12习语翻译总结
lecture 12习语翻译
汉语“四字格”成语中的“并列结构”相当多， 汉语“四字格”成语中的“并列结构”相当多， 英语中也有一些类似的表达方法，例如： 英语中也有一些类似的表达方法，例如： 安然无恙: 安然无恙: safe and sound 号啕大哭: 号啕大哭: wail and weep 全心全意: 全心全意: heart and soul 勤勤恳恳: 勤勤恳恳: toil and moil 这说明英语成语中“并列结构” 这说明英语成语中“并列结构”的“同义反复” 同义反复” 主要是由于强调意思的需要； 主要是由于强调意思的需要；而汉语四字格成语 并列结构” 同义反复” 中“并列结构”的“同义反复”主要是构词形式 的需要。 的需要。
Some prefer turnips and others pears. 萝卜白菜，各有所爱。 萝卜白菜，各有所爱。 比译为“有人喜欢萝卜 有人喜欢梨”更能为中 有人喜欢萝卜， （比译为 有人喜欢萝卜， 有人喜欢梨 更能为中 国读者所理解和接受。 国读者所理解和接受。 ） as lean as a rail 骨瘦如柴 直译为“瘦得像个横杆 瘦得像个横杆”， （如 直译为 瘦得像个横杆 ，则不符合中国人习 惯。） clean hand 两袖清风 He cries wine and sells vinegar. 挂羊头，卖狗肉。 挂羊头，卖狗肉。 as pale (or white) as ashes( or sheet or death) 面如土色
三、翻译习语应注意的几个问题 A. 准确理解习语，切毋望文生义，弄 准确理解习语，切毋望文生义， 出笑话来。 出笑话来。例如下面几例就是因为理解错 所以译文不对： 了，所以译文不对： （1）John likes to pat himself on the back. 约翰喜欢捶自己的背。（正确译法：约翰 约翰喜欢捶自己的背。（正确译法： 。（正确译法 喜欢自吹。） 喜欢自吹。） （3）He kissed the hare's foot. 他吻了兔子的脚。（正确译法： 。（正确译法 他吻了兔子的脚。（正确译法：他迟到 了。）
12动物文化翻译
英汉寓意不同的动物
• 不同的动物表示相同或相似的寓意 虎 lion 牛 horse • 相同的动物表示不同或者相反的寓意 猫 cat 狗 dog • 其它 熊 bear
动物不同 ，内涵相同
Association Chinese
内涵
animal
Hardworkin ox/牛 g/努力
Love /爱
英汉寓意相似的动物一：狐狸
• 狐狸(fox)在中国人眼中是一种奸诈、狡猾、多 疑的动物。指人狡猾多用“狐狸”。这与fox在 英语中的意义是相符的。 Fox指的是“a crafty sly or clever person”(狡猾而聪明的人)。 由之产 生 的 形 容 词 foxy 的 意 思 是 “crafty”( 狡 猾 的 ) 或 “crafty-looking”(样子狡猾的)。如: “Don’t trust that man, he’s a sly old fox.” (别信那人,他 是一 只狡猾的老狐狸)
导入４
• 用动物指代相似的事物：crane (鹤, 起重机) , tin fish (鱼 雷) , snake fence (蛇型栅栏) , a great bull of man (在个头、 力量上和公牛一样的人) 等。
• 用动物某个有其外形特点的部位来指某种事物, 如 hawk-nosed (长着鹰勾鼻的) , horse-faced ( 脸长而难看 的) , hare-lip (兔唇) , bull’s eye (靶心) , swallow-tailed coat ( 燕尾服) , dog-ear ( 书页的折角) , tiger eye (虎眼石, 宝石的一种)
英汉寓意相似的动物四：驴
• 驴(ass),在汉语里是一种较愚蠢的动物,我们常 说“蠢驴”、“驴脑袋”。
习语中英文解释
1.works one’s fingers to the bone 拼命干活to work very hard2.burn the midnight oil开夜车to work or study very late in the night3.fall down on the job 没有把工作做好to fail to do well4.hit the books 用功to study your school assignment, prepare for classes5.do back-breaking work 干苦力活，艰苦to do very difficult physical work6.work like a dog 勤奋工作，拼命工作to work hard and seriously7.have a green thumb有天赋(园艺方面)a person who is good at gardening and whose plantsgrow very well8.be a breeze 易做之事refers to something that is easy to do9.have two left feet对某事不在行a person who dances badly10.have a golden touch 点石成金, 很会赚钱refers to someone who has ability to make a greatdeal of money in every enterprise they try11.have a nose for 探查、发现某物to have an ability to detect or find sth.12.be easy as pie 极容易to be very easy or easily13.down to earth 现实的to be sensible and practical in a way that is helpful and friendly14.put on airs 装腔作势，自以为了不起to behave in an unnatural or affected way in order toimpress sb.15.be showing off 炫耀to try to impress others with one’s ability, wealth, intelligence, etc16.think one is God’s gift to mankind 上帝恩赐的人（事物）（给大家、企业等）to think sb/sththat seems specially created to be useful to or enjoyed by a group of people, an industry, etc 17.put someone in someone’s place 给某人下马威, 对无礼的或自夸的加以羞辱to humiliatesb who has been impertinent or boastful18.blow one’s own horn 自吹自擂to boast or praise one’s abilities