专升本英语(阅读)模拟试卷98(题后含答案及解析)

专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷98(题后含答案及解析) 全部题型 5. Reading Comprehension
Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics and war. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books. In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective (主观的): it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly “political”artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May, 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its abuse (滥用) of power over people. In the same way, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art had been almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that described people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn’t read, they could still understand the Bible stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that statues are not holy.
1．More can be learned about a culture from a study of art history than general history because______.
A．art history shows us nothing but the political values
B．general history only focuses on politics
C．art history gives us an insight(洞察力) into the essential qualities of a time and a place
D．general history concerns only religious beliefs, emotions and psychology
正确答案：C
解析：本题可参见文章第一段的最后一句话“In short，art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place，and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper
understanding than can be found in most history books”，其实，该问题就是这句话的翻版，即艺术能够更全面深刻地反映历史。

所以选C。

知识模块：阅读理解
2．Art is subjective in that______.
A．a personal and emotional view of history is presented through it
B．it only reflects people’s anger or sadness about social problems
C．it can easily arouse people’s anger about their government
D．artists were or are religious, who reflect only the religious aspect of the society
正确答案：A
解析：问题是“艺术是主观的，原因在于______。

”文章第二段中有一句话：“Art，on the other hand，is subjective：it reflects emotions and opinions．”从这句话中可以看出艺术是感情和观点的反映。

所以选A。

知识模块：阅读理解
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．In history books political views of people are entirely presented.
B．Francisco Goya expressed his religious belief in his painting The Third of May, 1808.
C．In the Middle East, you can hardly find animal or human figures on palaces or other buildings.
D．For centuries in Europe, painters had only painted on walls of churches or other religious buildings.
正确答案：C
解析：从文章第三段倒数第二句话：“By contrast，one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was(and still is)its absence of human and animal images．”能够看出，中东的艺术形象中没有人和动物的形象。

此题的关键是找关键词：the Middle East。

找到后就能很快地确定答案。

所以选C。

知识模块：阅读理解
4．The passage mainly discusses______.
A．the development of art history
B．the difference between general history and art history
C．what we can learn from art
D．the influence of artists on art history
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查对文章主题思想的理解和把握。

文章共分三段。

第一段是概括段落，第二段和第三段采用对比的写作方法，分别介绍历史和艺术，突出历史与艺术的不同之处。

因此，文章主要讲一般历史和艺术历史的区别。

所以选B。

知识模块：阅读理解
5．It can be concluded from the passage that______.
A．Islamic artists paint images of plants, animals in their paintings
B．it is more difficult to study art history than general history
C．a history teacher must be quite objective
D．artists painted people or stories from the Bible to hide their political beliefs
正确答案：C
解析：通过对艺术和历史的对比分析，可以得出结论：既然历史本身是客观的，那么，历史老师也应该客观地对待历史。

所以选C。

知识模块：阅读理解
Blind people can “see” things by using other parts of their bodies. This fact may help us to understand our feelings about color. If blind people can sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, are affected by color unconsciously (无意识地). Manufacturers (生产商) have discovered by experience that sugar sells badly in green wrappings , that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and that cosmetics (化妆品) should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries have grown into a branch of color psychology. Color psychology now finds application in everything from fashion to decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore associated with calm, which yellow is a day color with associations of energy and incentive(刺激). For a primitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw red as the color of blood and anger and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defense and self-protection. Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their psychological associations, also have a direct psychological effect. People exposed to bright red show an increase in breath, in heartbeat and in blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming color. Because of its exciting meaning, red is chosen as the signal for danger, but closer analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alarm. So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop the traffic dead.
6．Our preferences for certain colors are ______according to the passage.
A．associated with the time of the day
B．dependent on our personalities
C．are linked with our ancestors
D．partly due to psychological factors
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查对句子意思的理解。

根据文章第三段第二句话“Some of our preferences are clearly psychological．”可以看出我们对颜色的喜好是心理因素的影响。

