Period11 - Reading Materials(i)
Reading materials 阅读材料
高三英语阅读课材料Text 1On Friday, October 21, at approximately 8:30 a.m., Judith Reynolds, owner of The Cupcake Factory, arrived at her establishment to find that it had been robbed and vandalized overnight. The front window of the shop at 128 Broad Street was broken, and chairs and tables were overturned throughout the café area. Additionally, the cash register had been damaged and emptied of money. The thieves attempted to open the safe as well, but were unsuccessful. Ms. Reynolds used her cell phone to report the crime to the police. She also phoned the proprietor of Primo Pizza, located at 130 Broad Street, as she noticed that the door of that restaurant showed signs of forced entry. The police department is asking anyone with information to call 555-2323.1. What happened to The Cupcake Factory?2. When was the crime discovered?3. Where did it happen?4. What was stolen?5. Who called the police?6. What other businesses were affected?Text 2Today’s postal service is more efficient and reliable than ever b efore. Mail that used to take months to move by horse and foot now moves around the country in days or hours by truck, train, and plane. First-class mail usually moves from New York City to Los Angeles in three days or less. If your letter or package is urgent, the U.S. Postal Service offers Priority Mail and Express Mail services. Priority Mail is guaranteed to go anywhere in the United States in two to three days or less. Express Mail will get your package there overnight.Which of the following sentences best summarizes the main idea of the passage?a. Express Mail is a good way to send urgent mail.b. Mail service today is more effective and dependable than it was in the past.c. First-class mail usually takes three days or less.Text 3Underline the topic sentence.Erik always played cops and robbers when he was a boy; now, he’s a police officer. Suzan always played school as a little girl; today, she is a high-school math teacher. Kara always played store; today, she owns a chain of retail clothing shops. Long before they are faced with the question, “What do you want to be when you grow up?” some lucky people know exactly what they want to do with their lives.Text 4Radios have been stolen from four cars in our parking garage this month. Each time, the thieves have managed to get by the parking garage security with radios in hand, even though they do not have a parking garage identification card, which people must show as they enter and exit the garage. Yet each time, the security officers say they have seen nothing unusual.Which of the following best summarizes the statement’s main idea?a. There are too many thefts in the garage.b. There are not enough security guards.c. There is something wrong with the security in the parking garage.PracticePeople believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you’re wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(体育馆). Here, people are learning on climbing. The climbing wall goes straight up and small holding places for hands and feet.How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and belt around your chest to hold you. There are ropes(绳索)tied to your waist. The ropes hold you in place so that you don’t fall. A beginner’s wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it’s easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, it’s not. The most difficult part is to control your fear. It’s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it’s difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the belt and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.1. What can we infer from the passage?A. People are fairly interested in climbing nowadays.B. It is impossible to build up one’s body by climbing.C. People can only learn the skill of climbing outdoors.D. It is always easy to see holding places in climbing.2. The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is _______.A. to tie ropes to your waistB. to control your fearC. to move away from the wallD. to climb straight up3. T he word “workout” underlined in the last paragraph most probably means _________.A. settlementB. exerciseC. excitementD. tiredness4. Why does the author write this passage?A. To tell people where to find gyms.B. To prove the basic need for climbingC. To encourage people to climb mountains.D. introduce the sport of wall climbing。
参赛教案(职教)Unit 11 Pop Music Reading1
Unit 11 Pop Music Reading1（Period 3）—Jay Chou, a quiet boy with a big talent Analysis of the teaching material(1) This unit centers on pop music. It introduces different kinds of musical styles and the famous singers both at home and abroad.(2) This lesson is the third period of this unit. This article concentrates on Jay Chou, a very famous musical star in China, and his way to success.(3) Students have had a general idea of the different musical styles and most of them are very interested in music and Jay Chou.Teaching objectives：Knowledge objectives:1. Help students to get a main idea of the passage and have a general impression of Jay Chou2. Learn some useful words and expressions.Ability objectives:Train and improve students’ reading abilities, including their skimming and scanning skillsEmotion objectives:Let students understand the success formula and learn Jay Chou’s way to success Teaching important and difficult points:Key points: 1.Let students know something about Jay Chou and find out his way to success.2. Help students understand the text well and master some useful words and expressions.Difficult points: How to help students generalize a conclusion from facts.Teaching method：communicative teaching method; task based teaching method; the audio-visual method；ask and answered methodTeaching aids：Tape recorder; MultimediaTeaching procedures:Step 1 Pre-readingShow students a video of Jay’s performance in Spring Festival Gala Evening of 2011 After watching, ask students some questions:1.Who is the singer?2.What is the name of the song?3.Who is his partner?4.Do you like Jay Chou? Can you say something about him?Step 2 PredictionRead the title of the text — “Jay Chou, a quiet boy with a big talent ”，ask students topredict what kind of person Jay Chou is. (Quiet; Talented)Step 3 While-reading1. Listening practiceClose the book and listen to the text, try to fill in Jay Chou ’s personal file2. Open the books and read the text carefully, then do T or F questions() 1.Jay Chou grew up in a single-parent family. ( ) 2.Jay Chou was a top student when he was at school.( ) 3.Jay Chou’s mother forced to learn piano when he was only three years old.( ) 4. Jay Chou had been a famous songwriter by 1998.( ) 5. Jay Chou’s musical style is quiet different from others.( ) 6. Jay Chou ’s songs were well accepted at the very beginning.( ) 7. Jay Chou had his first performance on stage in the year of 1998.( ) 8. Whenever any musical ideas came to mind, he would jot them down.3. Explain some language points and do some exercises .(1) have interest in /be interested in 对…感兴趣(2)keep on doing 重复做某事，坚持做某事(3)be absorbed in 专注于…，对…全神贯注(4)prove…to be 证明，证实，被发现(5)be bright in 在某方面出色(6)at the very beginning 在最初(7)come to mind 想起，进入脑海(8)jot down 记下，写下(9)before long 很快，不久(10)o n stage 在舞台上Complete the sentences by using the expressions above:(1)He ____________ writing every day.(2)Let me ____________ your telephone number.(3)It is already 5:30 now. Your parents will be back __________.(4) The attempts __________ to be useless.(5)Lucy ___________ her lessons preparing for the coming term test. Don’t trouble her.(6). When he saw they were playing basketball, a joke __________ soon.Step4 Post-reading1. Ask students to read the text together.2. Close the book, try to fill in the blanks by using the words and phrases below, changing the form if necessary.Jay Chou is a _________ boy, who was ________ in Taiwan on January 18, 1979. He ______________ music when he was a little boy. His mother sent him to learn piano when he was three years old. He loved it and keep on ___________ it all the time. His parents got a _____________ when he was only 13 years old. From that time on, he became even quieter and more ______________ in music.Whenever any musical ideas ______________, he would _______ them _______. Basketball is his favourite sport and he often plays it with his friends. But he ______ not _________ some of his school’ subjects. In 1998, Jay entered the ______________ industry. But his songs were not well accepted ____________. After working behind the __________ for a long time, he was discovered by Jacky Wu as a __________ songwriter and a singer. He had his first performance __________ in the year of 1998.__________, “JayChou ” became a _____________ name, especially among the teenagers.3. Group workAsk students to workin groups of four to find out the supporting details from thepassage and put them down in the right box.The success formula: Success= Talent+ Effort +OpportunityConclusionNo pains ,no gains! No one can succeed easily. Jay Chou ’s story tells us that we needmore effort to the road of success besides talent and opportunity. Jay Chou can be asuccessful man, if you work hard, you also can be successful. Please believe yourself!4.Listen to the song “蜗牛” by Jay Chou and try to sing the song together附歌词：蜗牛该不该搁下重重的壳，寻找到底哪里有蓝天随着轻轻的风轻轻地飘，历经的伤都不感觉疼我要一步一步往上爬，等待阳光静静看着它的脸小小的天有大大的梦想，重重的壳裹着轻轻地仰望我要一步一步往上爬，在最高点乘着叶片往前飞小小的天流过的泪和汗，总有一天我有属于我的天我要一步一步往上爬，在最高点乘着叶片往前飞任风吹干流过的泪和汗，我要一步一步往上爬等待阳光静静看着它的脸，小小的天有大大的梦想我有属于我的天，任风吹干流过的泪和汗总有一天我有属于我的天Homework1. Practise reading the text fluently and review the words and expressions.2. Translate the following sentences into Chinese:(1)He loved piano and kept on practicing.(2)From that time on, the quiet boy became even quieter and more absorbed in hisown music world.(3)Whenever any musical ideas came to mind, he would jot them down.(4)His soulful voice and unique musical style have won him fame and fans(5)Jay Chou became a household name, especially among the teenagers.3. Find more information about what Jay did after he succeeded.ReflectionIn this lesson, I put emphasis on the improvement of the students’ reading and communication skills; and apply teacher-led, student-centered teaching mode. During the teaching, using encouraging comments is important to raise students’ self-confidence.附课文阅读材料：江苏省中等职业学校试用教材《英语》第一册（江苏教育出版社出版）Jay Chou, a quiet boy with a big talentHe is a quiet and shy. He likes to hide his eyes behind his hair. He doesn’t smile very often. However, if you talk to him about music, he will have a lot to say.This is Jay Chou, the Taiwanese pop king. He was born in Linkou, Taiwan, on January 18, 1979. His mother noticed the boy’s special interest in music and sent him to learn piano when he was only three years old. He loved it and kept on practicing.When he was around 13 years old, Jay’s parents got a divorce. From that time on, the quiet boy became even quieter and more absorbed in his own music world. Whenever any musical idea came to mind, he would jot them down. Before long, he was writing his own songs. Besides music, basketball was also his favorite and he often played basketball with friends. But he was not very bright in some of his school subjects.In 1998, Jay entered the entertainment industry as a songwriter. But his songs were not well accepted at the very beginning. Who was Jay Chou? No one really knew much about him. After working behind the scenes for quite some time, he was discovered by Jacky Wu both as a talented songwriter and a singer. So, on November 1, 2000, he had his first important performance on stage. His soulful voice and unique musical style have won him fame and fans. Very soon “Jay Chou”became a household name, especially among the teenagers.。
2021年12月大学英语CET四级预测押题卷一和答案解析
2021年12月四级考试预测押题卷（一）Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a letter to offer your suggestions to your cousin who sought your advice on how to make his resume distinctive.You should write at least120words but no more than 180words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)Two.B)Three.C)Four.D)Five.2.A)He called the police after the accident.B)He broke his arm in the accident.C)He was caught taking drugs.D)He was arrested by the police.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)A cure to brain cancer.B)A new surgical instrument.C)A pen that can identify cancerous tissue.D)A new drug that can eliminate cancerous tissue.4.A)Finding the border between the cancerous and normal tissue.B)Identifying the accuracy rate of the new device.C)Improving their speed of removing a tumour.D)Using the new device in brain surgery.Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)To collect scientific data on it.C)To take photos of the storm on it.B)To monitor the storm on it.D)To investigate its environment.6.A)It has lasted for nearly350years.B)It has lasted for more that350months.C)It seems to be getting smaller.D)It seems to be getting larger.7.A)What initially caused the storm.C)What is the impact of the storm.B)What is underneath the storm.D)What makes the storm last for so long.Section BDirections：In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)It’s for disabled adults.B)It’s in a sports centre.C)It’s rewarding and challenging.D)It’s compulsive in her community.9.A)The skills they need.B)The products they have.C)The market they target.D)The language they require.10.A)Diversify markets and sales strategies.B)Reduce costs and jobs.C)Learn from other companies.D)Listen to the opinions of experts.11.A)The salary and the workload.B)The office hour and the penalty system.C)The welfare and the holiday system.D)The ethical policy and the carbon footprint.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Double-decker buses.B)The traffic in London.C)Bus routes.D)Travels in Britain.13.A)It has no windows.B)People get onto it at the front.C)It has two carriages.D)It is open at the back.14.A)Uncomfortable.B)Noisy.C)Dangerous.D)Shabby.15.A)Bendy buses can help reduce the traffic jam.B)Bendy buses are more environmentally friendly.C)Bendy buses are convenient for people in wheelchairs.D)Bendy buses are more popular among tourists.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)They had four toes.B)They were not as big as dogs.C)They lived in South America.D)They lived in thick forests.17.A)They had long legs and a long tail.B)They were smaller and had front eyes.C)They began to eat grass as well as fruit.D)They were bigger and had long legs.18.A)They evolved into donkeys in Asia and Africa.B)They used their long legs to run south to South Africa.C)They began to eat apples on the North American plains.D)They preferred grass to fruit and vegetables.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)Being rejected by friends and teachers.B)Staying away from his native land.C)Adapting to new study expectations.D)Keeping a balance between study and job.20.A)Talking with older brothers or sisters.C)Starting a conversation with close friends.B)Having a casual talk with a college student.D)Playing with friends on the same sports team.21.A)Follow traditions of with a college student.C)Respect the customs of different colleges.B)Take part in as many activities as possible.D)Take others’advice as reference only.Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)They tend to harm wildlife.C)They are thrown away everywhere.B)They are hardly recyclable.D)They are made from useless materials.23.A)It is fatal.B)It is weird.C)It is very serious.D)It is complicated.24.A)The sea creatures that have taken in then are consumed by humans.B)The ocean’s ecology has been polluted and affected humans.C)Humans eat the seabirds that have swallowed plastic particles.D)Humans consume the fish that have eaten sea creatures with them.25.A)Its use has been drastically reduced.C)Most products use natural materials.B)It is still an indispensable material.D)The use of plastic items will be charged.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.A third of the planet’s land is severely degraded and fertile soil is being lost at the rate of24bn tonnes a year, according to a new United Nations-backed study that calls for a shift away from destructively intensive agriculture, The alarming____26____,which is forecast to continue as demand for food and productive land increases,will ass to the risks of conflicts unless____27____actions are implemented,warns the institution behind the report.