and achievements19.hold his tongue 住嘴、保持沉默、不开口refers to do not say anything even though sb mightwant to or expected to, because it is wrong time to say it20.see eye to eye 完全同意to agree with somebody21.mind one’s own business 管自己的事，别管闲事not to interfere in other people’s affairs22.rock the boat 扰乱事情顺利进行，做某事从而使局面等失去平衡to do sth that upsets thebalance of a situation, etc.23.bury the hatchet 和解、停战、议和to stop being unfriendly and become friends again24.flow with the tide 随波逐流、不坚持自己to conform to accepted behaviors, opinions, etc; bycarried along by the course of events25.button her lips 保密、住嘴、不说话to be silent26.let sleeping dogs lie 不要惹事生非to do not try to change a situation that could become aproblem if sb interfered27.to leave someone high and dry 是某人陷入困境to make someone be in a difficult situationwithout any help or any things that he/she needs28.face up to sth 对付、承担、勇敢正视to accept and deal with sth unpleasant or demandinghonestly and bravely29.pass the buck推卸责任to make sb. else responsible for sth. that one should deal with30.shoulder the responsibility 承担责任to take responsibility upon oneself31.worm out of 逃脱义务、逃开做某事to avoid doing something that one has been asked to doby making an excuse that is dishonest but clever32.point one’s finger at sb 公开指责、责怪to accuse sb openly33.find middle ground 找到折中的办法to find things which do not belong to either of twogroups, ideas, or plans but have elements of each, often in a less extreme form.34.all or nothing指行动过程需竭尽全力of a course of action requiring all one’s efforts35.meet people halfway 妥协、迁就、迎合某人to make a compromise with sb.36.stick to one’s guns 坚持自己的观点和立场to refuse to change one’s mind about something,even though other people are trying to persuade him/her that he/she is wrong37.middle-of-the-road 中间路线、中立政策（of people, policies, etc) moderate38.give-and-take 互相迁就、交换意见、扯平利益与损失to help other people and do things forthem as well as expecting them to do things for you39.give up 放弃、停止、辞去to abandon an attempt to do sth40.go through with 完成（工作、计划）、实现、贯彻（诺言等）to do sth you had promisedor planned to do, even though it causes problems or you are no longer sure you want to do it 41.hang in there 坚持下去to keep trying to do sth and not give up even though it might bedifficult42.sweat …out 在不愉快的条件下坚持、焦急或紧张地等待某事发生to waituncomfortably for sth to happen or end43.stick with 坚持做某事to continue doing something the way you did or planned to do before44.be on one’s own 独自居住to be alone45.be a copycat 一味模仿他人的人to be a person who always imitate others46.lead sb by the nose 完全控制某人、使某人完全听命于自己to make sb do everythingone wishes, control sb completely47.cut the apron strings 脱离(母亲、妻子等)影响与控制to get rid of the control of (usu. themother) over an adult child48.be a yes-man 唯唯诺诺的人someone who always agrees with and obeys their employer,leader etc in order to gain some advantage49.have a mind of one’s own 性格果断；自有主张to be capable of forming opinions,making decisions, etc independently50.stand on one’s own two feet 自立、不依靠他人be independent and able to take care ofoneself51.be as tough as nails 非常严肃、从容to be very tough and not easily frightened or notcaring about the