历年八级翻译真题分析

1 汉语理解




广交朋友：make friends extensively ? Make a lot of friends “冷餐会”、“酒会”：cold dish party ? buffet reception／ dinner party “寒暄” ：coldly talk for a while ? exchange of conversational greetings; exchange of amenities or compliments （见面时谈论天气冷暖的应酬话） “海阔天空”：unrestrained and far-ranging “二话不说”：before starting a conversation “投机”：speculative agreeable “勉强”：reluctant unnatural
参考译文
在巴黎，名目繁多 的酒会、冷餐会是 个交朋友的好机会。 在这样的场合陌生 人相见如果是亚洲 人，他们总是在开 口之前先毕恭毕敬 的把自己的名片递 上，这好象是不可 缺少的礼节。
In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet dinners in honor of this or that provide an excellent opportunity to make a lot of friends. When strangers meet on such occasions, an Asian tends to present his name card respectfully with both hands before the conversation, which seems to be required by etiquette.

试比较英语中有关民族的词汇 （Quirk）
Specific reference singular An American A German An Asian A European An Englishman A Frenchman plural Americans Germans Asians Europeans Englishmen Frenchmen Generic reference plural The American The Germans The Asians The Europeans The English The French
“喂牛和挤奶”




牛：cattle, bull, cow, calf, bullock, buffalo 学生译文：feed bull and milk cow; feed oxen and milk them; feed bulls for milk 正确处理方法：（1）使用及物动词 feed cattle and milk cows; feed cows and milk them; feed and milk cows; feed cows for milk (2) 使用不及物动词译“挤奶”，feed cattle and milk; feed cows and milk
英语中的可数和不可数



“礼节”：an etiquette or etiquette? 这词是不可数的，意思是manners, a set of customs and rules for polite behavior. “冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会”: are good opportunities…?? 英语表达习惯是to give sb. an opportunity of… / to … In Paris, various cocktail parties and buffet dinners provide an excellent opportunity to make a lot of friends.





(3) 二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。 It seems reluctant to offer visiting cards without a word. It seems somewhat unnatural for them to give name cards before getting into conversation.
英语专业八级考试翻 译真题解析
《考试大纲》对翻译的要求


翻译项目为主观试题，分两个部分。第一部分 Section A Chinese to English，要求考生将文内约 150个左右的汉字译成英语。第二部分Section B English to Chinese，要求考生将文内约150个左右 的英语译成汉语， 高校英语专业八级考试大纲(2004年新版)对汉译 英测试提出了两点较新的要求：第一，能运用汉 译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志上的文章 和一般文学作品。速度为每小时250至300个汉字。 第二、译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺、流畅。





“锄草”：grass, straw, weed 字面翻译：eradicate/ remove / hoe up / uproot weeds 意译：hoe the garden; weed the garden, weed… “温馨的家园”：warm and fragrant ??? Warm and comfortable, cozy, Hearth and home (good)
然而法国人一般都不
大主动递送名片，双 方见面寒暄几句，甚 至海阔天空的聊一番 也就各自走开。只有 当双方谈话投机，希 望继续交往时才会主 动掏出名片。二话不 说，先掏名片反而有 些勉强。
However, the French usually are not so ready with such a formality that they will excuse themselves after exchanges of a few words of greetings or even after a rambling chat about everything under the sun. They will offer cards only when they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relationship. And it seems somewhat unnatural for them to do so before getting into conversation.
修辞方面：同义反复



“锄草和栽花”：weed and garden?? Garden: doing work in your garden such as weeding and planting 处理：（1）只用动词gardening (2) 与邻近结构取得平行效果，选择weed the garden and plant flowers; weed to plant flowers

(4) 他们往往开口之前先必恭必敬地用双手 把自己的名片呈递给对方。 They usually present their name cards respectfully with both hands before opening their mouths. When strangers meet on such occasions, an Asian tends to present his name card respectfully with both hands before the co02年8级测试汉译英】 大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等 ①。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深 的依赖着②。尤其在乡间，上千年以来人们 一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄 ③，酿酒和饮酒④，喂牛和挤奶⑤，锄草和 栽花⑥；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜⑦，在 节日到广场拉琴、跳舞、和唱歌⑧；往日的 田园依旧是今日的温馨家园⑨。这样，每个 地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。
（1）内容上以文学翻译和政论性文章为主 （2）在质量的要求上强调忠实和通顺，现在还 加上了“流畅”这一较高的标准。
TEM8，1996 汉译英试题

在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是个交 朋友的好机会。在这样的场合陌生人相见 如果是亚洲人，他们总是在开口之前先毕 恭毕敬的把自己的名片递上，这好象是不 可缺少的礼节。然而法国人一般都不大主 动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海 阔天空的聊一番也就各自走开。只有当双 方谈话投机，希望继续交往时才会主动掏 出名片。二话不说，先掏名片反而有些勉 强。
1 汉英词汇语义对比与翻译




“酿酒和饮酒” 学生译文：brew wine and drink alcohol; brew spirits and drink wine; brew wine and drink beer… 正确的处理方法：（1）使用及物动词，但 统一宾语，如brew and drink wine (2) 使用不及物动词，如brew and drink
3 文化因素



冷餐会：get-togethers at which hosts offer their guests cold food / barbecue (student) ? 准确：buffet meal 名片：card, name card; business card; visiting card; calling card “ID card”???


Have further intercourse

（5）只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往 时才会主动掏出名片。 Only when they are speculative in their conversation and hope to keep in touch later on will they give name cards. They will offer cards only when they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relationship.
2 汉英话语组织法对比与翻译


Parallelism和汉语的騈偶结构 J. E. Kahn (1985): Parallel constructions, then, come in a great variety of sizes and shapes. These are all subject to an overriding and obvious rule: if elements are presented as parallel, they must be parallel—their structures must be properly matched.


2 英语表达

翻译应该对汉英思维方式差异心中有数，否 则很容易受到思维方式的负干扰。我们需要 的是TL思维方式的积极引导，排除SL思维方 式的消极干扰。 如英语名词有数的范畴，汉语没有，因此汉 译英时必须对名词的数作出选择。英语中 “亚洲人”复数加S，而法国人复数为加 men，有的同学就译出“Asianman, Asianmen, Frenches”。
学生译文：


(1)双方见面寒暄几句……也就各自走开。 They will leave after exchanges of some polite expressions of formulas.
(2)甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开。 They will leave even after a lot of talking.


“去教堂祈祷和做礼拜”： go to church to pray and worship ? Go to church本身有去教堂做礼拜的意思 正确：go to church; go to the church to pray and worship; pray and worship in the church