“As the ready supply of healthy and productive land dries up and the population grows,competition is ___28___for land within countries and globally,”said executive secretary of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification(UNCCD)at the launch of the Global Land Outlook.“To___29____the losses,the outlook suggests it is in all our interests to step back and rethink how we are managing the pressures and the competition.”The Global Land Outlook is____30____as the most comprehensive study of its type,mapping the interlinked impacts of urbanization,climate change,erosion and forest loss.But the biggest factor is the___31___of industrial farming.Heavy tilling,multiple harvests ans___32____use of agrochemicals have increased yields at the____33____of long-term sustainability.If the past20years,agricultural production has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled,notes a paper in the outlook by the Joint Research Centre(JRC)of the European commission.Over time,however,this___34___fertility and can lead to abandonment of land and ___35___desertification.A)absorb I)limitedB)abundant J)minimizeC)billed K)occasionallyD)decline L)optimizesE)diminishes M)rateF)expansion N)remedialG)expense O)ultimatelyH)intensifyingSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Take Naps at Work.Apologize to No One[A]In the past two weeks I’ve taken three naps at work,a total of an hour or so of shut-eye while on the clock.And I have no shame or uncertainty about doing it.I couldn’t feel better about it,and my productivity reflects it,too.[B]Sleeping on the job is one of those workplace taboos-like leaving your desk for lunch or taking an afternoon walk-that we’re taught to look down on.If someone naps at2p.m.while the rest of us furiously write memos and respond to emails,surely it must mean they’re slacking off(偷懒).Or so the assumption goes.[C]Restfulness and recharging can take a back seat to the perception and appearance of productivity.It’s easier to stay on a virtual hamster(仓鼠)wheel of activity by immediately responding to every email than it is to measure aggregate productivity over a greater period of time.But a growing field of occupational and psychological research is building the case for restfulness in pursuit of greater productivity.[D]Companies are suffering from tremendous productivity problems because people are stressed out and not recovering from the workday,said Josh Bersin,Principal and Founder of Bersin by Deloitte.“They’re beginning to realize that this is their problem,and they can’t just say to people,‘Here’s a work-life balance course,go teach yourself how to manage your inbox,’”Mr.Bersin said.“It’s way more complicated than that.”[E]To be sure,the ability to nap at work is far from widespread,experts said.Few among us have the luxury of being able to step away for a half-hour snoozefest.But lunch hours and coffee breaks can be great times to duck out,and your increased productivity and alertness will be all the evidence you need to make your case to inquiring bosses.[F]In an ideal world,we’d all solve this problem by unplugging early and getting a good night’s sleep. Here’s our guide on how to do just that.But the next best thing is stealing away for a quick power nap when you’re dragging after lunch.[G]In a study published in Nature Neuroscience,researchers tested subjects on their perceptual performance four times throughout the day.Performance deteriorated with each test,but subjects who took a30-minute nap between tests stopped the deterioration in performance,and those who took a60-minute nap even reversed it.[H]“Naps had the same magnitude of benefits as full nights of sleep if they had a quality of nap.”said Sara Mednick,a co-author of the study and associate professor of psychology at the University of California,Riverside.[I]Dr.Mednick,a sleep researcher and the author of Take a Nap!Change Your Life,said daytime napping can have many of the benefits of overnight sleep,and different types of naps offer specific benefits.[J]For example,Dr.Mednick said a20-to60-minute nap might help with memorization and learning specific bits of information.It’s just long enough to enter stage-two sleep,or non-rapid eye movement(R.E.M.)sleep.[K]After60minutes,you start getting into R.E.M.sleep,most often associated with that deep,dreaming state we all enjoy at night R.E.M.sleep can improve creativity,perceptual processing and highly associativethinking,which allows you to make connections between disparate ideas,Dr.Mednick said.Beyond that,your best bet is a90-minute nap,which will give you a full sleep cycle.[L]Any nap,however,can help with alertness and perception and cut through the general fog that creeps in during the day,experts said.[M]So how did we even arrive at this point where aptitude is inextricably tied(紧密相连)to working long, concentrated hours?Blame technology,but think broader than smartphones and laptops;the real issue is that tech has enabled us to be available at all times.[N]“We went through a period where people were in denial and business leaders were ignoring it,”Mr. Bersin said.“They were assuming that if we give people more tools,more emails,more Slack,more chatter,and we’ll just assume they can figure out how to deal with it all.And I think they’ve woken up to the fact that this is a big problem,and it is affecting productivity,engagement,health,safety,wellness and all sorts of things.”[O]It isn’t just office workers who can benefit from an afternoon siesta(午睡).A2015study published in Current Biology looked at the at the sleeping habits of three hunter-gatherer preindustrial societies in Tanzania, Namibia and Bolivia.[P]“They’re active in the morning,then they get in the shade under the trees and have a sort of quiet time, but they’re not generally napping,”said Jerome Siegel,professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences,and director of the U.C.L.A.Center for Sleep Research,a co-author of the study.“Then they do some work and go to sleep,and they sleep through the night.”[Q]Still,Mr.Siegel said,“the only genuine way to solve daytime sleepiness and fatigue starts the night before with a solid night’s sleep.”The real Holy Grail of restfulness is a regular sleep schedule with ideally seven or eight hours of sleep each night,which experts say is optimal.[R]“Daytime napping certainly does increase alertness,”Mr.Siegel said.“But it’s not as simple as going to the gas station and filling the tank.”[S]He also advises avoiding caffeine late in the day and waking around the same time every morning,even if you can’t get to sleep at the same time every night,This helps acclimate(使适应)your body to your regular wake-up time,regardless of how much sleep you got the night before.[T]So if you’ve made it this far and you’re interested in giving workday naps a try(or just starting to nod off),here’s a quick guide to the perfect nap;Find a quiet,unoccupied space where you won’t be disturbed.Try to make your area as dim as possible(or invest in a sleep mask you can keep in the office).Earplugs might help.too.Aim for around20minutes.Any longer than that and you’re likely to wake up with sleep inertia(睡眠惰性)，which will leave you even groggier(头脑昏沉的)than before.36.Participants’perceptual performance became better after sleeping one hour between tests in an article inNature Neuroscience.37.Jerome Siegel found that only by sleeping soundly through the previous night could people tackle theirweariness during the day.38.Our talent is closely bound to working with concentration for long periods of time because technologymakes us accessible24/7.39.Taking a nap at work is normally regarded as laziness that should be held in contempt and avoided inworkplace.40.Between20to60minutes,people can get into non-REM sleep which may improve memory and learningability according to Dr.Mednick.41.People can doze off at lunch and coffee breaks and defended themselves by saying their improvedproductivity and alertness when bosses investigated their whereabouts.42.The author’s tips on taking a perfect nap involve sleeping place,environment and duration.43.The author believes business leaders are aware that availability at any time due to technology has negativeeffects on every aspect of people’s life.44.The optimal length of a nap was an hour and a half so that people could go through a complete sleep cycle.45.Josh Bersin mentioned the cause of companies’big productivity problems and the solution which needsmore that just employees’efforts.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Every office worker hates meetings.But it’s a strange sort of hate,similar to the hatred of Londoners for the Northern Line,or New Yorkers for tourists who walk too slowly:the dislike is real,yet if the despised thing were to vanish,it’d be like surrendering a piece of your soul.When researchers probed into why people put up with the strain that meetings place on their time and sanity, they found something-those who resent and dread meetings the moat also defend them as a“necessary evil”, sometimes with great passion.True,research suggests that meetings take up vastly more of the average manager’s time than they used to.True,done badly,they’re associated with lower levels of innovation and employee wellbeing(幸福).But that’s just office life,right?It’s not supposed to be fun.That’s why they call it work.Underlying(引起)this attitude is an assumption that’s drummed into us not just as workers but as children, parents and romantic partners;that more communication is always a good thing.So suggestions abound for(大量存在)communicating better in meetings-for example,hold them standing up,so speakers will come to the point more quickly.But even when some companies consider abolishing meetings entirely,the principle that more communication is better isn’t questioned.If anything,it’s reinforced when such firms introduce“flat”management structures,with bosses always available to everyone,plus plenty of electronic distraction.In fact,constant connectivity is disastrous for both job satisfaction and the bottom line.And anyway,once you give it three seconds’thought,isn’t it cleat that more communication frequently isn’t a good thing?Often,the difference between a successful marriage and a second-rate one consists of leaving about three or four things a day unsaid.At work,it’s surely many more than four,though for a different reason;office communication comes at the cost of precisely the kind of focus that’s essential to good work.Yet we’re so accustomed to seeing talking as a source of solutions-for resolving conflicts or finding new ideas-that it’s hard to see when it is the problem.46.What does the author say about meetings?A)Londoners hate them as well as the Northern Line.B)They can help to keep workers’physical and spiritual health.C)Workers might be reluctant to give up them completely.D)New Yorkers dislike meetings more than Londoners.47.What did researchers find about people’s attitude towards meeting?A.Their attitude and behavior are paradoxical.B)People who hate meetings the most are senior insane.C)Those who like meetings might be considered insane.D)More meetings are regarded as a sign of less innovation.48.Why do people think that more communication is always a good thing?A)Because the concept is firmly believed by workers.B)Because everyone loves to communicate with others.C)Because the idea has been instilled into people’s mind.D)Because communication is vital for building relationships.49.What does the author think of the“flat”management structure?A)It forces bosses to frequently contact their employees.B)It helps to soften employees’bottom line of work.C)It is definitely a disaster to employees’job satisfaction.D)It strengthens people’s deeply-rooted notion of communication.50.What is the author’s argument about office communication?A)It is an effective way to solve office conflicts.B)It affects work efficiency in a negative way.C)It should come to a halt at intervals.D)It is useful for workers to find new ideas.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.The Internet has enabled the spread of information at lightning speed.This information revolution has created tremendous business opportunities for online publishers,but not all of them maintain proper quality-control mechanisms to ensure that only good information is being shared.Instead,many publishers aim simply to make money by whatever means possible,with no regard for the implications for society at large.When selfish publishers set up shops online,the primary goal is to publish as much as possible,often at the cost of quality.In this respect,many publishers start numerous online journals focused on overlapping(重叠的)disciplines—to increase their total number of published papers—and hire young business managers who do not have any experience in either science or publishing.In some cases,online publishers even give up peer review, while still presenting themselves as scientific journals—deception designed to take advantage of scientists who simply want to share their research.If publishers structure their business to make more revenue,it often does harm to their products.When publishers start journals with overlapping domains,in combination with the pressure to publish more studies,this could promote the publication of marginal or even questionable articles.Moreover,publishers with multiple overlapping journals and journals with very narrow specialties(专业)increase the demands on the time and efforts of willing reviewers.With the fact that reviewers are generally not compensated for their time and effort,journal editors are often unable to find enough reviewers to keep up with the increased publication rate.To improve the situation and increase the trust in scientific community,the pressure to publish must be reduced.Funding and promotion decisions should not be based on the number of publications,but on the quality of those publications and a researcher’s long-term productivity and instructions.And that’s just the start.We need additional mechanisms,such as Beall’s list of predatory(掠夺的)publishers, to alert scientists to fake journals and fake articles.In addition,the price for online publication must be controlled and a mechanism must be put in place to honor and reward hard-working reviewers.51.What does the author think of online publishers?A)A small proportion of them can guarantee their publishing quality.B)They have lots of opportunities to renovate their business models.C)Many of them tend to try every means to make a buck.D)Social impact is their first priority when publishing books.52.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that______.A)peer review generally is a criterion to identify academic journalsB)researchers focus their research on the combination of disciplinesC)scientists care about their publications rather than researchD)young business managers are willing to face new challenges53.Why can’t publishers find enough reviewers to review papers?A)Reviewers are pressed for time when reviewing articles.B)Reviewers’gains can’t make up for what they have done.C)Publishers may compel reviewers to accept marginal articles.D)Publishers urge reviewers to increase publication rate rapidly.54.What is the author’s suggestion for online publication?A)More weight should be put on the quantity of publications.B)It is worthwhile to reward diligent reviewers for their effort.C)Fake journals should be reported to a regulatory organization.D)The price of online publication should be lowered greatly.55.What is the main idea of this passage?A)Online publishers should take measures to fight against fake scientific journals.B)Online publishers are pursuing their work efficiency at the cost of quality.C)Online publishers business models are quite likely to harm their publications.D)Online publishers are sacrificing the quality of research articles to make money.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.春节是中国的传统节日，相当于美国的圣诞节。
chapter11.language acquisition
The one-word or holophrastic stage
Characterized by speech in which single terms are uttered for everyday objects. Already extending their use Most verbs and nouns, infrequent function words
Pre-language stages
Cooing:3months old the first recognizalble sounds with velar consonants such as [k] [g] as well as high vowels such as [i] [u] Babbling:6months old fricatives, nasals, syllable type sounds 9months old recognizable intonation patterns,combination 10-11months old use vocalizations to express emotions and emphasis
Imitation and practice alone cannot explain some of the forms created by children.
