2019-2020年人教新目标八年级上册期中备考-句型归纳解析

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2019-2020学年人教版新目标八年级上册期中备考--句型归纳
一、句型归纳
1.Where did you go on vacation? 假期你去了哪儿?
2.—How was the food? 食物怎么样?
— Everything tasted really good! 一切尝起来都很好。

3.—Did everyone have a good time?每个人都玩得很高兴吗?
—Oh, yes. Everything was excellent.是的。

一切都很好。

4.What do you usually do on weekends?周末你通常做什么?
5.—How often do you go to the movies? 你多久看一次电影?
—I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我大约一个月看一次电影。

6.How many hours do you sleep every night? 你每晚睡几个小时?
7.I'm more outgoing than my sister. 我比我姐姐更外向。

8.Are you as friendly as your sister? 你和你姐姐一样友好吗?
9.What's the best movie theater? 最好的电影院是哪家?
10.It has the most comfortable seats. 它有最舒适的座位。

11.What do you think of 970 AM? 你认为AM 970 怎么样?
12.Is Tom smarter than Sam?汤姆比萨姆更聪明吗?
13. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums,but Sam plays them better than Tom.萨姆和汤姆都会敲鼓,但是萨姆比汤姆敲得好。

14.—Who is more hardworking at school?在学校谁更努力?
—Tina thinks she works harder than me.蒂娜认为她比我学习更努力。

15.Talent shows are getting more and more popular .才艺展示越来越受欢迎。

16.When people watch the show,they usually play a role in deciding the winner.人们看这样的节目时,通常承担着评判胜者的角色。

17.Greenwood Park is the best place to go to on weekends.绿林公园是周末最好的去处。

18. What do you think of talk shows? =How do you like talk shows?你认为谈话节目怎么样?
19. Because I hope to find out what’s going on around the world.因为我希望了解全球正在发生的事情。

20.I like to follow the story and see what happens next.我喜欢按照故事情节,看接下来会发生什么事情。

21. But one very famous symbol in American culture is a cartoon.但是在美国文化中非常著名的标志之一是动画片。

22. Over 80 years ago , he first appeared in the cartoon Steamboat Wille. 八十多年前,在动画片《威利号汽船》中他第一次出现。

23. In the 1930s,he made 87 cartoons with Mickey.在20世纪30年代,他制作了87部与米老鼠有关的动画片。

24. Mickey became the first cartoon character to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.米老鼠成为第一个好莱坞星光大道卡通明星。

25. She dressed up like a boy and took her father’s place to fight in the army.
她打扮成男孩替父从军。

二、句型详解
1.—Did you buy anything special? 你买了什么特别的东西吗?
—No, I bought nothing. 没有。

我什么也没买。

(Unit1)
【知识点睛】anything 为不定代词,用于否定句和疑问句中,形容词修饰不定代词要放在后面。

在肯定句中通常用something。

不定代词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。

There isn't anything new on today's newspaper. 今天的报纸上没有任何新的内容。

2.It was sunny and hot, so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. 天气晴朗而且炎热,所以我们决定去我们旅馆附近的海滩。

【知识点睛】(1)decide to do sth. 决定做某事,decide 的名词是decision。

(2)decide to do sth.=make a decision to do sth.=make up one's mind to do sth.
They decided not to go back home during the summer holiday. =They made a decision/made up their minds not to go back home during the summer holiday. 他们决定暑假不回家了。

(3)decide on sth.决定/选定某事物
She has decided on Hainan Island for vacation.她已决定去海南岛度假。

3.I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道以前这儿的生活是什么样的。

【知识点睛】wonder 此处作“想知道;琢磨”讲,相当于want to know,后常接if 或whether 引导的宾语从句,表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。

I wonder if you mind giving me a hand.我不知道你是否能帮我一下。

【归纳拓展】
(1)wonder 表示“想知道;想弄明白;琢磨”时,后常接why,who,where,what,when 等引导的宾
语从句,也可接带疑问词的动词不定式。