effects of your actions on other people52.go to pieces （人）（精神、身体）崩溃、失去自制力(of a person) have a breakdown; losecontrol of oneself53.keep one’s chin up 勇敢、坚决、不气馁、保持乐观to remain cheerful in difficultcircumstances54.hold one’s head up 昂首挺胸、不再垂头丧气to behave proudly; maintain one's dignity55.be cool as a cucumber (在困难情况下)从容不迫、泰然自若to be very calm andcontrolled, esp. in difficult circumstances56.fall apart 散开、失败、垮台、关系破裂to break; fall to pieces; disintegrate57.pull oneself together 恢复镇静、控制自己to force oneself to stop behaving in a nervousfrightened or uncontrolled way58.reach the boiling point 极度兴奋to be very emotive59.blow up 夸大某事、吹捧某人to exaggerate or inflate sth60.grit one’s teeth 咬紧牙关to bite one’s teeth together, esp. when one is in pain, angry, or underpressure61.hold one’s temper 耐住性子；不使脾气发作to succeed in controlling one’s anger62.be hotheaded 性格急躁、易冲动be rash; impulsive63.count to ten 从一数到十（一边有时间镇定自己或控制情绪）to deal with someone’semotions in order to try to stay in calm; to calm down64.icy stare 冷漠的凝视very cold and unfriendly stare65.give someone the cold shoulder 故意冷漠某人to deliberately ignore someone or beunfriendly to them, esp. because they have upset or offended you66.be cool toward someone 冷漠地to be not showing enthusiasm, friendliness toward someone67.welcome someone with open arms 热情地欢迎某人welcome with great affection andenthusiasm68.turn one’s nose up … at 蔑视to refuse to accept sth. /sb. because you don’t think it is /theyare good enough for you69.turn one’s back on someone对某人或组织置之不理；拒绝予以帮助to avoid or reject sb/sth70.be a loner 不合群者to be a person who avoids the company of others71.two heads are better than one 两人智慧胜一人two people working together achievemore than one person working alone72.brainstorm 突然精神错乱、灵机一动、心血来潮moment of confusion or forgetfulness;sudden mental aberration73.go it alone 单独行动、单干to attempt to carry out a task or start a difficult project withouthelp from others74.put heads together 交流思想、交换意见to discuss a difficult problem together75.join forces 与…合作come together in order to achieve a common aim76.pool one’s resources 共同向基金提供资源to combine your money, ideas, skills etc withthose of other people so that you can all use them77.lend … a hand 帮助to give sb help with sth78.be hard-hearted 无同情心、无情、冷酷be lacking in feeling or sympathy, unkind79.go to bat for 为别人抱不平，为别人出头to support or help someone80.have a heart 心地好的to be sympathetic or kind; show mercy81.have a heart of gold 心地善良、慷慨大方used to refer to a person who has a very kindcharacter82.have a heart of stone 铁石心肠、冷酷to have a pitiless and unfeeling nature83.be tight fisted 小气的、吝啬的to be not generous with money84.be warm-hearted 热情的、亲切的to be kind and sympathetic85.be on cloud nine 极其快乐to be very happy about sth.86.be down in the dumps沮丧、垂头丧气to be very sad and without much interest in life87.be in seventh heaven 极乐；欢天喜地to be in state of great happiness88.be out of sorts 脾气坏的；身体不适的to be in bad temper; be feeling unwell89.be tickled pink 高兴的要命to be very pleased or amused90.feel blue 忧郁、情绪低落to feel sad and depressed91.walk on air 得意洋洋、兴高采烈to feel extremely happy about sth92.be on top of the world 