(英语)高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧(超强)及练习题(含答案)及解析

（英语）高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧(超强)及练习题(含答案)及解
析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。

An international team of researchers from the University of Oxford have found that the way people use the Internet is closely tied to the seasonal movements in the natural world. Their online species searches follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (迁徙).
Migratory birds (候鸟) flood back to where they reproduce every spring. That migratory behavior is accompanied by some human behavior. "In English-language Wikipedia (维基百科), the online searches for migratory species tend to increase in spring when those birds arrive in the United States," said the lead author John Mittermeier.
And not just birds. Mittermeier and his team surveyed nearly 2.5 billion Wikipedia search records, for 32,000 species, across 245 languages. They also saw variable search rates for insects, horsetails and flowering plants. Seasonal trends seemed to be widespread in Wikipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals.
This finding suggests new ways to monitor changes in the world's biological diversity. It also shows new ways to see how much people care about nature, and which species and areas might be the most effective targets for conservation.
Mittermeier is encouraged by the search results. He commented, "I think there's a concern among conservationists (生态环境保护者) that people are losing touch with the natural world and that they're not interacting with native species anymore. And so in that sense, it was really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see people's Wikipedia interest closely related to changes in nature."
Richard Grenyer, Associate Professor from the University of Oxford, says search data is useful to conservation biologists, "By using these big data approaches, we can direct our attention towards the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do the most to help."
（1）What have researchers found about species searches?
A.They strengthen ties among people.
B.They affect the animal movements.
C.They differ in language backgrounds.
D.They reflect animal migration seasons.
（2）What is the purpose of writing Paragraph 3?
A.To summarize the research process.
B.To further support the research findings.
C.To show the variety of species searches.
D.To present researchers' heavy work load.
（3）How does Mittermeier feel about the search results?
A.Satisfied with Wikipedia's service.
B.Worried about Wikipedia behavior.
C.Amazed at people's care about nature.
D.Sad about people's not getting close to nature.
（4）Why does Richard think such search data is useful?
A.It helps to aim at conservation targets.
B.It increases interest in big data approaches.
C.It keeps track of trends in biologists' work.
D.It pushes people to solve difficult problems.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，牛津大学的一个国际研究小组发现，人们使用互联网的方式与自然界的季节性运动密切相关。

他们的在线物种搜索遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。

这一发现提出了监测世界生物多样性变化的新方法。

它还展示了一种新的方式来了解人们有多关心自然，以及哪些物种和地区可能是最有效的保护目标。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Their online species searches follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (迁徙).”可知关于物种搜索，研究人员发现了他们遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Seasonal trends seemed to be widespread in Wi kipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals.”可知在维基百科上，许多动植物的行为似乎都有季节性趋势。

即第三段的写作目的是为了进一步支持研究结果。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“it was really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see people's Wikipedia interest closely related to changes in nature”可知Mittermeier看到人们对维基百科的兴趣是与大自然的变化密切相关的，感到非常兴奋和意外。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“By using these big data approaches, we can direct our attention towards the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do the most to help.”可知Richard认为通过使用这些大数据方法，我们可以将我们的注意力转向现代保护中的难题:哪些物种和地区正在发生变化，哪些人最关心这些问题，哪些人能够提供最多的帮助。