Children appear to pick out patterns and then generalize or overgeneralize them to new contexts. They create new forms or new uses of words.
Chapter 11 Language Acquisition
reading materials1~4
高考精读材料四If there is no difference in general intelligence（智力）between boys and girls, what can explain girls’ poor performance in science and mathematics?It seems to be that their treatment at school is a direct cause. Mathematics and science are seen as subjects mainly for boys, and therefore, as girls become teenagers, they are less likely to take them. Interestingly, both boys and girls often regard the subjects for boys as more difficult. Yet it has been suggested that girls do not take mathematics courses, not because they are difficult, but for social reasons. Girls do not want to be in open competition with boys because they are afraid to appear less feminine（女性的）and attractive.However, if we examine the performance of boys and girls who have taken mathematics courses, there are still more high-achieving boys than there are girls. This difference appears to be world-wide. Biological explanations have been offered for this, but there are other explanations too.Perhaps the difference which comes out during the teenage years has its roots in much earlier experiences. From their first days in kindergarten, boys are encouraged to work on their own and to complete tasks. Facts show that outstanding（杰出的）mathematicians and scientists have not had teachers who supplied answers.Besides, there can be little doubt that teachers of mathematics and science expect their boy students to do better at these subjects than their girl students. They even appear to encourage the difference between boys and girls. They spend more time with the boy students, giving them more time to answer questions and working harder to get correct answers from them. They are more likely to call on boys for answers and to allow them to take the lead in classroom discussion. They also praise boys more frequently. All of this seems to encourage boys to work harder in science and mathematics and to give them confidence（信心）that they are able to succeed.Such a way of teaching is not likely to encourage girls to take many mathematics and science courses, nor is it likely to support girls who do. When it comes to these subjects it seems certain that school widens the difference between boys and girls.（北京2003-D）When students and parents are asked to rate subjectsaccording to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority(优先). This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well ad the social environment it came influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society.Music provides a kind of perception(感知)that cannot be acquired any other way. Science can explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotive(情感的)meaning of the same phenomenon. We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all.The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses.Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love.So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize.（北京2009-D）Why I don’t 高考精读材料3spare “Spare Change”“Poor but honest.” “The deserving ( 值得帮助的) poor.” These words always come to my mind when I think of “the poor.” But I also think of people who, perhaps through alcohol (酒) or drugs, have ruined not only their own lives but also the lives of others in order to give way to their own pleasure. Perhaps alcoholism and drug addiction (上瘾) really are “diseases,” as many people say, but my own feeling — based, of course, not on any serious study — is that most alcoholics and drug addicts belong to the “undeserving poor.” And that is largely why I don’t give spare change to beggars.But surely among the street people there are also some who can rightly be called “deserving.” Deserving what? My spare change? Or simply the government’s assistance? It happens that I have been brought up to believe that it is proper tomake contributions to charity (慈善机构), but if I give some change to a beggar, am Imaking a contribution to charity and thereby helping someone, or, am I perhaps simply encouraging someone not to get help? Or, maybe even worse, am I supporting a cheat?If one believes in the value of private charity, one can either give to needy people or to charitable organizations. In giving to a beggar one may indeed be helping a person who badly needs help, but one cannot be certain that one is giving to a needy person. In giving to an organization, on the other hand, one can feel that one’s money is likely to be used wisely. True, facing a beggar one may feel that this particular unfortunate person needs help at this moment —a cup of coffee or a sandwich — and the need will not be met unless I put my hand in my pocket right now. But I have come to think that the beggars whom I meet can get along without my spare change, and indeed perhaps they are actually better off for not having money to buy alcohol or drugs.I know nothing about these beggars, but it’s my impression that they simply prefer begging to working. I am not generalizing about street people. I am talking about the people whom I actually meet. That’s why I do not give “spare change,” and I don’t think I will in the future.While parents, particularly mothers, have always been attached to their infants(婴儿), societal conditions frequently made this attachment difficult to maintain (保持).First of all, the high infant death rate in the premodern times meant that such attachments often ended in hopelessness. Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused, a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child.One of these premodern attachment-discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year. Another practice that discouraged maternal (母亲的) attachment was tightly wrapping (包裹) infants.Wrapping effectively prevented the close physical interactions like stroking (抚摸) and kissing that are so much a part of modern mothers and fathers affection for their infants.A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet-nursing. Breast-feeding (母乳养育) was not popular among the well-to-do in the early modern times: Infants were often fed by wet nurses hired for the purpose. In some places, such as nineteenth-century France, city infants were sent to wet nurses in the country. Often a wet nurse would feed her own child first, leaving little milk for the city infant——who in many cases, died. In Rouen, the death rate for children sent to a wet nurse was 35 percent.（北京卷2006-C,D）高考英语精读材料之二 How Room Designs Affect Our Work and FeelingsArchitects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our tho ughts, feelings and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep peop le focused and lead to relaxation.Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativ ity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the heig ht of a room's ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceil ings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abst ract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outloo k.In additions to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an o ccupant's ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell Universit y found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness a s a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention.Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window h ad higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.Recent study on room lighting design suggests thatdim light helps people to loo sen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that fur niture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. "We have a very limite d number of studies, so we're almost looking at the problem through a straw," archite ct David Allison says. "How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? That's what we're all struggling with." (北京2009-C)Domestic horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky Derby, and carry police . But early horses weren’t tame enough to perform these kinds of tasks. Scientists thi nk the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today.Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the fir st step in domestication.As people began to tame and ride horses, they chose to keep those animals tha t had more desirable characteristics. For example, people may have chosen to keep horses that had a gentle personality so they could be ridden more easily. People wh o used horses to pull heavy loads would have chosen to keep stronger animals. Cha racteristics like strength are partly controlled by the animals’ genes. So as the domes ticated horses reproduced, they passed the characteristics on to their young. Each n ew generation of houses would show more of these chosen characteristics.Modern day horse breeds come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. This vari ety didn’t exist in the horse population before domestication. The Shetland horse is o ne of the smallest breeds—typically reaching only one meter tall. With short, strong legs, the animals were bred to pull coal out of mine shafts with low ceilings. Huge hor ses like the Clydesdale came on the scene around 1700. People bred these heavy, t all horses to pull large vehicles used for carrying heavy loads.The domestication of horses has had great effects on societies. For example, ho rse were important tools in the advancement of modern agriculture. Using them to pu ll ploughs and carry heavy loads allowed people to farm more efficiently. Before they were able to ride horses, humans had to cross land on foot. Riding horses allowed p eople to travel far greater distance in much less time. That encouraged populations li ving in different areas to interact with one another. The new from of rapid transportati on helped cultures spread around the world.(北京2008-B高考英语精读材料之一It’s not easy being a teenager. Nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving, consider everything else open to di scussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll clam up. Instead, let him attempt to solve things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you’re always there for him should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenager’s privacy. Never read his mail or listen in on personal conversations.Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family’s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for l5 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least all equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation. Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part-time job.托福精读材料四Biological DiversityCoincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with tropical rain-forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms of richness of life.An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominant, most-distinctive feature -- the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away, it is easy to realize that landmasses occupy only one-third of the Earth's surface. Given that two-thirds of the Earth's surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean, the total three-dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 timesgreater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct species.The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic make up constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750,000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the greatest diversity of life is unquestionably the sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some representation there.To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water contains life, on the order of 100 to 100,000 bacterial cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including larvae of organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more托福精读材料之三The Works of Joyce Carol OatesJoyce Carol Oates published her first collection of short stories, By the North Gate, in 1963, two years after she had received her master's degree from the University of Wisconsin and become an instructor of English at the University of Detroit. Her productivity since then has been prodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays, and literary criticism. In the meantime, she has continued to teach, moving in 1967 from the University of Detroit to the University of Windsor, in Ontario, and, in 1978, to Princeton University. Reviewers have admired her enormous energy, but find a productivity of such magnitude difficult to assess.In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth, Donald Barthelme, and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction. Hers is a world of violence, insanity, fractured love, and hopeless loneliness. Although some of it appears to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of others. Her first novel, With Shuddering Fall(1964), dealt with stock car racing, though she had never seen a race. In Them(1969) she focused on Detroit from the Depression through the riots of 1967, drawing much of her material from the deep impression made on her by the problems of one of her students.Whatever the source and however shocking the events or the motivations, however, her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day.托福精读材料之二The Music of FilmsAccustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as "silent ," the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginni ng, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere film s were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896,they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was s ufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matchi ng their pieces to the mood of the film.As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cel list, would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters s mall orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each f ilm program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or ta ste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown if, inde ed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then, the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.To help meet this difficulty, film-distributing companies started the practice of pu blishing suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indications of mood as "pleasant," "sad, " "lively." The suggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sh eet -- containing indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precis e directions to show where one piece led into the next.Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of thes e early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.。
Unit 1 Reading for Writing (I)示范课教案【英语人教必修第三册】
Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations 子主题3：描述节日活动和经历Period 3 Reading for Writing (I)Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations子主题3：描述节日活动和经历Period 3 Reading for Writing (I)Activity 1: Present homeworkMake an oral presentation to introduce your favourite Chinese traditional festival. Activity 2: Look and answerLook at some pictures and answer the following questions.√Can you guess the name of the festival?√What do you know about this festival?Activity 3: Look and predictPredict the main idea of the dairy entry.Activity 4: Read and checkSkim the diary and check your predictions.Activity 5: Read and answer1. Read the diary entry and answer the questions.✓What does “Naadam” mean? Which events does it include?✓What Naadam Festival customs did you learn about?2.Read the diary entry again and answer the questions.✓What in your opinion is the most impressive thing about the festival?✓What else would you like to know about the festival and the writer’s experience?Activity 6: Read and answerStudents read the diary entry and the guidance of analysis of the structure on the right of eachparagraph. Answer the following questions.√How many parts can we divide the diary entry into?√What is the main idea of each part?Activity 7: Read and thinkStudents read the diary entry and analyze the language feature. （教材第9页活动2）Step 1 Pay attention to the tenses.√What person does the writer use to write his/her diary entry?√What tenses does the author use to write the diary? What are their functions?(Give one example for each tense you found and share the function.)Step 2 Rewrite the opening sentence of the article.Step 3 Pay attention to the feelings and emotions.Activity 8: Make a summarySummarize how to write a diary entry.Activity 9: Retell the “Naadam” experienceRetell the “Naadam” experience according to what you have learnt to your partner.Activity 10: Make a presentationEvaluation FormHomework:1. Read the text on P64 (Workbook) and finish Exercises 1 &2.2. Think about some festival experience that impressed you most.。
reading material
The advantages and disadvantages of using computersEverything has its both sides. Computers are no exception(不例外). For sure（确实）, computers bring our life many convenience. We can use them to know many things happened in the world.Time and distance are shortened by the internet. We can chat with our relatives, parents and friends face to face through the internet. It is hard to list all the advantages of using computers. And does it have some disadvantages? Of course,it has.In the information era（时代）, personal information has no place to hide. Some illegal（不法的）members use the internet to steal the personal information and do some evil（危害他人的）things.As to（对于）students, some are addicted to（沉迷于）the computer games. As a result, they both waste money and time for study.Using computers for a long time is also harmful to our body. Because it has radiation（辐射）which is bad for our skin, eyes and even our nerves（神经）.Anyhow（不管怎样）, we should use them reasoningly（理性地）. It is acceptable to relax once in a while（有时，偶尔）. But relaxing for a long time is not advisable（可取的）.。
Reading materials