非常愉快自豪（尤指获得成功或好运）to be very happy or proud, esp.because of success or good fortune93.be right on target 正好达到目标to be right to make good progress and are likely to achievethe result that is wanted94.beat around the bush 旁敲侧击, 拐弯抹角地说to talk about sth without coming to themain point95.miss the mark 未达到原定目标not to achieve sth. you were trying to do96.be off base 错误to be completely wrong97.get to the heart of 了解了最重要的事to better understand the most important thing aboutwords and their stories98.hit the nail on the head 一针见血、猜中to express the truth precisely, guess correctly99.be an old hand at 有某种技巧或经验, 老手Used to describe someone who has done aparticular job or activity for a long time and who can do it very well100.know …like the back of one’s hand 对…了如指掌to be thoroughly familiar with a place, subject, etc101.know the ropes 熟悉…内情；很在行to know the all the things someone needs to know to do a job or deal with a system102.be not born yesterday 并非无知；又不是三岁小孩be not foolish or likely to be deceived because of lack of experience103.be … green 未成熟的；无经验的to be young and lacking experience; naive104.live-and-learn 活到老学到老；不经一事; 不长一智knowledge has no limit.; knowledge is infinite.; learning is an endless process.; never too old to learn105.be two-faced 伪君子；两面的；有二心的to be deceitful or insincere106.tell it like it is 说实话；如实反映情况to tell the truth107.talk behind someone’s back 在别人背后说坏话to talk without sb’s knowledge or consent 108.bare one’s soul 说心里话to reveal one’s most secret feelings109.look someone in the eye 勇敢地面对，大胆滴正视（某人、危险、对手等）to look directly at someone when speak to them, esp. to show that you are not afraid of them, or that you’re telling the truthy one’s cards on the table 摊牌；把意图公开111.to be honest and open about one’s resources and intensions112.eyes are bigger than one’s stomach 眼馋肚子饱used to describe someone is too greedy in asking for or taking more food than he can eat113.lose one’s head 失去控制、惊慌失措to become unable to behave calmly or sensibly 114.bite off more than someone could chew 自不量力，做力所不能及的事情to attempt to do too much or sth that is too demanding115.eat like a horse 贪婪地吃、狼吞虎咽eat a lot116.burn oneself out 精疲力竭to work so hard over a period of time that one becomes unable to continue working because one is tired, ill or unable to think of any new idea117.spread oneself too thin 企图同时做很多事情而分散精力；贪多嚼部烂to try to do too many things at same time so that one can not do any of them effectively118.take it easy 放松；从容自在to relax, not work too hard or do much。
习语翻译
4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start.
5.不眠之夜 white night
6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses
7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one's best
39.破釜沉舟 cut off all means of retreat；burn one‘s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end
40.抢得先机 take the preemptive opportunities
26.老生常谈陈词滥调 cut and dried, cliché
27.礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity.
28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope.
29.马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success
22.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home.
