高二英语Unit 1冀教版必修7知识精讲

高二英语Unit 1冀教版必修7
[本讲教育信息]
一. 教学内容：
必修7 Unit 1
1.In place 在适当的位置
2. be patient with 对……耐心
3. in general 大体上
4. get used to 习惯于
5. be worth nothing 显著的
6. stand for 代表
7. in one breath 一口气
8. make an appoint 约会
9. be related to 涉及把……联系起来
10. in contrast 相反，相比之下
11. have no effect on 对……没有影响
12. be likely to do 可能做
13. be attributed to 归因于
14. brag about 夸，炫耀
15. be just the ticket 正合适
16. apply to / for 适用于
17. identify A with B 认为A和B 相同
18. take the time to do 花时间做
19. be brief with 简洁做
20. be to do 按计划做
21. be sure of 确信
22. too…to …太……以至于不能……
23. Do…and you will do..如果……你就会
24. wipe out 除掉，擦干
25. be infected with 染上……病
26. be the case with 是……的情况
27. work with 起作用，奏效
28. It’s vital that…至关重要的是
29. be short of 短缺
30. There is no denying the fact tha t…无可否认的是
1. worth是表语adj.，意为“值得的；有……价值的〞，接名词或主动语态的动名词作宾语。

还常用于be worth it，表示“值得，配〞
We had to work hard, but it has been worth it.
2. worthy作表语和定语。

作定语时，为“有价值的；受赏识的；值得尊敬的〞。

作表语时，意为“值得；应得到〞，或常接of sth.，也可接不定式短语。

3. worthwhile可作定、表语。

表示某事因为重要、有趣或受益大而值得去花时间、钱财
做好，意为“值得的、有意义的〞。

做标语时，后可接动名词或动词不定式。

介词
Preposition
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，它表示的是它后面的名词或代词〔或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句〕与其他句子成分的关系。

一、介词的分类
介词可分为以下三类：
1. 简单介词：
about, above, across, after, against, among, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, like, near, of, off, on, over, past, round, since, through, to, towards, under, until, till, up, with等
2. 合成介词：
inside, into, onto, outside, throughout, upon, within, without等
3. 短语介词：
according to, ahead of, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, on account of, on behalf of , owing to, due to, together with, up to, in/with regard to, next to等
介词不能单独充当句子成分，它必须与名词、代词或相当于名词作用的成分〔动名词、名词性从句、疑问词+不定式〕构成介词短语才能充当句子的成分。

It’s going to be sunny tomorrow according to the weather forecast.
How much money need I take with me?
She is fond of collecting stamps.
I wonder how we can finish the job in time.
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
二、介词短语的句法功能
1. 作定语，例如：
I have lost the key to the doorof my room.
我把房间的钥匙丢了。

Then a gentleman in black came forward.
这时一位穿黑衣服的先生走向前来。

2. 作状语，例如：
That was done without my knowledge and without my consent.
这件事我既不知道也没同意。

Don’t stand under a treeduring a thunderstorm.
雷雨时不要站在树下。

3. 作表语，例如：
The book is out of print.
这书已不再印行。

To be strict with a person is for his own good.
严是爱。

4. 作宾语补足语
When he came to life, he found himself in a hospital.
当他苏醒时，他发现自己在一家医院里。

三、介词的固定搭配
〔一〕At
1. [表示地点或位置]在……，经由
2. [表示时间]在……时〔刻〕
3. 处于……状态
4. 在……方面
5. 向，朝，以……为目标
6. [表示速度、价格等]以
7. 从事于，忙于 8. 因为 9. 根据，按照 10. 出席，参加
11. 从一个间隔距离
be good at 精通于
be annoyed at 对……烦恼
be angry at 对……发怒
(take) aim at 瞄准
laugh at 因……而发笑
stare at 盯着看，凝视
at best 充其量
at first 开始
at large 自由地，未被捕地
at least 至少，起码
at length 最后，终于
at once 立即，马上
at present 现在
at rest 休息，静止不动
at times 间或，有时
at the risk of 冒……的危险
at a speed of 以……的速度
be quick at 敏于做某事
be amazed at 吃惊
be slow at 对……反应慢
attempt at 试图，努力
glance at 瞥见
work at 从事，致力于
at fault 有错
at intervals 不时
at last 终于，最后
at leisure 有空，失业状态
at most 至多，不超过
at peace 平静
at random 随机，任意地
at sea 茫然，迷惑
at work 在工作，在运转
at the price of 以……的价格
at the sight of 一看到
例如：
He was angry at his brother’s remark.他对他兄弟的批评很恼火。