Reading materials:UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon’s message for World Oceans Day8 June, 2011Oceans play a key role in our daily lives. They are integral to sustainable development and an important frontier for research. As scientists explore the oceans at greater depths than ever before, they continue to discover new forms of marine life. This research has great potential to advance human well-being.But, if we are to fully benefit from what oceans have to offer, we must address the damaging impacts of human activities. The diversity of life in the oceans is under ever-increasing strain. Over-exploitation of marine living resources, climate change, and pollution from hazardous materials and activities all pose a grave threat to the marine environment. So does the growth of criminal activities, including piracy, which have serious implications for the security of navigation and the safety of seafarers.Much action is already being taken within the framework of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea —our “constitution for the oceans”. More than 15 years after the Convention’s entry into force, it continues to act as our guide. But if we are to safeguard the capacity of the oceans to service society’s many and varied needs, we need to do much more. On this second annual commemoration of World Oceans Day, I urge Governments and citizens everywhere to acknowledge the enormous value of the world’s oceans — and do their part in ensuring their health and vitality.Never say die.Questions:1. What is the main idea about the speech from UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________2. What about your ideas of how to protect the oceans? (List 2-3 solutions at least)__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________。
Unit1__Period__11参考教案 (2)
Unit1 Period 11参考教案Integrating skillsTeaching objectives1. Target languageStarting a new school club.2. Ability objectivesEnable the students to start a new school club and design a poster for it.3. Learning ability objectivesHelp the students learn how to start a new school club and design a poster for it.Teaching important & difficult pointsLearn how to start a new school club and design a poster for it.Teaching methodsCooperation and task-based activities.Teaching aidsA computer and a projector.Teaching procedures & waysStep I Revision and Lead-inCheck the homework.实用文档T: In the last period, we read two articles from two students. One of them is Sandra’s article about her school life. From her article, we know that Sandra does many after-school activities which she thinks might help her go to a better college. This means after-school activities are very important to personal development. This period, we’ll learn how to do after-school activities and how to start a new school club.Step II Learning about school clubsActivity 1: ReadingT: A school club is an organization for students who share a particular interest or enjoy similar activities, or a group of students who meet together to do something they are interested in. Now please read the articles written by two students and try to get as much information about what school clubs are like as possible.Show the following.The name of the club:Who started:When was it started:Why was it started:实用文档What activities they do:Sample answer 1:The name of the club: A radio clubWho started: Kate Jones, the writerWhen was it started: Two years agoWhy was it started: CD players were not allowed in schoolThe activities:1. Every morning: tell students about the weather and recent news, plus some special messages the teachers want to broadcast2. During school exams: special programs telling students the things they should or shouldn’t do for preparation3. At the end of the school year: graduating students use the club to give messages to their close friends and teachers4. When parents come to visit and talk to the teachers: play songs sung bystudents, give special messages to inform the parents of eventsSample answer 2:The name of the club: Poets of the Next GenerationWho started: Our English teacher Mr Owen实用文档When the members meet: On the last Friday of every monthWhy was it started: CD players were not allowed in schoolWhat activities they do: talk about poems and poets: first, select or write poems, then read them out loud. And listen to each other talking about poems Activity 2: DiscussionT: After reading the two articles about two different clubs, we’ve got some idea of what school clubs are like. Then tell me what a school club should be like:S1: First, a school club should have a name which shows the aim of the club.S2: Second, a school club should have a program timetable.S3: Third, a school club should decide what activities it would include....Activity 3: PracticeAsk the students to do Parts B1 and B2 on page 87 in Workbook. Then check the answers.Step III Designing a posterActivity 1：Planning1. Decide what club to start实用文档T: To get a new club started, several things are needed: people, interest, meeting place, date and time. Now work in groups and decide what club you would have.A sample dialogue: Suggestions of members, voting on the suggestions, and asking for approval(Before starting the discussion, each group should choose a group leader. For example, S1 is the group leader in the following activities.)S1: Many students in our school devote themselves to study without caring about their health. I think we should start a healthcare club to help improve our health.S2: I think a table tennis club should be formed, because I know there are many table tennis fans in our school.S3: I think we should have an English club to help improve our English.S4: I think a weekend club is necessary because we are leading a boring life studying day and night. S1: Now let’s have a vote to decide which to choose. First, do you agree with my suggestion?S2: I agree.S3: Sorry, I can’t.实用文档S4: I agree too.S1: What about a table tennis club?...S1: So the final result is: we all agree with a healthcare club. Let’s ask for the advice from our teacher ... Mr Chen, could you give us some advice on our plan?T: Certainly. Health is really what we should concern most. Your idea is excellent. Ask the students to write the name down: Mind Your Health2. Discuss the tasksT: Since you’ve decided which club you wou ld choose, the next thing you would do is to design a poster advertising your new club. Next decide which group member(s) should do what task(s).A sample dialogue: Assigning the rolesS1: There are three tasks for us to do to design a poster. Among the three tasks,I think, the most important and difficult is doing research about school clubsand posters. The other two should be done on the basis of this task. S2 and I will take this task. S3 will be responsible for the second task, to make the poster. S4, your oral English is the best in our group, so you will be 实用文档responsible for the third task.S2: I agree. And to finish the preparation work, we should work together in every step.(Ask the students to) write the names of the group members beside the tasks they are responsible for.Sample answers:Research the information: S1, S2Make the poster: S3Present the poster: S4Activity 2：Preparing1. Finding informationInformation samples:(1) Poster Content && FormatAlthough professional posters use a slightly different format (usually a bigger size), the following guidelines are typical:●Include your title, author(s), a selected references section (your most important 2-3 references), and graphics — pictures, diagrams, figures, tables, etc. — these are usually more eye-catching and understandable than text实用文档●Condense! You cannot possibly present everything you know on the topic in that small space!!●Include only your important points, and use bullets rather than a paragraph format; complete sentences are not required●The most common error is including too much information — RESIST!!●Use larger section headings to help the casual reader quickly understand the poster’s organization (e.g., Education, Treatment)●Make your poster visually attractive●Color is a plus, up to a limit (don’t blind your audience)●Use PowerPoint or another computer program to create the poster —no handwriting. Make your poster readable from 5 feet away (at least 20-point font for the text and at least 75-point font for the title).●This aspect of the project is definitely more art than science, so have some fun with it! Don’t be afraid to go outside the boundaries of your posterboard●No typos or spelling errors(2) Presentation TipsDuring the poster presentation in class, you will stand next to your poster and provide a brief explanation of its content to people who come by. You will also 实用文档answer any questions they have about the topic. Here are some tips:●Be able to describe your poster topic within 2 minutes.●If interested, people will ask you more questions and you can expand on the details.●Use your poster as a visual aid, pointing to diagrams or other sections.●Remember that you are the expert on your topic — probably no one else on campus knows as much as you about your topic, so be confident!! (Don’t panic!)●If you don’t know the answer to someone’s question it’s OK to say you don’t know. Keep the conversation going, though —ignorance isn’t fatal, but just letting it hang in the air is pretty awkwa rd. Instead, say “I don’t know the answer to that —what do you think about it?”●Sometimes presenters make the mistake of “hiding” next to their poster. Even if you’re terrified, act confident and friendly: force yourself to smile, make eye contact, say hello, ask people walking by if you can tell them a little about your poster.●Dress professionally — if you look professional, you are more likely to feel and act professionally (e.g., better posture, better grammar).实用文档(3) Evaluation CriteriaPosters are worth 50 points; late posters will not be accepted! The best presentations will:●include the appropriate information (e.g., title, author, content, relevant graphics)●be visually attractive and readable●include appropriate organization and level o f details so the reader can quickly find and understand the main ideas●demonstrate good public speaking skills●demonstrate the presenter’s ability to professionally and knowledgeably discuss the topic and clearly answer questions(4) How to Present a Poster SessionPosters must attract the audience. There are other posters in “competition” with yours, and you want people to gravitate toward your display.Use primary colours (NOT shocking pinks and yellows).Use complementary colours (yellow and purple, red and green, orange and blue) as a background to text and art work.Use LARGE FONTS for the title and for “news caption” phrases (“news 实用文档caption” phrases are excerpts from the written text that capture the essence of some of the central ideas).Use at least 72 point font for the title, and 36 point font for the news caption phrases.Use 14 or 18 point font for the text.Use small blocks for the text — a wall of text is not attractive! Make sure that the small blocks of text can stand alone. That way, if someone comes up to your poster and reads only a small portion of it, it will still make sense.Use photographs, charts, samples of children’s work, and / or graphs.Use only one type of font (mixed fonts have an unprofessional look).Avoid using too many style changes (i.e., shadow, bold, italics, underscoring, etc.).Consider using right-ragged text (justified text looks nice from a distance, but is more difficult to read; remember that people will be standing and reading the text on the spot — you want to make the text as easy to read as possible). Use lots of “white space” around your work — light and empty space attracts the eye (and the reader).Use simple fonts (sans serif) such as Helvetica or Times New Roman.实用文档Run your spell check (twice!) and have a friend read the poster text in draft form before you mount the work.Bring various types of adhesive materials to be sure that you are prepared for whatever surface you are given to mount the poster (you don’t want to attract people’s attention by havin g the only poster that keeps falling down).(5) Now that you’ve got their attention, what information should the poster include?The poster should tell us WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, HOW, WHY as well as SO WHAT? and NOW WHAT? You should be able to “answer” each of these questions in a sentence or two, using language that the “intelligent layperson” can understand.Even though listing your method (when, where, how) is very important, most people are more interested in the “why” (what was it that led you to the action research or professional development opportunity your poster describes) and the “so what” (what are the implications of your work for you as a teacher, and for the students you teach) and the “now what”(what follow-up is intended). Consequently, your poster should emphasize these aspects of your work over the method.实用文档2. DiscussionS1: The aim of our club is to improve the students’ health. What do you think our club should do?S2: Our club will include the following programs: to give speeches by experts on health, food and psychology, to hold contests, etc.S1: How will our club attract new members?S3: First, we should make all the schoolmates known about our club; then help them achieve their goals.S4: And we can hold all kinds of contests to spread our ideas.S1: How can we help our members achieve their goals?S2: I think we can help them make a careful plan and learn to lead a balanced school life.S3: We can encourage our schoolmates to do more exercise and take part in all kinds of contests actively.S1: What do you think our poster should consist of?S2: The poster should tell the viewers WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, HOW, WHY as well as SO WHAT and NOW WHAT? We should be able to answer each of these questions in a sentence or two, using language that the others can 实用文档understand easily.S1: How does it attract its viewers?S3: I think we can use large section headings to help readers quickly understand the poster’s organization.S4: We can use PowerPoint to make our poster visually attractive.S2: And we should make sure there aren’t any mistakes in it, such as spelling errors.Activity 3: Producing1. Making a draftA sample draft of the poster:WANT TO BE TOP STUDENTS?BETTER HEALTH, TOP STUDENTWant to improve your school life quality? Then welcome to The Healthcare Club. Want to be top students? Join The Healthcare Club! We provide members: Speeches: (Experts’ speeches on food and health — every Friday evening)实用文档Expert:Better food habits can help you reduce your risk for heart attack. A healthful eating plan means choosing the right foods to eat and preparing foods in a healthy way.Exercise && Sports Activities: (Various sports activities — every morning and afternoon)Swimming, cycling, jogging, skiing, dancing, walking and dozens of otheractivities can help you build your health.Helping Hand: (Help you manage your lifestyle — Anywhere and Anytime) We can help you manage your lifestyle to reduce your risk for health problems. Eat a healthy diet, take your medicine exactly as prescribed and follow the recommendations of your team of healthcare professionals.实用文档The Healthcare Club will lead you into a better college!Students from Class 274The Healthcare Club2. DiscussionS1: How do you think of the draft？S2: I think the words in the first paragraph should be enlarged.S3: I think the pictures should be of the same size.S4: I think the wording in the last sentence might be misunderstood. It’s better to rewrite it like this: The Healthcare Club promises to present a healthy YOU. S1: And I think the ending should be more clear and we should add the telephone number or email address to it....3. Final versionFEEL STRESSED AND TIRED?Don’t neglect your health when busy with study! Come to The Healthcreation to tune up yo urself. You’ll find yourself better at everything! We provide you: Speeches: (Experts’ speeches on food, diet && psychology — every Friday evening)实用文档Expert: Better food habits can help you reduce your risk for health problems. A healthful eating plan means choosing the right foods to eat and preparing foods in a healthy way.Exercise && Sports Activities: (Various sports activities — every morning and afternoon)Swimming, cycling, jogging, skiing, dancing, walking and dozens of otheractivities can help you build your health.Helping Hand: (Help you manage your lifestyle — Anywhere and Anytime) We can help you manage your lifestyle to reduce your risk for health problems. Eat a healthy diet, take your medicine exactly as prescribed and follow the recommendations of your team of healthcare professionals.The Arena: (Contests and competition — every month)实用文档The Healthcreation promises to present a healthy YOU.Don’t hesitate to join in!Students from Class 274The HealthcreationTel: (010) 8442879E-mail: healthcreationclub666@Activity 4: ApprovalS1:Now we’ve finished the poster. Do you think it is all right?S2, S3, S4: It’s OK.Activity 5: PresentingS4: Nowadays, many of us feel pressure during the three-year study at senior high. Our parents and teachers are eager to see us enter a better college. We are heavily loaded right from the first day we come here. Under such circumstances, most of us spend much of the time on study without paying attention to our health. Our club, The Healthcreation, aims at a healthy atmosphere at our school and help you pave the way to the famous colleges.The Healthcreation will provide members with all kinds of speeches on food, nutrition, diet, and above all on psychology. Then we have sports and 实用文档exercise activities. You’ll have more chances to build your body. And finally, The Healthcreation will provide you chances to display your knowledge at The arena.Activity 6: DisplayingS1: Everything is OK now. What we do next is to put the poster on the school display wall. And be ready to answer any possible questions the viewers may ask. Encourage as many students to sign up as possible.S2, S3, S4: We will.Step IV Summary and HomeworkT: In order to have as many members as possible to join in your club, an attractive and convincing poster is necessary. After class, please1) Improve your posters to make them as perfect as possible.2) Make a summary of the unit.实用文档。
06reading material[7页]
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Do Only Human Beings Use and Create Tools？
1. create vt. 创造 2. take advantage of 利用 3. case n. 真实情况，情形 4. chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩 5. handy a. 手边的，就近的 6. strip vt. 脱去麦皮 7. twig n. 嫩枝 8. termite n. 白蚁 9. sponge ball 海绵球
tools, such as a fork or nutcrackers20.
