Chapter 9 The Law of the Sea
西方文化概论-Chapter 1 -7 (复习题)
1.The word "culture" is most commonly used in three basic senses: Excellenceof taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as high culture. An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning. The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group.2.Some historians believe the West originated in the northern and easternMediterranean with ancient Greece and ancient Rome. Over time, their associated empires grew first to the east and south, conquering and absorbing many older great civilizations; later, they grew to the north and west to include Western Europe.3.Western culture is a term used to generally refer to most of the cultures ofEuropean origin and most of their descendants.4.Foundations of Western Culture are: ancient Greece (concretely Greekphilosophy), the Roman Empire (specifically Roman law), Catholic and Protestant Christianity.5.Western culture originates from 2 ancient cultures: Hellenistic culture （emphasizing rationality）and Hebraic culture （emphasizing virtue & discipline）6. 3 most noted achievements of ancient Greeks: Mythology; Architecture;philosophy.7.Greek Mythology, set of diverse traditional tales told by the ancient Greeksabout the exploits of gods and heroes and their relations with ordinary mortals.8.The Greek gods resembled human beings in their form and in their emotions.9.The Olympians refers to the twelve major gods and godd esses dwelling onMount Olympus.10.Zeus is the god of gods, the god of sky, the supreme god, the father of bothgods and men.11.Hermes (Mercury) is god of physicians and thieves; messenger of gods.12.Apollo is the sun god, the god of music, a god of prophecy.13.Dionysus is god of wine and ecstasy.14.Hephaestus is god of fire; celestial blacksmith.15.Athena is the goddess of war, wisdom and handicraft.16.Hera is queen of heaven and of the Olympians, the goddess of marriage andfamily, the protectress of married women and their legal children.17.Poseid on is the god of sea, the protector of seamen, the god of earthquakesand tsunamis.18.Had es is god of the und erworl d.19.Two of the most important of the semi historical myths involve the searchfor the Golden Fleece and the quest that led to the Trojan War.20.Aphrodite is the godd ess of l ove and beauty, the protectress of sailors.21.Heracles is a divine hero, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, stepson ofAmphitryon and great-grandson of Perseus, the greatest of the Greek heroes.22.The ancient Greek Olympic games was a religious rather than secular festival,celebrating the gods in general and Zeus in particular.23.The idiom “Pandora’s box” means the fountainhead of all evils.24.The idiom “Cupid’s arrow” signifies the magic power of love.25.“Tantalus’s torture” means permanent frustration by the sight of somethingdesired but inaccessible. It also means eternal thirst and hunger.26.The idiom “Sisyphean task” suggests everlasting fruitless hard labor.27.“The golden fleece” means very valuable thing which is rare an d verydifficult to get.28.“Golden touch” therefore refers to the magic power to change cheap metalsinto gold, or worthless junks into treasures.29.“The golden apple” or “the apple of discord” refers to the things that giverise to conflicts and strife.30.“A chilles’s heel” refers to the only part of the body that remains vulnerable.31.“Trojan horse”, or “the wooden horse” means a trap intended to underminean enemy, or subversion from inside.32.The term “Oedipus complex” was chosen by Sigmund Freud to designate ason’s feeling of love toward his mother and jealous hatred toward his father.33.“Narcissistic (personality) disorder” or “narcissism”, means the indulgencein self-admiration.34.“The sword of Damocles” on one hand signifies the impending danger, andon the other hand, indicates the precariousness of power and rank.35.Constellations: Aries (the Ram)白羊座, Taurus (the Bull)金牛座, Gemini (theTwins)双子座, Cancer (the Crab) 巨蟹座, Leo(the Lion)狮子座, Virgo (the Virgin)处女座, Libra (the Scales)天秤座, Scorpio (the Scorpion)天蝎座, Sagittarius (the Archer)射手座, Capricorn (the Goat)摩羯座, Aquarius (the Water Carrier)水瓶座, Pisces (the Fishes)双鱼座.36.Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are Classical Greek philosophers.37.Western culture originates from the Hebraic-Christian culture that isund oubtedly embodied in and found ed upon the Holy Bibl e.38.Christianity was the inheritor and the reformer of Judaism, and so theChristian Bibl e includ es the Ol d Testament and the New Testament.39.The Old Testament is the coll ection of books written prior to the life of Jesusbut accepted by Christians as scripture.40.The Torah, or "Instruction," is also known as the "Five Books" of Moses，includ es Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.41.The Torah contains the ten commandments, of God, reveal ed at Mount Sinai.42.Christianity is a monotheistic religion centered on the life and teachings ofJesus as presented in the New Testament.43.God is the eternal being who created the universe and all there is have theproperties of holiness, justice, omnipotence, omniscience, omnibenevol ence, omnipresence and immortality.44.Christians call the message of Jesus Christ the Gospel ("good news").45.The central tenet of Christianity is the belief in Jesus as the Son of God andthe Messiah (Christ).46.Christians generally believe that Jesus is God incarnation and "true God andtrue man" (or both fully divine and fully human).47.Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit and born from the Virgin Mary.48.The Eucharist (called Holy Communion, or the Lord's Supper) is the part ofliturgical worship that consists of a consecrated meal, usually bread and wine.49.Christianity was l egalized in the 4th century, when Constantine I issued anedict of tol eration in 313. From at l east the 4th century, Christianity has played a prominent rol e in the shaping of Western civilization.50.Christianity may be broadly represented as being divid ed into five maingroupings: Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthod oxy, Oriental Orthod oxy, Protestantism, Restorationism.51.Food is important to keep traditions alive as they are part of our history andour culture.52.The multitud es of food styl es of the Western society mainly result from thehistory, heritage, and geographical differences.53.A full course dinner usually consists of multipl e dishes. Usually it is mad e upof three or four courses, such as appetizer, main course and d essert.54.At the end of the meal, napkin shoul d be l eft semi-fold ed at the l eft sid e of theplate.55.Celebrating birthdays became popular almost universally because birthdaysgive peopl e a reason to gather in friendly groups, share food, and enjoy kinship.56.In many portions of the worl d an individual's birthday is cel ebrated by a partywhere a specially mad e cake, usually d ecorated with l ettering and the person's age, is presented. The cake is traditionally stud d ed with the same number of lit candl es as the age of the individual.57.Religious symbolism suggests that lighting candl es opens a channel forprayers to the unseen worl d above. This concept has been borrowed to convey the id ea that blowing out birthday candl es sends a birthday wish to heaven.58.Baptism is consid ered to be a form of rebirth—"by water and the Spirit"—thenakedness of baptism (the second birth) parall eled the condition of one's original birth.59.The removal of cl othing represented the "image of putting off the ol d manwith his d eeds, so the stripping of the body before for baptism represented taking off the trappings of sinful self, so that the "new man," which is given by Jesus, can be put on.60.Scouting, also known as the Scout Movement, is a worl dwid e youth movementwith the stated aim of supporting young peopl e in their physical, mental and spiritual d evelopment, that they may play constructive rol es in society.61.If the coupl e of l overs are going into marriage, the man shoul d make aproposal by giving an engagement ring to the woman.62.The marriage will be recognized by: a marriage license and wed dingceremony.63.The reason why brid esmaids and groomsmen are need is that the evil spiritswoul d be confused by so many similarly dressed peopl e.64.A funeral is a ceremony for celebrating, sanctifying or remembering the life ofa person who has died.65.A funeral may take place at either a funeral home or church.66.Funeral services commonly includ e prayers; readings from a sacred text;hymns (sung either by the attend ees or a hired vocalist); and words of comfort by the cl ergy. Frequently, a relative or cl ose friend will be asked to give a eul ogy颂歌, which d etails happy memories and accomplishments; often commenting on the d eceased's flaws, especially at l ength, is consid ered impolite.67.Festivals are precious human heritage that links to religion, customs, historyand peopl e’s lifestyl es. Festivals, of many types, serve to meet specific needs, as well as to provid e entertainment.68.Though festivals many have religious origins, others involve seasonal changeor have some cultural significance.69.New Year’s Day is universally cel ebrated on the first day of the calendar,January 1.70.Chinese New Year is celebrated in many countries around the worl d, it is thefirst day of the lunar calendar.71.Valentine's Day is a holiday cel ebrated on February 14(in most countries).Love and affection are celebrated between l overs by sending greeting cards andgifts, dating.72.Mod ern Valentine's Day symbols includ e the heart-shaped outline, d oves, andthe figure of the winged Cupid.73.Passover is a Jewish holiday and festival. It commemorates the story of theExodus, in which the ancient Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt. 74.Easter is the central feast in the Christian liturgical year, celebrating theresurrection of Jesus. According to the Canonical gospels, Jesus rose from thed ead on the third day after his crucifixion. His resurrection is celebrated onEaster Day or Easter Sunday (also Resurrection Day or Resurrection Sunday) .75.Easter egg is seen by foll owers of Christianity as a symbol of resurrection:whil e being d ormant it contains a new life sealed within it.76.Mother's Day is a cel ebration honoring mothers and celebrating motherhood,maternal bonds and the influence of mothers in society. It originated from an ancient Greek ritual which was to respect the Mother of Gods, Hera.77.Halloween is a yearly holiday observed around the worl d on October 31, thenight before All Saints’ Day, much like Day of the Dead celebrations.78.The American Thanksgiving Day is a traditional family feast with a traditionalturkey dinner, usually in the mid-afternoon. Typical Thanksgiving food also includ es sweet potatoes, pumpkins, cranberries, and fruit salads.79.Carnival typically involves a public cel ebration or parad e combining someelements of a circus, mask and public street party. Peopl e often dress up or masquerad e during the cel ebrations, which mark an overturning of daily life.80.The three very important European Film Festivals are Venice Film Festival,Cannes Film Festival, and Berlin International Film Festival.81.The Gold en Lion is award ed to the best film at Venice Film Festival.82.The Gold en Palm is the highest prize award ed at The Cannes InternationalFilm Festival.83.The Gol d en Bear is the highest prize award ed for the best film at the BerlinInternational Film Festival.1。
海底两万里第14章英文原版