即他认为这些搜索数据可以有助于设定保护目标。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Boomerang children who return to live with their parents after university can be good for families, leading to closer, more supportive relationships and increased contact between the generations, a study has found.
The findings contradict research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant decline in their parents' quality of life and wellbeing.
The young adults taking part in the study were "more positive than might have been expected about moving back home—the shame is reduced as so many of their peers are in the same position, and they acknowledged the benefits of their parents' financial and emotional support. Daughters were happier than sons, often slipping back easily into teenage patterns of behaviour, the study found.
Parents on the whole were more uncertain, expressing concern about the likely duration of the arrangement and how to manage it. But they acknowledged that things were different for graduates today, who leave university with huge debts and fewer job opportunities.
The families featured in the study were middle-class and tended to view the achievement of adult independence for their children as a "family project". Parents accepted that their children required support as university students and then as graduates returning home, as they tried to find jobs paying enough to enable them to move out and get on the housing ladder. "However", the study says, "day-to-day tensions about the prospects of achieving different dimensions of independence, which in a few extreme cases came close to conflict, characterised the experience of a majority of parents and a little over half the graduates".
Areas of disagreement included chores, money and social life. While parents were keen to help, they also wanted different relationships from those they had with their own parents, and continuing to support their adult children allowed them to remain close.
（1）What is the finding of the previous research?
A. Boomerang children made their parents happier.
B. The parents were looking forward to their children's return.
C. The parents' quality of life became worse than before.
D. Boomerang children never did any housework.
（2）The underlined word "trigger" in Paragraph 2 may be best replaced by ________. A. cause B. defeat C. arise D. allow
（3）What is the attitude of the college graduates towards returning home?
A. They are ashamed of turning to their parents for help.
B. They are glad that they could come back.
C. They are doubtful about whether they should return.
D. They are proud to be independent from the family.
（4）What can be inferred as the reason for the "boomerang children" phenomenon? A. The children want to keep in closer touch with their parents.
B. The parents are willing to provide support to their children.
C. It is harder for the children to secure a satisfying job.
D. There is more house work needed to be done by the children.
（5）What is the side effect of the boomerang children phenomenon?
A. Both parents and children enjoy a more harmonious relationship.
B. Neither parents nor children want to do the chores at home.
C. Not only parents but also children want to be independent.
D. There are occasional quarrels between parents and children.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
（5）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项研究发现，“回巢族”子女在大学毕业后回到父母身边生活对家庭是有好处的，他们会与父母建立更亲密、更具支持性的关系，并增进两代人之间的联系。

而这一发现与今年早些时候发表的一项研究结果相矛盾，该研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著下降。

父母和孩子对于独立的紧张情绪会导致父母和子女之间偶尔的争吵。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“The findings disagree with the research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant worsening in their pare nts' quality of life and wellbeing.”这一发现与今年早些时候发表的一项研究结果不一致，早些的研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著恶化。

可知，以往的研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感比之前更差，故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“The findings disagree with the research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant worsening in their parents' quality of life and wellbeing. ”通过新旧研究对比，以往的研究表明，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著下降。

即可推理划线部分单词trigger意为“导致，致使”，与cause意义一致。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“The young adults taking part in the study were‘more positive th an might have been expected’about moving back home – the shame is reduced as so many of their friends are in the same position, and they acknowledged the benefits of their parents' financial and emotional support.”参与这项研究的年轻人对于搬回家“比预期的更积极”——他们的羞愧感减少了，因为他们的许多朋友都处于同样的处境，而且他们承认父母在经济和情感上的支持是有好处的。

）可知，大学毕业生对回家的态度是积极的，很高兴能够回家，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“But they acknowledged that things were different for graduates today, who leave university with huge debts and fewer job opportunities.”但他们承认，如今的毕业生情况有所不同，他们毕业时背负着巨额债务，工作机会也更少。

由此推断出，孩子们很难找到一份满意的工作，故选C。

（5）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的"‘However’, the study says, ‘day-to-day tensions
about the prospects of achieving different dimensions of independence, which in a few extreme cases came close to conflict”可知对于实现不同层面独立前景的日常紧张情绪，是大多数家长和略多于一半毕业生经历的特征。