23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth
24.脚踩两只船 sit on the fence
25.君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green
11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all
习语等解释性翻译
中英习语解释性翻译或形象具体互译一、以《浮生六记》为例1.一灯如豆…The light of a rapeseed oil lamp was then burning as small as a pea.2. 但李诗宛如姑射仙子，有一种落花流水之趣，令人可爱。
…but Li Po’s poems have the wayward charm of a nymph. His lines come naturally like dropping petals and flowing waters, and are so much lovelier for their spontaneity.3. 兼之玉碎香埋，不堪回首矣。
… and the woman I loved is dead, like broken jade and buried incense. How sad indeed to look back upon these things.4. 芸初缄默，喜听余议论。
余调其言，如蟋蟀之用纤草，渐能发议。
Yun was at first very quiet and loved to hear me talk, but I gradually taught her the art of conversation as one leads a cricket with a blade of grass. She then learned the art of conversation.5.……有女名憨园。
亭亭玉立，真一泓秋水照人寒。
She had a girl by the name of Hanyuan, who was a very sweet young maiden, still in her teens. Her eyes looked“like an autumn lake that cooled one by its cold splendor”.【2】二、Double-way: literal translation; borrowing; paraphrase1.过街老鼠（直译）like a rat crossing the street(意译) the object of universal condemnation; a bad man hated by everybody2.门庭若市(直译) the courtyard is like a market.（意译）a much visited house; a busy town; bustling; crowded3.望梅止渴（直译）to gaze at plums to quench one’s thirst（意译）to console oneself with false hopes; to feed on fancies (illusion); imagined satisfaction; a Barmecide （《一千零一夜》中一个口惠而实不至的人物）feast.4.危如累卵（直译）as dangerous as a pile of eggs（意译）hazardous in the extreme; great insecurity; in a precarious condition; at stake, at risk; at hazard; in peril; in danger; perilous; risky; critical...5.山雨欲来风满楼（直译）The wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains.（意译）A turbulent situation foretells a big event; Coming events cast their shadows before.6.树倒猢狲散（直译）When the tree falls, the monkeys scatter.（意译）Members run away when the family (constitution) falls; when an influential person fallsfrom power, his hangers-on disperse; Rats leave a sinking ship.7. 三个臭皮匠顶得上诸葛亮（直译）Three cobbers with their wits combined equal ZhuGeliang the master mind.(意译) eamwork; Brainstorming; Many hands make light work.; Two heads are better than one. (拙译) wits combined are wits of great mind; Wits combined are wits that satisfy;8. 螳螂捕蝉,黄雀在后（直译）The mantis stalks the cicada but behind them lurks the oriole (金莺；黄莺儿).(意译) Be careful about the hidden/implicit\potential risks; hazards;9. 比上不足，比下有余（直译）worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst; better off than the worst and worse off than the best;（意译）fairly well-off; fairly contented life;10. 不以物喜，不以己悲（直译）not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personal losses;（意译）take one’s personal gains lightly; to be philosophical about; be open-minded;11. 金无足赤,人无完人(直译) Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect;（意译）Human beings are human beings三、形象—具体1. 哭得泪人似的A.The child was in floods of tears.B.Be drenched in tearsC.He became a wretch of tearsD.While Mother was feeling so wrought, the slightest cross word or ill-judgedremark could reduce her to tears.当母亲感到过分劳累紧张时，哪怕是听到一点点令人生气的话或不妥之词，都会使她伤心得落下泪来。