海底两万里第14章英文原版The Nautilus, a magnificent underwater vessel, continued its perilous journey through the depths of the Pacific Ocean. Captain Nemo, an enigmatic figure, guided the ship with precision, while Professor Aronnax, the narrator, marveled at the wonders of the marine world.In the fourteenth chapter, the Nautilus encountered a giant squid, an awe-inspiring creature that challenged the ship's dominance in the sea. The squid's colossal size, its eight powerful arms, and its formidable beak instilled fear in the hearts of the crew.As the battle raged, the squid's tentacles ensnared the Nautilus, threatening to crush it. Captain Nemo, with his unwavering composure, maneuvered the ship expertly, dodging the squid's relentless attacks. The Nautilus's powerful engines surged forward, breaking free from the squid's grasp.But the squid, undeterred, continued to pursue the Nautilus, its massive body propelled by its powerful fins. The crew fought valiantly, firing harpoons and explosives at the creature, but it seemed impervious to their attacks.In a moment of desperation, Captain Nemo ordered the Nautilus to ascend rapidly. The squid, unable to withstand the change in pressure, was forced to release its hold and retreat into the depths.The Nautilus emerged victorious from the encounter, but the scars of the battle remained. The ship's hull was damaged, and several crew members had been injured. Yet, despite the peril they had faced, the crew's spirits remained unbroken.In the aftermath of the battle, Captain Nemo shared his profound insights with Professor Aronnax. He spoke of the ocean's vastness and its mysteries, and of the fragility of life in its depths. Aronnax was deeply moved by Nemo's words, recognizing in him a man of great intelligence and compassion.As the Nautilus continued its voyage, Professor Aronnax reflected on the events of the past days. He had witnessed firsthand the power and the beauty of the sea, and had come to appreciate the wisdom of Captain Nemo, a man who had mastered the ocean's unforgiving realm.。
何家弘 法律英语 第九章 合同法
何家弘法律英语第九章合同法全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Chapter Nine of He Jiahong's book "Legal English" discusses contract law. In this chapter, the author examines the principles of contract law in both common law and civil law jurisdictions, as well as the key elements of a contract, including offer, acceptance, consideration, intention to create legal relations, and capacity.One of the main topics covered in this chapter is the different types of contracts, including bilateral contracts, unilateral contracts, and contracts under seal. In addition, the author explores the concept of implied contracts and the distinction between formal and informal contracts.He Jiahong also discusses the formation of contracts, including the importance of offer and acceptance in creating a legally binding agreement. The author explains how an offer can be terminated, revoked, or rejected, and the requirements for acceptance to be valid.Another important aspect of contract law that is examined in this chapter is the doctrine of consideration. He Jiahong explains the significance of consideration in contract formation and the rules regarding adequacy of consideration and past consideration.Furthermore, the author delves into the principles of intention to create legal relations and capacity in contract law. He explains how parties must have the intention to be legally bound by the terms of a contract for it to be enforceable, and the rules regarding minors, intoxicated persons, and mentally incapacitated individuals entering into contracts.Overall, Chapter Nine of "Legal English" by He Jiahong provides a comprehensive overview of contract law principles and key concepts. By examining the various aspects of contract formation, the author offers a thorough understanding of the legal framework that governs contractual relationships in both common law and civil law systems.篇2Title: Chapter Nine of He Jiahong's "Legal English: Contract Law"Chapter Nine of He Jiahong's "Legal English: Contract Law" delves into the intricate details of contract law and provides a comprehensive overview of the key concepts and principles governing contractual relationships. This chapter examines the formation, interpretation, and enforcement of contracts, as well as the rights and obligations of the parties involved.One of the central themes of this chapter is the concept of offer and acceptance, which is essential for the formation of a valid contract. According to He Jiahong, an offer is a proposal by one party to enter into a contract on certain terms, while acceptance is the unconditional agreement to the terms of the offer. The chapter outlines the requirements for a valid offer and acceptance, including communication of the offer and acceptance, intention to create legal relations, and certainty of terms.Moreover, He Jiahong discusses the importance of consideration in contract law, which refers to the exchange of something of value between the parties. He explains that consideration is necessary to make a contract legally binding and distinguishes it from a mere promise or gift. The chapter explores different types of consideration, such as goods, services,or money, and highlights the role of consideration in preventing gratuitous promises.Furthermore, this chapter addresses the issue of contractual interpretation, emphasizing the importance of interpreting contracts objectively and in accordance with the parties' intentions. He Jiahong explains that the courts will consider the language of the contract, the surrounding circumstances, and the parties' conduct to determine the meaning of the agreement. He also discusses the various rules of contractual interpretation, such as the contra proferentem rule and the parole evidence rule.In addition, He Jiahong examines the remedies available for breach of contract, including damages, specific performance, and injunctions. He explains that damages are the most common remedy for breach of contract and can be awarded to compensate the non-breaching party for any losses suffered as a result of the breach. The chapter also explores the principles governing the assessment of damages, such as remoteness, mitigation, and causation.Overall, Chapter Nine of He Jiahong's "Legal English: Contract Law" provides a comprehensive overview of the key principles and concepts of contract law. It offers valuable insightsinto the formation, interpretation, and enforcement of contracts, as well as the rights and obligations of the parties involved. This chapter serves as an essential resource for students, practitioners, and scholars seeking to deepen their understanding of contract law in a legal English context.篇3Chapter 9 Contract LawContract law is a fundamental part of the legal system in most countries around the world. The principles of contract law govern the relationships between parties entering into agreements, and are essential for regulating commerce and promoting fairness in business dealings. In this chapter, we will examine the key concepts and principles of contract law as outlined by legal scholar He Jiahong in his book on legal English.One of the fundamental principles of contract law is the concept of offer and acceptance. An offer is a promise by one party to do something in exchange for something from the other party, and acceptance is the agreement to the terms of the offer. For a contract to be legally binding, there must be a valid offer and acceptance between the parties involved. This principle iscrucial in determining whether a contract exists and what the terms of the contract are.Another important concept in contract law is consideration. Consideration is the exchange of something of value between the parties, such as money, goods, or services. In order for a contract to be enforceable, there must be consideration from both parties. This principle ensures that both parties are giving something of value in exchange for the promises made in the contract.The principle of intention to create legal relations is also essential in contract law. This principle states that the parties must have intended for their agreement to be legally binding. In commercial agreements, this intention is usually assumed. However, in other types of agreements, such as family agreements, the intention to create legal relations may not be present, and therefore the agreement may not be legally binding.One of the key components of contract law is the concept of capacity. Capacity refers to the legal ability of a party to enter into a contract. Minors, people of unsound mind, and those under the influence of drugs or alcohol may lack capacity toenter into a contract. In these cases, the contract may be voidable by the party lacking capacity.Contracts can also be classified into different types, such as bilateral and unilateral contracts. Bilateral contracts involve a promise from each party to the other, while unilateral contracts involve a promise from one party in exchange for an act from the other party. Understanding the different types of contracts is essential for interpreting and enforcing contract law.In conclusion, contract law is a complex and important area of legal study. Understanding the key concepts and principles of contract law is essential for anyone entering into business agreements or other contractual relationships. By following the guidelines outlined in this chapter, parties can ensure that their agreements are legally binding and enforceable.。
Law_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China_on_Mediation_and_Arbitration_of_Labor_Disputes
Law of the People's Republic of China on Mediation and Arbitration ofLabor DisputesLaw of the People's Republic of China on Mediation and Arbitration of Labor DisputesDecember 29, 2007(Adopted at the 31st Session of the Standing Committee of the 10th National People's Congress on December 29, 2007)ContentsChapter I General ProvisionsChapter II MediationChapter III ArbitrationSection 1 General ProvisionsSection 2 Application and AcceptanceSection 3 Hearing and AwardChapter IV Supplementary ProvisionsChapter I General ProvisionsArticle 1 The Law is formulated in order to fairly and timely resolve labor disputes, protect the lawful rights and interests of the parties and promote harmonious and stable labor relations.Article 2 The Law shall apply to the following labor disputes between employing units and laborers within the territory of the People's Republic of China:1. disputes arising from the confirmation of labor relations;2. disputes arising from the conclusion, performance, alteration and termination of labor contracts;3. disputes arising from name removal, dismissal, resignation or vacation of office;4. disputes arising from working hours, rest days and leave days, social insurance, fringe benefits, training and labor protection;5. disputes arising from labor remunerations, work injury medical expenses,economic compensation or damages; or6. other labor disputes prescribed by laws and regulations.Article 3 The resolution of labor disputes shall be based on facts and follow the principles of lawfulness, fairness, timeliness and mediation-oriented to protect the lawful rights and interests of the parties.Article 4 Where a labor dispute arises, a laborer may have a consultation with the employing unit or request the labor union or a third party to have a consultation with the employing unit in order to reach a settlement agreement.Article 5 Where a labor dispute arises, the parties are not willing to have a consultation, the consultation fails or the settlement agreement is reached but not performed, an application for mediation may be made to a mediation institute. Where the parties are not willing to mediate, the mediation fails or the mediation agreement is reached but not performed, an application for arbitration may be made to the labor dispute arbitration commission. Where there is objection to the arbitral award, litigation may be initiated to a people's court unless otherwise