北师大必修1 Unit 1 Lifestyles Period 3(讲义)

一. 教学内容：
Unit 1 of Module I Period Three（Grammar）
二. 目标与要求
1、学习一般现在时态和现在进行时态。

2、一般现在时态和现在进行时态表达将来的动作。

3、对比一般现在时态和现在进行时态，掌握它们的用法和区别，进一步强化学生对该语法项目掌握的熟练程度和运用能力。

三. 语法讲解
一般现在时
（一）时态构成：
一般现在时主要由动词的原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，则在动词原形后加-s 或-es。

（二）时态的用法：
1、表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态和现阶段的习惯
常用的时间状语有：often, sometimes, usually, always, seldom, in the morning, every day, on Sunday 等。

如：
He is always ready to help others.
The students have sports at five every afternoon.
Does he work hard?
2、表示不受时间限制的事实或普遍真理
Three plus two is five.
A plane is faster than a car.
China is in Asia.
Light travels faster than sound.
3、在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中
主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来动作。

如：
I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.
She’ll go to see him as soon as she arrives.
When they come, they’ll tell you something important.
4、在含宾语从句的复合句中
尽管主句用过去时态，但如果宾语从句所述内容是客观真理，从句谓语动词仍然用一般现在时。

如：
The teacher told her pupils that the sun rises in the east.
5、表示已经安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态
一般用be, come, go, arrive, leave, start等动词。

如：
My birthday falls on May 2.
The meeting is at 2:00 p.m.
His ship leaves at 9:00 a.m.
6、图片说明、电影说明、解说戏剧内容及场景
动词常用一般现在时。

如：
Scene 1 ( Mary and Miss Green are in the professor’s room-a large ,pleasant room with many
books. There is a big desk near the window. )
7、几个由here, there 开头的句子
动词用一般现在时表示现在正在进行的动作。

如：
There goes the bell. Let’s hurry.
Here comes the teacher.
现在进行时
（一）现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由助动词be(am, is, are)+现在分词构成。

am 用于第一人称单数，is用于第三人称单数，are用于其他各人称。

（二）现在进行时的用法
1）表示此时此刻正在进行的动作
The boys are reading magazines.
Are the students dancing?
Mr. Green is talking with Jim in the classroom.
2）表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作（尽管此时此刻该动作并不在进行中）
—What’s he doing this week?
—He is translating a novel.
They are learning Chinese in Beijing.
I’m working for an American company.
3）现在进行时常与副词always, constantly 等连用，表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，含有说话者的赞扬、不满、讨厌、遗憾等情绪。

如
The girl is always smiling happily.
You’re always making the same mistake.
She’s constantly changing her mind. 她经常改变主意
4）用进行时表示过程
It’s getting cold. 天气变得越来越冷
The leaves on the trees are turning brown.
She’s finding that chemistry is much more difficult than physics.
她渐渐感到化学比物理难学。

5）现在进行时可用来表示按计划安排即将发生的动作（见一般将来时有关讲解）
注意：英语里有些动词一般不用于进行时，它们在新教材里也被称为静态动词。

①表示知觉的动词，如see, hear, smell, taste, notice, feel 等；
②表示态度和感情的动词，如believe, agree, like, hate, want, think 等；
③一些不表示具体动作而表示某种抽象的关系或概念的动词，如have, depend, seem（似乎）, belong to（属于）, consist（组成）, possess（拥有，占有）等。

但当这些动词的词义改变时便可用于进行时。

试比较：
I feel sick.
The doctor is feeling my pulse.
I can’t see anything in the bowl.
Tom is seeing his friend off at the airport.
【家庭作业】
1. Exercises
2.
3.4 of Lesson 1 on Page 5
4.
2. Exercises 1.2.
3.4 of Lesson 3 on Page 58.
【巩固练习】
1、Most of what has been said about the Smiths ______also true of the Johnsons.
A. are
B. is
C. being
D. to be
●思路分析：此题考查主语与谓语的一致性。

of what has been said 修饰most, 所以谓语动词用单数。

答案：B
2、—Four dollars a pair ? I think it’s a bit too much.
—If you buy three pairs, the price for each will______ to three fifty.
A. come down
B. take down
C. turn over
D. go over
●思路分析：此题考查动词短语。

come down 意思是“价格下跌”；take down“记下”；turn over“移交”；go over“仔细查看”。

答案：A
3、—Why did you leave that position?
—I _______a better position at IBM.
A. offer
B. offered
C. am offered
D. was offered
●思路分析：此题考查时态、语态。

句意：“——为什么你离开那个职位？——在IBM 我被提供了一个更好的职位。

”此题中“被提供职位”一事在过去已经发生，所以用过去被动语态。

答案：D
4、They have a good knowledge of English but little ______they know about German.
A. have
B. did
C. had
D. do
●思路分析：该题考查句式结构。

句意为“他们有着良好的英语知识，但对德语他们却知之甚少。

”“little”放在句首，句子要倒装，因此该空应填助动词，根据语境用一般现在时。

答案：D
5、Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing.
People ________to ask how I am going to spend the money.
A. phone
B. will phone
C. were phoning
D. are phoning
●思路分析：该题考查时态的运用。

句意是：“自从我获大奖以来，我的电话不断，人们在电话中询问我打算如何花掉这笔钱。

”表示人们现在的关心，所以用现在进行时，不能用过去进行时或将来时。

答案：D
6、Months ago we sailed ten miles across this open sea, which ______the Pacific, and we met no storms.
A. was called
B. is called
C. had been called
D. has been called
●思路分析：该题考查被动语态的运用。

在定语从句中，被称为太平洋的海域是一个客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。

答案：B
7、The classroom is big enough _______, but we’ll have to move if we have more students.
A. for the moment
B. on the moment
C. in a moment
D. for a moment
●思路分析：该题考查词组含义。

for the moment“暂时，目前”；in a moment “即刻，马上”；for a moment“一会儿，片刻”。

答案：A
8、More than a dozen students in that school _______ abroad to study medicine last year.
A. sent
B. were sent
C. had sent
D. had been sent
●思路分析：该题考查动词的时态与语态。

根据时间状语“last year”可以判断谓语动词应用一般过去时，排除C、D 两项；又因学生是“被送出国”，可排除A项。

答案：B
9、Let’s keep to the point or we _______any decisions.
A. will never reach
B. have never reached
C. never reach
D. never reached
●思路分析：本题考查动词的时态。

句意为：“咱们还是抓住重点，否则就永远作不出任何决定了。

”从语境看，应用将来时。

答案：A
10、According to the art dealer, the painting ________to go for at least a million dollars.
A. is expected
B. expects
C. expected
D. is expecting
●思路分析：本题考查动词的时态、语态。

句意为：“按画商的话说，这幅画预计至少值100万美元。

”句子的主语是物painting,所以用被动语态。

答案：A。