习语翻译汇总
翻译练习一(答案)1. a man of letters作家18. arbitration agency 仲裁机构6. an insect-free world无昆虫的世界8. appreciation dinner 答谢宴会21. automobile components 汽车零部件22 academic exchanges学术交流26. appreciation of RMB人民币升值2) All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的并非都是金子19) As poor as the church mouse.一贫如洗25) As timid as a hare胆小如鼠38) A cat on hot bricks热锅上的蚂蚁39) A lion in the way拦路虎40) A black sheep害群之马41) A drowned cat落汤鸡42) A fall in the pit, a gain in your wit 吃一堑，长一智9. birth defect先天性生理缺陷7. common ground共同点14. debt chain三角债13. green belt 绿化带2. the gold rush淘金热4. sustainable development可持续发展5. science fiction科幻小说27. self-sufficiency through self-reliance通过自力更生实现自给自足10. member state会员11. maternity hospital 妇产医院3. national census全国人口普查12. over-the-counter medicine非处方药15. popular science科普16. foreign exchange dealings 外汇交易17. financial deficit 财政赤字23. floods and droughts旱涝两害19. regional autonomy 区域自治25. income tax 个人所得税28. investment in cash and in kind以现金和实物进行投资29. weapons of mass destruction大规模杀伤性武器24. World Cultural Heritage 世界文化遗产20. waste disposal废料处理、排污30. undermanned人员不足1) When Greek meets Greek, and then comes the tug of war. 两强相遇，其斗必烈.3) Constant dropping wears the stone. 水滴石穿4) Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳5) be on the Greek callends遥遥无期6) to sit on pins and needles如坐针毡7) to strike while the iron is hot趁热打铁8) Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧9) Still waters run deep大智若愚10) To fish in troubled waters浑水摸鱼11) Trojan horse 特洛伊木马木马计；奸细12) The Heel of Achilles 直译:阿基里斯的脚踵，意译：致命弱点；薄弱环节13) Cut the Gordian Knot直译:斩断戈耳迪之结，意译：快刀斩乱麻14) The Salt of the Earth直译：世上的盐，意译：社会精英；优秀份子15) Misfortunes never come alone祸不单行16) Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同18) Every family has one skeleton in the cupboard. 家丑不可外扬20) Gild the lily. 画蛇添足21) Drink like a fish 豪饮、牛饮22) Cast pearls before swine对牛弹琴23) Kill the goose that lays the golden egg杀鸡取卵24) Let sleeping dogs lie.不要打草惊蛇26) To carry coal to Newcastle 将煤运往纽卡斯尔（英国产煤中心）----多此一举27) Homer sometimes nods 荷马有时也打瞌睡——智者千虑，必有一失28) T he last straw on the camel’s back骆驼背上的最后一根稻草-----最后一击29) The leopard can’t change its spots. 江山易改,本性难移30) Speak of angels and you will hear their wings. 说到曹操,曹操就到31) A bull in a china shop莽撞闯祸的人32) He cries wine and sells vinegar. 挂羊头，卖狗肉33) Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 宁为鸡头，勿为牛尾34) He robs Peter to pay Paul.拆东墙，补西墙35) Every Jack has his Jill.人各有偶36) White lies善意的谎言37) cry wolf虚张声势（狼来了）43) Meet o ne’s Waterloo 一败涂地44) The apple of one’s eye.掌上明珠45) Pandora’s box潘多拉的盒子, 灾祸的根源46) Man proposes, God disposes. 谋事在人,成事在天47) Look before you leap. 三思而后行48) To spring up like mushroom雨后春笋49) Better die with honor than live with shame宁可玉碎，不为瓦全50) take a French leave不告而别。