specified herein.Article 6 Where a labor dispute arises, the parties have the responsibility to give evidence for their own claim. Where the evidence relevant to the dispute matter is handled and managed by the employing unit, the employing unit shall give such evidence. Where the employing unit does not give evidence, it shall assume any unfavorable consequences.Article 7 Where the party in a labor dispute consists of more than 10 laborers, and they have a joint request, they may recommend a representative to participate in mediation, arbitration or litigation activities.Article 8 The labor administrative department of people's governments at the county level or above together with labor unions and enterprise representatives shall establish a labor relation tripartite mechanism to jointly study and resolve major issues of labor disputes.Article 9 Where an employing unit violates state provisions and labor remunerations are in arrears or not paid in full, or work injury medical expenses, economic compensation or damages are in arrears, the worker may make a complaint to the labor administrative department which shall handle the matter in accordance with the law.Chapter II MediationArticle 10 Where a labor dispute arises, the parties may apply for mediation to the following mediation institutes:1. Enterprise labor dispute mediation commission;2. Basic-level people's mediation institutes established in accordance with the law;3. Institutes with labor dispute mediation function established in towns and villages and districts.The enterprise labor dispute mediation commission shall comprise employee representatives and enterprise representatives. Employee representativesshall be labor union members or recommended by all employees, and enterprise representatives are designated by the responsible person of the enterprise. The officer of the enterprise labor dispute mediation commission shall be a labor union member or a person recommended by both parties.Article 11 The mediators of labor dispute mediation institutes shall be citizens that are impartial, connected with the mass and passionate about mediation work, and have certain legal knowledge, policy level and cultural level. Article 12 The parties that apply for labor dispute mediation may submit an application in writing or orally. Where it is an oral application, the mediation institute shall record the basic particulars of the applicant, the matter in dispute that requires mediation, the reason and time on the spot.Article 13 To mediate labor disputes, the facts and reasons of both parties shall be listened and mediation is conducted with patience to assist in reaching an agreement.Article 14 Where an agreement is reached after mediation, a mediation agreement shall be prepared.The mediation agreement shall be signed or sealed by both parties, and signed by the mediator as well as sealed by the mediation institute to take effect. It shall be binding on both parties and both parties shall perform the agreement.The parties may apply for arbitration in accordance with the law if no mediation agreement is reached within 15 days of the receipt of the mediation application by the labor dispute mediation institute.Article 15 Where the mediation agreement is reached and either party fails to perform the mediation agreement within the time limit prescribed in the agreement, the other party may apply for arbitration in accordance with the law.Article 16 Where the mediation agreement is reached in respect of the payment of labor remunerations, work injury medical expenses, economic compensation or damages in arrears and the employing unit fails to perform the agreement within the time limit prescribed in the agreement, the laborer may apply to the people's court for a payment order in accordance with the law on the strength of the mediation agreement. The people's court shall issue the payment order in accordance with the law.Chapter III ArbitrationSection 1 General ProvisionsArticle 17 Labor dispute arbitration commissions shall be set up pursuant to the principles of coordinated planning, rational layout and meeting actual needs. People's governments of provinces and autonomous regions may decide to set up a labor dispute arbitration commission at the municipal and county levels; people's governments of municipalities directly under the Central Government may decide to set up a labor dispute arbitration commission at district and county levels; and people's governments of cities specifically designated in the state plan and cities with districts may alsoestablish one or several labor dispute arbitration commissions. Labor dispute arbitration commissions are not set up according to administrative areas level by level.Article 18 The labor administrative department under the State Council shall formulate arbitration rules in accordance with the provisions hereof. The labor administrative department of people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall provide guidance to labor dispute arbitration work within the administrative area.Article 19 Labor dispute arbitration commissions shall comprise the representative of the labor administrative department, labor union representative and enterprise representative. The composition of the labor dispute arbitration commissions shall be an odd number.Labor dispute arbitration commissions shall perform the following functions and duties in accordance with the law:1. appointment and dismissal of full-time or part-time arbitrators;2. acceptance of labor dispute cases;3. discussion of major or complicated labor dispute cases; and4. supervision of arbitration activities.Labor dispute arbitration commissions shall set up offices to handle the day-to-day work of the labor dispute arbitration commissions.Article 20 Labor dispute arbitration commissions shall have an arbitrator register.Arbitrators shall be impartial and fulfill any of the following requirements:1. having served as an adjudicator;2. engaging in legal research or teaching with a designation of middle level or above;3. having legal knowledge and engaging in human resources management, labor union work or other professional work for five full years; or4. having legal practice for three full years.Article 21 Labor dispute arbitration commissions shall be responsible for the labor disputes occurred in the district under their jurisdiction.Labor disputes shall be handled by the labor dispute arbitration commissionat the place where the labor contract is performed or at the place where the employing unit locates. Where both parties apply for arbitration to the labor dispute arbitration commission at the place where the labor contract is performed or the place where the employing unit locates, the labor dispute shall fall within the jurisdiction of the labor dispute arbitration commission at the place where the labor contract is performed.Article 22 The laborer in a labor dispute and the employing unit are the parties to labor dispute cases.Where there is a labor dispute between a labor deployment unit and a laborer, the labor deployment unit and the employing unit are the joint parties.Article 23 The third party that has an interest in the result of the handling of a labor dispute case may apply for participating in arbitration activities or be notified to participate in arbitration activities by the labor dispute arbitration commission.Article 24 The parties may appoint an agent to participate in arbitration activities. To appoint an agent to participate in arbitration activities, a power of attorney signed or sealed by the appointer shall be submitted to the labor dispute arbitration commission. The power of attorney shall set out the appointment matter and the authority.Article 25 A laborer that has lost full or partial civil capability shall participate in arbitration activities by his legal representative. Where there is no legal representative, an agent shall be designated by the labor dispute arbitration commission. Where the laborer has died, his close relative or agent shall participate in arbitration activities.Article 26 The arbitration of labor disputes shall be conducted openly, unless the parties agree not to conduct openly or state secrets, trade secrets or personal privacy is involved.Section 2 Application and AcceptanceArticle 27 The time limit for application for arbitration in labor disputes is one year. The validity of arbitration shall be calculated from the date the parties know or shall have known the infringement of their rights.The validity of arbitration as prescribed in the previous paragraph shall be interrupted where either party claims its rights against the other party; or the relevant department requests for the right of relief, or the other party agrees to perform its obligations. The validity of arbitration shall be calculated again from the time of interruption.Where the parties cannot apply for arbitration within the validity of arbitration as prescribed in Paragraph One of this article due to force majeure or other proper reasons, the validity of arbitration is suspended. The validity of arbitration shall resume following the non-existence of the reason for suspension.Where a dispute arises within the subsistence of labor relations due to labor remunerations in arrears, the laborer that applies for arbitration shall not be restricted by the validity of arbitration prescribed in Paragraph One of this article. However, where the labor relations are terminated, the application for arbitration shall be submitted within one year of the termination of the labor relations.Article 28 The applicant that applies for arbitration shall submit a written arbitration application and submit duplicates in accordance with the number of the respondents.The arbitration application shall set out the following matters:1. Name, gender, age, occupation, working unit and domicile of the laborer; name and domicile of the employing unit and name and duties of the legal representative or person-in-charge;2. the request for arbitration and the facts and reasons on which such request is based; and3. evidence and the source thereof, the name and domicile of the witness. Where the applicant has difficulty in submitting a written arbitration application, an oral application may be made and recorded by the labor dispute arbitration commission which informs the other party.Article 29 The labor dispute arbitration commission shall, within five days ofreceipt of the arbitration application, accept the application and inform the applicant if it considers that the acceptance conditions are fulfilled; if the acceptance conditions are not fulfilled, it shall notify the applicant in writing and state the reason. Where the labor dispute arbitration commission does not accept or fails to make a decision within the time limit, the applicant may initiate litigation to the people's court in respect of such labor dispute.Article 30 The labor dispute arbitration commission shall, after acceptance of the arbitration application, serve a duplicate of the arbitration application on the respondent within five days.The respondent shall, upon receipt of the duplicate of arbitration application, submit a statement of defense to the labor dispute arbitration commission within 10 days. The labor dispute arbitration commission shall, within five days of receipt of the statement of defense, serve a copy of the defense on the applicant. Where the respondent does not submit a statement of defense, the arbitration proceedings shall not be affected.Section 3 Hearing and AwardArticle 31 The award of labor disputes cases by labor dispute arbitration commissions adopts the arbitral tribunal system. The arbitral tribunal shall comprise three arbitrators and has a chief arbitrator. Simple labor