阅读还原-【寒假自学课】2024年八年级英语寒假提升学与练(人教版)

第12讲阅读还原
目录
新知导航：熟悉题型，心中有数
技巧精讲：典型例题，掌握技巧
小试牛刀：考点剖析，过关检测
培优精练：好题新题，培优提升
一、题型分析
题量：5道题，每道题目1至2分，共计5至10分。

题型：根据文章内容从5至7个选项中(例如：江西省七选五；河南省、福建等省五选五），选出5项填入文中相应的空白处，使补全后的文章意思通顺，前后连贯。

话题：题材广泛，包括服饰、日常生活、娱乐与媒体、饮食、医疗健康与运动、爱好、住房与家庭等。

考点：主要考查考生对文章架构、整体内容和篇章衔接知识的运用。

二、解题步骤
第一步：速读全文，理解文章大意和结构。

阅读过程中要注意文章的开头与结尾。

首段对快速把握文章主题具有重要意义，作者往往会在开篇提出话题，点明文章主要探讨的内容。

如果首段没有提到文章主题，则应快速浏览各段首句和结尾句，从而把握文章主要内容。

第二步：细读文章,寻找解题线索。

浏览全文，明确文章主题后,应仔细阅读全文，标记出空格前后句子中的解题线索，如语意逻辑线索、核心词汇线索、代词线索等，再从备选项中寻找相关联的线索。

对于一时拿不准的空格，可暂时搁置一边，继续往下读，读完整篇文章,清楚文章的主旨、段落之间的逻辑关系之后，再回过头做剩下的题目。

第三步：代入选项，检查上下文语意是否合乎逻辑。

完成选项后，应通读全文，检查上下句语意是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题、语篇结构是否合乎逻辑。

最后，还应注意分析排除的干扰项，确保排除的选项与文章主题和空格前后语句没有关联。

三、答题技巧
第一点：答题前应先速读全文，理解文章主旨和文章框架。

切忌边看文章边作答。

第二点：作答时应先细读每个选项，注意填的选项与上下文语意是否衔接、逻辑是否连贯。

第三点：每选择一个选项，都要确保其他选项均不能填入该空格处。

第四点：作答完成后，还应再次通读全文，检查所填的选项是否正确。

四、解题策略
1.根据空格位置解题
(1)当空格设在段首时，空格处可能是段落主题句。

此时，考生应仔细阅读段落内容，选择与段落大意一致的选项。

此外，空格处还可能是过渡句，起承上启下的作用。

这种情况下，考生需要瞻前顾后，即阅读上一段结尾部分及空格后面内容，寻找能将前后内容衔接起来的过渡句。

(2)当空格设在段中时，空格处多填过渡性句子或细节句。

这种情况下，空格处往往与上下文存在某种语意逻辑关系，如转折关系、因果关系、递进关系。

这时应仔细阅读前后句子，根据文中关键词，在备选项中寻找语意、逻辑与之关联的选项。

(3)当空格设在段尾时，空格处通常是概括性的结论，这时应注意查找包含结论、总结的选项，如therefore、as a result、so等表达。

2.根据逻辑线索解题
语篇是连贯的，换言之，语篇之所以不是一堆散乱的语言片段，是因为组成语篇的各部分(段落、句子、短语等)之间具有一定的逻辑语意关系。

语篇中的各种逻辑关系通过一些标志词体现，牢牢抓住这些逻辑关系词，问题往往可迎刃而解。

以下是一些表示逻辑关系的标志词：
(1)表示转折让步关系：but、yet、however、although、instead、though、while、whereas、despite等。

(2)表示并列递进关系：and、or、also、besides、even、similarly、in the same way、meanwhile、furthermore、moreover等。