During dry seasons, they use stones to dig
up tubers21, roots and insects from the
ground. No other species, except humans,
Capuchin monkeys are able to change what they find into tools, such as a fork or nutcrackers .
have ever been known to do this.
22. mysterious a. 神秘的 23. explore vt. 探究
Can you proudly say that only human beings are capable of creating and using tools today? Nature is mysterious22 and there are a lot more animals’ abilities we do not know, which encourages us human beings to explore23 and discover more.
04reading material[9页]
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16. business n. 生意；事务 17. stadium n. 露天体育场 18. major a. 主要的 19. leave a deep impression
给某人留下深刻印象
The Three Tenors’ business16 is big business. Their first live recordings from their concert in Rome have sold 14 million copies. Their concerts became more and more popular. The number of listeners grew quickly from 8 000 in Rome to 800 000 in Paris. In three years since 1996 the Three Tenors put on 10 stadium17 concerts in major18 cities around the world. Their beautiful singing voices left a deep impression19 on the audience. They have become the most famous tenors in the world.
Proper Names
The Three Tenors Luciano Pavarotti Placido Domingo Jose Carreras the World Cup Los Angeles the Eiffel Tower Paris South Pacific My Fair Lady Rome
Reading Material
The Three Tenor Singers
英美文学简史PPT课件
——阿贝拉尔（12世纪法国神 学家）
如何学习文学——“三不 分”
君掌盛无边
刹那含永
劫
—
—William Blake
文学包罗万象
• the inseparability of literature, history & philosophy
• Close connection between literature, music, painting & photography
Of prancing poetry
This traverse may the poorest take
Without oppress of toll:
How frugal is the chariot
That bears the human soul!
Emily Dickinson
——
文学的激励作用
1. learn basic information about different periods in English and American literary history
2. understand important writers of different schools of English and American literature
如何学好文学
• 学而无思则罔， 思而不学则殆。
文学与生活密切相关。从生活中汲 取灵感来理解文学；从文学中吸取智慧 来感悟人生。在“悟”中把握人生的真 谛。
Reading Materials高考阅读技巧
4. Last
fall NASA considered spending $15,000 on a public-relations campaign to convince the non-believers that Americans had in fact gone to the moon. That idea was mostly a reaction to a Fox television program, first aired in February 2001, that claimed to expose the hoax. The show’s creator
NASA
NON-BELIEVERS
Believers
Public-relation campaign 5. Anyway, NASA’s publicity campaign began to
slow down. The nonbelievers took the campaign as NASA’s effort to hide something while the believers said that $15,000 to convince people that the world was round — I mean, that we had gone to the moon — was simply a waste of money.
Mr. X (as I will call him, thereby denying him the joyous sight of his name in print) recently followed Buzz Aldrin around and called him “a thief, liar and coward” until the 72-year-old astronaut finally lost it and hit the 37-year-old Mr. X in the face.
牛津译林版九年级英语上册Unit 1 Reading (I) 示范课教案
15. Studentsdraw a mind map about the information of these four people, then retell the text.
应用实践之分析与判断、内化与运用
通过观察学生的活动反馈，了解学生对语篇的理解程度。
环节设计意图:学生通过跟读和复述文章内容，纠正语音、语调，内化语言信息，提高学生的口语表达能力。
教师引导学生玩圈画单词的游戏和回答问题的活动，激活学生已学知识。
教学活动
1. Students circle the words that appear in the table.
2. Students discuss what these words describe.
活动层次
学习理解之感知与注意
二、语篇分析
【What】
本节课的话题是“自我认识”，属于“人与自我”主题下的主题群“做人与做事”，子话题为“自我认识，自我管理，自我提升”。阅读文本包含了四个部分，分别介绍了四位不同领域的杰出人物的职业、性格特点等信息。
【Why】
人的性格千差万别，性格直接影响职业选择和成就。因此，本节课旨在引导学生正确的认识自我，根据自己的性格特点选择职业，同时引导学生根据职业倾向来发展相应的职业性格，认识卓越的职业成就源于热爱。
9. Students read thesecondpart and fill in the blanks.
10.nswer the questions.
11. Students read the third part and fill in the blanks.
活动层次
应用实践之分析与判断
迁移创新之推理与论证
Unit 3 Sports and fitness大单元教学设计
youknowtobetruefromtheexperience(E).(Page39,Activity?)
3.Readthetextagainandanswerthequestions.(Page39,Activity3)
Howwas1.angPing'sdeterminationtestedinthe2015WorldCup?
大单元教学整体设计
单元主题
Book1Unit3Sportsandfitness
单元总课时
11
课型
Newlesson
年级
Gradeone
单元
课标
要求
《普通高中英语课程标准（2020年修订）》指出：单元是承载主题意义的基本单位，单元教学目标是总体目标的有机组成部分。教师应充分了解必修课、选择性必修课和选修课的课程内容、内容要求及其之间的关联，根据高中学段的课程结构和总体目标，以及各单元的主题和教学内容，制订各单元的具体教学目标。单元教学目标要以发展英语学科核心素养为宗旨，围绕主题语境整体设计学习活动。
单元层次任
务设计
层次一：基础知识
1.词汇：能正确使用下列单词和词块。
soccer,stadium,boxing,badminton,marathon,event,ski,host,track,gym,gymnastics,sweat,athlete,master,honour,medal,champion,apart,injury,captain,strength,failure,compete,pretend,million,cheat,audience,positive,slim,diet,rather,jog,stress,errorcomealong,Irackandfield,workout,makeit,Setanexample,fallapart,Ioseheart,giveup,makesense,pretendtodosth,evenif7though,makeadifference,ratherthan,cut...
02reading material[7页]
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which may only last a few minutes or
even seconds.
5. bungee-jumping n. 蹦极 6. elastic a. 有弹性的 7. ankle n. 踝；踝关节 8. dive vi. 跳水 9. cliff n. 悬崖；峭壁
I would consider bungeejumping5 to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot-air balloon), 200 meters above the ground with an elastic6 rope tied to your ankles7. You fall up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is claimed that perhaps 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee-jumping. Other activities which most people would say are as dangerous as bungee-jumping involve jumping from tall buildings and diving8 into the sea from the top of high cliffs9.
Reading Material
Dangerous Sports What and Why
1. activity n. 活动
大学英语 阅读. reading material
(1).Long bus rides are like television shows. They have a beginning, a middle , and an end---with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window. “Buy Super Clean Toothpaste.”“Drink Beer.”“Fill up with Pacific Gas .”Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television set off ,are you spared the unending cry of “You Need It! Buy It NowThe beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting, even if you’ve traveled that way before. Usually some things have changed-----new houses, new buildings, sometimes even a new road. The bus driver has a style of driving and it’s fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless or daring, the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story. Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the drive move into the right or the left-hand lane? After a while, of course, the excitement dies down. Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of ride. Food always makes bus rides more interesting .But you’ve got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops.The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know it will soon be over and there’s a kind of a kind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat, of course, had become harder as the hours have passed. By now, you’ve sat with your legs crossed, with your hands in your lap, with your hands on the arm rest----even with your hands crossed behind your head. The end comes just at the right time. There are just no more ways to sit.• 1. According to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip?C• A. Bused on the road• B. Films on television• C. Advertisements on the board• D. Gas stations• 2. What is the purpose of this passage?A• A. To give the writer’s opinion about long bus trips• B. To persuade you to take a long bus trip• C. To explain how bus trips and television shows differ• D. To describe the billboards along the road.• 3.The writer of this passage would probable favor__D__.• A. bus drivers who weren’t reckless• B. driving alone• C. a television set on the bus• D. no billboards along the road• 4. The writer feels along bus rides are like TV shows because ___B__.• A. the commercials both on TV shows and on billboards along the road are fun • B. they both have a beginning , a middle , and an end, with commercials in between• C. the drivers are always reckless on TV shows just as they are on buses.• D. both traveling and watching TV are not exciting.• 5. The writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because they both are __A___.• A. exciting• B. comfortable• C. tiring• D. boring.•(2)In the United Sates, 30 percent of the adult population has a “weight problem”. To many people, the cause is obvious: they eat too much. But scientific evidence does little to support this idea. Going back to the America of the 1910s, we find that people were thinner than today, yet they ate more food. In those days people worked harder physically, walked more, used machines much less and didn’t watch television.Several modern studies, moreover, have shown that fatter people do not eat more on the average than thinner people. In fact, some investigations, such as the 1979study of 3,545 London office workers, report that, on balance, fat people eat less than slimmer people.Studies show that slim people are more active than fat people. A study by a research group at Stanford University School of Medicine found the following interesting facts:The more the men ran, the more body fat they lost.The more they ran, the greater amount of food they ate.Thus, those who ran the most ate the most, yet lost the greater amount of body fat.• 1. The physical problem that many adult Americans have is that__C____.• A. they are too slim B. they work too hard• C. they are too fat D. they lost too much body fat• 2.According to the article, given 500adult Americans , __D___ people will have a “weight problem.”• A. 30 B. 50 C. 100 D. 150• 3.Is there any scientific evidence to support that eating too much is the cause of a “ weight problem”C• A. Yes ,there is plenty of evidence• B. Of course, there is some evidence to show that this is true.• C. There is hardly any scientific evidence to support this.• D. We don’t know because the information is not given4. In comparison with the adult American population today, the Americans ofthe 1910s ___A__.• A. ate more food and had more physical activities.B. ate less food but had more activities• C. ate less food and had less physical exercise.• D. had more weight problems.• 5. Modern scientific researches have reported to us that __A___.• A. fat people eat less food and are less active• B. fat people eat more food than slim people and are more active• C. fat people eat more food than slim people but are less active• D. thin people run less ,but have greater increase in food intake•(3)The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify themOne of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In the highly industrialized society the problem may be complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.•1. According to the passage, a large population will provide a chance for developing __B____.•A. agriculture B .transport system•C. industry D. national economy•2. In a developed country, people will perhaps go out of work if the birthrate __B___.•A. goes up B. is decreasing•C. remains stable D. is out of control•3. According to the passage, slowly rising birthrate perhaps is good for __A__.•A. a developed country B. a developing country C. every nation with a big population D. every nation with a small population on4. A smaller population may mean __D_____.•A. higher productivity, but a lower average income•B. higher productivity, but a higher average income•C. lower productivity, but a lower average income•D. lower productivity, but a higher average income•5. It is not easy job to carry out a general plan for birth control throughout theworld because____C___.A. there are too many underdeveloped countries in the worldB. underdeveloped countries have low level of industrial developmentC. different governments have different views about the problemD. even developed countries may have complex problems.