在少数极端情况下，这种紧张情绪接近冲突。

可知回巢族孩子现象的副作用是在少数情况下，紧张情绪会导致父母和孩子之间偶尔发生争吵。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读理解
A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day. Those surprising results appear in the journal Scientific Reports.
Shining iridescent color, which changes depending on the angle from which it's viewed, is favored by everything from birds to beetles and blossoms to butterflies.
"And in our research group we are of course interested in why this vivid metallic color is so widespread in nature." Karin Kjernsmo of the University of Bristol adds that in some cases the showy splashes of light are a sexual strategy. " Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄两性), such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection. For example, in many of these cases it is the males that have these vivid iridescent colors and they use them in mate choice or they use them as a signal to attract mates." But iridescence also shows up in situations where reproduction is not an issue. " So what we are studying now is whether natural selection imposed by predation(捕食行为) could explain the occurrence of iridescence in prey animals."
The idea that eye-catching colors could be used as a cover-up isn't a new one." The father of camouflage theory, Abbott Thayer, really believed that iridescence should be categorized as a camouflage strategy. And he wrote in his famous lifework Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom, already in 1909, that 'brilliantly changeable or metallic colors are among the strongest factors in an animal's concealment'. And this sounds like a completely unreasonable thing to say, because how can colors that are both brilliant and changeable contribute to animal's concealment？"
"In a similar way, we were asking whether iridescence, due to its changeability, could work as a form of camouflage by preventing shape recognition." Kjernsmo and her colleagues trained bumblebees to associate a particular shape—a circle or an oval—with a sugar reward. And they found that the bees, when given a choice, would preferentially visit the shape they knew to be sweet. But when the shapes were iridescent, the bees had trouble telling them apart. "It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish." As for making use of this method for hiding in plain sight, "Any practical applications is of course directly linked to any industry that
has an interest in camouflage, that is how to conceal objects or make them more difficult to recognize." The researchers are currently conducting experiments with birds, which often prey on iridescent insects to see if it helps to have a bird's-eye view.
（1）According to the passage, iridescence is not made use of by animals to ________. A. live a little longer by escaping their predator(捕食者) B. catch the attention of their mates C. conceal themselves when in danger D. catch sight of more colorful preys （2）From the study in the last paragraph, we can learn that ________.
A. Bees can always tell the difference between a circle and an oval
B. Bees are creatures that are fascinated by sweet things that are iridescent
C. If a circle, with a sugar reward, is iridescent, the bees may have difficulty finding it
D. Bees are likely to prefer circles to ovals, whether they are iridescent or not
（3）What will be talked about in the following paragraph?
A. Whether there are any differences between bees and birds.
B. Some industries that have great interest in camouflage.
C. Why birds are not effected by iridescent insects.
D. Which camouflage theory applies more to birds.
（4）Which of the following might serve as the best title of the passage?
A. A famous camouflage strategy
B. Metallic iridescent as the best disguise
C. Colors unique to animals
D. Shining colors as a sexual strategy
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“A good disguise keeps you hidden, right? Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day.”可知彩虹色被动物用来通过逃离捕食者而活得更久，排除A；根据第三段中的“Here I would like to point out that in some species, particularly those that display strong sexual dimorphism(雌雄两性), such as birds of paradise or some butterflies or fishes, the occurrence of iridescence is most likely driven by sexual selection.”在这里我想指出的是，在某些物种中，尤其是那些表现出强烈两性差异的物种，比如天堂鸟、孔雀，甚至在某些蝴蝶或鱼类中，彩虹色的出现很可能是由性别选择所驱动的。

可知动物用彩虹色引起同伴的注意，排除B；根据倒数第二段中的“The idea that eye­catching colors could be used as a cover­up isn't a new one.”引人注目的颜色可以用来伪装，这种想法并不新鲜，排除C，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“It seemed that the strikingly iridescent surfaces on our targets visually broke up the otherwise recognizable shape of the targets, which made them hard to distinguish.”似乎我们的目标上惊人的彩虹表面在视觉上打破了原本可以辨认的目标形状，这使得它们很难区分。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段说研究人员目前正在对鸟类进行实验，这些鸟类的饮食中经常含有彩虹色的昆虫。

实验目的是看看鸟类的视角是否能提供帮助。

由此推断接下来一段会谈论为什么鸟类不受彩虹色昆虫的影响，故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

