七年级英语第一轮复习书面表达讲解与训练(四)通用

批扯州址走市抄坝学校英语第一轮复习：书面表达讲
解与训练〔四〕通用
【本讲主要内容】
书面表达讲解与训练〔四〕
【知识总结归纳】
如何写好情景写作
写作体裁训练：1〕通知 2〕论说文
如何写通知
1. 口头通知〔Announcement 〕内容要包括时间，地点，事项，参加者。

口头通知不必说明通知时间和组织者。

语言要求灵活、简要、口语化。

2. 书面通知〔Notice〕除内容要包括时间，地点，事项，参加者外，还要有组织者。

通知的日期写在左下角。

语言要求简练、用词贴切、书面化。

3. 通知要求开门见山、简明扼要、表达清楚。

范文1：
A Notice
Students of Senior I will visit the Beijing Zoo on Saturday, April 15. The Beijing Zoo has a history of more than one hundred years. It is one of the biggest zoos in the world. There we can see all kinds of animals, such as pandas, elephants, lions, tigers and so on. In the morning we will be free to visit the different areas of the zoo and then have lunch on the small island; in the afternoon the zoo-keeper will give us a talk on how to protect wild animals. Please take your lunch and drinks with you. Wear strong shoes because we shall do a lot of walking. We’ll
meet at the school gate at 7 on Saturday morning . The buses will start at 7:10 on time. Please don’t be late.
范文2：
Attention, please! I’ve something important to tell you. The English Corner is to take place on Saturday afternoon on the playground. I’ll start at four o’clock. You can talk freely with one another about your life and studies at s chool. You’re encouraged to speak as much English as possible.
Tom, An American student studying at Nanjing University, will join us. He’s promised to tell us something about school education in the USA. I’m sure you’ll show interest in his talk. The English Corner has proved to be of great benefit to us in our English learning.
Everyone will be welcome. Please come on time. That’s all. Thank you.
1. Attention, please!
May I have your attention, please?
2. I have an announcement to make.
I’ve something important to tell you.
3. There is going to be a talk on history this afternoon.
4. The meeting will be held in the auditorium at 2:00pm, this afternoon.
5. The lecture will last about three hours.
6. Everyone will be welcome.
7. You are required to take notes during the lecture....
8. Please be there on time.
Be sure to attend on time.
Please be present on time.
9. The party will be held at 2:30 p.m. on Wednesday, October 10,2004.
10. The meeting will be held in Room202,on the second floor of Main Building.
11. give a talk〔a lecture, a concert〕
12. hold a meeting 〔a class, a celebration〕
13. attend a meeting〔a sports meet, a lecture, a class〕
14. have a class〔a meeting, a lecture, a discussion〕
15. make a trip / speak about /set up a...club/ set out〔for〕/ leave for/ arrive at/ show sb. around/ visit a place/ meet at the gate of.../go to a concert〔a movie, the theatre, the cinema〕/ form a group/ run a class/ join sb. in.../ take part in.../ talk about.../
16. Please sign your name/ fill in a...form〔at the Service Room〕
17. Don’t forget to bring your gifts with you.
18. Come to the great fun!
19. The meeting will be put off until next week.
高考书面表达〔1994〕
提示：你校学生将为来访的朋友举办一个晚会，要在播送中宣布此事，并欢送参加。

为使朋友听懂，请你用英语写一篇播送通知。

要点如下：
宗旨：欢送来访的朋友.
组织者：学生会
时间：8月15日〔星期六〕晚7:30
地点：主楼屋顶花园
活动内容：音乐，跳舞，唱歌，游戏，交换礼品。

〔请包装好，签名并在包装外面写上几个祝愿词〕注意：1〕播送稿约为100词；2〕包括以上要点，但不要逐字翻译，要组织成一篇通顺连惯的短文；3〕开头语已为你写好。

生词：交换礼品——to exchange gifts，学生会—— the Students Union
Possible version:
May I have your attention, Please? I have an announcement to make. The Student Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening August 15, to welcome our friends from the United States. The party will be held in the roof garden of Main Building. It will begin at 7:30 p.m. There will be music, dancing, singing, games and exchanges of gifts. Will everybody please bring along a small gift for this purpose. Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.
Don’t forget 7:30, Saturday evening, roof garden, Main Building. There’s sure to be a lot of fun. Everybody is welcome.
高考书面表达〔2000，春〕
为了丰富外国学生的生活，你校学生会将举办一次音乐周活动。

请你以组织者的身份写一个书面通知，有关内容如下：
时间：5月第一周
活动：〔1〕演唱歌曲：流行歌曲；〔2〕器乐演奏：古典和民间音乐；〔3〕音乐比赛：听歌曲片断，然后猜出处。

