专业英语四级(完形填空)模拟试卷285(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语四级（完形填空）模拟试卷285(题后含答案及解析)
题型有： 4. CLOZE
PART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY.
A. commercial
B. composes
C. consists
D. convenience
E. decrease
F. discrimination
G. distinction
H. economically
I. emotionally
J. financial
K. indifference
L. integrate
M. separation
N. strong
O. weak In some countries, societal and familial treatment of the elderly usually reflects a great degree of independence and individualism. Their 【C1】______ support is often provided by social security or welfare systems, which 【C2】______ dependence on their family. Additionally, older people may seek their own friends rather than become too 【C3】______ dependent on their children. Senior citizens centers provide a means for peer-group association within one’s own age groups. There are problems, however, with growing old, in the United States. Glorification of youth and 【C4】______ to the aged have left many older people alienated and alone. Some families send their older relatives to nursing homes rather than 【C5】______ them into the homes of the children or grandchildren. This 【C6】______ of the elderly from the young has contributed to the isolation of an increasingly large segment of society. On the other hand, there are many older people who choose to live in retirement communities where they have the companionship of other older people and 【C7】______ of many recreational and social activities close to home. The treatment of the elderly can be further understood by distinguishing between nuclear and extended family structures. In the United States the nuclear family, which 【C8】______ of the father, the mother, and the children, is considered “the family”. The extended family, common in other cultures, includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces, and children in law. The 【C9】______ between the nuclear and extended family is important because it suggests the extent of family ties and obligations. In extended families the children and parents have 【C10】______ ties and obligations to relatives. It is common in these families to support older family members, to have intensive contact with relatives, and to establish communal housing.
1．【C1】
正确答案：J
解析：空格处应填入形容词，修饰名词support“支持”。

根据该空格后的“社会保险体系或福利体系”可推断出为老人提供的是经济上的支持，故J项financial “财政的，金融的”正确。

commercial“商业的，商务的”与“社会保险体系或福利体系”无关联，故排除。

知识模块：完形
2．【C2】
正确答案：E
解析：空格所在从句中缺少谓语，因此空格处应填入动词。

社会保险体系或福利体系(social security or welfare systems)能减少老年人对家庭的依赖，decrease “减少”符合语义，故选E。

知识模块：完形
3．【C3】
正确答案：I
解析：空格所在句结构完整，因此推测空格处应填入副词。

空格前提到，老年人可以找自己的朋友，这是老年人寻找精神情感上的支撑，故选I项emotionally “感情上地”。

economically“经济地”没有跟“老年人可以寻找自己的朋友”形成呼应，而且前面已讲到社会保险体系或福利体系提供了经济支持，故排除。

知识模块：完形
4．【C4】
正确答案：K
解析：…to the aged与Glorification of youth并列，故空格处应填入与Glorification并列的名词。

youth与the aged反义，故空格处名词也跟Glorification “推崇，赞美”相反，indifference“漠不关心”符合语义，与“使很多老年人疏离人群，倍加孤单”相对应，故选K。

discrimination“歧视”一般后接against，不跟to连用，故排除。

知识模块：完形
5．【C5】
正确答案：L
解析：本句中send their older relatives to…与…them into…并列，由rather than “而非”连接，空格处应填入及物动词原形，且能与into搭配。

这些家庭把年老的长辈送到养老院，即把老人与孩子分隔开来，rather than提示填入空格处的词意思与“分隔”相反，integrate符合语义，integrate sb．into…意为“把某人融入……”，故选L。

知识模块：完形
6．【C6】
正确答案：M
解析：空格应填入指示代词This修饰的名词。

This提示此处回指上一句，上一句提到有些家庭将老人送到养老院，这是一种把老年人隔离的做法，separation“分离，分开”符合语义，与空格后的the isolation“隔离，孤立”相呼应，故选M。

知识模块：完形
7．【C7】
正确答案：D
解析：空格处应填入与companionship并列的名词，作动词have的宾语。

本句末尾提到close to home“离家很近”，因此这些娱乐及社交活动是很便利的，convenience“便利”符合语义，故选D。

知识模块：完形
8．【C8】
正确答案：C
解析：空格所在从句缺少谓语，因此空格处应填入动词，且能与of搭配。

which在此指代the nuclear family“核心家庭”，根据该空格后的三个家庭成员可知，此处应表示“由……组成”，consists of可表此义，故C正确。

composes也能表示“组成”，但需用被动结构be composed of来表达，可从用法上予以排除。

知识模块：完形
9．【C9】
正确答案：G
解析：空格前的定冠词The提示空格处应填入名词。

句中提到，因为这意味着家庭纽带关系与义务，因而需要对“核心家庭”与“大家庭”做出区分，distinction “差别”符合语义，故G为答案。

知识模块：完形
10．【C10】
正确答案：N
解析：空格处应填入形容词或名词，修饰ties and obligations。

下一句提到，在这样的家庭中，抚养老年家庭成员、与亲戚密切联系以及共住在一起是很平常的事情。

下一句中these families指代本句的extended families，由此可知在大家庭中孩子与父母及亲戚之间有很亲密的关系和很强的责任感，strong符合语义，故选N。