习语的翻译[1]
![习语的翻译[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/47baa22d4b73f242336c5fc9.png)
§21 习语的翻译这里讲的习语（idioms）是广义的，它包括俗语（colloquialisms），谚语（proverbs），俚语（slang expressions）等。
在汉语中成语（idioms）和俗语（熟语）、谚语及俚语也是不同范畴。
在汉语中，成语是在长期流传使用当中固定下来的现成话，用固定词组的形式表现出来。
它具有明显的习用性和固定性（汉语多为四字结构）。
俗语也是语言里的特有词组，它们在用法上是整体的，在意义上是单一的。
它们的意义往往不能从字面上来解释。
如“磨洋工”（拖延时间），“碰钉子”（遭到拒绝）等等。
这些俗语多来自口语。
谚语是流传在人民口头上的反映集体智慧的现成句子。
现在也把这些统称为习语了。
英汉两种习语都具有简洁有力和比喻形象的特点。
所以翻译时要忠实地表达原意，尽量传达原文的生动形象，并保持原文的民族特色和节奏感。
一、习语的英译汉：一）直译：习语的直译也称直接复制。
汉语中的习语虽然很丰富，但翻译时常常找不到相对应的习语。
这时可以考虑把原文的习语直接译过来。
采用这种方法能保持原文的形象和比喻等。
但应该估计到复制出来的形象及其所表达的含义必须为读者所理解；语言也必须合乎译文的语言规范。
例1：Revolutions are the locomotives of history.译文：革命是历史的火车头。
例2：The enemy scurried away with tail between its legs.译文：敌人急急忙忙地夹着尾巴逃跑了。
例3：the cold war译文：冷战例4：a gentleman’s agreement译文：君子协定下面是一些从英语成语直译成汉语成语的例子，这些译文已经成了汉语习语的一部分：new wine in old bottles（旧瓶装新酒）look through coloured spectacles（带有色眼镜看）golden age（黄金时代）maiden work（处女作）virgin soil（处女地）fellow traveler（同路人）brain trust（智囊团）break the record（打破纪录）to be led by the nose（被牵着鼻子走）have a brush with（和某人发生摩擦）show one’s cards（摊牌）not to see the wood for the trees（见树不见林）tower of ivory（象牙之塔）a cultural exchange（文化交流）open secret（公开的秘密）life line（生命线）brain washing（洗脑）blue print（兰图）die-hard（死硬派）political arena（政治舞台）political capital（政治资本）second hand（第二手的）brain drain（人才外流）packed like sardines（挤得象罐头沙丁鱼）go into the red（出现赤字）happy birthday（生日快乐）但是，有些带有浓厚民族色彩、地方色彩或具有典故性的原文习语，往往在翻译时要加注，才能交待清楚原意，这就是直译时要加注，才能交待清楚原意，这就是直译加注法。
习语的翻译
直译
• • • • • • • • • • 浑水摸鱼 to fish in troubled water 火上浇油 to add fuel to the flame 空中楼阁 castles in the air 沧海一粟 a drop in the ocean 倾国倾城 to overthrow cities and kingdoms
忌望文生义
• dog-eat-dog 1.This is an imperialist dog-eat-dog type of war. 2. Capitalism has carried over and greatly intensified this feudalistic dog-eat-dog element in social relationship. 3. In some early frontier towns it was dog-eat-dog.
终日不成章，泣涕零如雨。
She stops and drops the shuttle time and again, Shedding tears like pouring rain.
河汉清且浅，相去复几许。
Clear and shallow is the Milky Way, That keeps them miles and miles away.
意译
• 有口皆碑 • to win universal praise/ to be universally acclaimed • 各人自扫门前雪，休管他人瓦上霜 • Leave other’s business alone. • 忠言逆耳，良药苦口。 • Honest opinions go against your ears while the good medicine taste bitter.
习语翻译大全
习语翻译大全A· A chain is no stronger than its weakest link. 一着不慎,满盘皆输.· All is not gold that glitters. 闪光的未必都是金子。
· A child is better unborn than untaught. 养不教，父之过。
· Art is long, life is short. 生命短暂，艺术长存。
· A friend is best found in adversity. 患难见真情。
· Although the sun shine, leave not your cloak at home. 未雨绸缪。
· A light heart live long. 心情开朗寿命长。
不恼不愁，活到白头。
· An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 日吃苹果一只，身体健康不求医。
· All covet, all lose. 样样垂涎，样样失落。
贪多嚼不烂。
· A good winter brings a good summer. 瑞雪兆丰年。
· All rivers run into the sea. 殊途同归。
· A small leak will sink a great ship. 千里之堤溃于蚁穴。
