2013年职称英语理工B真题及答案

第1题：单选题:
Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.
A. send
B.hear
C.confirm
D.spread
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第2题：单选题:
The contract between the two companies will expire soon.
A. shorten
B.end
C.start
D.resume
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第3题：单选题:
Come out,or I'll bust the door down.
A. shut
B.break
C.set
D.beat
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第4题：单选题:
She gets aggressive when she is drunk.
A. offensive B worried C.sleepy D.anxious
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第5题：单选题:
As a politician,he knows how to manipulate public opinion.
A. express
B.divide
C.influence
D.voicc
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第6题：单选题:
She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.
A. found by chance
B.passed by
C.took a notice of
D.woke up
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第7题：单选题:
I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.
A. about
B.at
C.with
D.from
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第8题：单选题:
He paused,waiting for her to digest the information.
A. withhold
B.exchange
C.understand
D.contact
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第9题：单选题:
Make sure the table is securely anchored.
A. repaired
B.cleared
C.booked
D.fixed
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第10题：单选题:
There was something peculiar in the way he smiles.
A. different
B.strange
C.wrong
D.funny
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第11题：单选题:
These animals migrate south annually in search of food.
A. explore
B.inhabit
C.prefer
D.travel
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第12题：单选题:
It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.
A. right
B.unbelievable
C.obvious
D.unclear
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第13题：单选题:
The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.
A. naked
B.blind
C.cautious
D.private
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第14题：单选题:
He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.
A. taught
B.kept
C.changed
D.attracted
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第15题：单选题:
The rules arc too rigid to allow for human error.
A. general
B.inflexible
plex
D.direct
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第16题：阅读判断:
Wide World of Robots
Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker（修补）with ma-chines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices. "They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegic Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist,a person who dcsigns,builds or programs robots.
When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved cars, trains,
animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.
Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset's labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars: robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right. But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）."Snakes are far more interesting than the cars," Choset concluded.
After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing
their own snake robots. Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real
snakes,such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass,swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.
But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries, the doctor has to open a patient's chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surger-ies can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small holein the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?
Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investi-gate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot ln pigs.
A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people. Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations,"I still don't get bored of watching themotion of my robots," Choset says.
1小题>
Choset began to build robots in high school.
A. Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
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2小题>
Snake robots could move in only four directions.
A. Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案解析：点击查看答案解析
3小题>
Choset didn't begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at Carnegio Mel-lon.
A. Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
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4小题>
Choset's snake robots could make more movemcnts than the ones others developed.
A. Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
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5小题>
The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.
A. Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案解析：点击查看答案解析
6小题>
Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.
A. Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案解析：点击查看答案解析
7小题>
The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome Mcdrobotics.
A. Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
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第17题：概括大意与完成句子:
Black Holes
1. Black holes can be best described as a sort of vacuum,sucking up everything in space. Scientists have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars. Stars that are near death can no longer burn due to loss of fuel9and because its temperature can no longer control the gravitational(重力的)force,hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the star's surface until it suddenly explodes then collapses.
2. Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen,other gases and a few metals. When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass（恒星质量）black hole,which can only occur if the star is large enough(should be bigger than the sun) for the explosion to break it into pieces,and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle. Try to see and compare:if a star that's ten times the size of the sun ends up being a black hole that's no longer than 70 kilometers,then the Earth would become a black hole that's only a fraction of an inch!
3. ()bjccts that get sucked in a black hole will always remain there,never to break free. But
re-member that black holes can only gobble up（吞噬）objects within a specific distance to it.It's possiblc for a large star near the sun to become a black hole,but the sun will continue to stay in place. Orbits（轨道）do not change because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star,only this time its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state.
4. So far,astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albcrt Einstein's theory
of relativity. In the end,through numerous studies,they have discovered that black holes truly exist.