第一段中的“Well, sometimes the best disguise is actually the most dazzling because research reveals that flashy metallic iridescence(金属彩虹色) can visually puzzle predators, which allows colorful prey to survive another day.”有时，最好的伪装其实是最耀眼的伪装，因为研究表明，闪光的金属彩虹色能在视觉上迷惑捕食者，这让五颜六色的猎物能够再存活一天，是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．犇犇阅读理解
Hacking isn't just for computers and smartphones, According to a study published last week in the journal Science, scientists have found a way to hack a plant's genes in order to make it use sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the amount of food produced around the world.
Photosynthesis（光合作用）is the word used to describe how plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food. Scientists who conducted the new study say this is a very slow process. Plants use less than 1 percent of the energy available to therm. But by hacking a plant's genes, the scientists were able to increase the amount of leaf growth on plants between 14 and 20 percent.
"Specifically, scientists hacked the plant's protective system. Normally, this system is activated when a plant gets too much sunlight, "said scientist Krishna Niyogi, co-author of the study. When the plant senses the light, it gets rid of extra energy and creates more leaves. When the plant is in shade, the protective system is turned off, but the process is slow.
Stephen Long is the lead author of the study. He compared a plant's protective system to light-adjusting glasses. When a person wears the glasses outside during the day, the lenses（镜片）darken and lighten depending on how sunny it is. Plants do the same thing, he said. But in plants the adjustment can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour. This makes it hard for plants to get the right amount of sunlight needed to create food.
The new study sped up the process. By changing the plant's genes, the protective system turned on and off more quickly than normal. As a result, leaf growth on the plants scientists used in the study increased. Leaf growth in two plants increased by 20 percent, while leaf growth on a third plant increased by 14 percent. Scientists conducted the study on tobacco plants. But they think the genetic changes will produce the same results in corn and rice.
（1）What will happen to the plants when scientists change plants' genes？
A. They will become weaker and weaker.
B. They will grow fast to produce more food.
C. They will have more beautiful flowers.
D. They will depend less on sunlight.
（2）Why does the author mention light-adjusting glasses？
A. To warn people of the hot and bright sun.
B. To explain the principle of plants' protective system.
C. To help leaves of the plants absorb sunlight.
D. To serve the science experiment smoothly.
（3）In the future, the genetic changes will be used to.
A. improve tobacco plants' quality
B. increase tobacco plants' leaves and roots
C. improve the flowers' living time
D. increase the production of corn and rice
（4）Which of the following can be the theme of this text？
A. Hacking plants for more production
B. Leaf growing more quickly
C. Double production of tobacco plants
D. Photosynthesis and production
【答案】（1）B
（2）B
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家通过改变植物的基因，加快光合作用的速度，使植物叶子生长迅速，从而提高植物产量。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“ scientists have found a way to hack a plant's genes in order to make it use sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the amount of food produced around the world. ”可知，科学家发现改变植物基因会使植物的光合作用速度加快，将来会增加全球植物的产量。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“ He compared a plant's protective system to light-adjusting glasses. When a person wears the glasses outside during the day, the lenses（镜片）darken and lighten depending on how sunny it is. Plants do the same thing, he said. But in plants the adjustment can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour. ”可知，作者提到镜片是为了说明植物的保护系统的工作原理与镜片相同。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“ But they think the genetic changes will pr oduce the same results in corn and rice. ”但是他们认为基因的改变将在玉米和水稻中产生相同的结果。

