2021年电大学位英语复习资料1

重点语法解析（1）
1、普通当前时
(1)表达经常如发生动作或存在状态：常和always，usually，often，sometimes，every
day，every week等时间状语连用。

例：He goes to work every day。

她每天去上班。

(2)表达普遍真理。

由于是众所周知客观事实，因此普通不用时间状语。

例：The earth is round. 地球是圆。

(3)有些表达心理状态或感情动词往往用普通当前时。

例：I don′t think you are right. 我以为你错了。

(4)在时间、条件状语从句中表达将来动作，遵循“主将从现”原则。

惯用连词有as soon
as，when，until，if，unless。

咱们在此引用三道真题。

例1-When are you going to visit your uncle in Chicago?
-As soon as ____ _ our work for tomorrow.
A.we′re complete
B. we′d complete
C. we′ll complete
D. we complete
答案【D】(11月34题)
例2 They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ____ their exams.
A.have finished
B.finsh
C.finished
D.was finishing
答案【B】(1996年22题)
例3 When the mixture ____ ，it will give off a powerful force.
A.will heat
B.will be heated
C.is heated
D.has heated
答案【C】(1992年5题)
2、当前进行时
(1)表达此时此刻(说话时)正在进行动作。

例：The teacher is talking with his students.教师正在与学生们谈话。

(2)表达现阶段正在进行动作。

例：I am attending a conference in New York. 我正在纽约参加一种会议。

3、当前完毕时
(1)表达动作刚刚结束(常和just，now，already，yet等词连用);或表达动作成果(普通不用时间状语)
例1 Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。

(阐明当前灯已经关上了)
例2 I has lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。

(阐明过去某时丢，当前我还没有找到这支笔)
(2)表达过去某时开始动作始终延续到当前，并且也许会继续延续下午(常与由since 引导短语或从句，或由for引导短语连用)。

例1 He has ____ the army for ten years and is now an officer. 她入伍，现为军官。

(当前还在军中)
A.gone into
B.joined in
C.been in
e into
【答案】C(1995年49题)
例2 They′ve known each other since childhood.她们从小结识。

(当前还继续来往)
(3)非延续性动词和it is + 时间+ since... (过去)
英语中有些动词不能延续，由于不能和表达延续时间状语连用(如for ten years)
例：It is ten years since he left home and joined the army.她离乡入伍已。

对非延续性动词，表达完毕时态时惯用it is+时间+since... 句型代替，从句用过去时态。

(4)have (has) been to和have (has) gone to区别：
have (has) been to：去过某地(表达某人一种经历)，可以和once，twice，often，never，ever 连用。

have (has) gone to：去某地了(表达某人已经离开本地，在去某地路途上或已在某地，因此普通来说此句只用于第三人称)，此句型不能与上述时间状语连用。

例1 He has gone to America. 她已经去了美国。

(当前不在本地)
例2 He has been to America twice. 她(曾经)去过美国两次。

4、当前完毕进行时
表达从过去某时始终延续到当前一种动作，这个动作普通会继续延续下去，或是到说话时结束，但是强调说话时为止始终在做动作。

例1 I ____ on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.
A.was knocking
B.am knocking
C.knocking
D.have been knocking
【答案】D (1998年49题) now 一次表达敲门动作持续进行始终到当前
例2 Since he left the university，he ____ in an accounting company.
A.has been working
B.had worked
C.had been working
D.have been knocking
【答案】A (4月16题)表达自大学毕业起始终在会计公司工作。

5、普通过去时
(1)表达过去动作或状态，常和详细过去时间状语连用，如just now，last year，when I was 18 years old等。

例：You′ve already missed too many classes this term.You ____ two classes just last week.
A.missed
B.would miss
C.had missed
D.have missed
【答案】A (1995年59题)
(2)used to do sth.过去经常做……
例：I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在上午散步。

(意味着当前不在上午散步了)注意：
当前完毕时和普通过去时区别：
普通过去时重要表达过去某个时间发生或完毕动作或存在过状态。

这种动作或状态与当前没有任何联系。

它只是表达过去发生过(或已完毕)，过去存在过。

句中往往有明确表达过去时间状语。

如：just now，last year，when I was 18 years old等。

当前完毕时则是由当前回顾过去一种状态，强调是“与否曾经有过怎么一回事，该事完毕后一流下来影响或成果”。

绝对不能使用指定过去某一时间点时间状语。

常与下列副词连用：aleady，recently，yet，before，just，ever，never，since，so far，in (over，during) the past few years 等。