dispute cases may be arbitrated solely by an arbitrator.Article 32 The labor dispute arbitration commission shall, within five days of acceptance of arbitration application, inform the applicant of the composition of the arbitral tribunal in writing.Article 33 Where an arbitrator is under any of the following circumstances, he shall withdraw, and the parties also have the right to submit written or oral withdrawal application:1. he is a party to the case or a close relative of the parties or agents;2. he has an interest in the case;3. he has other relations with the parties to the case and their agents which may affect fair award;4. he has meetings with the parties or agents without authorization or send gifts to the parties or agents.The labor dispute arbitration commission shall timely make a decision on withdrawal application and inform the parties orally or in writing.Article 34 Where an arbitrator is under the circumstances prescribed in Item 4 of Article 33 hereof or accepts bribe, practices graft or perverts the law, he shall assume legal liability in accordance with the law and the labor dispute arbitration commission shall dismiss him.Article 35 The arbitral tribunal shall inform both parties of the date and place of hearing in writing five days before the hearing. Where either party has a proper reason, an extension of hearing may be requested three days before the hearing. The labor dispute arbitration commission shall make a decision on extension or not.Article 36 Where the applicant has received a written notification but fails to be present without proper reason or withdraws from the hearing without theapproval of the arbitral tribunal, it may be deemed revocation of arbitration application.Where the respondent has received a written notification but fails to be present without proper reason or withdraws from the hearing without the approval of the arbitral tribunal, he may be absent from the award.Article 37 Where the arbitral tribunal considers that verification is required for specialized issues, the parties may agree on the verification organization, where there is no agreement or no agreement can be reached between the parties, verification shall be done by the verification organization designated by the arbitral tribunal.The verification organization may, at the request of the parties or the arbitral tribunal, dispatch verification personnel to participate in the hearing. The parties may raise questions to the verification personnel with the permission of the arbitral tribunal.Article 38 The parties shall have the right to cross-examine evidence and debate in arbitral proceedings. Upon the completion of cross-examination of evidence and debate, the chief arbitrator or the sole arbitrator shall solicit the final opinion of the parties.Article 39 The arbitral tribunal shall, upon verification that the evidence provided by the parties are substantiated, confirm that it is the basis of the acknowledged facts.Where the laborer fails to give evidence in relation to the arbitration request handled and managed by the employing unit, the arbitral tribunal may request the employing unit to provide such evidence within the prescribed time limit. Where the employing unit fails to provide such evidence within the prescribed time limit, it shall assume the unfavorable consequences.Article 40 The arbitral tribunal shall make a written record of the hearing. The parties and other participants of arbitration shall have the right to make correction if they consider that the records of their statements are omitted or in error. If no supplementation is made, such application shall be recorded. The written record shall be signed or sealed by the arbitrators, recording personnel, the parties and other participants of arbitration.Article 41 The parties may settle on their own after application for labor dispute arbitration. Where the settlement agreement is reached, the arbitration application may be withdrawn.Article 42 The arbitral tribunal shall mediate before making an award. Where an agreement is reached after mediation, a statement of mediation shall be prepared by the arbitral tribunal.The statement of mediation shall state the request for arbitration and the result agreed by the parties. The statement of mediation shall be signed by arbitrators and sealed by the labor dispute arbitration commission and serve on the parties. The statement of mediation shall carry legal effect after acknowledgement.If mediation fails or either party gives back before the service of the statement of mediation, the arbitral tribunal shall make an award timely.Article 43 Where the arbitral tribunal makes an award to labor dispute cases, it shall do so within 45 days of the acceptance of the arbitration application bythe labor dispute arbitration commission. If an extension is required due to complexity of the case, an extension may be allowed with the approval of the officer of labor dispute arbitration commission and the parties shall be informed in writing, but the extension may not exceed 15 days. If no arbitral award is made after the time limit, the parties may initiate litigation in relation to the labor dispute to the people's court.Where the arbitral tribunal makes an award to a labor dispute case andpartial facts are clear, an award may be made on such parts.Article 44 In respect of cases for the claim of labor remunerations, workinjury medical expenses, economic compensation or damages, the arbitral tribunal may, pursuant to the application of the parties, make an award on advance execution and transfer to the people's court for execution.Where the arbitral tribunal makes an award on advance execution, the following conditions shall be fulfilled:1. there is a clear relation of rights and obligations between the parties; and2. if there is no advance execution, the living of the applicant will be seriously affected.Where a laborer applies for advance execution, no security may be provided.Article 45 Awards shall be made in accordance with the opinions of arbitrators in majority, and other opinions of the arbitrators in minority shall be recorded. Where the arbitral tribunal cannot form a majority opinion, the award shall be made in accordance with the opinion of the chief arbitrator.Article 46 The statement of award shall set out the arbitration request, the fact in dispute, the reason for award, the result of award and the date of award. The award shall be signed by arbitrators and sealed by the labor dispute arbitration commission. Arbitrators with different opinions towards the award may sign or not sign.Article 47 In respect of the following labor disputes, the arbitral award shallbe the final award and the statement of award shall have legal effect from the date of making unless otherwise stated hereof:1. disputes in relation to the claim of labor remunerations, work-related injury medical expenses, economic compensation or damages which do not exceed the local monthly wage standard for an amount of 12 months;2. disputes arising from working hours, rest days and leave days and social insurance in the implementation of state labor standards.Article 48 Where a laborer has objection to the arbitral award prescribed in Article 47 hereof, he may initiate litigation to the people's court within 15 days of the receipt of the statement of award.Article 49 Where an employing unit has evidence to prove that the arbitral award prescribed in Article 47 hereof is under any of the following circumstances, it may apply for revocation of award to the intermediate people's court at the place where the labor dispute arbitration commission locates within 30 days of the receipt of the statement of award.1. the applicable laws and regulations are in error;2. the labor dispute arbitration commission has no jurisdiction;3. the statutory proceedings are violated;4. the evidence on which the award is based is forged;5. the other party has concealed evidence that is sufficient to affect a fair award;6. the arbitrator accepts bribe, practices graft, and perverts the law.If the people's court composed as collegiate bench has verified that any of the circumstances prescribed in the previous paragraph exists, it shall revoke the award.Where the arbitral award is revoked by the people's court, the parties may initiate litigation to the people's court in relation to such labor dispute within 15 days of the receipt of the statement of award.Article 50 Where the parties have objection to the arbitral award of other labor dispute cases other than those prescribed in Article 47 hereof, they may initiate litigation to the people's court within 15 days of the receipt of the statement of award. If no litigation is initiated, the statement of award shall have legal effect.Article 51 The parties shall perform the statement of mediation and statement of award that carry legal effect within the time limit in accordance with provisions. If either party fails to perform within the time limit, the other party may apply for execution to the people's court in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Civil Procedure Law. The people's court that accepts the application shall execute in accordance with the law.Chapter IV Supplementary ProvisionsArticle 52 Where the working personnel on the appointment system of institutions have a labor dispute with the unit, this Law shall be followed; if laws, administrative regulations or the provisions of the State Council provide otherwise, such provisions shall be followed.Article 53 The arbitration of labor disputes are free of charge. The funding of labor dispute arbitration commissions are protected by the treasury.Article 54 The Law shall come into effect as of May 1, 2008.LexisNexis-法律法规/LegislationLaw of the People's Republic of China on Mediation and Arbitration of Labor Disputeshttps:///law/law-english-1-229935.html?eng=02013 LexisNexis, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.。
the law of life译文
老科斯库什贪婪地听着周围的声音。
尽管他早已老眼昏花，可听力仍十分敏锐，就连最轻微的声音也逃不过他的耳朵。
他的前额布满皱纹，模糊的意识仍存于脑中，但已不能完全看清世上万物了。
啊!这是斯卡图哈，她在尖声叫骂着狗，连推带打地把它们套进挽具。
斯卡图哈是他的外孙女，但她太忙了而不能抽出点时间来关照一下老迈的外公——他一个人坐在雪地中，孤独无助。
帐篷肯定要拆掉，短短的白天就要过去了，可还有很远的路要赶。
是生命和生活的责任在招唤着斯卡图哈，而非死亡。
而他现在则非常接近死亡。
这一点使老科斯库什着实难过了一阵，。
他颤抖地伸出已麻木的手摸索着身旁的一小堆干柴。
确认了木柴的位置后，他又把手缩回了破烂的皮袄里，继续听周围的声音。
沉闷的冰破裂的声音告诉他，酋长的鹿皮帐篷已被拆卸开了，甚至已经在被叠压成包裹。
酋长是他的儿子，身材魁梧，体格健壮，是部落里的首领，聪明的猎人。
妇女们在收拾帐篷行李时只因慢了一点，他便大声责骂。
老科斯库什竖着耳朵仔细地听着，因为这是他最后一次听到这种声音了。
基霍的帐篷拆完了!塔斯肯的也拆了!七座、八座，可能只有巫师的还立着。
而现在他们开始在拆了，他听到了巫师在把帐逢放上雪橇时的咕哝声。
一个小孩在哭泣，边上有个女人在轻声低语地安慰他。
“准是那个烦人的身体羸弱的小科蒂，”老人想，“他就快死了，或许人们会在冰冻的苔原上挖个洞做为他的坟墓，并在上面堆上岩石，以免狼獾的撕食”。
好了，这又算得了什么呢?他最多只能再活几年，而这几年中吃得饱和挨饿的年头参半。
而最后，他们都会因饥饿而面临死亡。
那是什么?噢，是男人们在驱策着雪橇拉紧皮带。
他听着，因为他以后再也听不到了。
皮鞭怒吼着向狗抽去，老人听到它们在哀叫。
它们是多么地憎恨这样的工作和旅程啊!他们出发了，他们走出了他的生命，他将一个人面对剩下的难熬的时光。
不，雪地里传来鹿皮靴踩在上面的嘎喳嘎喳的响声，有个男人走到他的身旁，轻轻地把手放在他的头上。
他的儿子这样做很好，他记得其他老人的儿子在部落离开后都没有等在后面，但他的儿子这样做了。
Chapter9
Most ridiculous foreign laws:
6. In Florida, unmarried women who parachute on a Sunday could be jailed (6%) 7. In Vermont, women must obtain written permission from their husbands to wear false teeth (6%) 8. In Milan, it is a legal requirement to smile at all times, except funerals or hospital visits (5%) 9. In Japan, there is no age of consent (5%) 10. In France, it is illegal to name a pig Napoleon (4%)
Most ridiculous British laws: Nhomakorabea
6. In the UK a pregnant woman can legally relieve herself anywhere she wants, including in a policeman's helmet (4%) 7. The head of any dead whale found on the British coast automatically becomes the property of the King, and the tail of the Queen (3.5%) 8. It is illegal not to tell the tax man anything you do not want him to know, but legal not to tell him information you do not mind him knowing (3%) 9. It is illegal to enter the Houses of Parliament in a suit of armour 10. In the city of York it is legal to murder a Scotsman within the ancient city walls, but only if he is carrying a bow and arrow (2%)