(2)表示“对……感到惊讶”时,后接that 引导的宾语从句或用wonder at sth.。

(3)wonder 作名词时,意为“奇观;奇迹;奇事;奇妙之处”。

4.What a difference a day makes! 一天的差异是多么大啊!
【知识点睛】这是一个感叹句。

表示说话时的惊异、喜悦、赞扬和气愤等情绪。

常见的感叹句的结构:
5.We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. 因为有太多的人,我们等了一个多小时的火车。

【知识点睛】
(1) wait for 固定短语,意为“等待,等候”。

(2) too many“太多”,后跟可数名词的复数形式。

【妙辨异同】too much,much too 与too many
①too much 意为“太多”,可以修饰不可数名词,作定语;也可单独使用,作主语、宾语或表语;还可作副词,作状语,表示“太多”。

②much too 只能作副词,修饰形容词或副词,表示“十分;非常”。

(3)too many 意为“太多”,后接可数名词复数,作定语。

He has too much trouble in his life.他生活中的麻烦太多了。

I'm much too tired to go out.我实在累得不能出去了。

There are too many people on the square.广场上有太多人。

【即时演练】—Why are you so tired these days? —Well, I have __A___ homework to do.
A.too much B.too many C.much too D.many too
6.And because of the bad weather, we couldn't see anything below. 并且因为糟糕的天气,我们看不到下面的任何东西。

(Unit 1)
【知识点睛】because of 是短语介词,意为“因为”,后跟名词、代词、动词-ing 形式。

because 是连词,后跟一个从句。

She didn't go to school because she was ill. =She didn't go to school because of her illness. 因为生病她没有上学。

7.My father didn't bring enough money...我父亲没有带足够的钱
【知识点睛】enough 作形容词,意为“足够的;充足的”,通常用来修饰名词,放在名词前后均可。

enough 作副词,意为“足够地”,常用来修饰形容词或副词,但只能放在这些词之后。

enough 后常接(for+名词/代词+)to do sth.结构,意为“……足够……做某事”。

温馨提示:名前形副后,enough 足够。

We have enough time for the work.我们有充足的时间完成任务。

I think his picture is beautiful enough,but he said he didn't draw it carefully enough.我觉得他的画够美的了,但他说他画得不够细致。

We have enough water and bread.我们有足够的水和面包。

He runs quickly enough.他跑得足够快。

It's warm enough in the room.屋子里够暖和了。

The box is light enough for the boy to carry.箱子很轻,那个男孩可以搬动。

【即时演练】
1)This movie wasn't __A__.He fell asleep half way through it. A.interesting enough B.enough interesting C.interested enough D.enough interested
2)Lucy isn't_old_enough_to carry the box.(选出能代替画线部分的一项)__C__
A.is so young that she can B.isn't young enough to C.is too young to D.is so young to
3)This movie wasn't ________. He fell asleep half way through it.
A.interesting enough B.enough interesting C.interested enough D.enough interested
(主语this movie 是物,用interesting 修饰。

另外,enough 修饰形容词时,要后置,故选A。


8.How often do you exercise?你多久锻炼一次?(Unit 2)
【知识点睛】(1)how often“多久一次”,用于提问动作发生的频率,答语是频度副词或短语,如never,sometimes,once a year 等。

—How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视?—Twice a week.一周
两次。

【归纳拓展】常见的与how 连用的短语:
【即时演练】
1)—__How_often__ are the Olympic Games held?
—Every four years.
2)—__How_soon__ will your father be back?
—In five days.
3)—__How_far__ is it from your home to school?
—5 minutes' walk.
4)—__How_long__ have you worked in this company?
—Since three years ago.
(2)exercise 此处作动词,意为“锻炼”;也可作名词,作“锻炼;运动”讲时为不可数名词,作“练习;习题”或“(保持健康或培养技能的)一套动作,训练活动”讲时为可数名词。

