野花组合在园林造景中的运用

野花组合在园林造景中的运用
野花组合在园林造景中的运用当前,在园林绿化领域,创造自然、多样的园林景观,探索回归自然的植物应用形式,建设节约型、可持续发展的生态环境是将来发展的方向。

野花组合的应用无疑迎合了这个趋势,它种类丰富、野趣盎然、应用广泛、管理粗放、成本低廉、观赏期长,正逐渐应用于郊野公园、林带绿化、道路绿化等各种场所,极大限度的将城市园林景观推向了崭新的局面。

At present, in the field of afforestation, create natural, diversity of landscape, exploring the application form, return to natural plants construction economy, the sustainable development of ecological environment is the direction of future development. Wildflowers is catered to the trend of application of variety, delight in it is abundant, wide application, management extensive, low cost, long period, is gradually applied in country parks, forest green, road greening, such as all kinds of places, greatly limits the city landscape into a new situation.
1.野花组合的的介绍与特点
1. Introduction of wildflowers and features
自上个世纪70年代野花组合就已在西方园林造景中开始流行,但目前在国内还运用较少,随着现代人们对自然的向往与审美情趣的不断提高,自然而富有野趣的野花地被正在逐渐被运用到现代园林中。

Wildflowers since the 70 s had became popular in the western landscape gardening, but also in domestic use less, as modern people yearning for nature and aesthetic temperament and interest, being natural and rich in the delight of wild flowers are being used in modern landscape architecture.
1.1野花组合的概念定义
1.1 the concept definition of wildflowers
野花组合通常是由多种一、二年生草本花卉及多年生宿根花卉按照一定的配方混合组成。

其配方原则一般是根据应用地区的气候条件、海拔条件、土壤条件、花卉的生物学特性、生态习性以及应用目的、景观配置要求等,选用不同的花卉品种、种类以及不同的成分比例配合而成的花卉组合。

Wildflowers usually consists of a variety of, biennial and perennial herbaceous flowers perennial root flowers mixed according to certain formula. Its formulation principles are generally according to the application condition, soil condition, climate condition, the elevation of biological characteristics, ecological habits, application purpose of flowers, landscape configuration requirements, choose different varieties of flower, types and different composition proportion coordination and combination of flowers.
1.2野花组合的特点
1.2 the characteristics of wildflowers
野花组合中使用的花卉大多具有野生性状,也就是具有野生花卉强健的生态适应性和抗逆性。

这些“野花”一经播种,一年生花卉通常具有很强的自播繁衍能力,能保持多年连续开花不断;多年生花卉则可以常年生长开花。

Wild flowers flowers are used in combination with wild character, namely has the wild flowers, strong ecological adaptability and resistance. Once these "flowers" is sowing seeds, annual flowers usually have very strong since the reproduction ability, can maintain years continuous bloom; Perennial flowers, flower can grow all year round.
栽种野花组合具有成本低、景观宏大、色彩艳丽的特点。

野花需水量比草坪草少,管理又比盆花省事,是草坪草、盆花很好的替代品。

Planting wildflowers has low cost, big, colorful landscape features. Wild flowers water less than lawn grass, management
and convenient than potted flower, lawn grass, potted flower is a good substitute.
1.2.1丰富多样的景观性
1.2.1 the rich variety of landscape
配方混合的野花组合中通常包含了多种春、夏、秋三季开花的花卉种类,且花色丰富多彩,一经种植,就可从春到夏、从夏到秋开花不断,美不胜收。

尤其是大面积种植时,人们仿佛徜徉在花海,或是置身于原生旷野,可真切地感受到大自然的回归。

Formula usually contains several types of hybrid combinations of wild flowers bloom in spring, summer, autumn three quarter of flower species, and design and color is rich and colorful, once planted, can from spring to summer, from summer to autumn flowering, beautiful. Especially when large area planting, people seemed to be wandering in the flower fields, or in the original wilderness, can truly feel the return of the nature.
1.2.2良好的生态性与抗逆性
1.2.2 ecosystem of the good and the resistance
采用“原生态”的野生花草作为绿化品种,具有较强的优势。

野生花草土生土长,能够适应本地气候,容易成活;从美观上说,野花能顺应时节开放,让人感到清新的生态美;野草在一年四季中可呈现大自然的斑斓色彩,相对于人工草坪单一的颜色,更具自然美;另外,土生土长的野生花草更能体现出旅游景点与城市绿化的地方特色,摆脱了绿化中千城一面的陈旧模式。

