与房屋有关英语词汇.doc

与房屋有关的词汇House （房子）
semi-detached house半独立式房子（一栋房子从中间隔开，成力两户人家，花园也川篱笆隔开）detached house独立式房子（一家拥有）
terraced houses/ row houses连栋房屋（互相连接的一排房屋；两幢之间只有一层墙壁相陽）
fence篱笆front door房子前门garage车库driveway牢库通向马路的空地Flat/Apartment （公寓）block of flats 公寓楼g round floor 第一层first fl oor 第二层lif t/elevator 电梯stairs 楼梯steps楼外的台阶balcony阳台Renting （租房）
landlord 房东rent 房租House Leasi ng Contract 房屋合同deposit 定金furnished house/ 叩ar tment 有家具的房子/公寓unfurnished house/ apartment无家具的房子/公寓a va cant room/ a spare room 空房
single ro om单人间doubl e room双人间utilities水、电、煤气和垃圾处理等货用flatmate合住一套公寓的人；合租者letting agency房屋中介agency fee中介费homestay寄宿家庭，指和房东住在一起，由房东提供食宿）
uni versity acco mmodation学校宿舍（住在大学提供的宿舍里）
private ac commodation 私人住房
Room （房间）cozy 温馨的1 iving room/1 ounge 起居室；客厅bedroom 卧室main bedroo m 主卧carpet地毯coffee table （置于沙发前的〉茶儿
armchai r 承人沙发remo te control 遥控器radiator 暖气八central heating 巾央供暖fridge/ fr eezer 冰箱ke ttle电烧水壶
stool厨房高脚椅o ven跨箱dish washer洗碗机t ap水龙头
sink洗碗池cupboard橱柜shower淋浴/冲凉bath浴缸
bathroom 卫生间main bathroom 主卫toil et 马桶
Buy a (an)flat/ ap artment 买房real estate 房地产
mortgage按揭（指银行借长期抵押贷款，用来买房子）
dow n payment 沒付completed apartment/fl at 现房(指已建好供销售的房子)forward housing
del ivery 期房re sold apartme nt 二手房
afford able housing 经济造用房hous ing price 房价
Financing is the key to most real es tate transac tions , so if you are bu ying real es tate for you r personal u se，consume r credit con siderations are of param ount importa nee . Unlike the standar d stock leve raging schem e，where th e debt is ca pped at 50 p ercent of th e principal value of the transaction，the stand ard debt-to-asset ratio in real estate or what the banks cal 1 the loan-to- value ratio，is 80 percent ,with a 20 percent down payment . In such an instance, the lender looks as much to the credit of the borrower as to the value of the property，to be sure of rep ayment. Hen ce，your re cord of paym ent of other debts，or lack thereof，will be a critical fa ctor in whet her or not y ou get credi t for a home purchase .Other factor s that come into play are your overall financial picture . I f you have large amounts of other as sets such as stocks，that will help. Retiremen t assets sue h as individ ual retireme nt accounts (IRAs) canno t be used to secure loan s，but even they may in directly cou nt in a borr ower’s favor a s evidence of astutene ss .
If you are buying property for rental as a business .then more businesslike considerations apply . The bank will still want to evaluate 1 oan-to-value and income-to-debt serv ice ratios，but may giv e lesser wei ght to your personal fin ancial situa tion . Your past busines s experience， either in real estate or in other areas，wil 1 be taken i nto account，as will your business credit record . In unusual cases，the lender may require you to sign for loans personally，in which case y our personal financial s ituation wil I matter • T here are sev eral types o f lenders .The most com mon one is a financial i nstitution s uch as a ban k or a savin gs and loan . A second i s government agencies such as Veteran’s Administration or the Fede ral Ho using Authority • The th ird source o f financing is owner fin ancing .
对于大多数房地产交易来说，关键在于资金问题的解决。

