初中虚拟语气(清晰版)
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虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题
1 虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表
2 示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现。
示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现。
3 一.一般情况下,英语虚拟语气的形式有下列3种:
4
5
语境语境 条件从句条件从句 主句主句
例子例子
1.与现在事实相反 一般过去式:were/did
would/should/could/
might + do(动词原形)
If John had the time, he would make
a trip to China to see the Great Wall.
If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.
2.与将
来事实相反
(1). should+动词原形动词原形 (2). 一般过去
式:were/did (3)、were to+动词原形动词原形
would/should/could/might might + + + do do (动词原形)形)
If you should lose, what would you
do?
If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth. If you went there next time, you
would see what I mean.
3.与过去事实
相反
过去完成时:had+过去分词分词
would/should/could/
might+ have done
If I had arrived earlier, I would have seen David
二.、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
6 l 1.虚拟语气的倒装: 将if 去掉,谓语动词提前。
7
如:If I were you, I would give up drinking. =Were I you, I would give up 8 drinking.
9 If I had arrived earlier, I would have seen David. = Had I arrived earlier, I 10 would have seen David.
11 l 2. 有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如:
12 If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now. 13 (if 从句是对过去的虚拟,主句是对现在的虚拟。
)从句是对过去的虚拟,主句是对现在的虚拟。
) 14 If I were you, I would have gone home.
15 (if 从句是对现在的虚拟,主句是对过去的虚拟。
) 16 三.虚拟语气的其他用法
17 1、Suggest, advise 等表示“要求”“建议”的动词之后宾语从句须18 用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下: 19
suggest, advise, recommend, demand,
require, insist, urge, request, order, +that…(should )+动词原形动词原形 ask, move, propose 等
注意:在此结构中that 不可省略;should 省不省均可。
省不省均可。
20 He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.
21 上述动词的名词形式出现时,that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。
引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。
22 He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking. 23 注意:注意:
24 * insist 有两个意思,当表示“坚持让某人做某事”(含命令口吻)时,25 that 从句用虚拟,如:He insists that we (should) go home now. 26 当表示“坚持某种说法”时,that 从句用陈述语气。
从句用陈述语气。
27 He insists that he is right.
28
29 *suggest 也有两个意思,当表示“建议”时,that 从句用虚拟语气,30 如:I suggest that we should go home now.
31 当表示“暗示”时,that 从句用陈述语气。
如:All the evidence suggests 32 that he stole the money. 所有证据偶读暗示是他偷了钱。
所有证据偶读暗示是他偷了钱。
33 2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that 引导的从句须用虚拟语气,
34 其句子结构如下:
35
imperative, advisable, 动词完成式
It is (was) + important, natural , necessary, +that…(should) +
essential, strange,等 动词原
形
It is important that you (should) follow the doctor’s orders. 36 It is right that you should have done your homework.
37 3、wish 的用法
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主句谓语动词主句谓语动词 that 从句谓语动词从句谓语动词 例子例子
现在的愿望:wish/wishes 一般过去式:did 或were
I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。
高。
过去的愿望:wished
过去完成式:had done
I wished I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I
stopped teaching.)
对将来的愿望:wish/wishes would/could +动词原形I wish it would rain
tomorrow. 我希望明天
下雨就好了。
下雨就好了。