I don’t know him but he has been staring at me for ten minutes.
我不认识他，但是他盯了我足有十分钟。

I know I am at fault.我知道我错了。

The escaped prisoner is still at large.那逃犯仍逍遥法外。

He is at present away on his holidays.他现在到外地度假去了。

〔二〕About
1. 在……周围，在…身边
2. 在/去……各处
3. 关于，对于
4.〔时刻、大小、数量等〕大约
5. 从事于
6. [后接不定式]刚要，正准备
careful about 小心
particular about 对……讲究
careless about 粗心
doubtful about 对……怀疑
sure about 肯定
concerned about 担心
a plaint about 抱怨，叫屈
bring about 引起，带来
care about 关心，介意
leave about 乱放，乱扔
anxious about 担心，想念
crazy about 迷恋
hopeful about 抱……希望
enthusiastic about 热心于
certain about 有把握
anxiety about 忧虑，担心
inquire about 询问
agree about 就……取得一致意见
hang about 闲荡，聚在……附近
e about 发生，产生
order about 不断差遣
例如：
How did it e about?那事是怎样发生的?
She is crazy about pop music.她对流行音乐着了迷。

English people are always making plaints about their weather.
英国人老是埋怨天气不好。

He is enthusiastic about the music of Brahams.他热衷于布拉姆斯的乐曲。

Harry likes eating very much but he isn’t very particular about the food he eats.
哈里很爱吃，但对他所吃的食物倒并不讲究。

〔三〕Against
1.〔反〕对，违反
2. 碰着
3. 倚在，紧靠着
4. 以……为背景
5. 对……不利
6. 以……为防御〔或抵抗〕对象
7. 与……竞争
8. 与……相邻
fight against 反对
vote against 投票反对
protect…against 保护……免受
stand against 反对，经受住
guard against 防护
protest against 反对，抗议
rise against 起来反抗
run against 对……不利，违反
strive against 与……作斗争
a defence against 防护，保卫
a protest against 抗议，反对
例如：
I protest against their criticism.我对他们的批评提出抗议。

Those clothes don’t give you much protection against the cold.
那些衣服不能使你御寒。

He should guard against passing on disease to his family.
他应当注意别把病传给自己家里的人。

〔四〕By
1. 在……旁
2.在…身边/手头
3. [方向]偏于
4. 沿，经由
5. 经过…旁边
6. 不迟于，到…时为止
7. [表示方法、手段]靠，用，通过
8. 由于
9. 根据，按 10. 被，由 11. 相差 12. 逐批 13. [表示关系]就…来说
14. 对待 15. 对着…发誓
pull…by 拉住
by mistake 弄错，失误
by virtue of 凭借，由于
by means of 使用
by aid of 借助于
by way of 经由
by birth 天生
by nature 天生地
by profession 就职业而言
by heart 记住
by post 邮寄
catch…by 抓住
stand by 支持
by chance 偶然，碰巧
by turns 轮流
by appearance 从外表
by name 名叫，以名字
by far…很多，最
by accident 偶然
by force 以武力，强迫地
by marriage 联姻而产生的
例如：
He is by nature a kind, generous fellow.他是个天性和蔼慷慨的人。

They sent the letter to me by mistake.他们误把那封信送给了我。

The old Roman armies had several generals who took mand by turns.
古罗马的军队由几位大将轮流指挥。

By virtue of his victory, he felt he could do what he pleased.
由于胜利，他感到可以想干什么就干什么了。