Since black holes trap light and do not give off light,it is nearly impossible to detect black holes via a telescope. But astronomers continuc to study galaxies（银河系）,space and the solar system to under-stand how black holes might evolve. It is possible that black holes can exist for millions of years,and later contribute to a bigger process in galaxies,which can eventually lead to crcation of new entities.Scientists also credit black holes as helpful in learning how galaxies began to form.
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

A. What are black holes made of?
B. What happens to the objects around a black hole?
C. What are different types of black holes?
D. How were black holes named?
E. How are black holes formed?
F. Is there proof that black holes really exist?
1小题>
23. Paragraph 1
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2小题>
24. Paragraph 2
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3小题>
25. Paragraph 3
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4小题>
26. Paragraph 4
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5小题>
A. a fraction of an inch
B. the existence of black holes
C. an explosion of huge stars
D. the same amount of mass
E. the tiniest particle
F. the creation of new entities
27. Black holes arc formed after
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6小题>
28. When a large star explodes,the gravity compacts every piece into
答案解析：点击查看答案解析
7小题>
29. A newly formed black hole and the star it comes from are of
答案解析：点击查看答案解析
8小题>
30. Alert Einstein's theory of relativity helps to prove
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第18题：阅读理解:
第一篇Putting Plants to Work
Using the powcr of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels（太阳能电池板）for decades. But plants are the real experts. They've been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years.
Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight,carbon
dioxide(二氧化碳)，and water into sugars and starches（淀粉），stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis（光合作用）．Unfortunately,unless you' re a plant,it's difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That's why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it．
Some scientists are trying to get plants,or biological cells that act like plants,to work as verysmall photosynthcsis power stations. For example,Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden. Colo. ,is working with grecn algae（水藻）.She's trying to trick them into producing hydrogen instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficiently,the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity.
The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photo-synthesis,plants normally make sugars or starches. "But under certain conditions,a lot of algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch,but to make hydrogen. "Ghirardi says. For example, algae will produce hydrogen in an airfree environment. It's the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time.
Working in an airfree environment,however,is difficult.It's not a practical way to producc cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical
called sulfate(硫酸盐)from the environment that the algae grow in,they will make hydrogen instead of sugars,even when air is present.
Unfortunately,removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly,and not much
hydrogen is produced. Still,the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogcn ef-ficiently from algae. With more work,they may be able to speed the cells' activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen.
The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are
cheap to get and to feed,Ghirardi says,and they can grow almost anywhere: "You can grow them in a reactor,in a pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There's a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms. "
1小题>
How do plants relate to solar energy?
A. They have been using it for billions of years.
B. They are the real experts in producing it.
C. They have been a source of it.
D. They have been used to produce it.
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2小题>
Scientists study how photosynthesis works because they want to
A. improve the efficiency of it.
B. turn plant sugars to a new form of energy.
C. get more sugars and starches from plants.
D. make green plants a new source of energy.
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3小题>
Algae are able to use solar energy to produce hydrogen when
A. they are grown in narrow-necked bottles.
B. there is no oxygen in the air.
C. there is enough oxygen in the air.
D. enough starch is stored.
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4小题>
Researchers find it difficult to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently because
A. it is hard to create an airfree environment.
B. it is expensive to remove the sulfate from the environment.
C. removing the sulfate slows down hydrogen production.
D. the algae's cells work slowly if there is no oxygen in the air.
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5小题>
What does Ghirardi say about algae?
A. They can be a good energy source.
B. They grow faster in a reactor.
C. They will be planted everywhere.
D. They are cheap to eat.
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第19题：阅读理解:
第二篇Energy and Public Lands
The United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy production,the US Department of the interior manages federal energy leasing (租赁) both on land and on the offshorc Outcr Continental Shelf Production from these sources amounts to ncarly 30perccnt of total annual US energy production.
In 2000,32 percent of US oil,35 percent of natural gas,and 37 percent of coal were produced from federal lands,reprosenting 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal lcases. Federal
lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74percent of undiscovered natural gas.