(4)The fourth-graders at Chicago’s McCormick Elementary School don’t know Chinese is supposed to be hard to learn. For most, who speak Spanish at home, it’s becoming third language. They’ve been hearing and using Chinese words since nursery, and it’s natural to give a “ni hao” when strangers enter the classroom. “ It’s really fun!” says Miranda Lucas, taking a break from a lesson that includes a Chinese interview with Jackie Chan. “ I’m teaching my mom to speak Chinese.”The classroom scene at McCormick is unusual, but it may soon be a common phenomenon in American schools, where Chinese is rapidly becoming the hot new language. Government officials have long wanted more focus on useful languages like Chinese, and pressure from them ------as well as from business leaders, politicians and parents-----has produced a quick growth in the number of programs.Chicago city officials make their best effort to include Chinese in their public schools. Their program has grown to include 3,000 students in 20 schools, with more schools on a waiting list. Programs have also spread to places like Los Angels, New York City, and North Carolina. Supporters see knowledge of the Chinese language and culture as an advantage in a global economy where China is growing in importance. “This is an interesting way to begin to engage with the world’s next superpower,”says Michael Levine, director of education at the Asia Society, which has started five new public high schools that offer Chinese. “Globalization has already changed the arrangements in terms of how children today are going to think about their careers. The question is when , not whether, the schools are going to adjust.”The number of students learning Chinese is tiny compared with how many study Spanish or French. But one report shows that before-college enrollment (报名人数)nearly quadrupled between 1992 and 2001, from 6,000 to 24,000 . Despite the demand, though ,developing programs isn’t easy. And the No.1 difficulty, everyone agrees, is having enough teachers. “Finding teacher is the challenge,”says Scott McGinnis , an academic adviser for language institute and a Chinese teacher for 15 years at the college level. “Materials are easy comparison. Or getting schools funded.”• 1. The best title for this passage might be_______.• A. Next Hot Language to study: Chinese• B. Next Hot Language to study: Spanish• C. Next Hot Language to study: French• D. Chicago is the place to learn Chinese• 2. The most difficult thing to do is finding ________.• A. enough textbooks for the Chinese programs• B. enough money for the Chinese program• C. enough teachers for the Chinese program• D. enough students for the Chinese program• 3. We learn from the passage that _______.• A. Scott McGinnis has been a Chinese teacher for 15 years.• B. Jackie Chan is a Chinese teacher at McCormick Elementary School• C. Chicago officials is required to learn English• D. Scott McGinnis is good at giving his opinions on everything4. According to the passage, all the following statements are true Except ________. • A. the number of students learning Chinese is small• B. Chinese programs have found their way in several major cities in the U.S • C. government officials don’t like the pressure from business leaders and parents to start Chinese programs.• D. China is becoming more and more influential in the world.5. The word “quadruple”in the last paragraph is close in meaning to“ multiplied by______”• A. three times B. four times• C. five times D. six times•(5)•Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people,but I also explain that there's a big difference between "being a writer' and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame, not the long hour alone at a typewriter. "You've got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer".The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U.S. Coast Guard to become a freelance（自由栏目）writer, I had no prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn't even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadn't gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that I barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write, I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn't going to be one of those people who die wondering: What if ? I would keep putting my dream to the test even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.• 1. The passage is meant to ______.• A. warn young people of the hardships that a successful writer has to experience• B. advise young people to give up their idea of becoming a professional writer• C. show young people it's unrealistic for a writer to pursue wealth andfame• D. encourage young people to pursue a writing career• 2. What can be concluded from the passage?• A. Genuine writers often find their work interesting and rewarding.• B. A writer's success depends on luck rather than on efforts.• C. Famous writers usually live in poverty and isolation.• D. The chances for writer to become successful are small•• 3. Why did the author begin to doubt himself after the first year of his writing career?• A. He wasn't able to produce a single book.• B. He hadn't seen anything for the better.• C. He wasn't able to have a rest for a whole year.• D. He though that he lacked imagination.•4. "…people who die wondering: What if ?"（Lin4-5, Para-3）refers to "those _____".• A. who think too much of the dark side of life• B. who regret giving up their career halfway• C. who think a lot without making a decision• D. who are full of imagination even upon death•5. "Shadowland" in the last sentence refers to _____.• A. the wonderland on often dreams about• B. the bright future that one is looking forward to• C. the state of uncertainty before one's final goal is reached• D. a world that exists only in one's imagination(6)•Today, cigarette smoking is a common habit. About forty-three percent of the adult men and thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to see that millions of people have given up smoking.•It is a fact that men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is 24-44.•Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person's smoking habit. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if a well-educated man with a higher income smokes , he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day.•The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family income and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily•Among teenagers the picture is similar. There are fewer teenaged smokersfrom upper-income, well-educated families, and fewer from families living in farm areas. Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of their parents smoke.•1. What do we know from the first paragraph ? C• A. More and more people take up the habit of smoking.• B. There are more smoking women than smoking men in USA.• C. It is good news that more people have given up smoking.• D. The U.S. has more smoking people than any other country.2. What factors determine a person's smoking habits ? D• A. Age, income and education.• B. Age, sex and income.• C. Occupation, income and sex.• D. Occupation, income and education.•3.Which of the following is true according to the passage ? D• A. City people are less likely to smoke.• B. People in rural areas are more likely to smoke.• C. Men with higher income tend to smoke.• D. Well-educated men with high incomes are generally less likely to smoke.•4. What is the smoking situation for women ? B• A. The situation is quite the same for women as for men .• B. Better-educated women are likely to smoke heavily.• C. There are more women smokers with low incomes.• D. Women with higher incomes and higher education do not tend to smoke.•5. What can we say about teenaged smokers ? B• A. The picture about the teenage smokers is similar to that of women smokers.• B. The situation among teenagers is quite the same with men.• C. High school students are more likely to smoke than college students.• D. Farmers' children tend to smoke more.(7)Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experience in nightmares.•In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemical that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not the memories are erased.•The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldier’s troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories. “ Some memories can ruin people’s lives. They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare.They usually come with very painful emotions.”said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. “This could relieve a lot of that suffering.”But those who are against the research say that it is very dangerous to change memories because memories give us our identity. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past. “All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I’m not sure we want to wipe those memories out.”said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.•1. The passage is about ____.•A. a new medical invention•B. a new research on memories•C. a way of erasing painful memories•D. an argument about the research on the pill•2. The drug tested on people can____.•A. cause the brain to fix memories•B. stop people remembering their experience•C. prevent body producing certain chemical•D. wipe out the emotional effects of memories• 3.We can infer from the passage that _____.• A. people doubt the effects of the pills• B. the pill will stop people’s bad experiences• C. taking the pill will do harm to people’s health• D. the pill has probably been produced in America• 4.Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with?• A. Some memories can ruin people’s live s• B. People want to get rid of bad memories• C. Experiencing bad events makes us different from others• D. The poll will reduce people’s suffering from bad memories.• 5. The word “scars”in Paragraph One is close in meaning to _____.• A. good stories B. pains C. experiences• D. memories•(8)•In ancient times the most important examination were spoken, not written.In the school of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consists of saying poetry aloud or giving speech.In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degree had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor’s degree. •Generally, however, modern examination was written. The written examination, where all students tested on the same question, was probably not known until the nineteen century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by teacher resembles a group of workers at anautomobile factory. Generally, during examination teachers and students are expected to act like machines.•One type of test is sometimes called an“objective”test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like correct answers to students who have not learned the material properly.• 1. In the Middle Age students ____.• A. took objective test• B. specialized in one subject• C. were timed by electric clock• D. never wrote exams• 2.The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that _____.• A. workers now take examinations• B. the population has grown• C. there are only written exams• D. examinations are now written and timed• 3. The kind of exams where students must select answers are____.• A. personal B. spoken• C. objective D. written• 4. Modern industry must have developed ______.• A. before the Middle Ages• B. around the 19 century• C. in Greece or Rome• D. machines to take tests• 5.It may be concluded that testing _____.• A. should test only opinion• B. should always be written• C. has changed since the Middle Ages• D. is given only in factories。
Reading Material[6页]
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Blank Filling
Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month . The main activities of Lantern Festival:
1) Appreciating colorful lanterns 2) Solving the puzzles on the lanterns 3) Eating yuana happy family reunion.
23. periods n. 时期
Besides entertainment17 and
beauti-ful lanterns, another important part of the Lantern Festival, or Yuanxiao Festival, is eating small dumpling18 balls made of glutinous rice flour. We call these balls Yuanxiao or Tangyuan. Obviously19, they get the name from the festival itself. It is said that the custom20 of eating Yuanxiao originated21 during the Eastern Jin Dynasty22 in the fourth century, then became popular during the Tang and Song periods23.