I probably know him by sight but not by name.我大概见面认识他，不过叫不上名字。

〔五〕For
1. [表示目的]为了
2. [表示对象、用途等]对于、适合于
3. [表示目标、去向]往，向
4. 代替，代表
5. [表示等值或比例关系]换
6. [表示愿望、爱好、特长等]对于
7. 赞成，拥护
8. 由于
9. 虽然，尽管 10. 就……而言 11. 当作，作为
12. [表示时间、距离、数量等]达，计 13. [表示约定的时间]在
an admiration for 羡慕，赞赏
an apology for 道歉
a need for 需要
(make) an arrangement for 作安排
an attraction for 吸引，招引
a capacity for 能力，力量
a passion for 热情，爱好
a cure for 疗法，〔治某病的〕药
desire for 期望，希望
a fitness for 合适
a gift for 天赋，才能
a reputation for 名誉，声望
responsibility for 责任，职责
sorrow for 对……感到悲痛
a talent for 才能，天资
vote for 投票赞成
favourable for 适宜
late for 迟到 anxious for 渴望
petent for 胜任
for good (and all) 永远
for the sake of 为……缘故
for the better 好转
for the purpose of 为……目的
for a change 改变一下
for the time being 暂时
for fear of 以免
an affection for 喜欢……
application for 申请
(make) preparation for 为……作准备
blame for 责怪，责备
cause for 理由
readiness for 为……准备就绪
an occasion for 时机，机会
a demand for 需要，需求
evidence for 证据，根据
a fondness for 喜欢
a reason for ……理由
a respect for 尊敬，尊重
a search for 搜寻，找寻
sympathy for 同情
taste for 喜好，爱好
famous for 因……出名
ready for 为……准备好
eager for 迫切要
hungry for 渴望
convenient for 方便
for short 简称
for certain 肯定地
for ages 很久
for the benefit of 为……利益
for anything 无论如何
for want/lack of 缺乏
for the present 暂时
例如：
I should like to repeat my opening remarks for the benefit of those who just came in.
我愿重复一下我的开场白，以便让刚入场的人也能听到。

New York is famous for its skyscrapers.纽约以其摩天大楼而著称。

His excuse for being late was that his train was delayed.他晚到的理由是火车晚点了。

This new school will have no playground for the time being.
这所新学校将暂时没有操场。

If one does not have respect for oneself, one can’t expect others to respect him.
如果一个人不能自重，那么就别指望别人尊敬他。

Nobody knows the age of the earth for certain.没有人确切知道地球的年龄。

〔六〕From
1. [表示起点]从……〔起〕
2. [表示来源]自，从……中
3. [表示根据]据，从……
4. [表示原因、动机]出于
5. [表示原料]由
6. [表示情况、状态的转变]从
7. [表示脱离、离开]离 8. [表示去除、免掉、阻止等] 9. [表示识别、区别]
10. [后接副词或介词短语]从
different from 与……不同
absent from 缺席
safe from 安全
remote from 远离……
free from 免受……
separate…from 把……分离
protection from 保护，保卫
retire ment from 退休
die from〔因受伤、饥寒等〕死亡
discourage…from 劝……不做
keep…from 使……不做〔某事〕
prohibit…from 禁止，阻止
distant from 远离
recover from 恢复，康复
hear from 接到……的信〔或电报等〕
distinct from 有差别
stop…(from) 劝阻……不
from bad to worse 每况愈下，愈来愈坏
from first to last 始终，一直
from now on 自现在起
recover from 复原
absence from 缺席，不在场
relief from 消除，免除
prevent… (from) 阻止
differ from 与……不同，相异
dismiss…from 解雇，使……离职
infer…from 从……推论出
protect…from 保护……以免
resign from 辞职
suffer from 受……之苦
tell…from 把……与……区分开来
from a distance 从远处，远远地
from the heart 诚心诚意地
from the first 从一开始
例如：
From the first I disliked him.
从一开始我就不喜欢他。

The number of people suffering from heart disease has increased.
患心脏病的人数已经上升了许多。

Allen and I are in the same history class, but his assignment is different from mine.
爱伦和我在同一个历史班，但他的作业跟我的不同。

I thank you from the heart.
我衷心感谢你。

We are prohibited from smoking on school grounds.
我们不准在校园内吸烟。

It is difficult to think of Hong Kong island as distinct from Kowloon.
很难设想某某岛与九龙会有什么差别。

Sports and games make our bodies strong, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy.
运动和游戏能使我们的体魄强壮，防止过胖，保持健康。