一旦你决定买房，重中之重便是考虑消费品信用贷款。

与标准存量中要求债务上限为交易本金的50%的帄衡计划不同, 在房市屮，标准负债与资产比率（银行称之为贷款与价值比率）可达80%，只需20%的预付定金。

在这种情况下，贷方把借方的信誉和资产看得同样考能力偿还债务。

所以，你的其它债务的还款记录（或者记录缺失）将会成为致命因素，直接影响你能否获得购房信贷。

当然，还有一些因素在起着作用，它们也会影响你的整个筹资计划。

你如果有大量的诸如股票之类的另类资产的话，这会对你的信贷非常有利。

个人返休金帐户之类的退休资产虽然不能用来做贷款担保，可即便如此，它们却会证明你很精明，并因此而博得贷方的好感。

如果你购房是为了商业经营，那你就需要一步步深思熟虑。

银行仍然会对你的贷款与价值和工资与债务的偿还比率进行评估，但可能会低估你的个人财务状况。

你的商业信贷记
录也会被纳入评估的考虑范围，以往的经营经验（房地产或是其它领域）也会被予以考虑。

特殊情况下，贷方可能要求本人亲自签收贷款，此时，你的个人财务状况就会与此挂钩。

贷方分为好多种。

最常见的就是银行和信用合作社等金融机构。

第二种就是退伍军人管理局和联邦房屋管理
局的政府机构。

第三种资金來源就是业主融资
A bank will look at the borrower’s income relat ive to the p roposed debt service pay ments . The rule of thumb during the middle of t he twentieth century was that a mort gage should not be more than two and a half time s income • A more curren t rule of th umb was that mortgage pa yments shoul d not be more than 28 pe rcent of inc ome，and to tai debt ser vice payment s should not be more tha n 34 percent of income .In recent y ears，the 1 alter ratio has been rel axed to as m uch as 40 pe rcent，a fi nancial stre tch . A borr ower can eve n apply for a loan with no income ve rification .Typically ,however，t he bank requ ires a large -than -usual down paymen t 25 to 35 p ercent or mo re，and a c lean credit record .
So mewhat diffe rent require ments apply for a govern ment loan .For instance，the Veter an’s Adminis tration will make loans to war veter ans at low i merest rate s . Other go vernment age ncies target other const ituencies su ch as low-in come housing. If you ha ve a good re cord of runn ing multi-fa mily houses，you may qu alify for go vernment loa ns for the d evelopment a nd managemen t of low-inc ome units .In such case s，your abi lity to get the loan is contingent o n your meeting the parti cular politically requirements . Also , governme nt loans are more likely to have one rous terms s uch as prepa yment penalt ies .
A thi rd source of financing，if you find the right $ eller and ar e persuasive enough，is owner finan cing . A mor tgage is not hing more th an an IOU in which a buyer agrees to pay a lende r the value of the house over a peri od of time .It is reall y a way of b orrowing mon ey using the house as co llateral. The borrower i ssues a mort gage，and i s known as a mortgage ,while the le nder is know n as the mor tgage . In t his particul ar instance，the seller is also the lender of t he last reso rt. Occasio nally，there will be ho me advertise ments in the newspaper t hat say OWC, or owner w ill carry .
针对预定的债务偿还量，银行还会了解借方的收入情况。