Revenues from federal oil,gas,and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as State Government. In 1999,for example, $ 553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US
Treasury,and non-India coal leases accounted for over $ 304 million in revenues,of which 50 percent we repaid to State govcrnments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year,federal land managers authorize (许可) rights of way for transmission lincs,
rail systems, pipelincs,and other facilities related to energy production and usc.
Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production,
though the amount is still significant. For example,federal geothermal(地热) resources produce about 7. 5 billion kilowatt-hours(千瓦时)of electricity per year,47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal energy. There are 2,960 wind turbincs on public lands in California alone,producing electricity for about 300,000 people. Federal hydropower(水电) facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced in the United States.
Because of the growing US thirsts for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign off sources,pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense. Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process. If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources, development restrictions or impact moderation measures may be enforced,or mineral production may be banned altogcther.
1小题>
What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Public lands play an important role in energy production.
B. Public lands are one of the main sources of revenues.
C. Public lands should be developcd to ease energy shortage.
D. Public lands store huge encrgy resources for further development.
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2小题>
Which of the following statements is true of public lands in the U. S. ?
A. Half of US energy is produced there.
B. The majority of undiscovered natural gas is stored there.
C. Most of coal was produced from there in 2000.
D. Most energy resources are reserved there.
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3小题>
Geothermal resources,wind turbines,and hydropower facilities in Paragraph 4 cited as examples to illustratc that
A. alternative cnergy production is no less than conventional encrgy production.
B. the amount of alternative energy production from public lands is huge.
C. they are the most typical conventional energy resources from public lands.
D. geothermal resourccs are more important than the other two.
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4小题>
There is a mounting pressure on public lands to satisfy US energy demands
A. many Americans are unhappy with energy development in foreign countries.
B. quite a few public lands are banned for energy development.
C. the U. S. is demanding more and more encrgy.
D. many Americans think public lands are being abused.
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5小题>
Public lands can be used for energy development when
A. energy development restrictions are effective.
B. federal land managers grant permissions.
C. they go through the land use planning process.
D. there is enough federal budget.
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第20题：阅读理解:
第三篇On the Trial of the Honey Badger
On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert,a team of researchers learn a lot more about honey
badgers (獾). The team employed a local wildlife expert,Kitso Khama,to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgcrs' movements and bchavior as discreetly (谨慎地) as possible,without frightcning them away or causing them to change their natural behavior. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them. In view of the animal's reputation,this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do.
"The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals,especially when they see something new," he says. "That,combined with their unpredictable nature,can bc a dangerous mix-ture. If they sense you have food,for example,they won't be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. They're actually quite sociable creatures around humans,but as soon as they feel they might be in danger,they can become extremely vicious ( 凶恶的).
Fortunately this is rare.but it does happen. "
The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected,honcy badgers ate any crea-tures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakcs,feared and avoided by most other animals,were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised,however,by the animal's fondness for local melons,probably be-cause of their high water content. Preciously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid require-ments from its prey (猎物). The team also learnt that,contrary to prcvious research findings,thc badgers occa-sionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research,in-cluding the fact that female badgers never socialized with each other.
Following some of the male badgers was a challenge,since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers. Although,they seem happy to share these territories with other males,there are occasional fights over an important food source,and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.
As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people,it gave the team the chancc to get up close to them without being the subject of the animal's curiosity - or sudden aggression. The badgers' eating patterns,which had been disrupted returned,to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other creaturcs that form working associations with the honey badger,as these seemed to adopt the badgers' relaxed attitude when near humans.
1小题>
Why did the wild life experts visit the Kalahari Desert?
A. To find where honey badgers live.
B. To catch somc honey badgers for food.
C. To observe how honey badgers behave.
D. To find c)ut why honcy badgers have a bad reputation.
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2小题>
What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?
A. They are always looking for food.
B. They do not enjoy human company.
C. It is common for them to attack people.
D. They show interest in things they are not familiar with.
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3小题>
What did the team find out about honey badgers?
A. They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.
B. There were some creatures they did not eat.
C. They were afraid of poisonous creatures. .
D. Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.