〔七〕In
1. [表示地点、场所、部位]在……〔里面〕
2. [表示时间]在…期间，在……以后
3. [表示过程]在……过程中
4. [表示X围、领域]在……方面
5. [表示状态、情况]处在……中
6. [表示职业、活动]从事于，参加
7. [表示地位、形式、方式等]以，按照，符合于
8. [表示表达方式、手段、原材料等]以，用
9. [表示数量、程度、比例]按，以
10. [表示服饰]穿着，戴着 11. [表示方向]朝，向 12. [表示含量]在……中
13. [表示目的]作为 14. [表示动作的对象]于
assist in 帮助做某事
consist in 在于
engage in 从事，参与
give in 让步，妥协
specialize in 专攻，专门研究
take in 欺骗，收容
in addition to 除……以外
belief in 信仰，相信
delight in 以……为乐
an expert in 专家，能手
pride in 自豪
play a role in 在……方面起作用
(there’s no) sense in〔做某事没〕道理
skill in 在……的技巧、技能
a fall in 下降，减少
investment in 投资
success in 成功
successful in 在……成功
accurate in 精确
rich in 富于，盛产
absorbed in 专心于
experienced in 有经验
in the right 有理，正当
in terms of 用……术语
in case of 假使，万一
in fact 事实上
in the event of 万一
in one’s opinion 根据……见解
in bloom 开着花
in the direction of 朝……方向
in parison with 与……比较
in possession of 拥有，占有
in view of 由于，考虑到
in any event 无论如何
in the course of 在……过程中
in short 简言之
believe in 信仰，信赖
end in 以……告终
invest…in 在……投资
succeed in 在……方面获得成功
confidence in 信任，相信
difficulty in 困难，困境
pleasure in 高兴
a rise in 上涨，增长
(there is no) point in〔做某事没〕有意义There’s no harm in 不妨
a specialist in 专家
an interest in 兴趣，关心
trouble in 苦恼，麻烦
interested in 对……感兴趣
fortunate in 有幸
constant in 对……持久
lacking in 缺乏
expert in 在……熟练
confident in 信任
in time 及时
in the interest of 为了……利益
in support of 支持，拥护
in turn 依次
in need of 需要……
in conclusion 最后，总之
in stock 存货
in effect 实际上
in respect of 关于，涉及
in connection with 与……相关
in circles 毫无进展，兜圈子
in touch with 和……接触
例如：
We hoped that we should have confidence in each other again.
我们希望我们应再次彼此信任。

In conclusion, I shall not accept the invitation.
总之，我是不会接受邀请的。

We must give up this plan for we are lacking in funds.
我们必须放弃这一计划，因为我们缺少资金。

This shop specializes in tea and coffee.
这家商店专营茶叶和咖啡。

He wants to have a rise in wages.
他想要增加工资。

In parison with England, Ireland has a small population.
与英格兰相比，爱尔兰人口很少。

〔八〕Into
1. [表示动作的方向]到……里面
2. [表示时间]进入到，直到
3. [表示变化]成为，转为
4. 触及
5. 从事，承担
6. [数]除
argue… into 说服……做 frighten… into 恐吓……做 run into 碰见
turn…into 把……变成 divide…into 把……分成 translate…into 把……翻译成
force…into 迫使……做 crash into 撞到……上 burst into 突然开始，闯入reason…into 说服……做 talk…into 说服……做 trick…into 诱骗……做
pull into〔把〕〔车、船等〕驶入 cut into 切入，减少，插话
change…into 把……变成 break into 突然闯入
例如：
On hearing the sad news, she burst into tears.一听到这一不幸消息，她突然哭了起来。

The taxi driver pulled into a roadside restaurant to get something to eat.
出租车司机把车开到路边饭店打算吃点东西。