Use "original" wild flowers as greening varieties, has strong advantages. Native wild flowers and plants, can adapt to the local climate, easy to survival; From beautiful, flowers can comply with the open season, let a person feel pure and fresh and ecological beauty; Weeds in all the year round can take on the colors of nature, relative to the lawn of a single color, more natural beauty; In addition, native of wild flowers and plants can
reflect more scenic spots and urban greening of local characteristics, get rid of the green thousand city in the old model below.
1.2.3粗放养护,管理成本低廉
1.2.3 extensive maintenance, management cost is low
野花组合具有省工省时,管理粗放,节省水源,景观效果突出的特点。

据统计,采用本地花草绿化可节约管理、成本等费用达60%以水泥制管机上。

Wildflowers has the provincial workers save time, extensive management, save water, the characteristics of the landscape effect is prominent. According to statistics, the local plants and green can cost such as saving the cost of management, more than 60%.
野花组合对水肥要求较低,只要小苗前期给足充沛水分,后期在一些雨水较多地区,依靠降雨就可以维持景观效果。

野花组合中使用的品种大多具有较强的适应性和抗逆性。

大部分组合类型都可以维持2年以上的景观效果。

如上海土生土长的蒲公英、苦菜、荠菜、艾蒿、狗尾草等一旦成坪,基本在后期不需要养护管理。

酿酒设备
Wildflowers on sewage sludge with low, as long as the rootstocks prior to abundant moisture, late more rain in some areas, depending on rainfall can maintain landscape effect. Wildflowers used in most of the varieties with strong adaptability and resistance. Most combination types can maintain more than 2 years of landscape effect. As a Shanghai native of dandelion, sowthistle, shepherd's purse, mugwort, green bristlegrass sod was once, such as basic in the later don't need to maintenance and management.
2.野花组合的不同类型与混合配方
2. The different types of wildflowers and mixing formula
2.1 野花品种混合原则
2.1 wildflower species mixed principle
野花组合应以因地制宜为首要原则,要根据使用区域用地性质的差异而选择相适应的野花品种,生态细木工板如临时绿地可选用波斯菊、山荞麦等生长强健的品种,播种后见效快,花期长;又如在人流量较大的公共绿地,则应以种植观赏价值高,花色鲜艳的野花品种,如角堇、黄金菊等。

只要做到把植物的生态学特性与使用需求相结合,就可以达到事半功倍的效果。

户外健身器材
Wildflowers should adjust measures to local conditions as the first principle, with the nature of the regional land use difference and choose corresponding to varieties of wild flowers, such as temporary green space can choose cosmos, mountain buckwheat growth such as robust varieties, sowing after quick effect, long flowering; Again as in the public green space of foot traffic, you should to grow high ornamental value, colorful wildflowers varieties, such as Angle of violet, chamomile and etc. As long as do the plant ecology characteristic of the combined with use requirements, can achieve twice the result with half the effort.
2.2根据植株高度区分
2.2 according to the height of the plants
根据野花组合植株高度的不同大致可分为矮生、中生和高生组合三大类,一般园林中常用的是矮生组合,这类野花的整体高度大多在45cm?以下,?组合品种包括一二年生和多年生品种,一二年生的自播习性和多年生的宿根性,使得景观效果可以延续多年。

According to the height of wildflowers plants of different can be roughly divided into dwarf, and combination of three kinds of this product, generally garden dwarf is commonly used in combination, this kind of wild flowers mostly in 45 cm overall height? The following,? Portfolio include a biennial and perennial varieties, a biennial seeding habit and perennial perennial root
sex, make landscape effect can last for many years.
2.3根据花色区分
2.3 according to the design and color to distinguish
某些景观地通过选择同一色系的花种组合,可以组成黄色、红色、粉色等各色系的野花组合,结合坡地造型大面积种植可以达到纯净、自然、震撼的景观效果。

Some landscape by selecting flowers the same color combination, can form yellow, red, pink, etc all kinds of wild flowers, combining with the slope shape large area planting can achieve pure, natural, powerful landscape effect.
2.4根据适应性区分
2.4 according to the adaptability
根据植物生长特性的差异可以分为湿生、旱生、耐荫、耐热等分类组合。