可知选D。

（4）考查主旨大意，根据文章内容可知，科学家改变植物的基因，加快光合作用的速度，使植物叶子生长迅速，从而提高植物产量。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．犇犇阅读理解
Wolves strike fear into the hearts of many species, humans included. Our fear of them has brought them to the edge of dying out, as we have cruelly killed them as competitors and trouble-makers. But researchers are discovering that the very fear they put into prey（被捕食者）species is exactly what helps make ecosystems（生态）healthy.
Yellowstone National Park is a typical example of just how wolves can help repair an ecosystem. An October 2018 study analyzed 40 years of research on large animals inside the park.
"Yellowstone has benefited from the reintroduction of wolves in ways that we did not anticipate, especially the complexity of biological interactions（互动）in the park," explained Mark Boyce, a professor in the Department of Biological Sciences." We were really surprised at that and we'd never have seen these responses if the park hadn't adopted ecological-process management—allowing natural ecological processes to take place with least human intervention."
After the wolves were re-introduced at Yellowstone, willow and cottonwood trees increased in number. The population of bears and bison also rose and what was once a ruling deer-wolf interaction is now more diverse.
To learn more about just how wolves are beneficial, a short documentary from Quest explains how the presence of wolves influences the behavior of deer, which eventually makes entire ecosystems more biologically diverse and healthy. In this documentary, biologist Aaron Wirsing explored why wolves and other top predators （捕食者）were needed for diverse ecosystems to develop. Using a simple video camera, Wirsing is gaining a unique view point on predator-prey relationships and changing the way we think about wolves.
The research is one more piece of evidence for why protecting these top predators is important not just for wolves as a species, but for hundreds of species at every level of an ecosystem. The fear they bring along may be the very angle that helps save them from dying out.
（1）What does the underlined word "anticipate" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Expect.
B. Understand.
C. Notice.
D. Accept.
（2）For what purpose was a documentary made?
A. To introduce how wolves behave in the wild.
B. To show how wolves benefit from ecosystems.
C. To record how Aaron Wirsing observed wolves.
D. To study what good wolves can do to ecosystems.
（3）What is the significance of the research?
A. It proves wolves feed on hundreds of species.
B. It helps prove the importance of protecting wolves.
C. It shows the complex relationships between species.
D. It provides evidence that wolves are endangered animals.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The fear of wolves is beneficial to ecosystems.
B. The fear of wolves put them in danger of disappearing.
C. Yellowstone National Park owes its healthy ecosystems to wolves.
D. The introduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park is a success.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明人类以及其他动物对狼的恐惧对维持健康、平衡的生态系统是有益的，其中黄石公园灰狼的引进就是一个典型的例子。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的"We were really surprised at that"可知，黄石公园在意想不到的方面从重新引入狼中获益。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“To learn more about just how wolves are beneficial, a short documentary from Quest explains how the presence of wolves influences the behavior of deer, which eventually makes entire ecosystems more biologically diverse and healthy.”可知，拍摄纪录片的目的是了解狼是如何对生态有益的。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“The research is one more piece of evidence for why protecting these top predators is important not just for wolves as a species, but for hundreds of species at every level of an ecosystem.”可知，这项研究再次证明了为什么保护这些食肉动物不仅对狼这个物种很重要，而且对生态系统的各个层面的物种都很重要。

故这项研究的意义在于它有助于证明保护狼的重要性。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文主要讲述了人类以及其他动物对狼的恐惧对维持健康、平衡的生态系统是有益的，因为食草动物不会过度繁殖，从而保护了植物的生长。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Studies show that older people tend to remember the positive things in life rather than the negative things, while younger people remember the positive and negative equally well. The dominant psychological theory to explain this is that older people are aware of their limited time left, so they prioritize positive emotional experiences. But about a decade ago, I worked with biologist Robert Trivers on his idea that there was an evolutionary basis for older people's increased positive outlook. Our research took us in the fascinating direction of exploring how the body uses its energy.
When our ancestors needed more energy than usual, perhaps while being chased by a tiger, they had to get that energy from somewhere in the body. Could they borrow it from the brain? That organ uses 20 percent of our metabolic (新陈代谢) output, whether we are solving math problems or watching television reruns. Due to this constant energy requirement, borrowing energy from the brain when our need surpasses the available supply is not an option. Perhaps we could borrow energy from our muscles. Because we use far more muscle energy when we are active than when at rest, in principle, we could borrow energy when we are sitting. But the problem is that most of the energy-demanding emergencies of our ancestors required a muscular response. There was no way to borrow energy from our muscles during an emergency because relaxing when a tiger showed up was not an effective response. This brings us to our immune system, which, when strong, protects us from many illnesses and diseases. Like the brain, the immune system works at great metabolic cost, but largely in the service of keeping us healthy in
the future. We have an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body, a momentary break from production is fine. So, when our body needs extra energy, one of the places it goes is our immune function. When you're being chased by a tiger, you don't need to waste energy making immune cells to fight off tomorrow's cold. What you need is to shift all available energy resources to your legs, with the hope that you will live to experience another cough or sneeze.
As a result, our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when we're happy, but to slow down dramatically when we're not. With this background in mind, Trivers supposed that older people evolved a strategy of turning this relationship on its head, becoming more focused on the positive things in life in an effort to enhance their immune functioning. This was helped along by their knowing much more about the world than younger adults, so they can deal with some of the unpleasant things in life more easily.
（1）According to Robert Trivers, when our body needs extra energy, ______.
A. muscles will respond to it by relaxing a little bit
B. organs will speed up metabolic processes to answer it
C. immune system will temporarily shut down to fulfill it
D. brain will satisfy it by sharing optional metabolic output
（2）In paragraph 3 "this relationship" most probably refers to the one between ______.
A. experiences and related knowledge
B. happiness and biological evolution
C. immune function and health
D. optimism and length of life
（3）What can be concluded from Robert Trivers' study?
A. Younger people adopt strategies of handling tense situations from everyday life.
B. Our ancestors evolved their immune systems in fighting against fierce animals.
C. Realizing that their days are numbered, older people prefer being positive.
D. Being negative drains energy from our body, lowering resistance to disease.
（4）Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Brain, muscles and immune system
B. Age, health and happiness
C. Ancestors, emergency and evolution
D. Energy, effort and response
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，老年人往往会记住生活中积极的事物，而不是消极的事物。

