21版：(浙) Unit 1 Great scientists(步步高)

Ⅰ.读句品词——阅读下列句子，写出加黑单词的词性及汉语意思
1．William tried to join the basketball club but was rejected because of his poor health.
v t.拒绝；不接受2．He strongly suspected that the girl sitting next to him had cheated in the last exam.
v t.认为；怀疑
其他意义：n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯3．The villager said that the water in the river was too dirty to drink because of the severe pollution.adj.严重的
4．He is the best physician in this hospital and is respected by all the patients.n.医生；内科医师5．Word came that the police had set up an enquiry into the terrible accident.n.询问；调查
Ⅱ.语境填词
背一背
1．scientific adj.科学的
2．defeat v t.打败；战胜；使受挫n．失败
3．expert n．专家；行家adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的
4.cure v t.治愈；治疗n．治愈；痊愈；疗法
5．blame v t.责备；谴责n．过失；责备
6．handle n．柄；把手v t.处理；操纵
7．announce v t.宣布；通告
8．positive adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的
练一练[从左栏中选择合适的单词并用其正确形式填空]
1．They drew a conclusion that the belief that the world was flat was not scientific. 2．Researchers find cures for certain diseases often by using the forests’ plants and animals. 3．It’s announced that the driver was to blame for the little child’s severe injuries.
4．Even if defeated，you should have a positive attitude towards your future.
5．Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance.
Ⅲ.拓展提升
背一背
1．conclude v t.& v i.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束
2．challenge n．挑战v t.向……挑战→challenging adj.挑战性的
3．absorb v t.吸收；吸引；使专心→absorbed adj.专心致志的
4．pollute v t.污染；弄脏→polluted adj.被污染的→pollution n．污染
5．instruct v t.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．命令；指示；[pl.]用法说明
6．construct v t.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物
7．contribute v t.& v i.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．贡献；捐助
8．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiasm n．热情，热心
9．cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→caution n．谨慎
10．universe n．宇宙；世界→universal adj.普遍的；全世界的→universally ad v.一致地；共同地
练一练[用所给单词的正确形式填空]
1．The player defeated by me challenged me to a challenging game that day.(challenge)
2．It’s universally accepted that the universe originated from the big bang.(universe)
3．It was not until all the fish in the polluted river had died that he realized that the pollution was very serious.(pollute)
4．He has been absorbed in his study and wants to absorb all the useful knowledge.(absorb) 5．Mr Green contributed a lot of money to the project；that is to say，his contribution was great.(contribute)
6．The cautious boy looked around cautiously and then walked across the road with caution.(caution)
Ⅳ.选词填空
背一背
1．put forward提出
2．draw a conclusion得出结论
3．expose...to使显露；暴露
4．be to blame for该为……受责备；应为……承担责任
5．link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来
6．apart from除……之外；此外
7．(be) strict with...对……严格的
8．lead to导致
9．make sense讲得通；有意义
10．under construction在建设中
练一练[从左栏中选择合适的短语并用其正确形式填空]
1．The expert arrived at a conclusion which we all thought didn’t make sense.
2．Your carelessness has led to the terrible accident，so you are to blame for it.
3．She is strict with her little son and never exposes him to some violent games.
4．Apart from English，he also studied French and German while in college.
5．Having analyzed all the information，the physician finally drew a conclusion.
6．The manager rejected the plan put forward by those young experts.
Ⅴ.仿写运用
背一背
1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们不知它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。

2．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
所以每次暴发(霍乱)时，都有大批惊恐的人死去。

3．To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.
为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。

4．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。

练一练[用左栏中的句式结构完成下列句子]
1．我妻子和我都没能说服女儿改变主意。

(neither...nor...)
Neither my wife nor I am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
2．每当我处于困境时，他都会来帮助我。

(every time)
Every time I was in trouble，he would come to help me out.
3．我建议我们在得出最后结论之前先等一会儿。

(suggest)
I suggest that we (should) wait a while before we draw a final conclusion.
4．只有你全身心投入学习，你才会被重点大学录取。