the-cask-of-Amontillado-翻译
the-cask-of-Amontillado-翻译D“老兄，这不行。
有事没事倒没什么，就是冷得够呛，我看你受不了。
地窖里潮得不得了。
四壁都是硝。
”“咱们还是走吧，冷算不了什么。
白葡萄酒！你可上当啦。
说到卢克雷西，他连雪梨酒跟白葡萄酒都分不清。
”说着福吐纳托就架住我胳膊；我戴上黑绸面具，把短披风紧紧裹住身子，就由他催着我上公馆去了。
家里听差一个也不见，都趁机溜出去过节了。
我对他们说过我要到第二天早晨才回家，还跟他们讲明，不准出门。
我心里有数，这么一吩咐，包管我刚转身，马上就一个个都跑光了。
我从烛台上拿了两个火把，一个给福吐纳托，领他穿过几套房间，走进拱廊，通往地窖，走下长长一座回旋楼梯，请他一路跟着，随加小心。
我们终于到了楼梯脚下，一块站在蒙特里梭府墓窖的湿地上。
我朋友的脚步摇摇晃晃，跨一步，帽上铃铛就丁零当啷响。
“那桶酒呢？”他说。
“在前面，”我说，“可得留神墙上雪白的蛛网在发光。
”他朝我回过身来，两只醉意朦胧的眼睛水汪汪的盯着我。
“硝？”他终于问道。
“硝，”我答道，“你害上那种咳嗽有多久了？”“呃嘿！呃嘿！——呃嘿！呃嘿！呃嘿！——呃嘿！呃嘿！呃嘿！——呃嘿！呃嘿！呃嘿！——呃嘿！呃嘿！呃嘿！”我那可怜的朋友老半天答不上口。
“没什么，”最后他说道。
“喏，”我依然答道，“咱们回去吧，你的身体要紧。
你有钱有势，人人敬慕，又得人心；你象我从前一样幸福。
要有个三长两短，那真是非同小可。
我倒无所谓，咱们回去吧，你害病，我可担待不起。
再说，还有卢克雷西——”“别说了，”他说，“咳嗽可不算什么，咳不死的。
我不会咳死。
” “对——对，”我答，“说真的的，我可不是存心吓唬你——可总得好好预防才是。
喝一口美道克酒去去潮气吧。
”说着我就从泥地上的一长溜酒瓶里，拿起一瓶酒，砸了瓶颈。
“喝吧，”我把酒递给他。
他瞟了我一眼，就将酒瓶举到唇边。
他歇下手，亲热的向我点点头，帽上铃铛就丁零当啷响了。
“我为周围那些长眠地下的干杯。
中国海商法中英文对照.doc
Maritime Code of The People's Republic of China?Order of the President of the People''sRepublic of ChinaThe Maritime Code of the People''s(1992 年 11 月 7 日第七届全国人民代表大会Republic of China, adopted at the 28th 常务委员会第二十八次会议通过) Meeting of the Standing Committee of theSeventh National People''s Congress onNovember 7, 1992, is hereby promulgatedand shall enter into force as of July 1,1993.President of the People''s Republic ofChina: Yang ShangkunNovember 7, 1992Maritime Code of the People''s Republicof ChinaContents 目录Chapter I General Provisions 第一章总则Chapter II Ships 第二章船舶Section 1 Ownership of Ships 第一节船舶所有权Section 2 Mortgage of Ships 第二节船舶抵押权Section 3 Maritime Liens 第三节船舶优先权Chapter III Crew 第三章船员Section 1 Basic Principles 第一节一般规定Section 2 The Master 第二节船长Chapter IV Contract of Carriage of Goods 第四章海上货物运输合同by SeaSection 1 Basic Principles 第一节一般规定Section 2 Carrier''s Responsibilities 第二节承运人的责任Section 3 Shipper''s Responsibilities 第三节托运人的责任Section 4 Transport Documents 第四节运输单证Section 5 Delivery of Goods 第五节货物交付Section 6 Cancellation of Contract 第六节合同的解除Section 7 Special Provisions Regarding 第七节航次租船合同的特别规定Voyage Charter PartySection 8 Special Provisions Regarding 第八节多式联运合同的特别规定Multimodal Transport ContractChapter V Contract of Carriage of 第五章海上旅客运输合同Passengers by SeaChapter VI Charter Parties 第六章船舶租用合同Section 1 Basic Principles 第一节一般规定Section 2 Time Charter Party 第二节定期租船合同Section 3 Bareboat Charter Party 第三节光船租赁合同Chapter VII Contract of Sea Towage 第七章海上拖航合同Chapter VIII Collision of Ships 第八章船舶碰撞Chapter IX Salvage at Sea 第九章海难救助Chapter X General Average 第十章共同海损Chapter XI Limitation of Liability for 第十一章海事赔偿责任限制Maritime ClaimsChapter XII Contract of Marine Insurance 第十二章海上保险合同Section 1 Basic Principles 第一节一般规定Section 2 Conclusion, Termination and 第二节合同的订立、解除和转让Assignment of ContractSection 3 Obligations of the Insured 第三节被保险人的义务Section 4 Liability of the Insurer 第四节保险人的责任Section 5 Loss of or Damage to the 第五节保险标的的损失和委付Subject Matter Insured and AbandonmentSection 6 Payment of Indemnity 第六节保险赔偿的支付Chapter XIII Limitation of Time 第十三章时效Chapter XIV Application of Law in 第十四章涉外关系的法律适用Relation to Foreignrelated MattersChapter XV Supplementary Provisions 第十五章附则Chapter I General Provisions 第一章总则Article 1 This Code is enacted with a 第一条为了调整海上运输关系、船舶关系，view to regulating the relations arising 维护当事人各方的合法权益，促进海上运输from maritime transport and those 和经济贸易的发展，制定本法。
thecaskofAmontillado翻译
the cask of Amontil lado Edgar Allan Poe阿芒提拉多的水桶埃德加艾伦坡福吐纳托对我百般迫害，我都尽量忍在心头，可是一旦他胆敢侮辱我，我就发誓要报仇了，您早就摸熟我生性脾气，总不见得当我说说吓唬人。
总有一天我要报仇雪恨；这个注意坚定不移，既然拿定主意不改，就没想到会出危险。
我不仅要给他吃吃苦头，还要干得绝了后患。
报仇的自己得到报应，这笔仇就没了清。
复仇的不让冤家知道是谁害他，这笔仇也没了清。
不消说，我一言一语，一举一动都没引起福吐纳托怀疑是存心不良。
还是照常对他笑脸相迎，可他没看出如今我是想到要送他命才笑呢。
福吐纳托这人在某些方面虽令人尊重，甚至令人敬畏，可就是有个弱点。
他自夸是品酒老手。
意大利人没几个具有真正行家的气质。
他们的热诚，多半都用来随机应变，看风使舵，好让英国和奥地利的大财主上当。
谈到古画和珠宝方面，福吐纳托跟他同胞一样，夸夸其谈，不过谈到陈酒方面，倒是真正识货。
这点我跟他大致相同——对意大利葡萄酒，我也算内行，只要办得到的话，就大量买进。
在热闹的狂欢节里，有天傍晚，正当暮色苍茫，我碰到了这位朋友。
他亲热的招呼我，因为他肚里灌饱了酒。
这家伙扮成小丑，身穿杂色条纹紧身衣，头戴圆尖帽，上面系着铃铛。
我看见他真是高兴极了，不由想握着他的手久久不放。
我对他说：“老兄啊，幸会，幸会。
你今天气色真是好到极点。
我弄到一大桶所谓白葡萄酒（西班牙蒙蒂利亚生产的一种甜酒），可我不放心。
”“怎的？”他说，“白葡萄酒？一大桶？不见得吧！在狂欢节期间哪弄得到？”“我不放心，”我答道，“我真笨透了，居然没跟你商量，就照白葡萄酒的价钱全付清了。
找又找不到你，可又生怕错过这笔买卖。
”“白葡萄酒！”“我不放心。
”“白葡萄酒！”“我一定得放下这条心！”“白葡萄酒！”“瞧你有事，我正想去找卢克雷西呢。
人大版涉外律师法律英语参考答案
The following verbs can be used in place of sustain: 1. support 2. suffered, incurred(rare) (Suffered also collocates with emotional distress, loss, and harm as well as damages.) 3. upheld (referring to a decision by a lower court)
5. 首席大法官每年向国会递交一份关于联邦法庭体系状况的报告。
Chapter 8 Jury Trial
I. Choose the best answer to the following questions. 1-5:ABDCA; 6-10:DCACD II. Incur, Suffer, support, sustain, uphold
Good is used in Excerpts 3 and 5 to offer an opinion on the quality of a law. In this case, bad is its opposite or antonym, as in Excerpts 2, 5, and 6. Notice that in Excerpt 5, the dissent uses the opposites good and bad together to refer to the quality of the law,
英语读译教程 chapter3
例1. 一开始(...)只能学习少数句型。
At first only a few sentence patterns can
be learned.
例2. (...)要把必要的资料收集起来，加以分析。
The necessary quantity of data should be
collected and analyzed. 例3. 最后（...) 达成了协议。 At last an agreement was arrived at. 例4. 我们提议对计划做修改。 We propose that some changes should be made in the plan. 例5. 昨天(...)捉到了凶手。 That murderer was caught yesterday.
墙上（…)挂了一些画。 例4. A considerable investment has been
made in the exploration of the sea depths. 在海底勘探方面（…) 进行了巨额投资。
例1. yet, only a part of this energy is used
例3. we are brought freedom and
happiness by socialism. 社会主义给我们带来了自由和幸福。 例1. this pamphlet of technical glossary is redacted by an engineer. 这本技术词汇小册子是一位工程师编写的。 例2. my first thirty years were spent in Western America. 我的前30年是在美国西部度过的。
罗刹海事英文版
罗刹海事英文版The Legend of the Sea DemonIn the land of ancient China, nestled along the coast, there existed a small fishing village called Luosha. The villagers lived a peaceful life, relying solely on the bounty of the sea for their livelihoods. However, their idyllic existence would soon be shattered by the emergence of a terrifying sea demon known as the Luosha.Legend had it that the Luosha was a once-mighty warrior who had crossed paths with an evil sorcerer. In a desperate bid to gain immortality and invincibility, the sorcerer had transformed the warrior into a fearsome sea creature, forever cursed to haunt the waters of Luosha village. With its scales as black as night and glowing red eyes, the Luosha was asight that struck fear into the hearts of even the bravest fishermen.The arrival of the Luosha brought ruin to the village. Night after night, it would rise from the depths of the sea, attacking fishing boats, capsizing them, and devouring the brave fisherman who dared to cross its path. The villagers were left in a state of despair, knowing not how to rid themselves of the malevolent creature. The once-bustling fishing village became a ghost town, as the fearful villagers abandoned their homes and livelihoods, seeking sanctuary in neighboring towns.News of the Luosha's reign of terror reached the ears of a renowned sailor named Zhi. Known throughout the land for his bravery and cunning, he took it upon himself to put anend to the Luosha's reign of terror. Zhi ventured to the village, determined to bring peace back to the troubled waters.With his ship fully stocked and his crew at the ready, Zhi set sail towards the perilous sea. The journey was treacherous, as the Luosha's presence seemed to cast an eerie fog over the waters, making navigation almost impossible. Undeterred, Zhi pressed on, believing in his skills as a sailor, and his desire to save the village.As his ship approached the Luosha's domain, Zhi devised a cunning plan. He had heard stories of long-lost incantations that possessed the power to disarm evil spirits. Consulting ancient texts and seeking guidance from village elders, Zhi discovered a chant that had been forgotten over time.Armed with the knowledge, Zhi stood at the bow of his ship, facing the Luosha head-on. With a mighty voice, he recited the incantation, each word ringing out with purpose and determination. As the final words left his lips, a blinding light shot forth from the bow of the ship, illuminating the night sky.The Luosha's fiery red eyes widened in surprise as its scales began to crack and crumble. The ancient incantation had succeeded in breaking the sorcerer's curse and freeing the warrior's spirit trapped within the creature. In a magnificent display of light, the Luosha transformed backinto the once-mighty warrior it had once been. Zhi had succeeded in his quest.News of the great sailor's victory spread throughout the land, and the villagers of Luosha rejoiced. Zhi became alegend, his name synonymous with bravery and heroism. The fishing village flourished once again, as the sea once more welcomed the fishermen with an abundance of fish.The Legend of the Sea Demon serves as a reminder that even in the face of the most terrifying of challenges, courage and determination can overcome even the darkest of forces. Zhi's triumph over the Luosha stands as a testament to the indomitable spirit of humankind and the power of hope.。
lordoftheflies译文第九章
lordoftheflies译文第九章
《蝇王》第九章的译文如下：
拉尔夫又走到平台中央。
他脸上的表情变了，不再是个孩子了。
他的声音也变了，充满了权威。
“听着，”他说，“我们得有秩序。
我们不能再像野兽那样生活了。
我们要选出一个野猪头，让他带领大家。
”
他停了一下，看着大家的反应。
大家都看着他，没有人说话。
“我们不能再让野兽来统治我们了，”拉尔夫继续说，“我们要选出一个野猪头，让他带领大家。
”
他又停了一下，然后继续说：“我提名猪崽子做野猪头。
”
大家都惊讶地看着拉尔夫。
他们从来没有想过要选猪崽子做野猪头。
但是拉尔夫看起来很认真，他们也不敢反驳他。
“好吧，”西蒙说，“如果大家都同意的话，那我们就选猪崽子做野猪头吧。
”。
风骚律师英文原版
风骚律师英文原版English: The book "The Persnickety Palate" is a humorous and engaging read that follows the story of a young lawyer, Jaxon, as he navigates his career in a prestigious law firm. Jaxon is known for his sharp wit and cunning strategies in the courtroom, earning him the nickname "The Persnickety Palate" among his colleagues. However, as Jaxon gets caught up in a high-profile case involving a celebrity chef, his skills are put to the test like never before. The story unfolds with twists and turns, showcasing the complexities of the legal world and the lengths people will go to achieve success. With a mix of humor, drama, and suspense, "The Persnickety Palate" is a thrilling tale that keeps readers on the edge of their seats until the very end.中文翻译: 《挑剔的味蕾》是一本幽默且引人入胜的读物，讲述了年轻律师贾克森在一家著名律师事务所担任律师的职业生涯。
汉英翻译技巧
汉英翻译技巧Chapter2翻译磨刀石对等译法1，好教徒a faithful Christian 2，好父母a loving parent3，好儿女an obedient child4，好妻子 a virtuous wife5，好丈夫 a dutiful husband6，好学生 a hardworking student 7，大风strong wind8，大雾thick fog9，大雨heavy rain二，翻译1，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。
Only when they find much in common and hope to keep in touch later on, will they offer their cards.2，再例如，作为一个中国人，经书不可不读。
我年过三十才知道读书自修的重要。
Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. Nevertheless,it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self- study in the matter of classics.，寄语年轻朋友，千万要持之以恒的从事运动，这不是嬉戏，不是浪费时间。
健康的身体是做人做事的真正本钱。
Dear young friends, my advice to you is:Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career. 三，对等译法翻译浑水摸鱼fish in troubled waters称心如意be after one's own heart皮包骨头skin and bones 一触即发touch and go一语道破hit the nail on the head出人头地be head and shoulders above others 充耳不闻turn a deaf ear to破釜沉舟burn one's boat视而不见turn a blind eye to大海捞针look for a needle in a bundle of hay 四，对等译法翻译熟能生巧Practice makes perfect.欲速则不达More haste, less speed出门一里，不如家里East or west, home is best拉入篮里就是菜All in fish that comes to the net皇天不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits小巫见大巫The moon is not seen when the sun shines三思而后行Look before you leap无风不起浪There is no smoke without fire増词译法一，就是小孩也能回答这个问题。
英语法律文件中表示条款概念的词语翻译
英语法律文件中表示条款概念的词语翻译摘要：在法律翻译中，保持原文的正式严谨一向是译者恪守的原则。
但是一篇规范的法律译本不仅应体现在其具体法条的翻译,还应反映在整部法律译本的细节之处，如原语的翻译与目标语法律文件用词习惯的一致性。
当译者遇到article, paragraph之类表示“条款”概念的词语翻译时，常感到难以区分。
本文主要探讨英语法律文本中的相关用词的汉译，以期为今后的法律文件翻译工作提供些许借鉴。
关键词：英语法律文件；条款；翻译一、中文法律文件表示条款概念的词语。