上面举例子就能较好地体现这一区别。

6、过去进行时
(1)表达在过去某一段时间正在进行动作。

常需用表达过去时间状语或通过上下文莱判断时间。

例子：He was doing his homework form seven to nine last night.昨天晚上7点到9点她正在做作业。

(2)when和while用法区别：
when 表达一定特定期间点，其所引导句子用过去时，while表达持续一段时间，其所引导句子用过去进行时。

例1 I fell and hurt muself while I ____ tennis.
A.was playing
B.am playing
C.play
D.played
【答案】A(1983年43题)
例2 When you ____ this over with her，you should not see her any more.
A.talk
B.talked
C.will talk
D.talking
【答案】B(1999年35题)
例2 One of the guards ____ when the general came in，which made him very angry.
A.has slept
B.were sleeping
C.slept
D.was sleeping
【答案】D(1996年23题)
(3)过去进行时表达过去将来作用。

当前进行时可以表达将来动作。

同样过去进行时也可以表达从过去某时间看将来要发生动作。

例：He went to see Xiao Li. He was leaving early the next morning. 她去看小李。

她第二天一早就要离开此地了。

7、过去完毕时
(1)表达在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完毕了动作(即过去过去)。

这个过去某一时间可用by，before等介词或连词引导短语或一种从句来表达。

例1 When I went to visit Mrs. Smith last week，I was told she ____ two days before.
A.has left
B.was leaving
C.would leave
D.had left
【答案】D(11月40题)
例2 About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read，the Chinese ____ paper.
A.inented
B.had inwented
C.have inented
D.had been invented
【答案】B(1997年35题)
(2)表达从过去某一时间开始，始终持续到另一种过去时间动作。

例：The chemistry class ____ for live minutes when we hurried there.
A.had been on
B.was on
C.has been on
D.would be on
【答案】A(1995年24题)
(3)在具有before，after，as soon as 等连词引导状语从句复合句中，由于连词自身可以明确表达动作发生先后顺序，因而主句和从句都可以用普通过去时表达，而不用过去完毕时。

例：I called him as soon as I arrived. 我刚一到就给她打电话。

(4)过去完毕时惯用在no sooner … than …，hardly/scarcely/barely…when…，“一…就…”句型之中，句子倒装。

例1 No sooner had we sat down ____ we found it was time to go.
A.than
B.when
C.as
D.while
例2 Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out. 她刚打开门，蜡烛就被一阵风催灭了。

注意：
普通过去时和过去完毕时区别：
两者都表达动作，但普通过去时表达相称于当前过去时间，而过去完毕时则表达相称于过去某一
时刻过去，即过去过去。

过去曾经做过事，应当用过去时。

过去完毕时普通表达两个过去动作一先一后。

过去完毕时单独使用时要用by引导时间状语表达“到……时候为止”，如：
I finished the work yesterday.
They had fulfilled their task by the end of last year.
8、普通将来时
(1)will(shall)+ 原形动词：表达将来动作或状态
例：He will come and help you. 她回来协助你。

(2)be going to + 动词原形：表达立即就要发生事情或打算好要做事。

例：Are you going to attend the lecture?你打算去听这个讲座吗?
(3)be to + 动词原形：表达安排或筹划好了动作。

例：The Five-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day. 五环路将在国庆节前通车。

(4)be about to + 动词原形：表达即将发生动作。

例：The lecture is about to begin. 讲座即将开始。

(5)某些表达开始、终结、往来行动动词，如：go，come，start，arrive，leave等，用当前进行时可表达将来。

例1 We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 咱们明天动身去北京
例2 The foreign guests are arriving in Shnghai tonight.
9、将来完毕时
表达在将来某一时间此前完毕动作。

这是近年来考试重点。

其句型基本构造就是will have hone. 咱们下面通过几道真题来解说这一语法点。

例1 By next year he ____ in New York for live years.
A.has worked
B.has been working
C.works
D.will have worked
【答案】D (11月30题)
本句意思是：到来年为止，她在纽约已经工作了5年了。

补充：如果句子中由by引导时间状语，句子需要用完毕时;by后跟是将来时间，句子需要用将来完毕时，表达将来某时之前已经完毕动作，如
By next Friday，he will have studied here for three years.
到下周五，她在这里学习就要满3年了。

例2 By the end of next year they ____ together for twenty years.
A.will have worked
B.had worked
C.would work
D.have worked
【答案】A (48题) 本句意思是：到来年年终为止，她们已经一起工作了。