They frightened the old lady into signing the contract.他们吓唬老太太签了合同。

〔九〕Of
1.〔属于〕……的
2.〔关于〕……的
3. [表示同位、相似]
4. [表示数量或种类]
5. [表示具有某种性质、内容、状况等]
6. [表示部分或全部]
7. [表示……中最突出的]
8. [表示在……方面] 9. [表示在……一方] 10. 来自……的，由……所著
11. 由于，因为 12. 由……组成〔或构成〕的 13. [表示动作的对象]
14. [表示动作的主体] 15. [表示方位、时间、距离等的X围] 16. 用于……的
worthy of 值得
tired of厌倦
considerate of 体贴
aware of 知道
conscious of 认识到
proud of 骄傲
posed of 由……组成
certain of 确信
regardless of 不管
fond of 喜爱
ashamed of 害臊
innocent of 清白，无罪
approve of 赞成，批准
consist of 由……组成
inform…of 通知
rob…of 抢劫
convince…of 使……确信
suspect…of 怀疑
sick of 厌恶，厌倦
guilty of 犯罪
ignorant of 忽视
accuse…of 控告〔某人〕
assure…of 使……确信
hear of 听说
remind…of 使想起，提醒
smell of 有……气味
speak of 谈到，提及
cure…of 治愈……病
die of 死于〔疾病、情感等〕
例如：
Mr. Green told us that he was ashamed of having a black sheep in the family.
Three students were accused of cheating in the examination.
He is worthy of the honour.
This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.
I was sick of her way of dancing.
〔十〕To
1. [表示方向、目的地、距离]到、向、离
2. [表示状态或性质的变化]趋于，倾向于
3. [表示时间]直到……为止
4. [表示程度、X围等]到，达到
5. [表示相对的位置或反应]对，面对
6. [表示接近、接触]在，紧靠着
7. [表示归属、附加]属于，加于 8. [表示比较、对比]比 9. [表示目的、意图]为了
10. [表示关联、关系]对于 11. [表示相符、适应]按照，根据 12. [表示结果]致使13. [表示动作的对象]对，于
access to 进入，通道
pay attention to 注意……
exposure to 暴露
injury to 损伤，伤害
an objection to 反对
object to 反对
dedication to 献身，热爱
resistance to 阻力，抵抗
similarity to 类似，相似
similar to 相似，相同
indifferent to 不在乎
equal to 等于
add to 增加，加强
devoted to 献身于
contrary to 违反，相反
adapt to 使习惯
belong to 属于
amount to 相当于，等于
owe…to 把……归功于
report to 报到
stick to 坚持
to a certain extent 在一定程度上
an attitude to 态度
lead to 导致
(attach) importance to 重视
a limit to限制
contribution to 贡献，捐助
a response to 反应，响应
pay a visit to 访问，拜访
grateful to 感激
prefer to 宁可，更喜欢
sentence…to 宣判
turn to 求助于
to one’s liking 合某人意
to one’s face 当面
to one’s benefit 对……有益
to one’s taste 合……胃口
to one’s satisfaction 使某人满意例如：
He answered the questions to everybody’s satisfaction.他回答了问题，使人人
都很满意。

I object to the plan on the grounds that it is too expensive.
我反对这项计划，理由是费用过于庞大。

Your puter is similar to mine.你的计算机与我的相似。

I sympathize with her only to a certain extent.我只是在一定程度上同情她。

He dedicated his life to the cause of medicine.他将一生献给了医学事业。

〔十一〕On
1. 在……上
2. 在…旁，沿着
3. 向着，对着
4. 在…时候，在……后立即
5. 根据，凭
6. 关于，论及
7. 是……成员，在……供职
8. 在从事……中，处于……情况中
9. 通过，以……的方式 10. 带在……身上
advice on 忠告，意见
an attack on 袭击，攻击
depend on 依靠，依赖
an emphasis on 强调，重点
(keep) an eye on 照看，注意
an influence on 影响
(have) mercy on 怜悯，对…表示同情
act on 对……起作用
base on 以……为基础
concentrate…on 将〔思想、精力〕集中于，全神贯注
focus on 把……集中在……上
live on 靠……生活，以……为主食
wait on 侍候 on the increase 正在增长
on bad (good) terms with 与……不友好〔友好〕
on no account 决不
on fire 着火
on average 平均说来
on the contrary 相反，反之
on behalf of 代表，为了
a ment on 评论
an effect on 对……的作用
an expert on 专家，能手
an impression on 印象，感觉
(play) a joke on 开……的玩笑
a report on 报告，汇报
research on 研究，探讨
agree on 对……取得一致意见
call on 拜访，询问
congratulate…on 祝贺
count on 依靠，指望
get on 上〔车，船等〕
insist on 坚持
operate on 给……动手术
on demand 一经请求
on guard 警戒
on the whole 总的看来，大体上
on business 因公，公事
on the basis 以……为基础
on purpose 故意地
例如：
He has done a great deal of research on that subject.
他对那个专题已经进行了大量的研究。

The house at the end of the street was on fire.
街另一头的房子着了火。

The two sides agreed on a cease-fire.
双方达成停火协议。

The total influence of literature on the course of human history is difficult to evaluate.
很难评估文学对人类历史进程的影响究竟有多大。

On the whole, he is misunderstood by most people.
总的看来，他被大多数人所误解了。

When I heard that he had passed the exam, I phoned him to congratulate him on his success.
当我听到他考试通过时，便打祝贺他的成功。