(3)表示因果关系：therefore、thus、as a result、for this reason、of course等。

(4)表示解析、举例关系：for example、for instance、that is to say、in other words、that means等。

3.巧用代词线索解题
代词用于指代上文提及的人、事物或整句话。

空格前后、选项中出现代词时，应查找到具体代指的内容，代入选项后检查前后语意是否连贯、合乎逻辑。

巧用代词线索，不仅有助于提高解题速度，而且有助于提高答题的准确率。

命题点分类
命题点1 根据承上启下关系推断
[例1] Suppose you’re in London and trying to find the bus to take you to Hyde Park. This should be easy. But if you can’t speak the language, it can be a problem. What will you do ?
Know the place you want to go.
You can always tell others the name of the place where you w ant to go…Whatever it is, if you do a little homework to remember its name, you can ask the way much more easily.
A. Here is some advice on how to ask the way in a foreign country.
B. Take a map or a picture.
[例2] What is health? “Health” means eating well, getting enough exercise, and having a healthy weight. Let’s read the following rules.
1. Eat different kinds of foods, especially fruit and vegetables.
We all know that eating fruit and vegetables can help us stay healthy, …Remember that we ca n only get the nutrition(营养) we need by eating different kinds of foods, especially fruit and vegetables.
A. They include a lot of sugar.
B. They can help you keep healthy.
[例3] You’ve been learning words since you were a tiny baby. At first, you learned t hem only by hearing other people talk. Now that you’re a reader, you have another way to learn words. What should you do when you come to a word and you think you don’t know what it means?
Say it
First, sound it out. Then say it to yourself. … Sometimes you know a word in your head but you don’t know what it looks like in print. So if you match up what you know and what you read ─ you have the word!
A. You can find the word in a dictionary.
B. Following some easy steps can help you.
命题点2 根据并列递进关系推断
[例] Volunteering allows volunteers to meet new people, try out new skills and explore career choices. Take Andrew Makhoul, a student at the University of Pennsylvania, as an example. Andrew didn’t spend his last spring break relaxing. Instead, the 19-year-old boy decided to do something for people who were less lucky than himself. He travelled to an orphanage(孤儿院) in Guatemala in Central American…And it depends on volunteers to stay open.
A. It is a chance for poor children to get better care and support.
B. For young adults, valuable lessons may also be learned through volunteering.
命题点3 根据转折关系推断
[例1] You may have already forgotten the days when you had to learn how to use chopsticks. Every Chinese kid struggles with them for some time. They come with their own special rules and traditions.
A. How Chinese kids learn to use chopsticks?
B. But chopsticks are not just simple tools to pick up food.
[例2] When you are a teenager, it seems that every time you say, “I want to…” , your parents
an swer, “ No, you can’t.” Teenagers often think they should be allowed to make their own
decisions, .
Li Hai, a 15-year-old boy from Huarong, is a middle school student. He is often late for school because he stays up too late… Unless he arrives at sc hool on time, he will be punished by his teacher.
A. he will argue with his father or mother
B. but their parents may worry about children’s development
命题点4 同词复现
[例1] Li Enhui said in an interview, “As long as we are alive, there are no problems that cann ot be solved, and many people don’t have my experiences. Such an idea makes many adults feel embarrassed.
A. “Poor students” are usually hard-working and caring.
B. And these experiences make me grow and become better.
[例2] Stay clean. No one likes a bad smell that could knock someone over. Shower every day, brush your teeth and wash your hair. 1
Be respectful of people’s differences.