本题的关键是找出关键词preferences，这样答案就容易找了。

所以选D。

知识模块：阅读理解
7．If people are exposed to bright red, which of the following things does NOT happen?
A．They breathe faster.
B．They feel satisfied.
C．Their blood pressure rises.
D．Their hearts beat faster.
正确答案：B
解析：根据文章第四段第二句话“People exposed to bright red show an increase in breath，in heartbeat and in blood pressure；red is exciting．”可知A、C、D均正确，所以选B。

知识模块：阅读理解
8．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Color probably has an effect on us which we are not conscious of.
B．Yellow fire engines have caused many bad accidents in some advanced communities.
C．People exposed to pure blue start to breathe more slowly.
D．The psychology of color is of some practical use.
正确答案：B
解析：从文章的最后一句话“So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop the traffic dead．”可知鲜黄色更能产生警告的效果。

因此，在一些先进的社区，急忙赶路的消防车和救护车用鲜艳的黄色来标明以阻止交通堵塞，所以选B。

知识模块：阅读理解
9．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Manufacturers often sell sugar in green wrapping.
B．Dark blue brings people the feeling of being energetic.
C．Primitive people associated heat and anger with red.
D．Green and yellow are associated with calm and passive defense.
正确答案：C
解析：根据文章第三段第四句话“For a primitive mall，activity during the day meant hunting and attacking，while he soon saw red as the color of blood and anger and the heat that came with effort．”可知对一个原始人来说，白天的活动就是打猎和攻击，而他很快就把红色看做是血液和愤怒以及与努力相伴而来的热量的颜色。

所以选C。

知识模块：阅读理解
10．Which of the following could be the most suitable title for the passage?
A．The Branch of Color Psychology.
B．Color and Its Meanings.
C．The Practical Use of Color Psychology.
D．Color and Feelings.
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查对文章主题思想的理解。

根据文章第一段可知文章主题是颜色和人的情感的关系，然后逐渐展开。

所以选D。

知识模块：阅读理解
The Pentagon headquarters of the Department of Defense in the US is one of the world’ s largest office buildings. It is twice the size of the Merchandise Mart in Chicago, and has three times the floor space of the Empire State Building in New York. There are very few people throughout the United States who do not have some knowledge of the Pentagon. Many have followed news stories emanating from the defense establishment housed in this building. However, relatively few people have had the opportunity to visit. The Pentagon is virtually a city in itself. Approximately 23,000 employees, both military and civilian, contribute to the planning and execution of the defense over approximately 30 miles of access highways, including express bus lanes and one of the newest subway systems in the country. They ride past 200 acres of lawn to park approximately 8,770 cars in 16 parking lots; climb 131 stairways or ride 19 escalators to reach offices that occupy 3,705 square feet. While in the building, they tell time by 1,200 clocks, drink from 691 water fountains, utilize 284 rest rooms, consume 4,500 cups of coffee, 1,700 pints of milk and 6,800 soft drinks prepared or served by a restaurant staff of 230 persons and distributed in 1 dining room, 2 cafeterias, 6 snack bars, and an outdoor snack bar. The restaurant service is a privately run civilian operation under contract to the Pentagon. Stripped of its occupants, furniture and various decorations, the building alone is an extraordinary structure. Built during the early years of World War, it is still thought of as one of the most efficient office buildings in the world. Despite 17. 5 miles of corridors it takes only seven minutes to walk between any two points in the building.
11．Which of the following statements about the Pentagon is TRUE?
A．Most Americans know about it.
B．It is now open to the public.
C．Around 23,000 workers contribute to its planning.
D．It is one of the world’s tallest buildings.
正确答案：A
解析：文章第一段第三句表示：“There are very few people throughout the United States who do not have some knowledge of the Pentagon．”，即在美国几乎没有人不知道五角大楼的。

