英语人教版八年级下册Unit 8Section A Grammar

Unit8 have you read Treasure Island yet?
Grammar focus_The Present Perfect Tense
大庙中学英语组：张利教学目标：了解并掌握现在完成时的基本句型结构。

教学重、难点:
1.has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)的区别
2.For与since用法区别
3.短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换
教学方法：讲解法、练习法
教具准备：PPT
教学过程：
Step1.Lead-in
Winter has already come.
Will it still be far in spring? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
Step 2.Teaching New Language
一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)
二．句型：肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句： Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.
简略答语:
.(肯定) Yes,主语+ have/has.
.(否定) No,主语+ haven't/hasn't.
三、现在完成时用法
（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)
Guo Xiaoxiao has (just/already) come. (含义：郭晓晓现在在这儿)
I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱了.) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.
练习一：
1.Zhao lan __already__ in this school for two years.
A. was; studying
B. will; study
C.has; studied
D.are studying
2.Hurry up！The play __________ for ten minutes.
A. has begun
B. had begun
C. has been on
D. began
3.—Do you know him well ？
—Sure.We _________ friends since ten years ago.
A. were
B. have been
C. have become
D. have made
四．现在完成时的标志1.以already, just和yet为标志
2.以ever和never为标志
3.以动作发生的次数为标志
4.以so far（到目前为止）和before为标志
5.for+时间段和since+过去时间点（过去从句）为标志
练习二:
4、Have you met Mr Li ______
A. just
B. ago
C.before
D. a moment ago
5、—Our country ______ a lot so far.
—Yes. I hope it will be even ______.
A. has changed ；well
B. changed ；good
C. has changed ；better
D. changed ；better
6、He has _______ been to Shanghai，has he ？
A. already
B.never
C.ever
D. still
注意一：has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)
Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.
Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）
My father has been to Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.
Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）
My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.
练习三
7.—These farmers have been to the United States.
—Really ？ When _____ there ？
A. will they go
B. did they go
C. do they go
D. have they gone
8.—How long have you ____ here？
—About two months.
A. been
B. gone
C. come
D. arrived
9.Miss Green isn't in the office .
she_______ to the library.
A.has gone
B. went
C.will go
D. has been 注意二：For与since用法区别
①for+时间段
He has stayed here for five years.
②since+时间点（译为：自从……以来）
He has stayed here since 5 o’clock.
③since+时段+ago
He has stayed here since five years ago.
④since+从句（过去时）
He has stayed here since he came here.
●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）
It is five years since he came here.
6、时段+has passed +since+从句
Five years has passed since he came here.
练习四
10.It _____ ten years since he left the army.
A. is
B. has
C. will
D. was
11.Hurry up！The play __________ for ten minutes.
A. has begun
B. had begun
C. has been on
D. began
12._____has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he ____ to China？
A. How soon，comes
B. How often，got
C. How long，came
D. How far，arrived
注意三：短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换
1、直接转化
buy---have borrow----keep
catch a cold---have a cold
2、转化成be+名词
join the army----be a soldier
join the Party---be a Party member
go to school ---be a student
3、转化成be+形容词/副词
come/become----be in finish---be over
leave-----be away die----be dead
open---be open close---be closed
fall asleep -----be asleep
4、转化成be + 介词短语
go to school-----be in school
join the army----be in the army
练习五
13. His uncle ____ for more than 9 years.
A. has come here
B. has started to work
C. has lived there
D. has left the university
14.This factory opened twenty years ago.（同义句转换）
This factory ______ ________ ________ for twenty years.
15.Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同义句转换）
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
中考链接：
1.（2016湖北荆门，30）—Are you going towatch “Running Man”
tonight?
__ No! I____ it with my parents only once.I don’t think it’s exciting.
A. see
B. have seen
C. will see
D. am seeing
2.(2016 上海，39） This medicine____ millions of people’s
lives since it was put into use.
A.is saving
B. will save
C. has saved
D. had saved
3.(2016合肥高新区二模，43）—Don’t worry ! Your backpack
alreadly _____ and now you can take it and enjoy shopping with your classmates.
___Thanks Mom.
A.will clean
B.has cleaned
C.will be cleaned
D.has been cleaned
Homework:
1.Review The Present Perfect Tense.
2.Finish the exercises.
3.Preview the new lesson.。