Englishreadingmaterials英语阅读材料.doc
English reading materials 英语阅读材料A My good friendI have a very good friend. It has no hands or feet. But it can do many things. I can use it to do my homework. I can use it to read books. I can use it to listen to music. I can use it to play games. I can use it to watch TV. I can use it to send emails. I can use it to talk to my friends. I can use it to surf on the Internet.What is it? Do you know?B. People and their computersMatch the questions with the answers. 将下面问句的答案序号填写在题后的括号里。
1.Do you like computers? ( )2.How many computers do you have? ( )3.What do you usually do on your computer? ( )4.Do you like playing computer games? ( )5.Do you usually use a computer at school? ( )*************************************************a. “I usually surf the Internet and read some stories.”( Tom )b. “Yes, I do. I like computers very much. I can do many things withcomputers. ( Peter )c. “Yes, we have computer classes at school. ( Jack )d. “I have two computers. One is in the study, the other is inmy bedroom. ( Mary )e. “Yes, I do. I like playing Tomb Raider. ( Mike )C Match the words in the two boxes. 将下列表中的单词连线。
ReadingMaterial
I. Knowledge Points for Negotiation Preparation(i) Introduction to the General Course of Negotiation PreparationThe general course of negotiation preparation consists of purpose setting, possibility analysis, partner choosing, people choosing and plan setting. The following chart presents the general course and content of negotiation course and we can call them as “5P” program. With such clear course, negotiators can establish a complete negotiation scheme, which will serve as the guide to the whole negotiation activity. In practice, the sequence of every specific preparation item may vary greatly due to the different actual situation. For example, in some circumstances, people choosing comes first, followed by possibility analysis and purpose setting.The following case presents the formation of a negotiation scheme.S Export Company’s Negotiation SchemeS Export Company promotes products to foreign customers. After product offer, S Export Company gets response and a foreign trade negotiation will start. Before dispatching the negotiation delegation, S Export Company has certain preparation and formulates a negotiation scheme whose details are as follows:1. Set Negotiation PurposeAbout price criterion: The price criterion reflected in the negotiation scheme formulated by S Export Company in advance is completed on the basis of scientifically analyzing the price formation of the opposite party. The predicted profit margin of the original quotation of S Export Company is 35% of sales. Roughly, this profit margin indicates 15% business expense, % profit, 5% risk and % flexible upon negotiation. This shows that, the predicted profit margin of S Export Company equivalent to 35% of its sales actually is the line S Export Company struggles for in the negotiation price formation and the flexible extent upon negotiation is %, which is the extent within which the opposite party is concessible. Therefore, in fact, on basis of analyzing the price formation of the opposite party, the purpose of the profit margin of the negotiation is set as % of its sales. Therefore, the negotiation purpose of the price level in the negotiation scheme of S Export Company can be stated as: in the valid period of the offer, without accidental risks, % of sales will set as the predicted profit margin for successful transaction.In order to further scientifically analyze the predicted purpose of the negotiation scheme, it is necessary to analyze the frequent accidental risk elements within the predicted profit margin: 1) Payment term. In export trade, the seller often meets some disadvantageous payment conditions.For example, the buyer requests paying only 5% of the cargo money first and paying 10% after the expiry of two-year guarantee period, etc. The interest loss caused by this payment delay will take up % of business expense. 2) Delivery delay penalty. According to the analysis of international trade practice, if the delivery period in the offer of the seller is two months after the signing of the contract, but the buyer requests the delivery conducted one month after the signing of the contract and one week delay will have 1% penalty. If the request of the buyer is accepted, the seller will take the risk of bearing 4% delay penalty. 3) Guarantee condition. If the seller provides one-year guarantee, but the buyer requests two years, then the seller will increase 1% expense.According to the above analysis, the negotiation purpose of the negotiation scheme of S Export Company can be stated as follows:① To increase the advance amount from 5% to 10%;②To cancel the request of the buyer to pay off the rest money after the expiry of the guarantee period and replace the buyer’s such request with bank warranty;③ To have the delivery period as provided in the offer; and④ To try to reduce the guarantee period to one year.2. Set the Lowest Acceptable Extent for Every Negotiation ItemsPrice criterion-As long as the transaction is conducted within the valid period of the offer, the seller can have a concession within the negotiation extent with profit margin reduced by at most 5%.Payment term-Any payment term requested by the buyer can be accepted provided that the business expense of the seller does not increase.Delivery-The delivery requested by the buyer can be accepted provided that no additional penalty is requested.Guarantee period-The request of extending guarantee period can be accepted provided that no significant risks occur within the guarantee period.3. Set Negotiation PeriodNegotiation requires sufficient preparation and operation. Before negotiation, negotiators shall have exact calculation and proper arrangement for negotiation time. The arrangement of negotiation period of S Export Company is as follows:The valid period of this offer is 1 month. If such valid period is extended, the expense as arising therefrom and in relation thereto for the first month will increase by % and for every month thereafter by 1%. If such the extension is more than 3 months, a new offer shall be made. As many transaction conditions such as delivery etc may change, the maximal grace period of this negotiation should be two months, within which, the negotiation purpose shall be accomplished.4. Composition and Staffing of the Negotiation TeamComposition:Responsible person: Mr. A, export sales manager;Members: Mr. B, system engineering assistant and Mr. C, counselor.Staffing:Mr. B is responsible for the negotiation of all engineering and production aspects and asking for all related data and information from the production manager; Mr. A is responsible for the contact with export credit guarantee institutions and obtaining necessary files from the export credit guarantee manager.5. Contact and Reporting SystemS Export Company establishes such negotiation communication channel and reference and reporting procedure as: Mr. A will report the negotiation work to D, vice president of S Export Company, then D will consult the experts of other departments of the company. If D is absent, vice president E will take its place. Within two weeks abroad, if the purpose of the negotiation is achieved within the negotiation scheme, no report is needed immediately; if after two weeks, the negotiation progress shall be reported.(ii) Purpose Setting1. Negotiation PurposeNegotiation purpose is the achievement to be realized for this negotiation, . the quantity or quality criterion or degree the negotiation can reach for all transaction conditions. In business negotiation, negotiation purpose is the core to direct the negotiation, and the most significant part in negotiation is based on negotiation purpose; in addition, strategy selection has also a close relation with negotiation purpose.The setting of negotiation purpose shall comply with three principles, . practicability, rationality and legality. On the negotiation preparation stage, the setting of negotiation purpose requires a purpose range rather than one single purpose.2. Level of Negotiation PurposeTypically, negotiation purpose system includes top line purpose, expected purpose, acceptable purpose and bottom line purpose1)Top Line PurposeTop line purpose is the highest purpose set for this negotiation, . the highest negotiation value to be realized and achieved via negotiation. In addition to meeting the benefit actually demanded by the negotiator, it has additional value.In practice, top line purpose can be realized rarely; therefore, the negotiation indicates a course in which the benefits of all parties involved are rearranged because no negotiator is wiling to let all benefits to the opposite. The negotiation result most likely is the compromise of both parties, however, it does not mean the final agreement can be reached on the purpose expected by every negotiator. In fact, with elaborate negotiation preparation, in addition to proficient negotiation skills or powerful strength, the negotiation result frequently will approach to the top line purpose.2) Expected PurposeExpected purpose is the negotiation purpose every negotiator expects after considering all actual benefit factors. It is the line negotiators struggle for in the negotiation value composition and the purpose negotiators expect to reach by mobilizing all factors and using all negotiation strategies.3) Acceptable PurposeThe purpose that can meet the partial requirements and realize partial benefits of negotiators is an acceptable purpose. In the project investment negotiation above, the investor, due to various reasons such as financing competence, the opposite’s payment competence etc, can only provide partial fund and thus cannot meet the predicted fund demand of the project party. This case is frequent. Therefore, in negotiation preparation, negotiators shall completely estimate the occurrence of this circumstance and establish corresponding measures and purposes.4) Bottom Line PurposeBottom line purpose is the lowest purpose set for this negotiation, . the worst but acceptable negotiation result to negotiators. Therefore, the lowest purpose is the purpose that negotiators must surely reach after great concession. Bottom line purpose is an extent purpose; negotiation cannot successful unless such purpose is reached or exceeded; otherwise, the negotiation must break.(iii) Effective Negotiation Preparation1. Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeatBefore negotiation, try to collect the following information and have scientific analysis to them.1) Market information and quality parameters in relation to the negotiation topic;2) Credit status of the opposite company;3) Competition environment; and4) Composition and personal archives of the negotiation opponents.2. Struggle to Hold Host AdvantageHuman is the creature with domain sense, in a strange environment, human may have double discomforts of physical and mental exhaustion. It is recommended to talk business in your own home, which is the castle and the largest strength is from. One of the reasons for the host victory rate higher than guest victory rate is the exertion of negotiation power, so the wise often waits at his ease for exhausted enemy and just only has to leave his home to a far place for understanding or validating something but not anxious to make a decision.3. No Free LunchSmall benefaction often affects big business. One compotation, some small gifts and a beautiful night etc, not as bribe but doing the honors, can cause the opposite to get involved in the negotiation with active attitude. People are inclined to petty gains and most hope to accept them without regret. Therefore, those companies treating customers at high level do right thing while those companies closefisted to pay meals will have more difficult negotiation.(iv) Set up Negotiation TeamMany important negotiations are conducted between organizations whose negotiation team often consists of the personnel proficient in various skills and specialties. Therefore, the selection of negotiation people and the establishment of negotiation team are one link that cannot be short of for negotiation preparation.The principles for setting up negotiation team include: do not choose bourgeois negotiation delegates, arrange negotiation personnel reasonably and have specific and clear roles. In addition to elaborative pre-negotiation drilling, the teamwork advantage that one plus one is bigger than two can be brought into full play.(v) Set Negotiation PlanBelow is the example to explain how to make out a negotiation preplan.1.Background Information:Negotiation of the Business Price of Kamaz Self-dumping TruckThe buyer’s background:Beijing Sunshine Machinery Import and Export Inc.(hereinafter referred to as “Sunshine”) is a company engaged in the import and export of processing, manufacture, maintenance, testing, transportation etc machinery and equipments, instruments and meters, tools and materials etc. Due to its professional operation, it enjoys high reputation in the industry and has wide customer channel. Automobile export and import business is the new business of the company, so the company, from the bottom to the top, pays much attention to such negotiation agent, and it particularly entrusts a company from the Yangtze River Irrigation Works System for the negotiation. If the business is negotiated toward right direction, the company will enlarge its business in the future. The company has ever done dicker trade on the Chinese-Russian border, so it has certain experience in the trade with Russia.The seller’s background: Russia Far East Trade Co., Ltd (hereinafter referred to as “Far East”) is a trade company engaging in the export of Russian machinery and equipments. For years, between China and Russia, Far East has realized many contracts in waste rails, steels, automobiles and fertilizers etc in dicker way and in buy-sell way. It has cultivated a group of trade personnel and “China Hand” that can speak fluent Chinese. As Far East has entered the Chinese market very early and set offices in China, many Russian manufacturers entrust it as their dealer to sell their products. Russian Automobile Manufacturers’ Federation has a close relation with the w hole car manufacturers in the Far East area and entrusts Far East to sell products to the Chinese market. The product involved herein between Sunshine and Far East is Kamaz self-dumping truck. Product: Kamaz self-dumping truck with 13t load, 4WD, middle load tonnage, excellent adaptability and high speed. Due to flexible body steering and excellent off-load and slope climbing performance, it has a wide application; in Russia, it is for civilian and military purposes and is well salable.Market background: There have been tens of Kamaz self-dumping trucks entered the Chinese market in dicker way; generally, these trucks have excellent performance, but limited to the existing occupancy in the market, the Kamaz manufacturer or dealer has not yet determined to set up after-sale service system including parts center and service center etc in China. The inconvenience of parts replacement and maintenance for such model, its advantage is severely affected. The Chinese users have a good impression in such model, especially the users of irrigation works, highway and metro construction project like this model more. However, this model faces up fierce competition, Czech Skoda self-dumping truck, Japan Mitsubishi self-dumping truck and some Chinese branded self-dumping trucks sell at USD13,000~18,000. Also, parts breed and quantity and guarantee period vary, for example, some have a guarantee period up to 6 months or 12 months or some provide guarantee for 10,000km or 30,000km. The price of Kamaz is in the middle and the guarantee condition is general.Customer relation:Both parties have other transaction relations and thus know each other; however, it is the first time for them to have Kamaz self-dumping truck trade in cash. Like the good relationship between Far E ast and Russian Automobile Manufacturers’ Federation, Sunshine has good cooperation relationship with the construction units of the irrigation works system. Far East and Sunshine has ever agreed to do automobile business. This time, it is Sunshine offers the order of 100 self-dumping trucks from the irrigation works administrations of the Yangtze River to Far East. Both companies regard it as trade and cooperation as well, because both are middlemen or called as “go-between”. Their purpose is to let the sup plier and users on both ends happy and satisfied.Negotiation Stage: Technical exchange has already completed and both parties have reached consensus on such aspect; price interpretation and assessment have been done and now it comes to the haggling stage.Place/Time: Beijing, China, November, xxxx.2. The Negotiation Preplan of the Seller (sample)General Rules: Try to reach an agreement within 40 minutes, struggle to sell at the price of USD14,000-USD15,000/unit; and provide general after-sale service.Concession Design:Tactic Design:Chief negotiator:1) Makes a response according to the attitude of the opposite; greetings shall be brief.2) Briefly, concisely and clearly introduces members3) Asks for the opposite’s bid once only.4) Offers “USD17,500/unit, DAF Manzhouli”, then immedi ately asks the opposite for bid.5) If the