十年前作者与生物学家罗伯特·特里弗斯合作研究身体是如何使用能量的，他们的发现解释了这一现象。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“We hav e an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body, a momentary break from production is fine. So, when our body needs extra energy, one of the places it goes is our immune function.”可知我们的身体里有大量的免疫细胞，暂时停止运作是可以的。

因此，当我们的身体需要额外的能量时，（我们的身体）会去找免疫系统。

由此可以推断，免疫系统会暂时停止来为身体提供额外的能量。

选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的 "becoming more focused on the positive things in life in an effort to enhance their immune functioning." 可知老人们更加关注生活中积极的事物，是为了增强他们的免疫功能。

也就是说积极与免疫功能之间有关系，越积极，免疫功能越强，就能活得越久，所有选项中D项（乐观与寿命）之间最切题，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"As a result, our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when we're happy, but to slow down dramatically when we're not."可知当我们快乐时，我们的免疫系统进化到最大程度，但是当我们不快乐时，免疫系统会减弱。

由此推断，消极会消耗我们身体的能量，降低对疾病的抵抗力。

选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

作者开头提出老年人更关注积极的事情，后文提到积极的情绪会增强免疫系统，所以本文主要讲的是年龄，健康与积极的情绪之间的关系，选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
When Andrew Kaplan recalls, his stories leave the impression that he has managed to pack multiple lives into a single existence: A war reporter in his 20s. an army member, a successful businessman and- later. the author of numerous spy novels and Hollywood scripts.
Now the silver haired 78-year old has realized he would like his loved ones to have access to those stories, even when he is no longer alive to share them. Kaplan has agreed to become "AndyBot"--- a virtual person who will be: immortalized(T F5)in the cloud for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years
If all goes according to plan future generations will be able to interact with him using voice computing platforms of mobile devices, asking him questions, letting him tell stories and drawing upon a lifetime's worth of advice long after his physical body is gone.
Someday, Kaplan, who playfully refers to himself as a pig, may be remembered as one of the world's first digital humans.
For decades, Silicon Valley futurists have sought to free humanity from the life cycle. Today, a new generation of companies is selling some approximation(近似) of virtual immortality, which gives people the opportunity to preserve one's legacy(遗产) online forever.
Kaplan is eager to become one of the world's first virtual residents, partly because he considers the effort a way to extend closed family bonds over multiple generations.
If technology succeeds in creating emotionally intelligent digital humans, experts say, it may forever change the way living people cooperate with computers and experience loss. "AndyBot" may become one of the world's first: meaningful examples, raising complex philosophical questions about the nature of immortality and the purpose of existence itself.
（1）What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A.To highlight Kaplan's achievements.
B.To introduce the topic- -AndyBot.
C.To arouse readers interest in Kaplan.。