常见短语:do morning/eye exercises 做早操/眼保健操;do some exercises 做习题。

9.I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我大约一个月看一次电影。

(Unit 2)
【知识点睛】maybe adv.“大概;可能;或许”,常用于句首,与perhaps 近义。

【妙辨异同】maybe 与may be
maybe 是副词,意为“或许;可能”,在句中作状语,相当于perhaps,常用于句首,不能用作谓语动词。

may be 是“情态动词+动词原形”,两者共同构成完整的谓语动词,意为“可能是;也许是”,在句中只能作谓语,可表示一种肯定的推测。

Maybe you are right.=You may be right.也许你是对的。

10.He hardly ever watches TV. 他几乎不看电视。

【知识点睛】hardly adv.意为“几乎不;几乎没有”,表示否定意义,相当于almost not。

常用短语hardly ever 意为“几乎从不”。

hardly 用在反意疑问句中时,附加问句用肯定形式。

There is hardly any water in the bottle,is there? 瓶子里几乎没有水,是吗?
温馨提示:hardly 不是hard 的副词形式,hard 可作形容词或副词,作形容词时,意
为“艰难的;难做的;坚硬的”;作副词时,意为“努力地;猛烈地”。

11.Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular. 虽然许多学生喜欢观看体育节目,但游戏类节目却是最受欢迎的。

【知识点睛】although 连词,意为“虽然;尽管;即使”,可在句首,也可在句末,与though 同义。

Although he is poor, he is very happy. 虽然他很穷,但他很快乐。

【妙辨异同】although 与though
温馨提示:although 和though 均不能和连词but 在同一个句子中使用,但可以与副词yet 或still 连用。

12....but we think the best way to relax is through exercise. 但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼。

(Unit 2) 【知识点睛】through 介词,在此意为“以;凭借”。

through 作介词时,还有“从一端至另一端;穿过”的意思。

Andy achieved his dream through hard work.安迪通过努力工作实现梦想。

The river runs through the forest. 那条河穿过森林。

【妙辨异同】across,through、over 与past
past 介词,意为“经过;路过”,指从物体的旁边经过。

【即时演练】
1)The two men run __through__ the forest.
2)The little girl ran __across__ the road.
3)When I walked __past__ him,I found something strange on his face.
4)The cat jumped __over__ the wall and ran away.
13. It's good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows.上网或看游戏类节目是很好的放松方式。

【知识点睛】句型It's+adj.+for sb.to do sth.意为“对某人来说做某事……”;句型It's +adj.+of sb.to do sth.意为“某人做某事……”。

两种句型中,it 为形式主语,真正的主语为to do sth.。

温馨提示:在此句型中,中间是用介词of 还是介词for,取决于形容词。

当形容词修饰sb.时,应用介词of;当形容词修饰to do sth.时,用介词for。

It's very kind of you to say so.你这样说真是太好了。

It's a little difficult for students to learn English.学习英语对于学生来说有点儿难。

【即时演练】
It's so brave __B__ the soldier to save the boy's life.
A.to B.of C.for D.with
2)It's nice ______ you __B__ me with my math.
A.for;to help B.of;to help C.for;helping D.of;helping 14. sometimes,
14.Is Tom smarter than Sam? 汤姆比萨姆聪明吗?
I'm more outgoing than my sister. 我比我的妹妹外向。

【知识点睛】这是含有比较级的句型,表示两者比较,形容词或副词用比较级。

【归纳拓展】表示两者比较的常用结构(A 和B 比较):
(1)A+be 动词+形容词的比较级+than+B
I'm taller than you. 我比你高。

This ruler is longer than that one.这把尺子比那一把长。

(2)“比较级+and+比较级”,意为“越来越……”。

多音节词的比较级用“more and more +形容词原级”形式。

The day is getting longer and longer. 白天正变得越来越长。

The group became more and more popular. 这个小组变得越来越受欢迎。

(3)“Which/Who is+比较级...?”比较A、B 两事物,问其中“哪一个较……”时用此句型。

Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one? 哪件T 恤更好,这件还是那一件?
(4)表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the+比较级(+主语+谓语),the+比较级(+主语+谓语)”结构。