20世纪中期单纯经验的方法就是抵押最多为工资的二点五倍。

更为流行的单纯经验方法就是抵押贷款月供最多为月薪的28%，总偿债支付款最多为还款期间工资总额的34%。

在最近几年，后者已经达到了40%,这就是金融延仲。

借方甚至没有收入证明也可以申请贷款，可尽管如此，银行却会特别要求一笔25-3 5%甚至更多的巨额首付和一个无污点的信贷记录。

申请政府贷款要求多少会有些不同。

例如，退伍军人管理局会给予曾经参战的退伍军人低息贷款。

其它政府机构提供的是一些赞助服务，比如对那些低收入家庭。

如果你具有一个
经营多户住宅的良好记录，你就可以获得政府贷款以对低收入住宅进行开发管理。

在这些情况
之下，你能否获得贷款取决于你能否遇到政治上的特殊需要。

当然，政府贷款更可能包括•一
些繁苛的条款，比如说提前预付罚金。

第三种资金来源为业主融资，即通过你的能力，A己发现和说服卖家。

其实抵押就是借据, 通过
这个借据，买方同意在一定的时间范闱闪偿还房价借款，说到底只是贷款买房方式的一个担保。

借方提供了抵押，并将其作为抵押，而且贷方也认可了这个抵押。

在这个特例中，卖方其实就是最后贷方。

偶尔，新闻上刊登一些房屋广告会提到“业主负责还款”。

The buyi ng and borro wing transac tions are ha ndled simult aneously by a closer . S he will take the down pa yment，typi cally in the form of a c ertified che ck from the buyer，and the check fr om the lende r for the am ount of the mortgage • S he will then take title from the sel ler and re-r egister the property in the name of the buyer .Finally，sh e will hand over the mon etary procee ds to the se Her . If th e parties wa nt to make a bsolutely su re of the va lidity of th e transactio n，they wil 1 close in e scrow . For most transac tions，such a level of detail is no t necessary .
It is said that the t hree basics of real esta te are locat ion，locati on，and loc ation . That is true，a 11 other thi ngs being eq ual. It mea ns that you should not b uy in a poor location .But it is al so does not mean that yo u should nec essarily “ p ay up ” for the best. J ust as with stocks you c an make money from an ex panding mult iple，as wel 1 a$ from ri sing rents .Some of the best multip le plays are in neighbor hoods where the economic s and the qu ality of the tenants is improving .These situations are most often found in large m etropolitan areas like New York City.
The best deals can be obtained f rom motivate d sellers ^sometimes co lloquially a s “ don’t wa nters •” Sue h a person m ay have rece ntly gotten divorced (or married，o r had a new child born )，and no lo nger finds t he house the right size. Otherwise, they might have been t ransferred or lost a job and want a house with 1 ower payment s . The clas sic case is someone on t he brink of foreclosure. some inves tors check c ourt records of divorces arrearages，and upcomi ng bankrupt。

y proceeding s to find such people .Others will go to banks or savings and loans and ask to see a listing of the “ real estate owned ” (i.e. rep ossessed real estate ) .In the latt er case，th e bank may be holding pr operty that it is willin g to sell fora discount，because a down paymen t and part o f the mortga ge have been paid , rath er than hold ing and managing the real estate .
买借交易被一个终端同步处理。

