英语词汇学

E.g. 1) work, workable, worker, worked, working 2) contain, detain, retain 3) conceive, deceive, receive 4) revive, vitamin, vital, vivacious, vivid 1) work, workable, worker, worked, working (free) 2) contain, detain, retain tain= tenere (L) = to hold (bound) 3) conceive, deceive, receive ceive= capere (L) = to take (bound) 4) revive, vitamin, vital, vivacious, vivid vit, viv = life / to live (bound) back
现代英语词汇学概论
Lexicology
What is the longest word in English?
Smiles honorificabilitudinitatibus ---- The longest word used by Shakespear (in Love’s Labour lost) consists of 27 letters, meaning “with no honourableness”) floccinaucinihilipilification ---- The longest word in the Oxford English Dictionary contains 29 letters, which was first used in 1741 and later by Sir Walter Scott, meaning “deciding something is worthless”)
E.g. invent → invention describe → description justify → justification modernize → modernization expand → expansion decide → decision omit → omission back
Bound morpheme: cannot stand by itself as a complete utterance appear with at least one other morpheme, free or bound E.g. receive re-ceive
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How does a free morpheme or a bound morpheme form a word? E.g. green, greenhouse, greenness, disagreeable, receive, encyclopedia green (free) green-house (free + free) green-ness (free + bound) dis-agree-able (bound + free + bound) re-ceive (bound + bound) en-cyclo-pedia (bound + bound + bound) Note: A free morpheme is a word. back
E.g. disagreeable disagreeable (by letter) dis · a · gree · a · ble (by syllable) dis + agree + able (by morpheme) What is the difference between “morpheme” and “syllable”? Syllable: has nothing to do with meaning Morpheme: two-facet →both sound and meaning
What is “free morpheme”?
Free morpheme: one that can be uttered alone with meaning A free morpheme is a word. E.g. green, red, write, faith
What is “bound morpheme”?
Chapter 2 Morphological Structure of English Words 英语词汇的形态结构 2.1 Morphemes 词素 /语素/ 形位 2.2 Classification of Morphemes 词素分类
How is an English word formed?
Vital: necessary in order to stay alive -al: pertaining to = have a connection with vital = having a connection with life Vivacous: adj. apprec. full of life and high spirits; lively -ous: full of vivacous = full of life (energy) Vivid: producing sharp clear pictures in the mind; lifelike -id: having a certain quality vivid = having a certain quality of life
2.2.2 Roots and Affixes 词根与词缀
Questions:
1. What is “root ”? The classification of “root”? 2. What is “affix ”? The classification of “affix”? What are the differences between “inflectional affixes” and “derivational affixes”? 3. In what two ways are derivational affixes classified? back
Importance of knowledge about roots
Help analyze and understand many words almost on sight. Help clarify the meaning of many English words.
What is “affix ”?
2.2 Classification of Morphemes 词素分类 1. Free Morphemes and Bound Morphemes 自由词素与粘着词素 2. Roots and Affixes 词根与词缀
2.2.1 Free Morphemes and Bound Morphemes 自由词素与粘着词素 Questions: 1. What is “free morpheme”? 2. What is “bound morpheme”? 3. How does a free morpheme or a bound morpheme form a word?
Affix: a collective term for the type of formative that can be used when added to another morpheme
praetertransubstantiationalistically --- Contermporary novelist Mark McShane used a long word of 36 letters in his novel Untimely Ripped, meaning:”the act of surpassing the act of transubstantiation”. (“超过化体的行为”---”化体”指耶酥的肉和血化为圣餐的面包和葡萄 酒) [preit tr ns bst ei n] pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis ( 肺尘病)----The longest word in the Webster Third International Dictionary consists of 45 letters, referring to a miner’s lung disease. [ ju:m n u m ]
Morpheme= morph + eme form + the smallest unit Morpheme: the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language smallest: not divisible into smaller forms meaningful: carry meaning (lexical and grammon denationalization= de + nation + al + iz + ation A morpheme is a two-facet language unit: sound and meaning back
Osseocarnisanguineoviscericartilagininerv omedullary --- The longest English word is commonly considered to be a word used by Thomas Love Peacock in his novel Headlong Hall(大客厅), which consists of 51 letters, used to describe the structure of the human body.
What is “root ”?
Root: the basic unchangeable part of a word, conveying the main lexical meaning of the word.
The classification of “root”?
1. Free root (自由词根) 2. Bound root（粘着词根）
Allomorphs: various shapes or forms of a morpheme do not differ in meaning or function conditioned by position or adjoining sounds back
E.g. book → books /-s/ pig → pigs /-z/ horse → horses /-iz/ E.g. perfect, responsible, logical, flexible perfect → imperfect responsible → irresponsible logical → illogical flexible → inflexible
2.1 Morphemes词素 /语素/ 形位
1. The Definition of “Morphemes” 词素的概念 2. Allomorphs 词素变体 back
2.1.1 The Definition of “Morphemes”
词素的概念
Questions: 1. What is “Morpheme”? What is the relation between “morpheme” and “word”? * 2. What are “Allomorphs” *