2010年高考英语(山东卷)阅读表达解析

2010年高考英语（山东卷）阅读表达解析
发表时间：2011-04-14T13:19:04.010Z 来源：《高教版英语周报》2011年第23期供稿作者：高海玲董洪才
[导读] 通过分析文章，不难发现文章的结构为总分式，第一段即阐明主旨。

阅读表达是主观题，这一题型旨在客观、全面地考查学生的概括能力、捕捉信息的能力、对事实的预测能力以及在理解文章基础上的翻译能力等。

它不同于传统的阅读理解题型，阅读表达的题目设置和答案设计都是开放性的，要求学生利用自己的语言把对文章和题目所理解的信息表达出来。

通过对近几年高考英语中阅读表达题型的研究，我们不难发现这一题型的设题方式主要有以下几种：主旨概括题、句子替换题、填空题、翻译句子题、问答题等。

不同的题型分别考查了学生不同的英语运用能力。

下面结合2010年高考英语（山东卷）阅读表达进行具体分析。

原题呈现
第四部分书面表达
第一节阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）。

[1] One out of many important things for the whole family to do is to have dinner together. Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, focusing mainly on how it affects children. Studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together, benefit in many ways.
[2] Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships. Children have better grades at school and are better adjusted as teens and adults, and the entire family enjoys healthier nutrition. For many families, eating dinner together proves to be good and effective way to reduce the risk of youth rates of addiction, and helps to raise healthier children. It is also a great time to share the events of the day, discuss news and ideas and just be together and enjoy each other's company.
[3] During dinner time parents have better opportunity to show that they are the prior to their children. Sitting at the same table and sharing meals is where and when parents can find out more about their children's school performance, daily activities and attitudes toward life. When parents have all this information they can better direct their kids toward positive things in life. They also have better chance to reduce the possibility that children will get involved with alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs.
[4] However, family researchers say that the benefits of family dinner by no means can be considered as automatic. Parents can sit down to dinner with their kids every day and achieve nothing. __________ if there is too much arguing going on, if there is no meaningful conversation or, what is even worse, if there is just plain silence during gathering.
76. What is the main idea of the text?
(no more than 8 words)
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77. Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one?
By having dinner together family members can have free exchange of information and develop closer ties among them.
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78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words.
(no more than 8 words)
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79. What information can parents probably get about their children at family dinner?
(no more than 12 words)
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80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese.
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主旨题
主旨题考查的是考生从整体上把握文章主题和中心思想的能力，一般要求学生在理解全文后对文章标题、大意或写作目的进行概括。

建议学生在作答时重点分析和参考主题句的句意和用词，同时在表达时要做到言简意赅、语法正确。

例如：
76. What is the main idea of the text?
(no more than 8 words)
通过分析文章，不难发现文章的结构为总分式，第一段即阐明主旨。

第一段的中心词汇为dinner together。

第一段共有三句话，经分析可知中心句应为最后一句话：Studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together, benefit in many
ways. 因此对于文章主旨的概括就应以此为据：Families benefit from eating together. / Having dinner together is beneficial to families.
替换句子
替换句子要求考生能准确地在文章中找到与题目所给句子意义相同的句子，并准确无误地抄写在指定位置上。

这类题目的难度是相对较小的。

在作答时，建议学生先分析题目中所给的句子，然后再去阅读文章，读到与其相似的句子时要多加注意，做好标记，核实之后再答题。

例如：
77. Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one? By having dinner together family members can have free exchange of information and develop closer ties among them.
经过分析可知，题目所给句子中have free exchange of information and develop closer ties among them这部分的意思是“自由交换信息，建立更紧密的关系”。

文中Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships.这句话的意思正好与其相似，因此本题答案为：Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships.
完成句子
完成句子对于学生来说具有一定的难度。

学生需要在通读全文的基础上，从整体把握中心思想，再从细节入手具体分析。

此外还需注意文章中的连接词在上下句中所起到的作用，如but, instead, while, on the contrary, and, what's more, such as, for example等，由此做出综合判断。

例如：
78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 8 words) 学生首先应注意Paragraph 4的中心句，即第4自然段第一句话：However, family researchers say that the benefits of family dinner by no means can be considered as automatic. 再根据下文三个if所引导的从句可知，在三种情况下家庭聚餐的好处是体现不出来的，因此经过综合分析，答案应为：No family dinner can benefit. / Family dinner may not benefit.
开放式回答和封闭式回答这类题目可易可难，可深可浅。

学生一般不应照抄原文中的句子来回答，需要对原文的信息进行加工，形成自己的观点。

从2008、2009、2010年的高考英语阅读表达题型的设计来看，命题者都选择了封闭式回答题型，由此降低了一定的答题难度，答案在原文中都能找到。

例如：
79. What information can parents probably get about their children at family dinner? (no more than 12 words) 此题答案在原文中便可找到，经分析可知父母通过家庭聚餐可以了解到：their children's school performance, daily activities and attitudes toward life.
翻译句子
翻译讲究的是信、达、雅。

翻译句子首先要求学生的词汇量应达到一定水平。

如果在翻译句子的过程中出现了生词，那么会直接影响翻译的效果。

在碰到句子中都是熟词的情况下，可先进行直译，然后再打破句子结构，找到一个符合汉语表达习惯的句子顺序，最终将其翻译出来。

例如：
80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese. They also have better chance to reduce the possibility that children will get involved with alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs. 此句中包含一个同位语从句，即possibility的同位语：children will get involved with alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs. 还有两个短语：have better chance to，get involved，在对句子结构、短语仔细分析的基础上，结合汉语的表达习惯，此句应翻译为：父母也有更好的机会来减少孩子沾染烟、酒及毒品的可能性。

/ 父母也更有可能降低子女染上吸烟、酗酒、吸毒等不良习惯的几率。

作者单位：山东省垦利一中。