因此A正确。

知识模块：阅读理解
12．Which of the following statements about the transportation of the Pentagon
is NOT true?
A．It is accessible by subway.
B．People have to walk a lot to reach offices.
C．People can go there by bus.
D．The parking lots cover 200 acres of land.
正确答案：D
解析：通过文章第二段对五角大楼各种数据的描述不难看出，D项表述不确切，文中说的是草坪的面积是200英亩，而D项偷换了概念，因此选D。

知识模块：阅读理解
13．Why does the author quote so many figures in the second paragraph?
A．To show that he knew quite a lot about the Pentagon.
B．To show the large scale of the Pentagon.
C．To show that it costs a lot of money to keep the Pentagon going.
D．To show that Pentagon is a privileged place.
正确答案：B
解析：从文章第二段首句：“The Pentagon is virtually a city in itself．”可知，五角大楼本身实际上就是一个城市。

作者引用大量的数据来说明五角大楼的规模宏大。

因此正确答案为B。

知识模块：阅读理解
14．Which of the following is NOT managed by the Pentagon?
A．The parking lot.
B．The restaurant service.
C．The water fountains.
D．The rest rooms.
正确答案：B
解析：根据第二段最后一句：“The restaurant service is a privately run civilian operation under contract to the Pentagon．”可知，只有餐馆是由私人经营的。

因此正确答案为B。

知识模块：阅读理解
15．Which of the following statements about the structure of the Pentagon is TRUE?
A．All the offices are connected by 131 stairways and 9 escalators.
B．The longest distance between two offices is 17. 5 miles.
C．There is no rest room in the Pentagon.
D．It takes no more than 7 minutes to walk from one place to another in the Pentagon.
正确答案：D
解析：从文章的最后一句：“…it takes only seven minutes to walk between any two points in the building．”得知D项为正确答案。

A中的all the offices是错误的
理解，文章只是说爬13l级台阶或乘19个自动扶梯就可以到达办公室。

B项的原文应为17．5英里长的走廊；而C项明显错误，文章明确指出有284间洗手间。

知识模块：阅读理解
For an increasing number of students at American universities, old is suddenly in. The reason is obvious: the graying of America means jobs. Coupled with the aging of the baby-boom generation, a longer life span means that the nation’s elderly population is bound to expand significantly over the next 50 years. By 2050, 25 percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995. The change poses profound questions for government and society, of course. But it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions and in law and business as well. “ In addition to the doctors, we’ re going to need more sociologists , biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers,” says Professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern California’ s (USC) School of Gerontology (老年学). Lawyers can specialize in “elder law”, which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination5 (歧视). Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history. “Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money,”one professor says. Margarita Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC. She began college as a biology major but found she was “really bored with bacteria”. So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she liked it. She says, “I did volunteer work in retirement homes and it was very satisfying.”
16．“Old is suddenly in” (Para. 1) most probably means______.
A．America has suddenly become a nation of old people
B．gerontology has suddenly become popular
C．more elderly professors are found on American campuses
D．American colleges have realized the need of enrolling older students
正确答案：B
解析：从全文来看，本篇文章所介绍的是老年学的问题，所以“Old is suddenly in．”指的是老年学突然流行起来。

故选B。

知识模块：阅读理解
17．With the aging of America, lawyers can benefit______.
A．from the adoption of the “elder law”
B．from rendering special services to the elderly
C．by enriching their professional knowledge
D．by winning the trust of the elderly to promote their own interests
正确答案：A
解析：从文章第二段首句：Lawyers can specialize in “elder law”来看，正
确答案为A，即律师可以从“老年法”中获益。

知识模块：阅读理解
18．Why can businessmen make money in the emerging elder market?
A．Retirees are more generous in spending money.
B．They can employ more gerontologists.
C．The elderly possess an enormous purchasing power.
D．There are more elderly people working than before.
正确答案：C
解析：根据文章第二段第二句：“…are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history．”可推理出商人之所以能从老年市场获益，是因为这部分退休的老年人都十分富有，并且拥有很强的购买力。