〔十二〕With
1. 和……〔一起〕
2. 在……边，赞同
3. 具有，带有，穿着
4. 作为……的成员
5. 在……身上，在……身边
6. 由……负责〔或处理〕
7. [表示同时、同一方向、同等程度]随着
8. [表示使用的工具、手段等]用
9. [表示行为方式]以……，带着 10. 由于
11. 对……，就……来说 12. [表示相对、相离] 13. 尽管
an appointment with 约会，约见
concern with 关注
(fall in) love with 爱上
crowded with 拥挤
familiar with 精通，熟悉
patient with 对……耐心
angry with 生气
popular with 受欢迎
begin with 以……开始
with ease 轻易地
deal with 处理，对付
charge…with 控告，指责
provide…with 装备，供给
with an eye to 着眼于
with regard to 关于
(in) bination with 与……结合
connection with 关系，联系
contact with 接触
satisfied with 对……满意
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
busy with 忙于
friendly with 与……友好
ill with 有病
disappointed with 失望
concerned with 关心
with respect to 关于
agree with 同意〔某人的意见〕
cooperate with 与……合作
do away with 废除，取消
e up with 想出
keep up with 跟上
share…with 与……合用
with reference to 关于
例如：
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
她想出了一个增加销售额的新主意。

He kept in touch with his family while he was overseas.
他在海外时一直与家人保持着联系。

I have no connection with that firm.
我与那个公司没有关系。

介词+介词短语结构
I.from + 介词短语
1. The old man looked at me from above his glasses.
2. He addressed me from across the room.
3. Choose one from among them.
4. However, new shoots of bamboo will e up from around the roots of the old ones.
5. The little boy came out from behind the door.
6. They came from beyond the sea.
7. He heard the shouting ing from down the corridor somewhere.
8. Take the kettle off the fire.
9. We hea rd the voices from o’er the fence.
10. The snake crawled out from under the table.
II. except +介词短语
except 后常接介词 at, by, from, in, on, to,等引导的短语.
1. I never saw Mr Smith except at parties.
2. You could never have lost your way except by your own carelessness.
3. I take no orders except from the King.
4. I can take my holidays at any time except in August.
5. No admittance except on business.
6. We went no where except to school.
III. till/ until + 介词短语，后接after 引导的短语.
1. I stayed till after ten o’clock.
2. She won’t go home until after the exam.
IV. since +介词短语，后接before 引导的短语.
1. We have been waiting here since before six o’clock.
2. He has known her since before the war.
V. instead of + 介词短语
1. In warm weather he often reads under a tree instead of in the library.
2. They came by bike instead of on foot.
VI. 其他介词 +介词短语
1. We had supper at after eight o’clock yesterday evening.
2. The car travelled fifty miles in under an hour.
介词短语
一、介词和动词的固定搭配：
1、同一动词和不同介词的搭配：
look at 〔看〕look for 〔寻找〕look after〔照顾〕look over 〔检查〕look 〔a〕round 〔环视〕arrive in +大地方〔到达〕 arrive at+小地方〔到达〕hear of 〔听说〕 hear from 〔收到……的来信〕spend +钱+on sth 〔花钱做某事〕 spend+时间+〔in〕doing sth. 〔花时间做某事〕
2、同一介词和不同动词的搭配：
ask for 〔要求〕 leave for 〔动身去〕 send for 〔派人去请〕 pay for 〔付钱〕 wait for 〔等待〕 agree with sb 〔同意某人〕 begin with 〔以……开始〕help with 〔在……方面帮助〕 catch up with 〔赶上〕 get on / along with 〔与……相处〕 make friends with 〔与……交朋友〕 play with 〔玩……〕
3、其它的介词和动词的搭配：
listen to 〔听〕 e from 〔来自……〕 fall off 〔从……上摔下〕 try out 〔试验〕 knock at / on 〔敲〕prefer…to… 〔比起……来还是……好〕 learn by oneself 〔自学〕 take care of 〔照顾〕stop…〔from〕doing 〔阻止……做某事〕 help oneself to+食物〔随便吃……〕fill…with… 〔在……里装满/充满〕 laugh at 〔嘲笑〕 worry about 〔为……担心〕 write to 〔写信给……〕 try on 〔试穿、试戴〕
二、介词和形容词的常见搭配：
be good at =do well in〔在……方面好〕 be weak in〔在……方面差〕 be good for 〔对……有益〕 be bad for〔对……有害〕 be late for〔迟到〕 be sorry for〔为……遗憾，抱歉〕 be full of〔充满〕 be busy with〔忙于……〕 be angry with sb.〔对某人生气〕 be angry at/about〔for doing〕sth.〔对某事生气〕 be afraid of〔害怕〕 be interested in〔对……感兴趣〕 be different from〔与……不同〕 be strict with sb.〔对某人严格〕 be strict in sth.〔对某事严格〕 be famous for〔因……而闻名〕be/ get ready for〔为……作好准备〕
三、许多介词和名词的固定搭配中不用“the〞等限定词：
by bike/car/bus/train/plane/air/land/road etc.
on foot〔步行〕 at night〔在晚上〕 at work〔在工作〕 at breakfast/lunch/supper 〔在吃早、午、晚饭〕 day after day〔一天又一天〕 at times〔有时〕 in surprise〔惊奇地〕 on fire〔着火〕
四、练习：
( ) 1. Mrs Green is ill. Please send ______ a doctor.
A. to
B. out
C.. with
D. for
( ) 2. Our teacher often helps us ______ our English.
A. on
B. by
C.. to
D. with
( ) 3. I prefer fish ______ chicken.
A. for
B. on
C.. to
D. than
( ) 4. They began their lessons ______ some questions yesterday.
A. with
B. at
C. on
D. from
( ) 5. Tom wants to try ______ some of his ideas.
A. on
B. off
C.. out
D. to
( ) 6. Jenny’s parents are very strict ______ her.
A. with
B. to
C.. of
D. about
( ) 7. I think Chinese food is quite different ______ American food.
A. to
B. in
C.. from
( ) 8. My brother is good ______ swimming.
A. with
B. about
C.. on
D. at
( ) 9. It’s not good to be late ______ school.
A. on
B. for
C.. in
D. to
( ) 10. Don’t read in the sun. It’s bad ______ your eyes.
A. with
B. to
C.. in
D. for
( ) 11. The radio says it will be rainy ______ times.
A. on
B. in
C.. at
D. to
( ) 12. I can’t go to sleep ______ night.
A. in
B. at
C.. on
高考英语介词热点考查内容及应对方法
请同学们先看以下高考试题及其解析：
典型题例一：
1. —How long has this bookshop been in business?
—________ 1982. (NMET 1994)
A. After
B. In
C. From
D. Since
析：D。

