socialism with Chinese characteristics of social management system, to promote the construction of a harmonious socialist society. Comrade hu jintao stressed that the "closely around the overall goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, firmly grasp the stimulate the vitality of society to the greatest extent, maximize factors conducive to harmony and minimize the general requirements of disharmony factors, in order to solve problems affecting social harmony and stability as the breakthrough point, improve the level of social scientific management, improve the party committee leadership, government responsibility, nongovernmental support and public participation in the structure of social management, strengthen construction of ability of social administrative law and system, protecting the rights of the people and promote social equity and justice, maintain social order, and good construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics of social management system, to ensure that the society is full of vitality and harmony and stability." This paper, it is our party from the point of strengthening social management and innovation, on how to build a harmonious socialist society has carried on the thorough analysis.
In October 2012, the party's eighteen big report under the new historical conditions to seize the new victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics "must adhere to promote social harmony", and points out that "to safeguard and improve people's livelihood in a more prominent position, strengthen the social management and innovation, correctly handle the relationship between reform, development and stability, unite with all forces that can be united, maximize factors conducive to harmony and enhance the creativity of society to ensure people to live and work in peace and contentment, social stability and national security." At the same time, it also stresses "strengthening social construction is the important guarantee of social harmony and stability." Report highlights requirements must accelerate reform of the social system, first proposed to speed up the formation to the system of social management and public service system, the modern system of social organization and social management mechanism as the main content of the social management system of socialism with Chinese characteristics; And asked to safeguard and improve people's livelihood, strive to do a good job in the people's satisfactory education, promote the realization of higher quality jobs, one thousand ways to increase income, promoting the construction of urban and rural social security system as a whole, improve the level of the people's health, strengthen social management and innovation, to promote the construction of a harmonious socialist society. These are our party to construct socialism harmonious society's new interpretation, suggests that the socialist harmonious society thought of our party has a new development.
Since the 16th national congress of the party's harmonious social thought form and then be
able to continue to develop in the new situation and new practice, so as to enrich the harmonious social thought, make the thought to be more perfect, more standardized, systematic, and embodies the quality of keeping the pace with The Times.
To sum up, our party put forward in building a harmonious socialist society, in accordance with the basic principle of marxism and the science of socialist society. Since the 16th national congress, party's harmonious social thought is put forward, the formation and keep pace with The Times continues to develop under the new situation and practice, is not only the summary of our party's ruling experience, and for some of the ruling party's ruling experience abroad for reference; Deepen the knowledge of law is not only the socialist construction of our country, is also the communist rule, socialist construction rule and rule of human society development to deepen understanding; Is to enrich and develop the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, is the marxism about the enrichment and development of socialist construction theory.。