根据《中华人民共和国立法》第五十四条：“法律根据内容需要，可以分为编、章、节、条、款、项、目。
” 比如我国颁布的《中华人民共和国物权法》，共五编十九章二百四十七条。
二、英语法律文件中表示条款概念的词语。
英语法律文件中表示条款概念的词包括：part, chapter, article, section, subsection, paragraph, subparagraph, annex, appendix等。
三、中英文法律文件表示条款概念的单词对比与翻译。
1. “Part，” “Chapter”和“Section.”“编”主要是用于法典中几个相对独立部分的划分；“章”主要用于该法律规定中几个相互联系的部分的划分；“节”是章的下一个层次的划分，但并不是每“章”都必须要有“节”，而是在某些章里，有多个层次的内容需要区分表述。
因此，从中英文表示条款概念大小的用词来看，一般情况下，“part”, “chapter”和“section”分别对应中国法律文本中的“编”、“章”和“节”，（“编”通常也称“部分。
”）但在英文法律文件里，“Section”有时也从属于"article", "section"的其它译法，笔者会在下面的内容专门讨论。
2. “Article.”“Article”一般译为“条”。
海的女儿英文全文daughter of the sea
AR out in the ocean, where the water is as blue as the prettiest cornflower, and as clear as crystal, it is very, very deep; so deep , indeed, that no cable could fathom it: many church steeples, p iled one upon another, would not reach from the ground beneat h to the surface of the water above. There dwell the Sea King a nd his subjects. We must not imagine that there is nothing at th e bottom of the sea but bare yellow sand. No, indeed; the most s ingular flowers and plants grow there; the leaves and stems of which are so pliant, that the slightest agitation of the water cau ses them to stir as if they had life. Fishes, both large and small, glide between the branches, as birds fly among the trees here u pon land. In the deepest spot of all, stands the castle of the Sea King. Its walls are built of coral, and the long, gothic windows are of the clearest amber. The roof is formed of shells, that ope n and close as the water flows over them. Their appearance is v ery beautiful, for in each lies a glittering pearl, which would befit for the diadem of a 【2 】queen.The Sea King had been a widower for many years, and his aged mother kept house for him. She was a very wise woman, and exceedingly proud of her high birth; on that account she wore twelve oysters on her tail; while others, also of high rank, were only allowed to wear six. She was, however, deserving of very great praise, especially for her care of the littl e seaprincesses, her granddaughters. They were six beautiful children; but the youngest was the prettiest of them all; h er skin was as clear and delicate as a roseleaf, and her eyes as blue as the deepest sea; but, like all the others, she had n o feet, and her body ended in a fish's tail. All day long they played in the great halls of the castle, or among the living flowers that grew out of the walls. The large amber windows were open, and the fish swam in, just as the swallows fly into our houses when we open the windows, excepting that the fishes swam up to the princesses, ate out of their hands, an d allowed themselves to be stroked. Outside the castle there was a beautiful garden, in which grew bright red and dark blue flowers, and blossoms like flames of fire; the fruit glittered like gold, and the leaves and stems waved to and fro co ntinually. The earth itself was the finest sand, but blue as the flame of burning sulphur. Over everything lay a peculiar bl ue radiance, as if it were surrounded by the air from above, through which the blue sky shone, instead of the dark dept hs of the sea. In calm weather the sun could be seen, looking like a purple flower, with the light streaming from the caly x. Each of the young princesses had a little plot of ground in the garden, where she might dig and plant as she pleased. One arranged her flowerbed into the form of a whale; another thought it better to make hers like the figure of a little m ermaid; but that of the youngest was round like the sun, and contained flowers as red as his rays at sunset. She was a st range child, quiet and thoughtful; and while her sisters would be delighted with the wonderful things which they obtain ed from the wrecks of vessels, she cared for nothing but her pretty red flowers, like the sun, excepting a beautiful marbl e statue. It was the representation of a handsome boy, carved out of pure white stone, which had fallen to the bottom of the sea from a wreck. She planted by the statue a rosecolored weeping willow. It grew splendidly, and very soon hun g its fresh branches over the statue, almost down to the blue sands. The shadow had a violet tint, and waved to and fro like the branches; it seemed as if the crown of the tree and the root were at play, and trying to kiss each other. Nothing gave her so much pleasure as to hear about the world above the sea. She made her old grandmother tell her all she kne w of the ships and of the towns, the people and the animals. To her it seemed most wonderful and beautiful to hear tha t the flowers of the land should have fragrance, and not those below the sea; that the trees of the forest should be gree n; and that the fishes among the trees could sing so sweetly, that it was quite a pleasure to hear them. Her grandmothe r called the little birds fishes, or she would not have understood her; for she had never seen birds."When you have reached your fifteenth year," said the grandmother, "you will have permission to rise up out of the sea , to sit on the rocks in the moonlight, while the great ships are sailing by; and then you will see both forests and towns." In the following year, one of the sisters would be fifteen: but as each was a year younger than the other, the youngest would have to wait five years before her turn came to rise up from the bottom of the ocean, and see the earth as we do . However, each promised to tell the others what she saw on her first visit, and what she thought the most beautiful; fo r their grandmother could not tell them enough; there were so many things on which they wanted information. None of them longed so much for her turn to come as the youngest, she who had the longest time to wait, and who was so quiet and thoughtful. Many nights she stood by the open window, looking up through the dark blue water, and watching th e fish as they splashed about with their fins and tails. She could see the moon and stars shining faintly; but through the water they looked larger than they do to our eyes. When something like a black cloud passed between her and them, sh e knew that it was either a whale swimming over her head, or a ship full of human beings, who never imagined that a pr etty little mermaid was standing beneath them, holding out her white hands towards the keel of their ship.As soon as the eldest was fifteen, she was allowed to rise to the surface of the ocean. When she came back, she had hu ndreds of things to talk about; but the most beautiful, she said, was to lie in the moonlight, on a sandbank, in the quiet sea, near the coast, and to gaze on a large town nearby, where the lights were twinkling like hundreds of stars; to listen to the sounds of the music, the noise of carriages, and the voices of human beings, and then to hear the merry bells pea l out from the church steeples; and because she could not go near to all those wonderful things, she longed for them m ore than ever. Oh, did not the youngest sister listen eagerly to all these descriptions? and afterwards, when she stood a t the open window looking up through the dark blue water, she thought of the great city, with all its bustle and noise, a nd even fancied she could hear the sound of the church bells, down in the depths of the sea.In another year the second sister received permission to rise to the surface of the water, and to swim about where she pleased. She rose just as the sun was setting, and this, she said, was the most beautiful sight of all. The whole sky looke d like gold, while violet and rosecolored clouds, which she could not describe, floated over her; and, still more rapidly th an the clouds, flew a large flock of wild swans towards the setting sun, looking like a long white veil across the sea. She also swam towards the sun; but it sunk into the waves, and the rosy tints faded from the clouds and from the sea. The third sister's turn followed; she was the boldest of them all, and she swam up a broad river that emptied itself into the sea. On the banks she saw green hills covered with beautiful vines; palaces and castles peeped out from amid the pr oud trees of the forest; she heard the birds singing, and the rays of the sun were so powerful that she was obliged often to dive down under the water to cool her burning face. In a narrow creek she found a whole troop of little human child ren, quite naked, and sporting about in the water; she wanted to play with them, but they fled in a great fright; and the n a little black animal came to the water; it was a dog, but she did not know that, for she had never before seen one. Th is animal barked at her so terribly that she became frightened, and rushed back to the open sea. But she said she shoul d never forget the beautiful forest, the green hills, and the pretty little children who could swim in the water, although t hey had not fish's tails.The fourth sister was more timid; she remained in the midst of the sea, but she said it was quite as beautiful there as nearer the land. She could see for so many miles around her, and the sky above looked like a bell of glass. She had seen th e ships, but at such a great distance that they looked like seagulls. The dolphins sported in the waves, and the great wh ales spouted water from their nostrils till it seemed as if a hundred fountains were playing in every direction.The fifth sister's birthday occurred in the winter; so when her turn came, she saw what the others had not seen the first time they went up. The sea looked quite green, and large icebergs were floating about, each like a pearl, she said, but l arger and loftier than the churches built by men. They were of the most singular shapes, and glittered like diamonds. Sh e had seated herself upon one of the largest, and let the wind play with her long hair, and she remarked that all the ship s sailed by rapidly, and steered as far away as they could from the iceberg, as if they were afraid of it. Towards evening, as the sun went down, dark clouds covered the sky, the thunder rolled and the lightning flashed, and the red light glowe d on the icebergs as they rocked and tossed on the heaving sea. On all the ships the sails were reefed with fear and tre mbling, while she sat calmly on the floating iceberg, watching the blue lightning, as it darted its forked flashes into the s ea.When first the sisters had permission to rise to the surface, they were each delighted with the new and beautiful sights they saw; but now, as grownup girls, they could go when they pleased, and they had become indifferent about it. They wished themselves back again in the water, and after a month had passed they said it was much more beautiful down b elow, and pleasanter to be at home. Yet often, in the evening hours, the five sisters would twine their arms round each other, and rise to the surface, in a row. They had more beautiful voices than any human being could have; and before t he approach of a storm, and when they expected a ship would be lost, they swam before the vessel, and sang sweetly o f the delights to be found in the depths of the sea, and begging the sailors not to fear if they sank to the bottom. But th e sailors could not understand the song, they took it for the howling of the storm. And these things were never to be be autiful for them; for if the ship sank, the men were drowned, and their dead bodies alone reached the palace of the Sea King.When the sisters rose, arminarm, through the water in this way, their youngest sister would stand quite alone, looking after them, ready to cry, only that the mermaids have no tears, and therefore they suffer more. "Oh, were I but fifteen years old," said she: "I know that I shall love the world up there, and all the people who live in it."At last she reached her fifteenth year. "Well, now, you are grown up," said