根据How long的语境含义及现在完成时的时态特点，该空应填Since，表示“自从〞。

2. The train leaves at 6：00 pm. So I have to be at the station ________ 5：
40 pm at the latest. (NMET 1997)
A. until
B. after
C. by
D. around
析：C。

分析语境逻辑可知，该空应填by，表示“到……为止〞。

3. —You are so lucky.
—What do you mean ________ that? (NMET 2002春季〕
A. for
B. in
C. of
D. by
析：D。

分析语境含义可知，该空应填by，表“通过〞。

4. The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1,200. This means it has risen ________ 20 percent. (NMET 1999某某)
A. by
B. at
C. to
D. with
析：A。

该空表示增长幅度，应填by。

5. The sunlight came in ________ the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room. (NMET 2001某某)
A. through
B. across
C. on
D. over
析：A。

该空表示通过〔窗户〕，应填through。

6. Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain ________ an inch. (NMET 2002某某)
A. by
B. at
C. to
D. from
析：A。

该空表偏离幅度，应填by。

总结归纳：以上各题都是根据语境填入适当的介词。

高考英语试题常设置特定语境考查热点介词的用法，这些介词常表示时间、手段、幅度、动作等。

应对方法：认真分析语境逻辑推断空档含义，根据空档含义及语境选择适当的介词。

典型题例二：
1. Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard —________, you failed. (NMET 1999)
A. in the end
B. after all
C. in other words
D. at the same time
析：C。

空档前后内容含义相同，应填in other words。

2. For miles around me there was nothing but a desert, without a single plant or tree ________. (NMET 1997某某)
A. in sight
B. on earth
C. at a distance
D. in place
析：A。

该空表示视野X围之内，应填in sight。

3. —You seem to show interest in cooking.
—What? ________, I’m getting tired of it. (NMET 2000某某春季)
A. On the contrary
B. To the contrary
C. On the other hand
D. To the other hand
析：A。