如在成熟景观区域的隐蔽环境,每天提供直射的阳光只能在1-4小时之内,因此要选择耐荫的野花品种,如马蔺、毛地黄、射干、紫花地丁、玉簪、石蒜组合。

Based on the differences of plant growth characteristics can be divided into wet and dry raw, such as shade-tolerance, heat-resisting category combination. Such as hidden in the mature landscape area environment, provide direct sunlight
every day can only be 1-4 hours, so choose shade-tolerance of varieties of wild flowers, such as marin, foxglove, rhizoma belamcandae, herba violae, h., lycoris radiata combination.
3.野花组合在新城中的运用
3. The wild flowers combinations used in the new town
嘉定新城目前正处于绿化景观全面建设时期,远香湖、紫气东来、石岗门塘等大型公共绿地建设规模大、品质定位高,目前在这些景观绿地中已大面积种植野花,计划将新城打造为“花城”,成为嘉定新城的一大亮点,同时也符合目前建设节能型、生态性城市的宗旨要求。

Jiading new town at present, in the period of greening
landscape construction is the lake, sabingga sukdun dergici jimbi, shigang door ponds and other large public green space construction of large scale and high quality positioning, currently in these landscape green space has large area planting wildflowers, plans to establish new town as an "huacheng", has become a spotlight of jiading new town, and at the same time also accord with energy-saving, ecological city construction is the objective requirements.
3.1当地野花植物品种的选择
3.1 the local wild flowers, the choice of plant varieties
嘉定新城地处亚热带北缘,冬冷夏热、四季分明、雨热同季、降水充沛,但冬季常有寒流,属于典型的亚热带季风气候。

因此选用了耐热、强健、花期长的野花品种,如美女樱、蜀锦等。

Jiading new town is located in the subtropical north rim, hot summer and cold winter, distinct seasons, rain hot same, abundant precipitation, but winter is very cold, belongs to a typical subtropical monsoon climate. Therefore chose to heat, robust, long wildflowers blooming varieties, such as verbena, preface, etc.
3.2 不同绿地类型的组合选择
3.2 different green space types of portfolio choice
根据绿地性质和运用地点部位的不同,我们选用不同的组合配比,在河道边种植耐水湿品种,如千屈菜、大滨菊、高山紫菀、旱金莲等;
开敞绿地选择色泽明快艳丽,耐高温的组合,如波斯菊、松果菊、金鸡菊等;林下选用耐荫品种,如二月兰、鸢尾、石蒜、玉簪等单一品种;依此类推。

According to the nature of green space and use location of different area, we choose different combination ratio, wet resistance varieties at the edge of the river, such as willow shore, chrysanthemum, alpine asters, nasturtium, etc; Open green space
to choose colour and lustre is bright beautiful, the combination of high temperature resistance, such as the cosmos, echinacea, coreopsis, etc; Forests choose shade resistant varieties, such as February, iris, lycoris radiata, host a single species; And so on.
3.2.1城市道路绿化
3.2.1 urban road greening
结合目前新城一大批城市道路的建设施工,野花组合还广泛应用于分隔带、人行道边林地等绿化带中,使人们在行进过程中也可以体验到自然的气息。

Combining the construction of the new city a large number of city road, wildflowers are widely applied in the separation zone, sidewalk woodland green belts, such as make people in the process of travel can also experience the natural breath.
由于道路系统各种恶劣的生存条件和各种多变的气候条件的约束,我们选用了抗性特别突出的野花品种形成组合,做到三季有花,冬季见绿,以抗旱、耐热、耐阴湿、耐贫瘠土壤,抗病虫害,前期生长快,与杂草竞争力强为选择原则,如大花金鸡菊、波斯菊、大花飞燕草、蓝萼鼠尾草、虞美人、千鸟花等。

Due to road system all kinds of harsh conditions and various and changeable weather conditions constraint, we chose particular resistance varieties of wild flowers form combination, do three season there are flowers and see green in winter, with drought resistance, heat resistance, resistance to damp and barren soil, pests and disease, early growth faster, and weeds competitive as selection principles, such as the big flower coreopsis, cosmos, delphinium, blue calyx sage, coquelicot, thousands of birds, flowers, etc.
3.2.2林带绿化
3.2.2 forest green
环城林带位于嘉定新城西侧、北侧,是新城的绿色屏障,整体地形绵
延起伏,以江南自然丘陵林地为建造蓝本,为更好地表现出野趣自然的建设风格,我们选用了野趣感强的花卉品种,以大面积种植为主,林下种植单一品种,开阔地则采用缀花草皮的形式,结合坡地园路营造出变化丰富的花毯。

