[英语学习]英汉翻译实用教程第13讲 汉语特殊句型的翻译

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• 2、省略”是”字 • 1）武汉是长江中下游地区的特大城市，是 湖北省的政治、经济、文化、科技中心。 • Wuhan，a metropolis situated in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River， is the political，economic，cultural， scientific and technological center of Hubei Province。 • （译文利用同位语，将第一个”是”省略）
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• 2）中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，社会生产力 水平总的还比较低。 • As the largest developing country in the world China has a relatively low level of productive forces on the whole。 • 3）工业企业效益差是当前许多矛盾的症结所在。 • All the contradictions existing in industrial enterprises today boil down to scanty economic returns。
英汉翻译实用教程第十三讲 汉语特殊句型的翻译
• 13.1 汉语“是字句”的翻译
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“是”字句在汉语中占有相当的比例，但 并非所有的”是”都是判定词，因此不能 机械地用英语的连系动词be来翻译，必 须结合语境含义译之。汉语中的”是”可 表示等同、类属、特征、存在等意义；” 是……的”含有被动意义；与”才”、” 就”、”正”等连用表示强调；”是”还 可以表示一种直观表象或结果。
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• 1、用情态助动词翻译”得”字 • 英语的情态助动词can，could，be able to可以表示 能力；may，might，can，could表示可能性，因此 可以利用它们来翻译表示能力或可能性的”得”字。 例如： • 1）她的英语讲得好。 • She can speak English well. • 2）你干得了这件事吗？ • Can you do it？
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• 3、采用英语短语“to be able to”和“to be capable of” • 1）他看得出两者的差别。 • He was able to see the difference between the two. • 2）他们什么事情都干得出来。 • They are capable of anything. • 3）他能担得起大事情。 • He is capable of great things.
• 3）这东西晒得晒不得？ • Can we dry it in the sun or not?
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• 4）这房子太贵了，但我还是买得起的。 • The house is too expensive, but I still can afford it. • 5）你到底拿得动还是拿不动？ • Can you carry this or not? • 6）这件大衣，我想今年冬天还是能应付得过去。 • I think I can make do with this coat for the winter.
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• 2）那年月，有钱人是天天过年。 • In those years，the rich people’s extravagance was such that every day was a Spring Festival. • 3）是党和政府的正确方针和政策，促进了广大农 村的经济繁荣。 • It is the correct principles and policies of our Party and Government that have promoted the economic prosperity of China’s vast rural areas。
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13.2 得”字句的翻译
• 汉语结构助词”得”一般用在动词或形容 词之后，连接补语成分，表示能力、可能 性、结果、程度等。汉语的”得”字，可 根据其语法功能，利用英语的词法或句法 手段翻译。
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13.2.1 表示能力或可能性的“得”字句
• 表示能力或可能性的“得”字句的英译处 理比较简单，基本上可以采用下列四种途 径：
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• 7）差别大得人人都看得出来。 • It is such a great difference that all will perceive it. • 8）他们要好得难舍难分。 • They are such close friends that they are almost inseparable. • 9）天气闷热得大家喘不过气来。 • It was such a hot and stuffy weather that people were out of breath.
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• 4）地板霉烂得有许多地方方不能再擦洗了。 • The floors were in so rotten a condition that many of them could not be scrubbed. • 5）不要兴奋得忘乎所以。 • Don’t be so happy as to forget everything. • 6）这个中年人壮实得像个小伙子似的。 • The middle-aged man is so strong as to look like a young man.
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• 3、译为被动语态 • 1）革命者是杀不完的。 • Revolutionaries can never be wiped out。 2）这双皮鞋是定做的。 • This pair of leather shoes are custommade。 • 3）这种装置在机械表制造工业中是很需要 的。This kind of device is much needed in the mechanical watch-making industry。
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4、采用其他情态动词或转换成祈使句 1）这件事放松不得。 This matter must be paid close attention to. 2）要取得成绩，就得努力学习。 One must study hard to achieve good results. 3）蓝子里有鸡蛋，压不得。 There are eggs in the basket. Don’t press it. 4）这太贵了，买不得。 It’s sunlight robbery. Don’t buy it.
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• 2、采用“too…to”, “too…for…”, “enough…to…”, “enough…for”等结构 • 1）这事挺重要，千万马虎不得。 • This business is too important to be handled casually. • 2）我详细地解释过，可他就是糊涂得不懂这个理儿。 • I have explained it in detail, but he is too stupid to understand such a truth. • 3）这事他既已应允了，我也乐得顺水推舟。 • He has already agreed to it, and I am only too glad to follow suit.
2019/2/2Βιβλιοθήκη 14• • • • • •
4）这种蘑菇吃得。 Mushrooms of this kind are edible. 5）他的字还过得去。 His handwriting is presentable. 6）房东太太毛病虽多，我还是忍得了。 The landlady is tolerable despite her many shortcomings. • 7）他说得天花乱坠，其他人也觉得计划行得通。 • He shot his mouth off, and the other people also took it for granted that the plan was workable.
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• 4、根据”是”的实际意义翻译 • 1）创新是一个民族进步的灵魂。Innovation sustains the progress of a nation。 • 2）这是大势所趋，人心所向。 • This represents the general trend of development and the common aspiration of the people. • 3）澳门问题的圆满解决，是中葡两国关系史上的一个重 要里程碑。 • The successful settlement of the Macao question marks an important milestone in the annals of Sino-Portuguese relation. • 4）这个增长速度是指导性的，是就全国来说的。 • This growth rate serves as a guide which applies to the country as a whole。
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• 2、用词法手段翻译”得”字 • 英语的后缀－ible，－able构成的词语可以表示能 力或可能性，因此也可利用这类词翻译”得”字。 例如： • 1）有些星星肉眼都看得很清楚。 • Some stars are quite visible to the unaided eye. • 2）这个人靠得住吗？ • Is the man reliable？ • 3）这个道理讲得通。 • The reason is acceptable.
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• 1、译为英语连系动词 be • 1）改革是振兴中国的唯一出路，是人心所 向，大势所趋，不可逆转。 • Reform is the only process through which China can be revitalized，a process which is irreversible and which accords with the will of the people and the general trend of events.
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13.2.2表示程度或结果的“得”字句
• 表示程度或结果的“得”字句的英译处理 就相对要复杂一些，下面列举一些常见的 处理方法：
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• 1、采用“so…that…”, “so…as to…”, “such…that…”等结构 • 1）这孩子玩电子游戏机玩得心都野了。 • The child is so crazy about electronic games that he just can’t take his mind off them. • 2）这件事愁得他夜不安枕。 • He was so worried about it that he hardly slept a wink at night. • 3）他酒喝得太多了，一下子就醉了。 • He drank so much that he soon got drunk.
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• 5）译为but it is（was）… • 这个故事好是好，就是长了点。 • It is a good story all right，but it’s a bit too long.
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• 6）用there be结构翻译表示”凡是”的” 是”字是重活，他都抢着干。 • Whenever there’s a tough job，he is always the first to do it.