她以一种从买方获得的保护支票的方式对预付定金进行处理，用从贷方获得的保护支票处理抵押贷款的数目。

接着她会处理卖方的所有权，并将其考（试
大重新置于买方名下。

最后，她会将货m收益划归卖方。

如果买卖双方想绝对确
保交易的合法性，他们需履行提存手续。

对大多数交易来说，没有必要做这么细据说房地产的三个基础是地点、地点、还是地点。

这话不假，一切都必须讲求对等。

意思就是说你不应该买地点不好的房子。

可这也并不是说你要尽可能的买最好的房子。

这就如同买股票一样，股票的翻番会让你大赚一笔，租金的考（试大上涨也会带來这个效果。

最好的翻倍游戏多发生在经济和房客质量提高的区域，比如说像纽约这样的大都市。

最划算的交易也可以被焦急的卖方接受，即口语所谓的“大山血”卖主。

他们可能刚刚离婚（或是结婚或是有了孩子），房子的大小已经不太合适：抑或搬家、失业，急需一套还款较低的房子。

一个经典案例就是，某人止赎期满，一些投资者对其离婚欠款的法院纪录进行核对，并发现其破产诉讼即将到来。

如此一来，投资者们会去银行或者储贷协会要一份其所属的房产清单。

在后面
这个例子中，银行可能会持有房产并希望对其打折拍卖，因为与其持有和经营房产，不如将其拍卖以偿还预付定金和部分抵押贷款。

The real sec ret is to bu y only in si tuations in which debt s ervicing cos ts are less than rental income minus expenses .Investors mo st often get into troubl e in negativ e cash flow situations .A bankruptc y in real es tate terms i s known as a foreclosure. This is w hen the bank or other le nder takes p ossession of the buildin g because th e buyer can’t meet pay me nts for a pe riod of time. Foreclosu r es are the closest thin g to persona 1 bankruptcy，and stay on a person’s credit rec ord for seve n years . （b ankruptcy st ays for ten •） A more am icable situa tion is one in which the owner hands title （as s ymbolized by the keys an d deed ） to the property to the lend er in lieu o f foreclosure , but this also involv es a seven-y ear record .One or more missed paym ents followed by a catch -up will not lead to for eclosure，b ut this info rmation does damage a cr edit record for some yea rs .
To buy in a turnar ound，the m ost promisin g situation is one in wh ich the neig hborhood and properties are already being improv ed by the cu rrent owners . It is good sign if de velopers are moving in .(But this i s smart mone y .) The la rgest profit s are made j ust before t he developer stage，when individual s are fixing up the prop erty • The q uality of th e people is even more im portant than the quality of the buil dings . A bl ue-collar ne ighborhood w ith stable i ncomes and f amilies may be a better bet than one inhabited b y young sing les who move out every few years . S eattle，Was hington，wa s a case in point when the aerospace industry la id off peopl e .
房地产的秘密就在于只有在这种情况下才可以购房，即债务偿还开销要低于扣除份额中曰常开销之后的租金收入。

投资者很界易陷入负向现金流动的凼境之中。

止赎是房地产破产屮的著名条款。

此即由于买方起还款，该房产便收归银行或某他贷方所有了。

止赎权与个人破产的信用记录保留期限最为接近，要保留7年（破产为10年）。

一个更为和睦的处境就是所有者将财产所有权（以钥匙和契约表征）交与贷方从而避免破产，可这也要在信用记录中保留7年。

一个或多个忘还的款项随后补交之后虽然不会导致止赎，可却会在信用记录中保留多年。

转型期购房，此吋最有价值的投资就在那些已被现有业主开发的小区和物业。

如果开发者进入，这就是一个好的标志。

（可这获利甚微。

）要想获得较大利益，就要在开发者进入之前动手，即人们开始解决物业之时。

人的更为重要。

有稳定收入及家庭的蓝领公寓与那些没儿年就搬一次家的单身青年聚居区要更伉得搏一把。

对此，西雅阁、华盛顿在航空和航天工业裁员时就是再恰当不过的例子了。

Before buying any property，y ou should ge t an enginee ring report，to make su re that the main systems work ; elec trie，gas，and water .There shoul d not be any structural problems with these， the foundation，or the be ams • There may be plent y of minor f aults such a s chipped pa int，but th ere should b e reflected in a lower s elling price. You shoul d welcome su ch defects b ecause you c an increase your profits by fixing t hem.
The bank will do an appraisal，but it wil 1 be a cursory one • Ins tead of tryi ng to pinpoi nt the exact value for y our house，the bank app raiser will use the sell ing price as a starting point， and then test it for reasona bleness . A good (well d one，not ne cessarily fa vorable )app raisal will tell you what the market thinks of t he house and why.
Cash flow on real estate is p retty much d iscretionary，at least after the mi nimum debt s ervice charg es are paid off. You can reinvest i t in the pro perty to mai ntain or imp rove it，yo u can prepay your mortga ge or you ca n spend it .either on mo re real esta te，or on ot her items .A property c an even be “milked ” fo r short peri ods of time by deferring maintenance，but that is not a wise long-term strategy . A ny way you s lice it，cas h flow is wh at ultimatel y drives the return on real estate .If cash flow after expe nses and debt service is negative，the property is priced t oo high and likely to go down in val ue . For thi s reason，o ne should no t think in t erms of sacr ificing cash flow for “a ppreciation
Real est ate should b e bought for intrinsic(i .e.，cash fl ow) rather t han resale v alue . This is true of s tocks，but p articularly told in nume rous places,most notabl y by John Pa ul Getty , o f Florida swamp land in the 1920$; i n which “ in vestors，’ bo ught and sold binders，or contracts, on real est ate ; with t he intention of “flippin g” them with in a short t ime . When o ne skeptical investor as ked the agen t to show hi m the land ,which was un der a swamp,the agent e xplained，“ This real es tate is for trading，no t for owning •，’ When the craze is ov er，some ha pless invest or will be 1 eft with a w orthless pie ce of proper ty • An only slightly le ss insidious form of “re al estate ”is one that is uneconomi cal，except for tax bre aks • Then t he investor is hostage t o changes in the Tax Code •
不管买什么房子，之前你都要拿到该房子的工程报告，以弄明白房子的电、水、和气等主
要工作系统。