缀花草坪以低矮的多年生草花、宿根花卉为主,如蒲公英、半支莲、黑心菊、黄帝菊、马蔺、金毛菊、美女樱、匍匐蛇目菊、涩芥等。

Ring forest belt is located in jiading new town on the west side, north, is a new green barriers, the overall rolling terrain, jiangnan hilly natural forest land to build on, for better indicators of natural construction style, we chose the delight feeling strong flower varieties, with large area planting is given priority to, understory planting varieties of a single, open Spaces in the form of compose herbal skin, combining with the slope orchard road build a rich tapestry. Compose flowers lawn with low perennial brews, perennial root flowers and plants is given priority to, such as dandelion, half the lotus, "dirty" chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum of the yellow
emperor, marin, golden chrysanthemum, verbena, crawling snake eye chrysanthemum, acerbity mustard, etc.
3.2.3集中绿地
3.2.3 concentrated green land
在远香湖、紫气东来等大型中央公共绿地,这类公共绿地多以现代风格为主,运用了大量如不锈钢、花岗岩等现代园林造景元素,因此,我们选用如蛇鞭菊、地肤、毛地黄。

羽扇豆等直立型花卉,这类植物株型或花序多具有较强的线条感,与现代园林的风格较为融合。

In far xiang lake, sabingga sukdun dergici jimbi, such as large central public green space, this kind of public green space with more modern style is given priority to, use a lot of modern garden landscape elements, such as stainless steel, granite, etc. As a result, we chose to use like a snake whip chrysanthemum, kochia scoparia, foxglove. Lupine flowers such as vertical type,
this kind of plant or plant inflorescence has stronger, more and more fusion of modern landscape architecture style.
同时,野花中如千鸟花、狼尾草、鼠尾草、金鸡菊等株型柔弱散生,自然野趣,与现代园林中较多的金属、硬质铺装等材质可以形成强烈的对比景观效果,给人们以视觉冲击,则根据各地块性质的不同而灵活应用。

At the same time, wild flowers, such as thousands of birds, flowers, grass, sage, coreopsis and plant type weak sanson, natural, and more metal in modern gardens, rigid pavement material can form strong contrast landscape effect, to give people a visual impact, depending on the piece of nature around and flexible application.
3.2.4河道景观
3.2.4 the river landscape
嘉定新城绿化规划以“千米一湖、百米一林”为特色,新城核心区范围内共有大小湖泊18个,在野花的配置中充分结合湿地景观、在水边坡地、河漫滩区域进行种植,计划将这些湿地公园、湖泊公园建成具有新城特色的自然生态景观。

广泛运用了如美女樱、月见草、万寿菊、香雪菊、千屈菜、丛生福禄考等耐水湿野花品种。

"The greening plan of jiading new town with" km a lake, hundreds of meters, a "Lin features, new town core area a total of 18 lakes, full combination of wetland landscape in the configuration of wild flowers, a slope at the water's edge, flood land area for planting, plans to the wetland park, lake park built with new characteristics of natural ecological landscape. Widely used such as verbena, evening primrose, marigold, fragrant snow chrysanthemum, willow, CongShengFu eloth wet test, such as water resistant varieties of wild flowers.
社会经济的发展不能以牺牲环境为代价,投入大量人力、财力才能保持的园林景观已不适应于现代人的理念,野花组合正是由于其与身俱来的管理粗放、景观效果佳的特点为广大群众所接受,最重要的是他一
改以往色块地被一统天下的格局,为绿化景观建设带来了一股新奇自然的山野气息,相信只要我们因地制宜,合理运用,这一新兴事物一定可以为我们创造出更加绚烂的新型园林景观。

Social and economic development can not at the expense of the environment, invest a lot of manpower and financial resources to maintain landscape has not adapted to the modern people's idea, wildflowers it is because of its
extensive and intuition to management, good landscape effect of characters accepted by the masses, the most important thing is that he and change color piece is dominated by the traditional landscape, for landscape construction has brought a new natural flavor of the wild, believe that as long as we adjust measures to local conditions, reasonable apply, the emerging things can certainly create more for our gorgeous new landscape.。