(only if)
Only if you are absorbed in your study can you be admitted into a key university.
1．“熟练”归纳
(1)expert adj.熟练的；内行的
(2)skillful adj.熟练的；灵巧的
(3)skilled adj.熟练的；有技能的
(4)experienced adj.熟练的；有经验的
2．以-ic结尾的常见形容词
(1)characteristic特有的；独特的
(2)scientific科学的
(3)enthusiastic热情的；热心的
(4)energetic精力充沛的
(5)fantastic极好的
3．“照顾，照看”多重表达
(1)attend to sb.
(2)care for sb.
(3)take care of sb.
(4)look after sb.
(5)see after sb.
4．“把……和……连接起来”荟萃
(1)link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来
(2)connect...with...把……和……连接起来
(3)associate...with...把……和……联系起来
(4)combine...with...把……和……结合起来
conclude v．断定，推断出；得出结论；(使)结束，终止
(1)conclude sth.from...从……中推断出……
to conclude最后
conclude sth.with sth./by doing sth.以(做)……结束
(2)conclusion n．结论；推论
arrive at/reach/come to/draw a conclusion得出结论
in conclusion总之；最后
单句语法填空
(1)She concluded her speech with a funny story，which made all the audience laugh.
(2)In conclusion，he suspected that his wife was lying to him.
(3)He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favor of the plan.
联想发散
表示“总而言之”的短语还有：all in all，in short，in brief，in a word，to sum up，on the whole，briefly (speaking)等。

In conclusion，they came to a conclusion that the river had been badly polluted. 最后，他们得出结论：那条河已经被严重污染了。

attend v.出席，参加；照料，护理；处理，对付
(1)attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding参加会议/听讲座/参加婚礼
(2)attend to处理；照料；接待(to为介词)
attend on/upon照顾；伺候
用法点拨
在attend school/class/church短语中，名词school/class/church前不带冠词。

单句语法填空
(1)—Would you like to join us in the game?
—I’m afraid not，for I have something important to attend to.
(2)As far as I know，the patients are well attended(attend) in the hospital.
(3)As a daughter，I feel it my duty to attend on/upon my sick mother.
句式升级
(4)The woman who is attending on the patient is very kind and patient.(用非谓语动词改写)
The woman attending on the patient is very kind and patient.
The young man had no time to attend the lecture，for he had to attend on his old father. 这个年轻人没有时间参加讲座，因为他必须照顾他的老父亲。

expose v.使置身于危险中；暴露；揭露；使曝光
(1)expose sth./sb./oneself to...使某物/某人/自己暴露于……
(2)exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的
be exposed to暴露于；经受……
单句语法填空
(1)Some people think we shouldn’t expose the children to playing(play) computer games.
(2)Being exposed(expose) to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.
句式升级
(3)As she was exposed to such loud music，the girl felt a little uncomfortable.(改为简单句) Exposed to such loud music，the girl felt a little uncomfortable.
熟词生义
(4)Schools are again exposing children to the classics. B
A．揭发B．使接触C．暴露
When children are exposed to difficult situations，they are better at handling challenging situations.当孩子们面临困难情况时，他们更善于处理具有挑战性的情况。

absorb v.吸收(液体、气体等)；吸引全部注意力；使全神贯注；使并入，吞并
(1)absorb one’s attention吸引某人的注意
absorb oneself in全神贯注于
absorb...from...从……中吸收……
(2)absorbed adj.全神贯注的
be absorbed in全神贯注于
单句语法填空
(1)These kids are so absorbed(absorb) in their studies that I just sit back.(2019·全国Ⅱ)
(2)As we all know，the plants absorb water from the soil.
(3)Absorbed(absorb) in his games，he didn’t notice that it began to rain outside.
用法点拨
be absorbed in结构在句中作状语或定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in...。

类似的结构还有：be lost in，be caught in，be buried in，be devoted to，be occupied in，be involved in等。