The harder he works, the happier he feels. 他工作越努力,感到越快乐。

(5)the+比较级+of the two 表示“两者中较……的那个人或物”时,在比较级前加定冠词the。

He is the taller of the two. 他是两个人中较高的那个。

(6)比较级表达最高级:比较级+than+any other+单数名词,表示“比其他任何一个……更……”。

Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.
=Shanghai is the largest city in China.
上海比中国其他任何一座城市都大。

(上海是中国最大的城市。

)
温馨提示:在形容词比较级前还可用much,even,far,still, a little, a lot 来修饰,表示比较的程度。

This city is much more beautiful than before. 这个城市比以前漂亮多了。

She's a little more outgoing than me. 她比我外向一点。

【即时演练】1)Sandy is __heavier__ (heavy) than me.
2)Nancy jumps __further__ (far) than any other student in our school.
15.Does Tara work as hard as Tina? 塔拉和蒂娜学习一样刻苦吗?(Unit 3)
【知识点睛】as... as 固定短语,意为“和……一样”,表示原级的比较。

He runs as quickly as his father. 他和他的父亲跑得一样快。

【归纳拓展】形容词或副词原级比较的形式:
表示修饰两种事物的程度是一样的,用as...as 表示原级,意为“和……一样”,两个as 之间用形容词或副词原级,即用“as+形容词或副词原形+as”的句型。

The watermelon is as big as a soccer ball. 这个西瓜和足球一样大。

表示一方在某一方面不及另一方时用“not as /so+形容词或副词原形+as”的句型,相当于less...than...,意
为“不如……”。

This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think. =This dictionary is less useful than you think.这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。

16. Tina is taller than Tara. And she also sings more loudly than Tara. 蒂娜比塔拉高,
并且她唱歌的声音也比塔拉洪亮。

(Unit 3 P17)
【知识点睛】loudly,loud 与aloud
aloud, loud 与loudly 均与“声音大”有关。

其具体区别如下:
loud adj. & adv. 大声,响亮。

用作副词(与loudly 同义)时,一般只与动词speak,
talk laugh, sing 等连用,且必须放在这些动词之后。

比较级为louder, 最高级为loudest。

Speak louder, please, or no one will hear you. 请大声点,否则没有人将听到。

loudly adv. 喧闹地,大声地,响亮地。

loudly 比用作副词的loud 使用范围更广,可以放在这些动词之前或之后。

比较级为more loudly, 最高级为most loudly。

如:
Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly. 突然,墙上的铃大声地响起来。

aloud adv. 大声地,通常与动词cry, laugh, shout, call 等动词连用,没有比较级和最高级。

如:
Please read the text aloud. 请大声朗读一下课文。

17....Mary and her best friend are both tall. 玛丽和她最好的朋友都很高。

(Unit 3)
【知识点睛】(1)both 意为“两个;两个都”,既可作形容词,也可作代词。

所以它可以作主语、宾语、定语、同位语等。

Her parents are both teachers.她父母都是教师。

Both of them are good at English.他们两个都擅长英语。

(2)both 作同位语时,其位置一般位于实义动词之前,系动词或助动词之后。

They both have blue eyes.他们两个都有蓝色的眼睛。

They are both tired. 他们俩都累了。

(3)both...and...表示“不仅……而且……;……和……都”,此结构作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。

Both you and I were wrong last time.上次你和我都错了。

【妙辨异同】both 指“两者都”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

both...and...表示“…… 与……两者都”,作主语时,谓语动词仍用复数形式。

all 后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词,用来指三者或三者以上都。

neither 意思为“两者都不”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。

neither...nor...表示“既不…… 也不……”,作主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。

either 是指两者中的任意一方、每一个,故作主语时谓语动词用单
数形式。

either...or... 表示两者选其一,意为“要么……要么……”,作主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。

【即时演练】
1)—Which jacket do you prefer,this one or that one?
—__B__ is OK.I don't care too much. A.Both B.Either C.Neither D.All
2)—Would you like tea or coffee?
—__B__,thanks.I'd prefer a coke.
A.Both B.Neither C.All D.Some
18.It's not necessary to be the same. 没有必要是一样的。