地点：届时通知。

参加者请于4月20 日前报名。

注意：〔1〕书面通知写成一篇连贯的短文。

〔2〕可以适当增减细节。

〔3〕词数100左右。

〔4〕通知格式已写好。

〔5〕生词：古典——classical 民间——folk 乐器——musical instruments 比赛——contest
Possible version:
Dear students,
The Students Union has decided to organize a music week. It will be held in the first week of May. The activities include singing pop songs and playing classical and folk music. Bring your own musical instruments, please. A music contest will be included, too. The students taking part in the contest will listen to part of a song or a piece of music, and then guess where it comes from. If you’d like to take part in the music week, please come and sign up for it before April 20th. The place for the activities will be announced later.
Come to the great fun!
Students Union
如何写论说文
论说文是对事物提供知识，解释与分析，说明观点的文章。

它要求根据文字，图画，图表，数据提供的信息进行描述，分析，议论。

做到言之有理，言之有据。

通过语言的表达及必要的修辞手段将信息进行传达。

1. 首先要有一个明确的中心思想，然后对这个中心思想加以具体的解释与说明。

2. 常用的方法有：1〕例举 2〕比拟或比照 3〕分析 4〕说明 5〕描述
3. 常见写作顺序：1〕提出问题〔通常是主题句〕 2〕分析问题〔围绕主题进行分析，可以举例，比拟
比照，提出理由〕 3〕评论、措施建议或结论
4. 论说文要求主题清楚，条理清楚，语言简练，逻辑性强。

主题句——引出全文的话题
支持句——围绕话题展开讨论，用事实，理由，观点来进行解释，说明或论证。

结束句——对话题进行概括，总结归纳。

下面我们来学习两种常用的表达法
通常用事例来说明主题
常使用的衔接词
〔1〕可用表示顺序的示意词来突出每个实例。

如：first, second, third, first, secondly, finally, the first thing 〔point〕is…, the second thing 〔point〕is…, the third thing〔point〕is…, first of all, also, finally, one, another, the last…
〔2〕以事物的重要性来排列顺序，可使文章层次清楚，突出。

如：for one thing, also, the worst thing is…, first of all, apart from that, the most important is…, for one thing, what is more, the most…, one important, more importantly, the most important…, one problem.., another problem…, the most serious problem…,
常用的词或词组还有：
对称关系：for one thing...,for another〔thing〕...;on the one hand, ... on the other hand...;one..., the other...;
比拟关系：between...and...; different from, the difference between, in contrast, compared with/to
总结：in a word, in short, on the whole, in conclusion, generally speaking
例文1
I think carefully before I buy anything
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．. First, I ask myself if I really need it. Secondly, I examine the quality of it. If it is poorly made, I won’t buy it. Thirdly, I look at the price.
I won’t buy anything that is too expensive. In short, I think about my needs, the quality, and the price before I buy anything.
例文2
The whole society should respect old people
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．.For one thing, they have worked for the society for their whole lives. What is more, they have rich life experience, and they can give us good advice. The most important reason is that if we do not respect old people now, we ourselves will not be respected when we are old.
比拟通常是指对人或事物之间的相同点进行分析。

比照通常是侧重分析两者之间的不同点，利与弊。

写作方法通常有：
1〕A,A,A, B,B,B, 结构〔如内容简单，可将两者分开描述〕
2〕A,B, A,B, A,B, 结构〔如内容较多，可逐点分析。

〕
例文1
Jane and Karen have many things in common. To begin with,both girls have the same background. Jane was born and raised in the west, and so was Karen. Next, both girls are interested in the same kinds of subjects in school. Jane likes French, history, and English. In the same way, Karen likes Spanish, history, and English. Furthermore, both girls want to be teachers. Jane plans to
become an elementary school teacher.But Karen wants to be a high school teacher. As you can see, the two girls are almost like twins.
例文2
Vilma likes travelling by bus better than travelling by airplane for four reasons. First, it costs less. She can ride by bus from New York to Chicago for $20 Yet, the air fare between the two cities is $78. Second， travelling by bus gives her a closer look at the cities and countryside than she could get from a plane.For example，she enjoys driving through the big cities of Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Fort Wayne. Third, Vilma finds that the passengers on the bus are often closer to her own age. So ,they are easy to talk with on the shared travel adventure. In contrast, many airline passengers are businessmen who keep busy with their work while flying. Fourth , riding a bus allows Vilma to explore any stop along the way. On the other hand, once she got off the bus at a small town in Indiana and spent the night with a girl friend. So, the next day she took another bus to Chicago. For these reasons, Vilma usually prefers buses instead of planes unless she has to get somewhere in a hurry.
假设你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友Dick听说中国的中生在减轻学生负担，来信询问有关情况。