2 And everyone believes in different things. It is a good thing to have different friends with different opinions because you can each share your own.
A. Starting a new life might make you excited.
B. Everyone has his or her own opinion of the world.
C. You are supposed to make yourself look clean and tidy, whatever you wear.
[例3] The most important way to manage your time is to set priorities(优先权). Also, consider whether or not they are urgent —if they need to be done right away. It can be easy to forget important tasks that aren’t urgent, so make time for them.
A. That way I can make sure I don’t f orget anything.
B. Figure out which of your task is the most important.
[例4]◆Create a comfortable reading space.
Choose a special place with right furnishings(装饰)，blankets and pillows for your children and put a bookcase of your children’s books. 1 If your children feel like they have got their own special place for reading, they will probably spend time in their little space with all their new favorite books.
◆ 2
If you want your children to learn to love reading, set aside a few minutes ever y day to read together, no matter how busy you are.
A. Set aside time to read together.
B. Reading together is the perfect way to relax before bedtime.
C. This special place may push your children to start to love reading.
命题点5 根据同畴词推断
As one of the world top universities, Stanford has many subjects that stand among the top ones in the world. 1 If you want to study computer in a university abroad, maybe it is your best choice.
A. The tallest building in Stanford is Hoover Tower.
B. And computer science has been the first for many years.
（一）
Do you think that you are not outgoing enough? Are you too shy to make friends? 1 They will help you.
Feel comfortable.
Always be clean. Take a shower, brush your teeth, and try to look nice. Dress in clean clothes. 2 Then your friends will like you very much.
3
Try to smile more often at people. It will make them think that you are friendly. Then people want to talk to you more even if they don’t know you.
Just talk.
Some people worry about talking because they think, “What am I going to talk about with that person?” 4 They just go up to people and say what they think.
Listen to people.
You can’t just talk all the time. You have to listen to others and give your ideas. Let them know you care about them.
Read the news.
5 Surf the Internet for news and information, and talk about them when you are with your friends.
A．They must make you feel good and comfortable.
B．Don’t just stay at home and do nothing.
C．Listen to your friends when they are talking.
D．Outgoing people don’t even think about it.
E．Read the following rules.
F．Smile more often.
（二）
I’m Carol. Becky is my best friend. She is tall and thin with long curly hair.
6 One day, I was eating lunch in the dining hall. I was not careful and knocked over(打翻) my soup.
I got my clothes wet. Other students laughed at me but Becky didn’t. What did she do? She helped me make my clothes clean. It really touched my heart. 7
I like Becky, though we are different in some ways. She is very funny, but I’m a little shy. She works harder than me, so she always gets good points. Betty likes writing and dancing, but I like playing the piano. Both of us like sports. Becky plays tennis very well, and she always wins tennis games. I am good at badminton. Becky has a large family. I have a small one. She has two dogs. I don’t like dogs. Becky’s family is poor. 8 I only speak English. Becky can speak English and Chinese.
9 Every Saturday, I go to Becky’s house, or she comes to my house. Becky’s mother and my mother don’t have much in common. However, they don’t mind driving us to each other’s home so that we can play together.
Becky shares everything with me. 10
根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。