房子的基础、大梁也不能有任何结构性M题。

当然，一些小的瑕疵也是不可避
免的，比如说油漆脱落，可这应该在价格上有所反应。

对于这些缺陷，你应该感到高兴，因为
通过修补你还能提高你的收益。

银行会出一个评估报告，但却很粗略。

银行评估师不会给你的房产定价，只是用卖价作为起点，然后川合理性进行检验。

一个好的（做得好却未必有利的）评佔报告将会告诉你市场对该房产的反映和市场为什么如此反应。

房地产现金流的决定权相当之大，要求至少先支付最低的债务偿还的服务费用。

你可以重新投资房地产，以便对其进行维持、改善：你也可以预交抵押贷款的定金，你也可以将其自行花掉（可考试*大用于其它房地产投资，也可用于房地产以外的项目）；房地产的款项甚至可以通过推迟保养而暂为“挪用”，可这从长期来讲，却不是一个明智的策略。

不管你如何分配，现金流回报最终都会受房地产的引导。

如果现金流在扣除各种花销和债务之后为负，就是说房产的价格过高而趋向于跌价。

基于此，就不要指望通过牺牲现金流来达到“ 涨价”的目的。

买房与其用转售价格，不如用其固有（指现金流）价格。

这适用于股票，因其较低的流动性，尤其适用于房地产。

最著名的要数上世纪20年代佛罗里达沼泽地的约翰•保罗•格蒂，他的故事曾被考试*人多处引用。

他提出，投资者带着短期弹压房地产的目的对其基料或合约进行买卖。

当一位投资者怀疑的向代理人咨询其地皮为何在沼泽之上吋，代理人解释道, “这里的房产只是
力了买卖，不是为了拥有。

”当狂热过去，一些倒霉的投资者将会剩下一诀分文不值的地皮。

这种唯一略显狡诈的“房地产”形式除了税额优惠以外，对购房者而言并无经济实惠可言。

随之而来的就是这些投资者成了税法改革的人质。

B: We know this new shopping arcade is ready for lease. We would 1 ike to know if any shops are still
a vailable.
我们知道这幢新的购物商场已开始招租。

我们想知道还有哪些铺位空罝呢？
B: Y es，I’m Hele n and this i s my friend Eilze.
我叫海伦，这是我的朋友伊莉莎。

A:Nice to meet you，Helen and Elize.This is my b usiness card. I’m Jenny.First，I wo uld like to show you the layout o f t his arcade.The first fl oor is only for brand na me shops. The second flo or is for la dies’ wear.The third fl oor is for m en’s wear. T he fourth fl oor is half for children with
the other half for computer products. The fifth floor is for restaurants，which has been already let.There are only a few units available on the second and fourth floor. May I ask what size are you
looking for ?
海伦，伊利莎，很高兴认识你们。

这是我的名片，我是珍妮。

让我先简单介绍一下商场的布局。

一层是名牌店。

二层是女装，三层是男装，四层是儿童天地和电脑屮心，五层是饮食中心，这层已全部租出。

只剩下二层和四层还有少量铺位。

你们想租多大面积的铺位？
B : Can you sh ow us the fl oor plan fir st?
你可以先让我们看看帄而图吗？
A: Here are the floor plans for the second and the fourth floors.Only sizes from one hundred square f eet to three hundred squ are feet are still avail able.
这是第二层和第四层的帄而阁。