I’ve just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me. 我一直忙于学习，尽量理解身边的所有新事物。

blame v．把……归咎于，责怪，指责
n．责任；责备，指责
(1)blame sb.for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人
blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for sth.)承担责任；该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)
(2)take the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事的责任推到某人身上
单句语法填空
(1)The expert blamed the pollution here on the large factory.
(2)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame on the alarm clock.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.In other words，the driver is to blame.警察把事故归咎于危险驾驶。

换句话说，司机应该负责任。

contribute v.捐献；贡献；投稿；促成，造成
(1)contribute...to...把……贡献给……；把(时间等)投入到……；捐款；投稿
contribute to有助于；导致
(2)contribution n．贡献；捐献；稿件
make contributions/a contribution to对……做出贡献；捐款
单句语法填空
(1)In conclusion，immigrants have contributed to American culture in many ways.
(2)I admire Edison a lot because he made a great contribution(contribute) to the world.
(3)In a word，everyone should make contributions to protecting(protect) the environment.
熟词生义
(4)If you want to contribute to our newspaper，please send me your article before the deadline. C A．导致B．贡献C．投稿
图解助记
The girl contributing to the magazine frequently has made a great contribution to our class.In addition，she also has contributed much money to the poor students. 这个经常向杂志投稿的女孩为我们班做出了很大的贡献。

另外，她还给那些穷学生捐了很多钱。

put forward提议，提出；推荐；将……提前；拨快(钟表)
一词多义——写出下列句子中put forward的汉语意思
(1)Put your watch forward；it’s five minutes slow.拨快
(2)I think he is fit for the position；therefore，I’ll put him forward as a candidate.推荐
(3)They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.将……提前
(4)Over the years several similar theories have been put forward.提出
put aside把……放到一边；储存
put off推迟；延期
put up with忍受；容忍
put away把……收拾好；整理；储蓄
put up搭建；张贴；为……提供住宿
put down放下；写下；镇压
根据句意用put短语的正确形式填空
(5)A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school.
(6)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
(7)Please put those tools away after you finish the work.
(8)I’ve put aside a few hundred thousand dollars to buy a house.
(9)I can put up with the house being untidy，but I hate it if it’s not clean.
The expert put aside his work and began to study the plan put forward by that young man. 这位专家把自己的工作放在一边，开始研究那个年轻人提出的计划。

make sense讲得通；有意义；是明智的
(1)make sense of弄懂……的意思；理解
make no sense没道理；没意义
(2)in a sense在某种意义上；在某种程度上
in no sense决不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)
There’s no/little sense (in) doing sth.做某事是不明智的。

单句语法填空
(1)In a sense，it is these passengers that are to blame for the accident.
(2)There are so many new words in the passage that I can hardly make any sense of them at all.
句式升级
(3)In conclusion，the issue can in no sense be said to be resolved.(改为倒装句)
In conclusion，in no sense can the issue be said to be resolved.
句型转换
(4)It doesn’t make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
→There is no sense (in) buying that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
He said that in no sense would he agree to the plan，for it didn’t make sense at all. 他说他不会同意这个计划，因为它根本讲不通。

neither...nor...
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们不知它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。

(1)neither...nor...既不……也不……，在句中连接两个相同的成分。

当连接两个名词/代词作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。

(2)有类似用法的还有：either...or...或者……或者……，not...but...不是……而是……，not only...but also...不但……而且……等。

单句语法填空
(1)Neither Jane and Mary nor I am(be) tired of having one examination after another.
(2)Neither should we embrace online voting aimlessly nor can we deny it completely.
句型转换
(3)Henry won’t see a film tonight.His girlfriend Helen won’t，either.
→Neither Henry nor his girlfriend Helen will see a film tonight.
(4)The nurses are very kind to the patients；the doctor is very kind to the patients，too.
→Not only the nurses but also the doctor is very kind to the patients.
Not you but the expert is to attend the ceremony to be held in our school. 不是你而是那位专家将要出席在我们学校举行的典礼。