A．Then we became good friends.
B．My parents have a lot of money.
C．I have many good friends at school.
D．I first met her in the school dining hall.
E．How lucky I am to have a friend like her.
F．Becky lives in another town not far from mine.
（三）
I grew up in the countryside. I learned to cook at the age of about 10. My first time to cook was making dough （面团）. I thought it would be easy — just mix water with flour. But it turned to be different. First I made the dough too soft. 11 But as I kept trying, I learned how to make it more successfully. Later, I cooked dishes and things like dumplings. I fell in love with cooking. It’s a good way to relax. Now working at home, I cook every meal instead of ordering delivery （外卖）. 12 Besides cooking, I did a lot of farm work in my childhood.
13 It was hard work, but I learned a lot.
14 But they can’t bring you the joy of learning knowledge directly. They bring a new way to look at the world. You’ll think everything on your plate is important.
I’m happy to know that there is labor education（劳动教育）in primary and middle schools in China. Students in primary and middle schools have at least one class every week to learn simple household skills like cooking and cleaning. 15 And you will be thankful for these skills in the future.
A．Then I made it too hard.
B．I am too busy to cook meals.
C．I know how to plant vegetables.
D．It saves money and is good for my health.
E．These skills will help you for the rest of your life.
F．Someone might say we can learn these from books.
（一）
What is Chinese New Year?
Chinese New Year is celebrated every year by Chinese people. It is the longest and the most important holiday for a lot of Asian countries such as China, Singapore, and Malaysia. 1 Many people visit their local Chinatown (唐人街) to join in the activities for it.
Chinese New Year doesn’t happen on the same day each year, and it is not on what you might know as New Year’s Day (January 1). It usually falls somewhere between January 21st and February 19. 2 What are the celebrations?
There are many traditions for a Chinese New Year. One of them is red envelopes. 3 In Chinese culture, it means good luck and happiness. People give each other money in small and red envelopes. It is usually older people who give them to the young. Lion and dragon dances are very traditional, too. The performers are usually under the lion and dragon costumes. They dance with loud music to chase(驱赶) away bad luck. 4 Food is very important at this time of the year. Chicken and prawns represent(代表) happiness. 5 People also eat dumplings for good luck. Like Christmas, friends and family all get together to eat and enjoy the happy time with each other.
A．It will be the year of the rabbit.
B．The dances are very fun to watch.
C．Noodles are a symbol of long life.
D．The color red is very lucky to the Chinese.
E．In 2024, Chinese New Year falls on February 10th.
F．The festival is also popular all over the world.
（二）
The Laba Festival is on the 8th day of the 12th lunar month. 6 This tradition could go back to the Song Dynasty (960 — 1279). From the imperial court (宫廷) to every family, cooking Laba Rice Porridge (粥) was a seasonal must. They not only cooked the dish for their own family members, but also sent it to others as a gift. 7
So Laba Rice Porridge was also called “Longevity Blessing Porridge”(寿福粥) and “Virtue Blessing Porridge” (德福粥).
Now, every family would still cook Laba Rice Porridge on this day. They usually make it with different kinds of rice, beans (豆类), nuts (坚果) and dried fruits. Do you know how to make it? 8
First, wash the rice and beans in water.
Next, put them into a pot. 9
Then, cook it for one and a half hours over low heat.
10
Finally, Turn off the heat after another 30 minutes.
Now, it’s time to enjoy the delicious Laba Rice Porridge.
A．Pour some water into it.
B．Here is one way to make Laba Rice Porridge.
C．They thought this would make them lucky and have a long life.
D．Then all family members would get together to have the porridge.
E．After that, wash the nuts and dried fruit, and put them into the pot.
F．People usually cook and have Laba Rice Porridge on this day to celebrate this festival.
（三）
Yesterday was Thursday. It was Lisa’s birthday. She invited her friends Jet and Selena to her birthday party. Jet has s car. 11
It was raining. Selena waited for Jet in front of the house. At that time, Jet gave her a call. 12 Then Selena decided to go to Lisa’s house by taxi. But there was no taxi on the street.
Later she walked to the bus station. It started to rain hard and she felt a little cold. A bus passed(经过) just one minute ago. 13 She felt cold and tired. She fell asleep(入睡) after she got on the bus so she didn’t get off at the right stop.
Selena got off at the next stop and walked to Lisa’s house. 14 Lisa told her how to go there. At last, she arrived at Lisa’s house. 15 The party was over. Her friends all went back home.
A．She had to wait at the bus station.
B．But she didn’t find the way to Lisa’s house.
C．He said he would take Selena to the party by car.
D．But she was too late for the party.
E．He said he had something important to do, so he couldn’t go to the party.
F．She arrived at Lisa’s house on time.
（四）
In the past, many old Chinese stories with a main woman character were either about love or god (神) such as Nu Wa Repairs the Sky (《女娲补天》) , Change Flew to the Moon, and Butterfly Lovers (《梁祝》) . Mulan described a different story about a woman. 16
Mulan was from a village, and she had to take her father’s place to join the army. 17 But some people may wonder why she could stay in the army for so many years, and no one found out she was a woman! 18 Well, if this story is real, then one reason I can think of is that Mulan might look like a man. This could help her join the army easily because the army surely wanted young people more than old people.
19 Mulan may or may not be a real person, but she surely is a symbol of many women joining the army and fighting for the country. In the past, people always thought men had to do more work. 20 Maybe the writer wanted to say that women could do the same things as men or even do better than men!
A．Mulan touched our hearts because of it.
B．But Mulan was a woman character in the story.
C．So I always wonder if she was a real person in history.
D．And it’s not about the love between men and women.
E．It tells people how women can be more successful than men.
F．Although the story may be not true, it shows many people’s wishes to fight for the country and their families.。