the old dowager, her grandmother; "so you must let me adorn you like your other sisters;" and she placed a wreath of white lilies in her hair, and every flower leaf was half a pearl. Then the old lady ordered eight great oysters to attach themselves to the tail of the princess to show her high rank."But they hurt me so," said the little mermaid."Pride must suffer pain," replied the old lady. Oh, how gladly she would have shaken off all this grandeur, and laid aside the heavy wreath! The red flowers in her own garden would have suited her much better, but she could not help hersel f: so she said, "Farewell," and rose as lightly as a bubble to the surface of the water. The sun had just set as she raised h er head above the waves; but the clouds were tinted with crimson and gold, and through the glimmering twilight beam ed the evening star in all its beauty. The sea was calm, and the air mild and fresh. A large ship, with three masts, lay bec almed on the water, with only one sail set; for not a breeze stiffed, and the sailors sat idle on deck or amongst the riggin g. There was music and song on board; and, as darkness came on, a hundred colored lanterns were lighted, as if the flag s of all nations waved in the air. The little mermaid swam close to the cabin windows; and now and then, as the waves li fted her up, she could look in through clear glass windowpanes, and see a number of welldressed people within. Among them was a young prince, the most beautiful of all, with large black eyes; he was sixteen years of age, and his birthday was being kept with much rejoicing. The sailors were dancing on deck, but when the prince came out of the cabin, more than a hundred rockets rose in the air, making it as bright as day. The little mermaid was so startled that she dived und er water; and when she again stretched out her head, it appeared as if all the stars of heaven were falling around her, s he had never seen such fireworks before. Great suns spurted fire about, splendid fireflies flew into the blue air, and eve rything was reflected in the clear, calm sea beneath. The ship itself was so brightly illuminated that all the people, and e ven the smallest rope, could be distinctly and plainly seen. And how handsome the young prince looked, as he pressed t he hands of all present and smiled at them, while the music resounded through the clear night air.It was very late; yet the little mermaid could not take her eyes from the ship, or from the beautiful prince. The colored l anterns had been extinguished, no more rockets rose in the air, and the cannon had ceased firing; but the sea became r estless, and a moaning, grumbling sound could be heard beneath the waves: still the little mermaid remained by the ca bin window, rocking up and down on the water, which enabled her to look in. After a while, the sails were quickly unfurl ed, and the noble ship continued her passage; but soon the waves rose higher, heavy clouds darkened the sky, and light ning appeared in the distance. A dreadful storm was approaching; once more the sails were reefed, and the great ship p ursued her flying course over the raging sea. The waves rose mountains high, as if they would have overtopped the mas t; but the ship dived like a swan between them, and then rose again on their lofty, foaming crests. To the little mermaid this appeared pleasant sport; not so to the sailors. At length the ship groaned and creaked; the thick planks gave way under the lashing of the sea as it broke over the deck; the mainmast snapped asunder like a reed; the ship lay over on he r side; and the water rushed in. The little mermaid now perceived that the crew were in danger; even she herself was o bliged to be careful to avoid the beams and planks of the wreck which lay scattered on the water. At one moment it wa s so pitch dark that she could not see a single object, but a flash of lightning revealed the whole scene; she could see ev ery one who had been on board excepting the prince; when the ship parted, she had seen him sink into the deep waves , and she was glad, for she thought he would now be with her; and then she remembered that human beings could not l ive in the water, so that when he got down to her father's palace he would be quite dead. But he must not die. So she s wam about among the beams and planks which strewed the surface of the sea, forgetting that they could crush her to p ieces. Then she dived deeply under the dark waters, rising and falling with the waves, till at length she managed to reac h the young prince, who was fast losing the power of swimming in that stormy sea. His limbs were failing him, his beauti ful eyes were closed, and he would have died had not the little mermaid come to his assistance. She held his head abov e the water, and let the waves drift them where they would.In the morning the storm had ceased; but of the ship not a single fragment could be seen. The sun rose up red and glow ing from the water, and its beams brought back the hue of health to the prince's cheeks; but his eyes remained closed. The mermaid kissed his high, smooth forehead, and stroked back his wet hair; he seemed to her like the marble statue i n her little garden, and she kissed him again, and wished that he might live. Presently they came in sight of land; she sa w lofty blue mountains, on which the white snow rested as if a flock of swans were lying upon them. Near the coast wer e beautiful green forests, and close by stood a large building, whether a church or a convent she could not tell. Orange and citron trees grew in the garden, and before the door stood lofty palms. The sea here formed a little bay, in which th e water was quite still, but very deep; so she swam with the handsome prince to the beach, which was covered with fin e, white sand, and there she laid him in the warm sunshine, taking care to raise his head higher than his body. Then bell s sounded in the large white building, and a number of young girls came into the garden. The little mermaid swam out f arther from the shore and placed herself between some high rocks that rose out of the water; then she covered her hea d and neck with the foam of the sea so that her little face might not be seen, and watched to see what would become o f the poor prince. She did not wait long before she saw a young girl approach the spot where he lay. She seemed frighte ned at first, but only for a moment; then she fetched a number of people, and the mermaid saw that the prince came to life again, and smiled upon those who stood round him. But to her he sent no smile; he knew not that she had saved hi m. This made her very unhappy, and when he was led away into the great building, she dived down sorrowfully into thewater, and returned to her father's castle. She had always been silent and thoughtful, and now she was more so than e ver. Her sisters asked her what she had seen during her first visit to the surface of the water; but she would tell them no thing. Many an evening and morning did she rise to the place where she had left the prince. She saw the fruits in the ga rden ripen till they were gathered, the snow on the tops of the mountains melt away; but she never saw the prince, and therefore she returned home, always more sorrowful than before. It was her only comfort to sit in her own little garde n, and fling her arm round the beautiful marble statue which was like the prince; but she gave up tending her flowers, a nd they grew in wild confusion over the paths, twining their long leaves and stems round the branches of the trees, so t hat the whole place became dark and gloomy. At length she could bear it no longer, and told one of her sisters all about it. Then the others heard the secret, and very soon it became known to two mermaids whose intimate friend happened to know who the prince was. She had also seen the festival on board ship, and she told them where the prince came fr om, and where his palace stood."Come, little sister," said the other princesses; then they entwined their arms and rose up in a long row to the surface o f the water, close by the spot where they knew the prince's palace stood. It was built of bright yellow shining stone, wit h long flights of marble steps, one of which reached quite down to the sea. Splendid gilded cupolas rose over the roof, a nd between the pillars that surrounded the whole building stood lifelike statues of marble. Through the clear crystal of t he lofty windows could be seen noble rooms, with costly silk curtains and hangings of tapestry; while the walls were cov ered with beautiful paintings which were a pleasure to look at. In the centre of the largest saloon a fountain threw its sp arkling jets high up into the glass cupola of the ceiling, through which the sun shone down upon the water and upon the beautiful plants growing round the basin of the fountain. Now that she knew where he lived, she spent many an evenin g and many a night on the water near the palace. She would swim much nearer the shore than any of the others ventur ed to do; indeed once she went quite up the narrow channel under the marble balcony, which threw a broad shadow o n the water. Here she would sit and watch the young prince, who thought himself quite alone in the bright moonlight. S he saw him many times of an evening sailing in a pleasant boat, with music playing and flags waving. She peeped out fr om among the green rushes, and if the wind caught her long silverywhite veil, those who saw it believed it to be a swan, spreading out its wings. On many a night, too, when the fishermen, with their torches, were out at sea, she heard them relate so many good things about the doings of the young prince, that she was glad she had saved his life when he had been tossed about halfdead on the waves. And she remembered that his head had rested on her bosom, and how heart ily she had kissed him; but he knew nothing of all this, and could not even dream of her. She grew more and more fondof human beings, and wished more and more to be able to wander about with those whose world seemed to be so muc h larger than her own. They could fly over the sea in ships, and mount the high hills which were far above the clouds; an d the lands they possessed, their woods and their fields, stretched far away beyond the reach of her sight. There was so much that she wished to know, and her sisters were unable to answer all her questions. Then she applied to her old gra ndmother, who knew all about the upper world, which she very rightly called the lands above the sea."If human beings are not drowned," asked the little mermaid, "can they live forever? do they never die as we do here i n the sea?""Yes," replied the old lady, "they must also die, and their term of life is even shorter than ours. We sometimes live to th ree hundred years, but when we cease to exist here we only become the foam on the surface of the water, and we hav e not even a grave down here of those we love. We have not immortal souls, we shall never live again; but, like the gree n seaweed, when once it has been cut off, we can never flourish more. Human beings, on the contrary, have a soul whic h lives forever, lives after the body has been turned to dust. It rises up through the clear, pure air beyond the glittering stars. As we rise out of the water, and behold all the land of the earth, so do they rise to unknown and glorious regions which we shall never see.""Why have not we an immortal soul?" asked the little mermaid mournfully; "I would give gladly all the hundreds of year s that I have to live, to be a human being only for one day, and to have the hope of knowing the happiness of that glorio us world above the stars.""You must not think of that," said the old woman; "we feel ourselves to be much happier and much better