由What? 和I’m getting tired of it.的语境含义及逻辑可知，该空表示否定含义，应填On the contrary。

总结归纳：以上三道题都是根据语境填介词短语。

高考英语试题常设置特定语境考查热
点介词短语的用法，这些介词短语常以介词+宾语的形式出现。

应对方法：分析语境逻辑推断空档含义，再根据空档含义及语境背景选择适当的介词短语。

典型题例三：
1. We offered him our congratulations ____ __ his passing the college entrance exams. (NMET 1993)
A. at
B. on
C. for
D. of
析：B。

congratulate或congratulations后常与on连用，表示“对……祝贺〞。

2. I wanted two seats ________ Madame Curie for Friday night, so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets. (NMET 1998某某)
A. of
B. about
C. to
D. for
析：D。

……比赛 / 电影 / 戏剧的座位，应用...seat for...。

总结归纳：以上两道题都是根据短语搭配填介词。

高考英语试题设置特定语境考查考生根据短语搭配确定特定介词的能力，这些短语常以名词 + 介词形式出现。

应对方法：根据短语搭配的需要，结合语言环境确定适用的介词。

典型题例四：
1. ________ production up by 60%, the pany has had another excellent year. (NMET 2000)
A. As
B. For
C. With
D. Through
析：With + 名词 + 副词构成独立主格结构，作原因状语，应选C。

2. The home improvements have taken what little there is ________ my spare time. (NMET 2001)
A. from
B. in
C. of
D. at
析：C。

have taken what little there is ________ my spare time可化简为have taken little ________ my spare time。

显然，应填of，表示所有格。

3. The suit fitted him well ________ the colour was a little brighter. (NEMT 2000某某春季)
A. except for
B. except that
C. except when
D. besides
析：B。

分析语境含义可知，该空表示“除了〞，the colour was a little brighter 为宾语从句且含义已完整，因此应使用无义连词that。

总结归纳：以上三道题都是根据句子结构填介词。

高考英语试题还设置特定语境考查考生根据句子结构确定特定介词的能力，这种试题常将含介词的固定结构进行变形重组，因而具有较强的创新性。

应对方法：分析句子结构结合适当语境确定适用的介词。

典型题例五：
1. And I can’t forget the food you cooked for __I__. (NMET 1995短文改错)
析：for为介词，后面应接宾格人称代词，I应改为me。

2. I look forward to hear from you soon. (NMET 1994短文改错)
析：look forward to中的to是介词，后面应接动名词，hear应改为hearing。

3. I wanted to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays. (NMET 1995短文改错)
析：for为介词，此处其后面应接动名词，have应改为having。

4. Because of so much viewing, children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (NMET 2003春季短文改错)
析：of为介词，此处其后面应接动名词，read应改为reading。

总结归纳：以上四道题都是判断介词宾语的表现形式。

高考英语短文改错题常设置特定语境考查考生对介词宾语表现形式的判断，这种试题常要求考生判断代词和动词作介词宾语的正确形式。

应对方法：增强介词后面通常要使用宾格人称代词的意识和介词后面通常要使用动名词而不使用不定式的意识。

介词for的用法
1. 表示“当作、作为〞。

如：
I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。

What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么?
2. 表示理由或原因，意为“因为、由于〞。

如：
Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。

`
Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。

Thank you for teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。

表示动作的对象或接受者，意为“给……〞“对……〔而言〕〞。

如：
3. Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。

Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。

4. 表示时间、距离，意为“计、达〞。

如：
I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。

We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。

5. 表示去向、目的，意为“向、往、取、买〞等。

如：
Let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。

I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。

I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。

6. 表示所属关系或用途，意为“为、适于……的〞。

如：
It’s time for school. 到上学的时间了。

Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。

7. 表示“支持、赞成〞。

如：
Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划?
8. 用于一些固定搭配中。

如：Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁? For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如，格林先生是一位心地善良的老师
[模拟试题]
Unit 1 单元测试题〔一〕
第一部分：听力略
第二部分：英语知识运用〔共两节，总分值45分〕
第一节：单项填空〔共15小题；每题1分，总分值15分〕
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。

21. —Will you stay at a hotel there?
—No, it is ______. I’ll have to stay with a friend.
A. too much expensive
B. much too expensive。