例3 I ____ writing the article by the time you get back.
A.shall finish
B.must have finished
C.have finished
D.shall have finsihed
【答案】D(24题)本句意思是：到你回来时候，我会完毕这篇论文。

10、将来完毕进行时
这一语言点在近来考试中也有所考查。

句型构造为will have been doing。

例：By the time you arrive this evening，____ for two hours.
A.I will study
B.I will have been studied
C.I had studied
D.I will have been studying
【答案】D(11月41题)本句意思是：到今晚你来时候，我就已经学习了两个小时了。

动词时态配套练习
1. Mary ____ in the garden when it began to rain.
A.was walking
B.walked
C.walking
D.had waked
2. English ____in a new way at my college in the past few years.
A.has been teaching
B.was being taught
C.has been taught
D.has been taught
3. Smith is to study medicine as soon as be ____ military service.
A.will finish B has finished C finish D would finish
4. Please be sure to telephone me the next time you ____ .
A.will come
B.would come
C.shall come
e
5. When I got to the top of the mountain ，the sun ____.
A.shone
B.shines
C.has shone
D.was shining
6. Return the book immediately to the library as soon as you ____ with it.
A.finish
B.are finished
C.have finished
D.are finishing
7. -How are you feeling?
-I have been feeling better since ____ .
A.the orctor has come
B.the doctor will come
C.the doctor had come
D.the doctor came
8. The chemistry class ____ for five minutes when we hurried there.
A.had been on
B.was on
C.has been on
D.would be on
9. By the time Juan gets home，her aunt ____ .
A.will have
B.leaves
C.will have left
D.is leaving
10. You′ve already missed too many classes this term.You ___ two classes just last week.
A.missed
B.would miss
C.had missed
D.have missed
11. One of the guards ____ _ when the general came in，which made him very angry.
A.has slept
B.were sleeping
C.slept
D.was sleeping
12. Dr.Robert went to New York，bought some books and ____ .
A.visiting his daughter
B.to visit his daughter
C.visit his daughter
D.visited his daughter
13.I ____writing the article by the time you get back.
A.shall finish
B.must have finished
C.have finished
D.shall have finished
14. There is a knock on the door. It is the second time someone ____ me this evening.
A.interrupted
B.has interrupted
C.would interrupt
D.interrupt
15. -Is there anything wrong?
-No，so far I ____ no trouble.
A.have had
B.had
C.have
D.had had
16. No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she _____ them.
A.tries
B.will try
C.are trying
D.has tried
参照答案：ACBDD；CDACA；DDDBAA
1、谓语动词被动：基本形式见上面表格，多结合时态来考查。

例1 The goods ____ when we arrived at the airport.
A.were just unloading
B.wrer just been unloading
C.had just unloaded
D.were just being unloaded
【答案】D(4月22题)
例2 He _____ when the bus came to a sudden stop.
A.was almost hurt
B.was almost to hurt himself
C.was almost hurt himself
D.was almost
hurting himself
【答案】A(4月33题)
2、情态动词被动语态构成：情态动词+be+过去分词
例：I can′t find the recorder in the room. It _____ by somebody.
A. must have taken
B.may have taken
C.may have been taken
D.should have been taken
【答案】C(11月22题)
此题考察是综合知识点。

一方面是被动语态，录音机被人拿走了。

此外还考察了情态动词加完毕式表达对过去时间推测。

3、感官动词及使役动词(如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid)在积极语态中用无to不定式作宾补，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to
例1 Because of many mistakes，she was made _____ these letters again.
A.tape
B.to typing
C.typed
D.to type
【答案】D(11月22题)本句意思是：由于错误太多，她又把字重新打了一遍。

4、用积极表达被动含义
(1)need/require+doing sth.(=to be done)(此句型主语大多为物)。

例1 It is hot and dry;the flowers need _____ .
A.being watered
B.be watered
C.to water
D.to be watered
【答案】D(11月23题)本句意思是：天气又热又干燥，花需要浇水。

例2 My room is a mess.It needs _____ .
A.to be tidying up
B.tidying up
C.to tidy up
D.tidied up
【答案】B(47题)本句意思是：我房间很乱，需要收拾。

(2)sell，wash，read，write，run等动词带状语修饰时。

例：This kind of clothes sells well.这种衣服卖得较好。

The pen writes smoothly.这支笔书写流利。

(3)主语+ sound(feel，look，smell，taste)+形容词。

例：The dish ____ _ terrible!I don′t like it at all.
A.tastes
B.tasted
C.will taste
D.is tasted
【答案】A(11月19题) 本句意思是：这盘菜太难吃了，我一点也不喜欢。