weak“弱的”为反向干扰，与下一句语义上无法衔接，故排除。

知识模块：完形
A. associated
B. completed
C. daily
D. data
E. disharmony
F. encounter
G. especially
H. nevertheless
I. phenomena
J. positive
K. presented
L. regular
M. restless
N. track
O. uttered Marriage may improve your sleep, and better sleep may improve your marriage, two new studies suggest. Women who are married or who have stable partners appear to sleep better than women who have lost a partner, according to research from an eight-year study 【C1】______ at the Associated Professional Sleep Societies annual meeting. They also found that marital happiness lowers the risk of sleep problems, while marital 【C2】______ heightens the risk and women who were single at the start of the study but gained a partner had more 【C3】______ sleep than women who were already married. The study included 360 middle-aged women. Researchers used in-home sleep studies, activity monitors to 【C4】______ sleep-wake patterns and
relationship histories to look at the effect of stable marriages, unstable marriages and marital changes, such as a divorce had on sleep. Another small study of 29 couples found that on a 【C5】______ basis, the quality of a couple’s relationship and the quality of their sleep are closely linked. In that study, from the University of Arizona, 29 couples who shared a bed and did not have children 【C6】______ sleep and relationship diaries for fifteen days. The results showed that when men get better sleep, they are more likely to feel 【C7】______ about their relationship the next day. And for women, problems in the relationship were strongly 【C8】______ with poor sleep for both themselves and their partner. The 【C9】______ from both studies suggest that sleep and relationship happiness are closely linked. The lesson for couples, 【C10】______ those who are struggling with problems, is that paying attention to sleep habits may help solve other issues in the relationship.
11．【C1】
正确答案：K
解析：空格前为名词study“研究”，空格后为介词短语at the…annual meeting，再结合前面的结论“已婚或者有固定伴侣的女性似乎比失去伴侣的女性睡得更好”，可推断此处说的是在年会上发表研究结果。

词库中过去分词presented“呈现”作后置定语修饰study，符合此处语义语法要求，故选K。

知识模块：完形
12．【C2】
正确答案：E
解析：空格前为形容词marital“婚姻的”，空格后为动词第三人称单数形式heightens“增加”，可知空格处应填入一个单数名词或不可数名词作主语。

由句中关键词lowers the risk和heightens the risk以及表示对比的while可知，填入空格的词语义应与happiness相反，disharmony符合语义，即“婚姻关系不融洽”，故选E。

知识模块：完形
13．【C3】
正确答案：M
解析：more提示空格处需要填入一个形容词。

第2段首句提到，已婚或者有固定伴侣的女性睡得更好，空格处将“尚未结婚但有伴侣的女性”与“已婚女性”进行比较，因而空格处需要填入一个表消极意义的形容词，restless“焦躁不安的”代入句中，语义通顺，故选M。

知识模块：完形
14．【C4】
正确答案：N
解析：use为及物动词，常用于use sth．to do sth．的搭配，由此可判断to 为不定式标志．后面需要填入动词原形。

词库中动词track“跟踪”和encounter
“遇到，遭遇”符合此处语法要求，activity monitors“活动监测仪”可以帮助研究人员跟踪相关信息，track符合此处语义，故选N。

知识模块：完形
15．【C5】
正确答案：C
解析：空格前为不定冠词a，空格后为名词basis“基础”，可知空格处可填入形容词修饰basis，词库中语义较符合的形容词有daily和regular。

根据下一句内容29 couples who shared a bed．．．diaries for fifteen days可知，此研究是基于“夫妻持续15天的日记记录”，所以daily“每夫的”比regular“规律的”在语义上更准确，故选C。

知识模块：完形
16．【C6】
正确答案：B
解析：空格前who…have children为定语从句，先行词29 couples是主句的主语，空格后sleep and relationship diaries的中心词是名词diaries“日记”，可知空格处缺少能与diaries构成动宾结构的谓语动词。

词库中能与dairies搭配且语义符合此处语境的动词为completed“完成／写”。

知识模块：完形
17．【C7】
正确答案：J
解析：空格前为系动词feel，空格后为介词about，因此空格缺少作表语的形容词。

根据上文内容及前半句when men get better sleep，可推测男人睡得好对夫妻关系的感受应该更好，故此处应填表示褒义的形容词，符合此语义的为positive“乐观的；积极的”。

知识模块：完形
18．【C8】
正确答案：A
解析：空格前为系动词were和副词strongly，副词修饰形容词，故此处应填入一个形容词作表语。

空格后为介词with，词库中能与with搭配的形容词是associated“相关的”，语义也符合此语境，表示“夫妻关系出现问题往往与自己及伴侣睡眠糟糕紧密相关”，故选A。

知识模块：完形
19．【C9】
正确答案：D
解析：空格前为定冠词the，句中谓语动词是suggest，可知空格处应填入一个复数名词，词库中符合条件的有phenomena“现象”和data“数据”，根据常识，从研究中得出的能支撑本段结论的素材应为“数据”而非“现象”，因此排除干扰项phenomena，选D。

知识模块：完形
20．【C10】
正确答案：G
解析：空格后…those who are struggling…是对couples的进一步解释说明，具体指明哪类人需要关注睡眠习惯。

空格后those who are struggling with problems 与couples是递进关系，词库中副词especially“尤其”符合语义要求，故选G。

nevertheless表示转折或让步，可排除。

知识模块：完形。