因此正确答案为C。

知识模块：阅读理解
19．Who can make big money in the new century according to the passage?
A．Retirees who are business-minded.
B．The volunteer workers in retirement homes.
C．College graduates with an MBA or law degree.
D．Professionals with a good knowledge of gerontology.
正确答案：D
解析：从文章第二段最后一句：“Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with，say，an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money．”可知，获得MBA或律师学位的优秀的专业人士，再与老年学知识相结合，将会赚取更多的钱。

所以正确答案为D。

知识模块：阅读理解
20．It can be seen from the passage that the expansion of America’s elderly population______.
A．will provide good job opportunities in many areas
B．will impose an unbearable burden on society
C．may lead to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination
D．will create new fields of study in universities
正确答案：A
解析：文章第一段倒数第二句：“But it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professionals，and in law and business as well．”说明美国老龄人口的增加会在很多领域提供就业的机会。

故选A。

知识模块：阅读理解
Television has opened windows in everybody’s life. Young men will never again go to war as they did in 1914. Millions of people now have seen the effects of a battle. And the result has been a general loathing of war, and perhaps more interest in
helping those who suffer from all the terrible things that have been shown on the screen. Television has also changed politics. The most distant areas can now follow state affairs, see and hear the politicians before an election. Better informed, people are more likely to vote, and so to make their opinion count. Unfortunately, television’s influence has been extremely harmful to the young. Children do not have enough experience to realize that TV shows present an unreal world; that TV advertisements lie to sell products that are sometimes bad or useless. They believe that the violence they see is normal and acceptable . All educators agree that the “television generations”are more violent than their parents and grandparents. Also, the young are less patient. Used to TV shows, where everything is quick and interesting, they do not have the patience to read an article without pictures; to read a book that requires thinking; to listen to a teacher who doesn’t do funny things like the people on children’s programs. And they expect all problems to be solved happily in ten, fifteen, or thirty minutes. That’s the time it takes on the screen.
21．The underlined word “loathing” in the first paragraph refers to______.
A．preference
B．faith
C．dislike
D．belief
正确答案：C
解析：根据文章第一段第二句话“Young men will never again go to war…”以及最后一句中“loathing”和“interest”的对比可推知此处loathing的意思是dislike(不喜欢，厌恶)。

知识模块：阅读理解
22．In the past, many young people______.
A．knew the effects of war
B．went in for politics
C．liked to save the wounded in wars
D．had to attend wars
正确答案：D
解析：根据短文第一段，A、C两项都是错误的。

B项文中没有提到。

只有D项根据文章第一段的第二句话“Young men will never again go to war as they did in 1914．”可以得出。

知识模块：阅读理解
23．Now with TV people can______.
A．discuss politics at an information center
B．show more interest in politics
C．know the result of an election quickly
D．express their opinions freely
正确答案：B
解析：根据短文第二段，A、D两项都不符合文章的意思。

C项比较片面。

B项的依据是：Better informed，people are more likely to vote，and so to make their opinion count．由此可推断出人们对政治的兴趣更多了。

知识模块：阅读理解
24．The author thinks that TV advertisements______.
A．are reliable on the whole
B．are useless to people
C．are a good guide to adults
D．are very harmful to the young
正确答案：D
解析：第三段第一句提到“Unfortunately，television’s influence has been extremely harmful to the young．”接下来讲了电视广告的危害。

由此判断选D。

知识模块：阅读理解
25．From the passage, we can conclude that______.
A．children should keep away from TV
B．TV programs should be improved
C．children’s books should have pictures
D．TV has a deep influence on the young
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查考生对全文意思的整体把握。

我们直接根据文中具体的段落或者句子可以推导出来的结论只有D项。

A项“孩子们应该远离电视”文中没有提到。

文章只讲到电视对年轻人有害。

B项“电视节目应该提高”文章中也没有依据。

C项也是无依据的。

D项的依据是Unfortunately，television’s influence has been extremely harmful to the young．整个后两段讲的都是对年轻人的影响。

知识模块：阅读理解。