opposite delays bidding, it is necessary to urge it again and again. Regardless of bid price, firstly it is necessary to reach consensus on delivery mode.6) Asks Mr. Tang, director of the logistics department, to explain price formation.Mr. Tang: If the opposite puts forward other delivery modes, should try to explain the advantages of DAF:1) Kamaz whole automobile plant is located in Irkutsk. If the delivery is made at Vladivostok, the freight for 900km railway will increase, . the price of one truck will increase by USD500, which is disadvantageous to both parties.2) Vladivostok is a military port where commercial ship cannot stop.3) Delivery at Manzhouli is the convention, which both parties are familiar with.Not letting the opposite’s interruption, immediately explain the meaning of “USD17,500/unit, DAF Manzhouli”.Purchase cost (USD16,000) + Freight (USD800) +Insurance premium (USD200) + Customs clearance fees (USD300) +Discharging fees (USD200).Chief negotiator: If the opposite insists on below USD13,000/unit, makes the first round of concession, in order to show sincerity.If the opposite does not agree and keeps on its bid, asks for the opposite’s marketinformation and asks Miss Meng, manager of the marketing department, to explain our market research report.Miss Meng: Presents market research report and then explains it.1) The new Kamaz model combines the technologies of Japan Mitsubishi and Czech Skoda, so the cost has increased. Show the picture of the new Kamaz model to the opposite.2) The price of Kamaz trucks exported to other countries has never been less than USD16,000/unit, and the yield of this new model at present is very limited.3) China is in large-scale construction period, whether the Yangtze River Three Gorges Project or the Olympics Project, a large number of self-dumping trucks are needed; the price in the Chinese market will not be less than USD15,500/unit.Chief negotiator:1) If the opposite objects and insists on its bid, should not concede if its bid does not increase above USD14,000 and stresses that USD16,000/unit is only for the truck, not including parts and after-sale service.2) If the opposite increases the price to above USD14,000, has the 2nd round of concession and sincerely explains this price is a price to defense cost with small profit.3) If the opposite mentions after-sale service etc before concession, should not respond to such issue; after the opposite increases the price above USD14,000, asks technical engineer Mr. Liu to explains after-sale service.Mr. Liu:Asks whether the opposite is concerned about after-sale service; then mentions the expensive parts, the disability to make the decision on and for behalf of the manufacturer and high cost for dispatching servicing personnel. And hints the opposite that no after-sale service preferential conditions are available unless the price increases above USD15,000.Chief negotiator:1) If the opposite mentions rivals to force us to decrease price, persuades them with the quality and performance of Kamaz trucks, presents quality guarantee in written and emphasizes the necessity of this transaction by means of mentioning cooperation relation in the past, agency responsibilities and cooperation in the future etc.2) Once the opposite party approaches USD 14,500/unit, provides 2% concession; when coming to USD14,900/unit, clearly states this is the final offer.3) If the opposite does not actively follow, asks Miss Li, officer of the financial department to explain settlement mode.Miss Li: From financial calculation angle, explains why we will be out of pocket if the price isbelow USD14,900.1) If the settlement is made in US Dollar, our exchange rate risk is larger than that of the opposite.2) If the settlement is made in cash, unless otherwise the opposite pays off in lump sum, every unit will get USD500 net lost.3) Keep requiring the opposite to open the irrevocable L/C with the guarantee of European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), and no delivery will be made unless the opposite pays 1/5 of the total price as earnest money.Chief negotiator:1) If the opposite has the price above USD14,500/unit, it is recommended to close quotation decisively where proper.(2) Delivery mode, after-sale guarantee and settlement mode are the three major chips for this negotiation; no ravelment but promise according to actual situation is recommended.3) If the difference exists between USD14,500 and USD14,900 and time is urgent, explicitly tells the opposite to split the difference to close the quotationII. Knowledge Points for Negotiation Skills(i) Negotiation Power1. Negotiation Power and Negotiation SpaceThe correct meaning of negotiation power is the ability a negotiator has but the other negotiation parties are short of and that plays a crucial role in changing negotiation space.The so-called negotiation space refers to negotiation extent or the range for which an agreement can be reached.2. Case StudyNegotiation on Corporation Purchase CaseY Company (the buyer) intends to purchase X Company (the seller). Although the bid by Y Company for X Company is USD 18 million, Y Company actually thinks the value of X Company can reach up to USD 30 million and wants to buy X Company at any price less than USD30 million rather than lose such good opportunity; although X Company's offer is USD35 million, . it is willing to sell the company to Y Company at USD35 million, in fact it wants to sell the company at any price more than USD20 million rather than continue operating. In negotiation, both parties do not know the above information.Analyze the following questions:1) State the evaluation to the range in which an agreement can be reached after negotiation with drawings.2) With the existing knowledge and experience, analyze which tactics both parties will use in order to make negotiation space change advantageously.Answer 1:TheBoth parties can make full use of enforceability forces, for example, firstly have trustable and decided offer note, send believable threats to the opposite and control best alterative to negotiated agreement etc and improve negotiation conditions. In addition, actively put forward compensation and exchange principle, quote some advantageous rules or objective standards, reinforce negotiation information and knowledge storage and dispatch the negotiators easily accepted by the opposite etc, in order to make the negotiation space advantageous.Further study the case that Y Company (the buyer) intends to purchase X Company (the seller). Suppose, through the haggling of both parties, the following two possible results occur: Result 1: The mild negotiator of X Company agrees to sell X Company at USD22 million and thus the negotiation reaches an agreement and thus closes.Result 2: The tough negotiator of X Company keeps the price of USD28 million and thinks the only method to succeed in negotiation is to take tough attitude; obviously, the successful negotiation at this moment depends on the possibility that the negotiator of Y Company is mild and willing to pay USD28 million to buy X Company; however, once Y Company takes tough attitude, then the negotiation will be at a stand.Analyze the following questions:1) How to evaluate these two negotiation results? What eff ects will the “toughness” or “mildness” both parties bring on price negotiation and negotiation result? Then choose “toughness” or “mildness”?2) Is there the third negotiation result advantageous to both parties? If yes, what are the effective tactics to reach such negotiation result?Answer 2:1) If mild negotiators are dominant in the negotiation, the negotiation will be very smooth and reach an agreement; however, without doubt, X Company will have more concessions. If tough negotiators are dominant in the negotiation, if successful, X Company will get more benefits, but it will increase the risk of broken negotiation. Therefore, both methods are not optimal.2) The best negotiation result of course is that an agreement is reached at about USD25 million. Therefore, both parties should adhere to the negotiation opinion of cooperation and mutual benefit, completely exchange information and reduce difference and enlarge consensus with active and progressive attitude.(ii) Source of Negotiation Power1. Enforceability of Negotiation Bottom LineAs a whole, enforceability represents the ability of negotiators to decide, affect and change negotiation space by virtue of changing best alternative to negotiated agreement (BATNA). Negotiation is one of the means to accomplish such purpose: people attempt to have united action to achieve the result more satisfactory that that obtained by separate action. For such purpose, any negotiation party’s BATNA is the border of the negotiation space of value formation, a nd the value provided by any acceptable agreement cannot be lower than such border; otherwise, the negotiation will not reach an agreement and have to close. Therefore, if a negotiator can have trustable and decided offer note, send believable threats to the opposite and control best alterative to negotiated agreement etc, he may decide, restrict and affect negotiation space by means of changing BATNA and make the negotiation space advantageous to him and thus basically affect the negotiation progress.2. Use Compensation and Exchange Conditions ProperlyThis is the ability to create or expand possible agreement space for negotiation and thus to reinforce negotiation power. A negotiator can change negotiation items, increase new negotiationitems or reduce negotiation items to create negotiation common value and thus to create or expand possible agreement space for negotiation, reduce negotiation benefit conflicts and get in return the opposite to take and accept the actions advantageous to him. Therefore, if a negotiator seeks to increase negotiation items (in order to enlarge negotiation space) or reduce negotiation items (in order to lower the possible agreement space destroying the negotiation) within the adopted negotiation framework and firstly pays attention to the increase or decrease of the items stressing value creation, his ability to affect negotiation progress and negotiation result will be improved greatly.3. Comply with Rules and Objective StandardsIf a negotiator alleges his opinion is correct, legal and conforming, the opinion of the opposite on the negotiation space may change and thus make the negotiation space advantageous to him.Firstly, to some extent, historic or moral bases, objective or widely accepted standards and rules representing justice may restrict and affect the action of negotiators and thus have effective pressure on negotiators. Therefore, in negotiation, rules and objective standards will limit the negotiation space in the manner of being beneficial to the citing party, . the negotiator citing rules or objective standards can make the negotiation space advantageous to him.Secondly, historic or moral bases, objective or widely accepted standards and rules representing justice in relation to the negotiation topic are the moral dimensionality widely accepted among social organizations; therefore, in the determination of the possible agreement space for negotiation, they have the function of focusing. If negotiators make full use rules and objective standards, all negotiators can easily reach consensus on key matter as per commonly recognized rules; in addition, doing so can prevent the opposite from attributing concessions to one’s own disadvantage and thus harming dignity and face; as all know, the harm on negotiator dignity may worsen the negotiation space.4. Dispatch the Negotiator Recognized by the OppositeConviction, respect and recognition may increase individual sense of rights. This conclusion is applicable for negotiation action. The respect and recognition to the professional knowledge and negotiation ability of the opposite can cause him to follow and accept your opinion and proposal and may make him to change his opinion on the negotiation space and thus drive the negotiation progress advantageous toward you.5. Reserve Knowledge and InformationKnowledge and information may be the sources for the negotiation power of negotiators. By virtue of sufficient knowledge and professional ability, a negotiator can have effective communication with and conviction to the opposite and directly guide and affect the understanding of the opposite to negotiation space so as to make negotiation progress advantageous toward him. If the acquisition of sufficient information of a negotiator can change his cognition and understanding to the relation between matters and hidden benefits and thus reach affect and change negotiation space by means of affecting and changing other negotiators’ cognition to the value of reaching an agreement.As the sources to give and promote the negotiation power of negotiators, the above five factors all make the negotiation space change advantageously and thus affect negotiation progress and possible negotiation result. However, it is noticeable that the change of negotiation space does not mean the reaching of an advantageous agreement. Between changing negotiation space and the。
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定语从句 • The minister ______ (we held a party)
______ ______________ came here for the first time.(主干)
B. in whom honor
A. in whose honor = in honor of whom
此举会使血流进喉咙，易造成窒息。
Quiz of first aid
3) The best way to treat a hurt
ankle(踝关节) is to :
A. put an ice pack(冰袋) on it
B. put a heating pad(热垫) around it
Quiz of first aid 4) What should you do if a person has drunk poison by mistake? A. Make the poison throw up. B. Take the person and the poison containers to a hospital
出血 尖叫 目击；目击者 镇静 n.惊慌 救护车 n.回答；回复；反应 n.紧急情况
Let’s do Quizzes about "First Aids"
Quiz of first aid
1) What should you do if you
find a person who has stopped breathing ?
A.Run and find help
B.Try to start his /her breathing
Quiz of first aid 2) If you get a nosebleed(鼻出
血), gently let your head back
to stop the bleeding. A. True B. False
1) Facing danger, the teacher told the children to keep ______. A.calm B.silent 沉默的 C.quiet 安静的 D.still 静止不动的 2) --- I'm terribly sorry that I made your clothes dirty. --- _________ A.Never mind B.Don't mention it C.That's right D.No sorry
count (vt.) 数；计数 count money / books count from 1 to 100 (vi.) 有价值；很重要 (= matter) seconds count advice counts
As the final examination was drawing near, the teachers were busy _________ the test paper. A.preparing B. preparing for C.being ready D. prepared for
prepare sth. 准备... prepare for sth. 为...做其他准备 prepare to do sth. 准备做...
(n.) response (v.) respond respond to sth. 回答\回复\回应 ... respond with sth.用...来回答\回复\回应
Homework:
<新导练> Page143单选
和周报完形填空
(车)翻了 看起来好像 实施急救 目击事故现场 分秒必争 在紧急情况中 保持镇静 为...做准备 挽救生命
upside down look as if + 从句 give first aid witness an accident seconds count in an emergency stay calm prepare for ... save lives
3) --- I'm terribly sorry that I made your clothes dirty. --- _________ A.Never mind B.Don't mention it C.That's right D.No sorry 4)---What on earth do you keep ________ ? --- Sorry, just some problems. A. to mind B. in your opinion C. in mind D. on your head
1) It looked as if she ______ dead. A.was B.were C.had been D.will be 2)If I had known more about giving first aid, I ________ them. A. could help B. could have helped C. helped D. have helped
container ---- contain ---- include
•Three people are here,
includinห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ ________ Tom. Tom included ________.
electrical ---- electric 导电的 ---- electricity (n) witness a witness of the accident a witness to their quarrel
(车)翻了 看起来好像 实施急救 目击事故现场 分秒必争 在紧急情况中 保持镇静 为...做准备 挽救生命
upside down look as if + 从句 give first aid witness an accident seconds count in an emergency stay calm prepare for ... save lives
3. in honor of ….
= in one’s honor
• 为了表示对客人的敬意，我们招待他
们吃大餐. • We treated the guests to a big meal in honor of them.
= in their honor ※ have the honor of sth • May I have the honor of dancing with you ?
keep sth in mind = learn sth by heart = remember sth = recite sth panic --- get into a panic陷入惊慌 = be in a panic cause a panic引起惊慌 conscious of •He is conscious __________ his bad manners. 意识到、注意到…
帮助(aid)某人某事 aid sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事 aid sb. to do sth. 在某人的帮助之下 with the aid of sb. come to one's aid 帮助某人 对...的回答/回复/反应 the response to ... 记住... have/keep sth. in mind 下定决心做... make up one's mind to do e to one's mind 想起... 不介意 Never Mind. 介意(某人)做某事 mind (one's) doing
C. in honor of who
D. in the honor of whom
in need of … in place of …
需要 代替 负责 纪念 寻找、搜寻 歌颂
in charge of …
in memory of … in search of … in praise of… in favour of
Homework:
<新导练> Page160完形填空
和改错．
first aid 急救 catch fire 着火 keep sth in mind 记住 all of a sudden 突然 be conscious of 意识到 the response to sth 对作出反应 explain sth to sb 向解释某事 一位快要淹死的人 a drowning man
3) People who have witnessed an accident often wish that they ______ things to help. A.had done B. have done C.would have done D. should do
4) If we were to panic, we _________ able to help. A.were not B.would not be C.have been D.will be
tip --- give sb a tip 小费
sudden --- suddenly = all of a sudden 突然 explanation --- explain explain sth to sb = explain to sb sth report / suggest introduce / announce
at once.
Quiz of first aid
5) If a pan of oil catches fire,
what should you do?
A. pour some water into the pan.
B. Turn off the gas and cover