off than hum an beings.""So I shall die," said the little mermaid, "and as the foam of the sea I shall be driven about never again to hear the musi c of the waves, or to see the pretty flowers nor the red sun. Is there anything I can do to win an immortal soul?" "No," said the old woman, "unless a man were to love you so much that you were more to him than his father or mothe r; and if all his thoughts and all his love were fixed upon you, and the priest placed his right hand in yours, and he promi sed to be true to you here and hereafter, then his soul would glide into your body and you would obtain a share in the f uture happiness of mankind. He would give a soul to you and retain his own as well; but this can never happen. Your fis h's tail, which amongst us is considered so beautiful, is thought on earth to be quite ugly; they do not know any better, and they think it necessary to have two stout props, which they call legs, in order to be handsome."Then the little mermaid sighed, and looked sorrowfully at her fish's tail. "Let us be happy," said the old lady, "and dart a nd spring about during the three hundred years that we have to live, which is really quite long enough; after that we ca n rest ourselves all the better. This evening we are going to have a court ball."It is one of those splendid sights which we can never see on earth. The walls and the ceiling of the large ballroom were of thick, but transparent crystal. May hundreds of colossal shells, some of a deep red, others of a grass green, stood on each side in rows, with blue fire in them, which lighted up the whole saloon, and shone through the walls, so that the se a was also illuminated. Innumerable fishes, great and small, swam past the crystal walls; on some of them the scales glo wed with a purple brilliancy, and on others they shone like silver and gold. Through the halls flowed a broad stream, an d in it danced the mermen and the mermaids to the music of their own sweet singing. No one on earth has such a lovel y voice as theirs. The little mermaid sang more sweetly than them all. The whole court applauded her with hands and ta ils; and for a moment her heart felt quite gay, for she knew she had the loveliest voice of any on earth or in the sea. But she soon thought again of the world above her, for she could not forget the charming prince, nor her sorrow that she h ad not an immortal soul like his; therefore she crept away silently out of her father's palace, and while everything withi n was gladness and song, she sat in her own little garden sorrowful and alone. Then she heard the bugle sounding throu gh the water, and thought"He is certainly sailing above, he on whom my wishes depend, and in whose hands I should lik e to place the happiness of my life. I will venture all for him, and to win an immortal soul, while my sisters are dancing i n my father's palace, I will go to the sea witch, of whom I have always been so much afraid, but she can give me counsel and help."And then the little mermaid went out from her garden, and took the road to the foaming whirlpools, behind which the s orceress lived. She had never been that way before: neither flowers nor grass grew there; nothing but bare, gray, sandy ground stretched out to the whirlpool, where the water, like foaming millwheels, whirled round everything that it seize d, and cast it into the fathomless deep. Through the midst of these crushing whirlpools the little mermaid was obliged t o pass, to reach the dominions of the sea witch; and also for a long distance the only road lay right across a quantity of warm, bubbling mire, called by the witch her turfmoor. Beyond this stood her house, in the centre of a strange forest, i n which all the trees and flowers were polypi, half animals and half plants; they looked like serpents with a hundred hea ds growing out of the ground. The branches were long slimy arms, with fingers like flexible worms, moving limb after li mb from the root to the top. All that could be reached in the sea they seized upon, and held fast, so that it never escape d from their clutches. The little mermaid was so alarmed at what she saw, that she stood still, and her heart beat with fear, and she was very nearly turning back; but she thought of the prince, and of the human soul for which she longed, a nd her courage returned. She fastened her long flowing hair round her head, so that the polypi might not seize hold of i t. She laid her hands together across her bosom, and then she darted forward as a fish shoots through the water, betwe en the supple arms and fingers of the ugly polypi, which were stretched out on each side of her. She saw that each held in its grasp something it had seized with its numerous little arms, as if they were iron bands. The white skeletons of hu man beings who had perished at sea, and had sunk down into the deep waters, skeletons of land animals, oars, rudders, and chests of ships were lying tightly grasped by their clinging arms; even a little mermaid, whom they had caught and strangled; and this seemed the most shocking of all to the little princess.She now came to a space of marshy ground in the wood, where large, fat watersnakes were rolling in the mire, and sho wing their ugly, drabcolored bodies. In the midst of this spot stood a house, built with the bones of shipwrecked human beings. There sat the sea witch, allowing a toad to eat from her mouth, just as people sometimes feed a canary with a p iece of sugar. She called the ugly watersnakes her little chickens, and allowed them to crawl all over her bosom."I know what you want," said the sea witch; "it is very stupid of you, but you shall have your way, and it will bring you to sorrow, my pretty princess. You want to get rid of your fish's tail, and to have two supports instead of it, like human bei ngs on earth, so that the young prince may fall in love with you, and that you may have an immortal soul." And then the witch laughed so loud and disgustingly, that the toad and the snakes fell to the ground, and lay there wriggling about. " You are but just in time," said the witch; "for after sunrise tomorrow I should not be able to help you till the end of anot her year. I will prepare a draught for you, with which you must swim to land tomorrow before sunrise, and sit down on the shore and drink it. Your tail will then disappear, and shrink up into what mankind calls legs, and you will feel great p ain, as if a sword were passing through you. But all who see you will say that you are the prettiest little human being th ey ever saw. You will still have the same floating gracefulness of movement, and no dancer will ever tread so lightly; but at every step you take it will feel as if you were treading upon sharp knives, and that the blood must flow. If you will be ar all this, I will help you.""Yes, I will," said the little princess in a trembling voice, as she thought of the prince and the immortal soul."But think again," said the witch; "for when once your shape has become like a human being, you can no more be a mer maid. You will never return through the water to your sisters, or to your father's palace again; and if you do not win the love of the prince, so that he is willing to forget his father and mother for your sake, and to love you with his whole soul , and allow the priest to join your hands that you may be man and wife, then you will never have an immortal soul. The。
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Chapter 9 The Law of the Sea1.IntroductionOne:definitionThe law by which States regulate their relations in respect of the marine territory subject to coastal State jurisdiction andthose areas of the sea and sea beyond any national jurisdiction.Two:related convention①the Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone②the Convention on the Continental Shelf③the Convention on Fishing and the Conservation of the Living Resources of the High Seas④Convention on the High Seas2.BaselinesOne:normal baselineThe starting point for drawing the baseline is the low water line along the coast.Two:straight baseline (in some special cases)Where the coastline is heavily indented or fringed with islands, it may be impractical for the baseline to follow exactly thelow water mark along the coast.Three:How to draw the baselines under the complex topographical situations①Bay:海湾Straight baselines can be drawn across bays provided they do not exceed 24 milesHistoric bays only enjoy exclusive fishing rights. (requirement: 1历史长期存在2国际承认3国家在上面行使主权)②River mouthsThe baseline will be a straight line across the mouth of the river between points on the low water line of its banks.If the river enters the sea via a delta, baselines will be calculated by the low water line or by straight baselines.③Harbour works (exception: artificial islands or offshore installations)Outermost permanent harbour works can act as the baseline.④Low-tide-elevation(Drying Rocks) Land which is submerged by water at high tide but above water at low tide may constitute if it is situatedat a distance not exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea from the mainland or an island. ⑤IslandsBaseline will be drawn islands, no matter how small how small, in the normal way. Every island is capable of possessing a territorial sea. 3. Internal waters①Lie on the landward side of the baseline. ②Constitute an integral part of coastal state. ③Full sovereign rights.④No rights of innocent passage through internal waters. 4. Territorial sea One:DefinitionA belt of sea adjacent to its coast and the sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea and its bed and subsoil.Two:The breadth of the territorial sea: 12 nautical miles Three:The right of innocent passagePassage:continuous and expeditious; all submarines must navigate on the surface.Innocence: not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the coastal state5.differences between EEZ & Continental Shelf & High Sea ZoneBreadthRightsEES and contiguous zone （专属经济区和毗邻区） The EEZ must be expressly claimed （必须由一国明确主张） Coast States enjoys sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring, conserving and managing the natural resources of the sea bed, subsoil and superjacent waters.（沿海国享有以勘探、养护和管理海床上覆水域和海床及其底土的自然资源为目的的主权权利）Continental Shelf （大陆架） Maximum 200 miles or , exceptionally, 350 miles （最大距离200海里，例外时350海里） Coastal State has exclusive rights to the exploitation and exploration of the naturalresources of the sea bed and subsoil （沿海国有勘探和开发海床和底土的资源的专属权利） High seas （公海） All sea not included in the EEZ territorial sea, or internal wasters （不包括专属经济区、领海或内水的所有区域） All States enjoy freedom of the high sea, jurisdiction is exercised by the flag State,subject to Certain exceptions （所有国家享有公海自由，船旗国享有管辖权）6.the chart of Maritime zones Zone BreadthRightsInternal watersAll water on landward side of baseline ’ Coastal state has completesovereignty subject to the rightof foreign vessels in distress to seek safety in internal waters. Territorial seaMaximum 12 milesCostal state has sovereignty subject to the right of innocent passage of foreign ships.EEZ and contiguous(连续的） zone Maximum 200 milesThe EEZ must be expressly claimed Coastal state enjoys sovereign rights for the purpose ofexploiting,conserving andmanaging the natural resources of the sea bed,subsoil and superiacent waters. Continental ShelfMaximum 200 miles or exceptionally 350 milesCostal states has exclusiverights to the exploitation and exploration of the natural resources of the sea bed and subsoil.High seasAll sea not included in the EEZ,territorial sea or internal waters All states enjoy freedom of the high seas,jurisdiction is exercised by the flagState,subject to certain exceptions. International sea bed Sea bed under the high seasConstitutes part of the common heritage of mankind.。