还未出租的铺位而积只有一百到三百帄方英尺的了。

B: Eli ze and I are planning to open an accessory shop.I think one hundred and fifty square feet fits our needs. B ut first I w ould like to know the re ntal rate an d terms.
依莎莉和我计划开一间饰品店。

大概一百五十帄方英尺的铺位就足够我们用了。

不过，我想先问问租金和租赁条件。

A: I believ e the second floor is much more suit able for you . The averag e rate for t he second fl oor is two hundred Hong Kong dollars per square foot. It certainly varies with different locatio ns. The rent al term is f or three yea rs.
我想第二层比较适合开饰品店。

第二层的帄均租金是每帄方英尺港币二百元。

实际租金则根据铺子的位置而定，租期是三年。

C:I see. Than k you for yo ur help. We need to disc uss this. May I have the brochure fo r the mall?
我明白了，谢谢你。

海伦和我要先商量一下。

可否给我一份商场介绍？
A: De finitely. Here is the br ochure with the floor pi an included.The highlig hted units on the floor plan are sti 11 available .
当然可以。

这是介绍，帄面图己经在里面了。

标有颜色的铺位表示仍未租出。

C BD：中央商务区(Ce ntral Busine ss District)CBD应具备以卜特征：现代城市商务中心，汇聚世界众多知名企业，经济、金融、商业高度集中，众多S好的写字楼、商务酒店和娱乐中心，最完善便利的交通，最快捷的通讯与昂贵的地价。

CLD：中央居住区，指由若干个居住区组成的可以满足城市居民居住、教育、购物、娱乐、休闲的大型集中型居住区，国际上普遍称为Central Li ving Distric t(简称CLD)。

CLD最重要的两个因素是空间和环境。

COD:中央行政区，全称是CentraL Official Dis trict，其名称源于该区内汇集了多家国家
部委、机关、办事机构
MORE :互动商务居住区，英文Mobile Office Residential Edifice的缩写，其文意为移动、办公、居住等意。

MORE社区具有最轻松的办公室、较正规的环境、S有效的商务团队，还有住宅内更隐私的空间等诸多优点。

CID：以中关村为中心的高科技园区，是Central Information District的缩写。

这是一个过渡的概念，并不成熟。

很多关于CID的提法，都是与CBD和CLD共存的。

SOHO:小型居家办公室，是Small Office, Home Office的缩写。

LOFT：无内墙割断的帄敞式帄面布置宅
STUDIO：工作室公寓
SOLO：单身精准住宅
CITYHOUSE：城市新住宅
MALL：中文俗称摩尔，英文Shopping Mall的简称，可译为超级休闲购物中心，是20世纪50年代初兴起于USA,现在欧、美、日、东南亚广为流传并开始风行世界的一种全新商业模式，其定义为：以大型零售业为主体，众多专业店为辅助业态和多功能商业服务设施形成的综合性商业聚合体。

G.O.D生活模式：“G ”即英文“Green”的缩写，意思为绿色；“O”即英文“Oxygen”的缩写，意思为氧气；“D”即英文“Dwelling”的缩写，意思为住所、寓所。

“G.O.D”可以引申为：“在充满清新
空气和绿意的花闶中安置美好的家闶”。

“SBI创业街”：是一种产权式科技企业孵•化器(shared bus iness incuba tor)的英文缩写，是一种新型的支持区域性创新与创业活动的孵化系统。

该系统通过对孵化器投资结构的重新设计，改变过去孵化器单一投资主体的模式，吸引社会资本参与孵化器建设，全面提升孵化器的孵化能力与管理水帄
国标准别擊：即“sport”运动、“story”故事、“sun”阳光、“stre am”梦想以及“seen ery”景色。