请你根据下表提供的信息，写一封回信，谈一谈减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化。

〔词数100左右：开头已经为你写好〕
Dear Dick,
How nice to hear from you again._________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes,
Li Hua
首先，认真审题，确体裁及篇章结构或提纲。

这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，比照减负前后学生的学习和生活。

虽然开头已给出，我们仍须再写我们文章的开头，从而把所给的信的开头和文章连在一起。

这个句子同时还要点题。

所以我们可以用这句话：In your letter you asked me something about what’s going on at schools.信的主体要写变化，最后是写信人的感受和。

第二步，再读细节，确人称、时态、主要情节、句式。

尤其要考虑动词：搭配〔动词与名词的搭配、动词与介词的搭配〕，相关同义词或词组。

本文以第一人称；描述过去的学习生活需用过去的时态，描述现在的学习生活需用现在的时态；句式可用表比照的副词或连词，如：…while …, Compared with…, In contrast to this, etc; 可以用的动词短语：used to do, have no choice but to do something, could do nothing but have classes and finish homework; couldn’t go to bed until …, pay a visit to, besides, we couldn’t be happier.
第三步，成文。

Possible answer I:
Dear Dick,
How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China? Things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I used to have to work even at weekends, doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time. I can read books, pay a visit to museums, and take computer lessons. In the evenings I can
watch news on TV or read newspapers. What's more, I can go to bed earlier. I think everyone is happy about these changes.
最后，润色全文，注意措辞及复杂句式。

Possible answer II:
Dear Dick,
How nice to hear from you again. In yo ur letter you asked me something about what’s going on at schools. In short, Things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. Take me for example. I used to have to work even at weekends, doing endless homework and attendi ng classes as well. Although I didn’t like it, I had no choice. Now, however, I have more time to spare. Not only can I watch news on TV or read newspapers, but I can also go to bed earlier. While in the past I had to stay up late sometimes until 11:30. As far as I know, everyone is pleased with this new arrangement of things. I hope all will be better and better.
Looking forward to your letter. Best wishes.
Li Hua
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.
Opinions are divided on the question. 60% of the students are against the idea of the entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance
On the other hand,40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
As can be seen from the chart, great changes have been taking place in the ownership of mobile phone in China. By the end of this year, there will have been 20 million mobile users. By the year 2005, the number will reach up to 30 million.
People have found mobile phone very convenient. They can get in touch with each other whenever and wherever they like. There are many different functions for different needs, such as SMS, keeping phone record, etc. But it may also bring us some trouble. For example, you will have to pay for a wrong call. And the radiation may do harm to our health. In spite of this, the number of people having mobile phone is still increasing steadily.
【实战模拟】
1. 根据China Daily中的一那么消息，将组织学生参观艺术博物馆。

英语教师要求你用英语写一通知，向报告这件事。

内容包括：
〔1〕参观中国国家艺术博物馆〔China National Art Museum〕;
〔2〕展品内容有82位欧、美艺术家收藏的艺术品；包括中国古代艺术品。

共117 件。

〔3〕这些藏品是由已故Peter Ludwig先生捐赠的〔denote〕;他认为这些收藏品是对人民有用的东西；
〔4〕参观地址：东城区五四大街1 号；
〔5〕集合时间地点：3月5日8：30a.m; 博物馆门前。

注意：不要逐条逐字翻译。

100字左右。

2. 随着中国经济的开展及参加世贸组织,轿车将越来越多地进入家庭。

一方面，刺激了经济的开展，方便了人们的生活；另一方面，造成了严重的环境污染。

请就此问题写一篇文章，词数120左右。

【试题答案】
1. An Announcement
Attention please,
World-famous art collector Peter Ludwig denoted 117 pieces of European modern art he owned to China National Art Museum. Unfortunately he passed away last year. His collection ranged from European art works to Native American and ancient Chinese art works. He regarded his collection as something he could use to help the people of the world.
This exhibition will display 117 master-pieces by 82 European and American artists.
We’ll gather at the gate of the China National Art Museum.
Date: 8:30 a.m, March 15th.
Location: China National Art Museum, No.1 Wusi Dajie, Dongcheng District, Beijing.
2. With the development of economy and China's WTO entry, more and more families have cars of their own.
As we all know, cars are a very fast kind of transport. With the help of a car, we'll be able to get to any place we want easily and quickly. Life will be much more convenient. Besides, it'll play an important role in stimulating the economy of the whole nation.
Nevertheless, the pollution that cars bring us should not be ignored. The waste air of cars is a real danger to the environment. A large number of poisonous substances given off from the car do great harm to our health. So, cars bring us both advantages and disadvantages. I do hope people can own a private car, but pay more attention to our environment as well.。