被动语态配套练习
1. The middle-aged man was seen _____ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.
A.came
e
C.to come
D.have come
2. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ____ comfortably.
A.in worn
B.wearing
C.wears
D.are worn
3. This out-of-date teaching method ___ _ .
A.must do away with
B.must have done away with
C.must being done away with
D.must be done away wish
4. A fire _____ during the night and a large number of houses ____ _ to ashes.
A.broke out ，were burnt
B.was broke out ，were burnt
C.broke out ，burnt
D.set out ，were burned
5. English _____ in Australia.
A.speaks
B.are spoken
C.is soeaking
D.is spoken
6. A new house ____ at the corner of the road.
A.is building
B.is being built
C.been bulit
D.be building
7. His new book _____ next month.
A.will be published
B.is publishing
C.si beding published
D.has been published
8. _____ the watch been repaired yet?I bably need it.
A.Does
B.Has
C.Is
D.Are
9. The flowers ___ _ often.
A.must be water
B.must be watered
C.must watered
D.must water
10. The pot ___ _ for ____ _ hot water.
ed;keeping
B.was used;keeping
C.is used;to keep
D.are used;keep
11. How dirty the tables are ！They need _____ .
A.to clean
B.clean
C.cleaning
D.cleaned
12. Newly-born babies _____ in hospital.
A.are taken good care
B.are taken good care of
C.take good care of
D.take good care
13. The apple _____ very sweet.
A.is tasted
B.taste
C.tastes
D.are tasting
14.-What do you think of the TV play?
-Wonderful. It is worth _____ a second time.
A.watching
B.watched
C.seen
D.seeing
15.A photo _____ each time that button ______ .
A.has taken;has pushed
B.has been taken;has pushed
C.is taken;will be pushed
D.is taken;is pushed
参照答案：CCDAD；BABBB；CBCAD
虚拟语调
虚拟语调是英语三级考试必考知识点之一，也是体现英汉语言习惯区别一种语法现象。

在汉语里表达假设虚拟状况惯用某些虚词来表达，例如“假设”、“如果”等，而英文中表达虚拟状况不但有虚词提示，谓语动词也要相应变化。

虚拟语调基本作用是：
(1)表达假设状况与事实相反;(2)表达异想天开很难实现愿望;(3)表达建议命令劝告等语调。

本某些重点讲if引导虚拟条件句，含蓄条件句、特殊构造中虚拟语调，及should+动词原形用法。

1、虚拟语调基本形式和用法
虚拟(条件)语调中，主句与从句中谓语动词形式可分为下面三类：
假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式
与当前事实相反If+动词过去式(be用were而不用was)would(第一人称可用should)+动词原形与过去事实相反If+had+过去分词would(第一人称可用should)+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反If+were to+动词原形或If+should+动词原形would(第一人称可用should)+动词原形
下面咱们列举今年真题来强化记忆。

例1 Mary said to me，“Had I seen your bag，I ____ _ it to you.”
A.will return
B.must return
C.could return
D.would have returned
【答案】D(4月45题)
例2 I would ask George to lend us the money if I ____ _ him.
A.would come
B.would have come
C.had come
D.came
【答案】C(1995年38题)
例3 If Bob ____ _ with us，he would have had a good time.
A.would come
B.would have come
C.had come
D.came
【答案】C(1995年59题)
1、省略if虚拟形式
在虚拟条件句中，如谓语包括were，had，should等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。

例1 ____ the advice of his friends，he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.
A.If he took
B.If he should take
C.Were he to take
D.Had he taken
【答案】D(4月32题)
例2 ___ ，I should ask them some questions.
A.Should they come to us
B.If they come to us
C.Were they come to us
D.Had they come to us
【答案】A(1997年30题)
例3 ____ ，you were busy，I would′t have bothered you with my questions.
A.If I realized
B.Had I realized
C.Did I have realized that
D.As I realized
【答案】B(1996年39题)
2、含蓄条件句
有时一种假设状况不用条件从句表达，而用其她方式来表达，这样句子叫含蓄条件句。

惯用with，without，but for引导。

例1 Without heat and sunlight，plants on the earth _____ well.
A.would not grow
B.will not grow
C.had not grown
D.would not be grown
【答案】A(11月32题)
例2 But for my classmates′help，I ____ the work in time.
A.did not finish
B.could not finish
C.will not finish
D.would not have finished 【答案】A(11月32题)
例3 But for the rain，we _____ a nice holiday.
A.should have
B.would have had
C.would have
D.will have had
【答案】B(4月28题)。