4小题>
Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?
A. They don't run very quickly.
B. They defend their territory from other badgers.
C. They hunt over a very large area.
D. They arc more aggressive than females.
5小题>
What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?
A. They became less aggressive towards other creatures.
B. They started eating more.
C. ()ther animals started working with them.
D. They lost interest in people.
第21题：补全短文:
The Tough Grass that Sweetens Our Lives
Sugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roof-
ing their houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained su-
crose（蔗糖）and was chewed on for its sweet taste. Over time,sugar cane became a highly valuable
commercial plant,grown throughout the world. (1)
Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things,from confectionery（糖果点心）to medicine,
and,as the demand for sugar grew,the industry became larger de more profitable. (2) Many
crops withered（枯萎）and died,despite growers' attempts to save them and there were fears that the
health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.
In the 1960s,scientists working in Barbados looked for ways to make the commercial species
stronger and more able to resist disease. They experimented with breeding programmes,mixing genes
from the wild spccies of sugar cane,which tends to be tougher,with genes from the more delicate,com-
mercial type. (3) This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially,but when this
happens,it is expected to be incredibly profitable for the industry.
(4) Brazil,which produces one quarter of the world's sugar,has coordinated an interna-
tional project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo.
Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of
the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.
Despite all the research,however,we still do not fully understand how the gcnes function in sugar
cane. (5) This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust,a
disease which probably originated in India,but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world.
Scientist believe they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.
A. Since the 1960s,scientists have been analysing the mysterious of the sugar cane s genetic code.
B. Unfortunately,however,the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.
C. The majority of the world's sugar now comes from this.particular commercial species.
D. One major gene has been identified by Dr Angellique D'Hont and her team in Montpelier, France.
E. Eventually,a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before,but al-
so much stronger and less likely to die from disease.
F. Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.
第22题：完形填空:
Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures
The vultures（秃鹰）in question may look ugly and threatening,but the sudden sharp decline in
three species of India's vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration,and it presents the world
with a new kind of environmental problem. The dramatic (1)in vulture numbers is causing
widespread disruption to people living in the (2)areas as the birds. It is also causing serious
public health problems (3) the Indian sub-continent.
While their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians,vultures have
(4)played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India (5).It is be-
cause they feed on dead cows. In India,cows are sacred animals and are (6)left in the open
when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year.
The disappearance of the vultures has (7)an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs
feeding on the remains of these (8)animals. There are fears that rabies（狂犬症）may in-
crease as a result. And this terrifying disease may ultimately（最终）affect humans in the region,
(9) wild dogs are its main carriers. Rabies could also spread to other animal species,
____(10)an even greater problem in the future.
The need for action is (11) ,so an emergency project has been launched to find a solution
to this serious vulture problem. Scientists are trying to (12)the disease causing the birds'
deaths and,if possible,develop a cure.
I,arge-scale vulture (13)were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India.A population
survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined (14)over 90 per
cent. All thrce species are now listed as "critically endangered". As most vultures lay only single eggs
and (15)about five years to reach maturity,reversing their population decline will be a long
and difficult exercise.
1小题>A. increase B. threat C. risk D. decline
2小题>A. same B. small C. different D. safe
3小题>A. above B. across C. with D. through
4小题>A. rarely B. recently C. seldom D.long
5小题> A. dangcrous B. smelly C. clean D. beautiful
6小题>A. immediatcly B. occasionally C. traditionally D. hardly
7小题>A. led to B. acted as C. come from D. slowed down
8小题>A. strange B. wild C. endangered D. dead
9小题>A. when B. since C. so D. whether
10小题>A. improving B. predicting C. finding D. causing
11小题A. urgent B. frequent C. regular D. sudden
12小题>A. prove B. identify C. test D. check
13小题> A. deaths B. inj uries C. arrivals D. attacks
14小题>A.in B. on C. by D. along
15小题>A. waste B. consume C. adopt D. Take。