(Unit 3)
【知识点睛】本句使用固定句式It is/was +adj.+to do sth.。

it 是形式主语,放在句首,动词不定式作真正主语,放在句末。

为了避免头重脚轻,将真正主语放在后面。

It's not good to complain too much.抱怨太多是不好的。

温馨提示:动词不定式复合结构作真正主语时,介词for 后面的宾语可以看作是后面动词不定式的逻辑主语。

It's very important for us to learn English well.,对我们来说学好英语是很重要的。

19.We both like sports, but he plays tennis better, so he always wins. 我们都喜欢运动,但他网球打得更好,所以他总是赢。

【知识点睛】win 动词,意为“获胜;赢;赢得”。

He won the first prize in the match. 在比赛中他获得了一等奖。

【妙辨异同】beat 与win
(1)beat 表示“打败;胜过”之意,后接的宾语多是某运动员或球队。

beat 还可以表示“敲打;(心脏等)跳动”。

其过去式为beat,过去分词为beaten,现在分词为beating。

(2)win 意为“赢;获胜”,作及物动词,win 通常接game,war,match,prize 之类的名词作宾语,不可以接表示人的名词作宾语。

其过去式、过去分词相同(won),现在分词为winning。

We beat them by 2 to 1.我们以2 比1 赢了他们。

Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls?你认为明星队能打败公牛队吗?His heart is still beating.他的心脏还在跳动。

I always win a prize.我总是赢得奖品。

【即时演练】—Who ________ the tennis game yesterday?
—Jack, he ___D__ all the others.
A.beat; won B.won; won C.beat; beat D.won; beat
20. My best friend is similar to Larry because she’s less hard-working than me. 我最好的朋友和拉里很相似,因
为她没有我学习努力。

(Unit 3 P22)
【知识点睛】辨析be similar to, take after, look like 与be like be similar to sth. /sb.某物为某人所熟知;与……相似。

如:My pen is similar to yours.我的钢笔和你的相似.
take after sb. 长得像,行为、性格等像,主要指有血缘关系的亲子之间外貌相似。

另外,也可用在性格脾气这些内在特质上。

如:
Mary really takes after her mother.玛丽的确长得像她的妈妈。

look like sb. /sth. 能够用来表达take after 的意思,但look like 多指视觉上的相似,应用范围广,可以用于所有场合,既可指人也可指物,只指外表看上去像。

如:
The man looks like our headmaster. 那个人看起来像我们的校长。

be like sb. 类似,相似侧重性格方面的相似。

如:
He is like his father. Both of them are friendly to others. 他性格很像他的父亲。

他们都待人很友好。

21.When people watch the show, they usually play a role in deciding the winner. 人们看这样的节目时,通常承担着评判优胜者的角色。

【知识点睛】play a role 是一种固定表达,意为“扮演某一角色;起到某种作用”。

若要进一步引出具体内容,后应用介词in,表示“在某事或某个方面起到作用或承担角色”。

Parents play an important role in their children's learning. 父母对孩子的学习起着重要作用。

22.And one great thing about them is that they give people a way to make their
dreams come true. 关于这种节目一件好的事情是他们给了人们一种使他们的梦想变成现实的方法。

(Unit 4) 【知识点睛】(1)give sb. sth.“给某人某物”也可表示成give sth. to sb.
Please give me some advice.=Please give some advice to me. 请给我一些建议。

【归纳拓展】类似于give 用法的单词还有:
offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物sell sb. sth.=sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb.给某人看某物pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb. 给某人传递某物
(2)make 为使役动词,后跟动词原形,即make sb. do sth.。

He always makes his mother get angry. 他总是让他的母亲生气。

23.However, not everybody enjoys watching these shows. 然而,并不是每个人都喜欢
看这些表演。

【知识点睛】在英语中,not 与all, both, every, always 等连用时,表示部分否定,意为“并不是所有的……都……”。

如果要表示完全否定,则要用其相对应的否定词no, none, neither, no one, never, not…at all 等。

Not all balls are round.=All balls are not round. 并不是所有的球都是圆的。

None of us likes playing chess.我们
都不喜欢下棋。

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