· All time is no time when it is past. 机不可失，时不再来。
· A baker's wife may bite of a bun, a br ewer's wife may bite of a tun.近水楼台先得月。
· A short cut is often a wrong cut.欲速则不达。
习语翻译
今回はここで終わり！ みなさん、頑張ってね！
青天の霹靂 支離滅裂 薄利多売
良药苦口
良薬は口に苦し
归心似箭
喜出望外 势如破竹 家常便饭 入乡随俗
帰心矢の如し
望外の喜び 破竹の勢い
远亲不如近邻
遠い親類より近い他人
有其父必有其子 日常茶飯事 郷に入っては郷に従え この親にしてこの子あり
3.形异意等的熟语
人に迷惑をかけても澄ました顔をしている
现在我们的古典文学研究中为了某一
古人的一件无甚意义的琐事，花费大 量的精力、时间去考证，甚至进行无
休止的争论，实在是小题大做。
現在、私たちの古典文学研究において
は、古人の意味もない些細なことのため に多くのエネルギーと時間を費やして考
証し、そのあげく際限のない論争をする
天壤之别：天地の差、月とすっぽん、雲泥の差
五十步笑百步：五十歩百歩の違い、五十歩百歩、目 糞鼻糞を笑う、猿の尻笑い 虎视眈眈： 虎视眈眈地寻找着攻击的机会
虎視眈々と攻撃のチャンスをねらう
各家商社都虎视眈眈地寻找抢手商品
各商社は鵜(う)の目鷹(めたか)の目(め)で売れ筋商品 をさがしている
今回の試験は自分に対して自信が持てず、
失敗したら面目がないと心配だったので、事
前に騒ぐ勇気がなかったのです。それが目の
見えない猫が死んだねずみにぶつかるような
もので、思いがけず幸運にも合格したのです。
本当に不可思議です。 棚から牡丹餅 碰运气考上了 まぐれあたりで合格する／
俗话说：“人靠衣服马靠鞍”。恰到好处
ら、僕らのほうは霞を食って生きろとでも言うのか
い！？」夫婦は口論を始めた。姑はそれを聞いて火 に油を注いだように怒り、あげくの果て、家中誰もって生きると信じられた ことから〕俗世間を超越して生きる。
习语翻译大全
A· A chain is no stronger than its weakest link. 一着不慎,满盘皆输.· All is not gold that glitters. 闪光的未必都是金子。
· A child is better unborn than untaught. 养不教，父之过。
· Art is long, life is short. 生命短暂，艺术长存。
· A friend is best found in adversity. 患难见真情。
· Although the sun shine, leave not your cloak at home. 未雨绸缪。
· A light heart live long. 心情开朗寿命长。
不恼不愁，活到白头。
· An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 日吃苹果一只，身体健康不求医。
· All covet, all lose. 样样垂涎，样样失落。
贪多嚼不烂。
· A good winter brings a good summer. 瑞雪兆丰年。
· All rivers run into the sea. 殊途同归。
· A small leak will sink a great ship. 千里之堤溃于蚁穴。
· All time is no time when it is past. 机不可失，时不再来。
· A baker's wife may bite of a bun, a brewer's wife may bite of a tun.近水楼台先得月。
· A short cut is often a wrong cut.欲速则不达。
习语翻译——精选推荐
习语翻译Translating/Interpreting Idioms 习语翻译1．Idiom for Idiom(以习语译习语)。
请找出下列习语相应的英/汉习语：（1）⽔滴⽯穿（2）破釜沉⾈（3）隔墙有⽿（4）积少成多（5）三思⽽后⾏（6）⽆风不起浪（7）⼀箭双雕（8）⼀⾔既出，驷马难追（9）种⽠得⽠，种⾖得⾖（10）谋事在⼈，成事在天（11）The burnt child dreads the fire.（12）Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.（13）Where there is a will, there is a way.（14）Strike while the iron is hot.（15）To fish in the air（16）Don’t wash your dirty linen in public.（17）To kill the goose that lays golden eggs（18）All good things must come to an end.（19） A fall to the pit, a gain in your wit. （20）Hungry dogs will eat dirty puddings. There is no smoke without fire.Walls have ears.As you sow, so will you reap.Look before you leap.Man proposes, god disposes.To burn one’s boatsWhat is said cannot be unsaid.Many a little makes a mickle.Constant dripping wears the stone.To kill two birds with one stone.吃⼀堑，长⼀智。
习语的翻译
• 习语，即习惯用语，世界上凡是历史比较悠久的语言都 包含有大量的习语，它是语言中经过长期使用而提炼出 来的固定的词组、短语或短句。
• 习语中蕴含着丰富的文化信息，包含着大量的文化特征 和文化背景，具有鲜明的形象和比喻，带有鲜明的民族 特色和地域色彩。
Introduction
• 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕草绳。 • 水深不响， 水响不深。 • 有钱能使鬼推磨。 • 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
rueful: ['ru:fəl]悲伤的, 怜悯的, 悔恨的
C.英汉习语形似义异
• When a dog is drowning every one offers him drink. • Ignorance of the law is no excuse of breaking it. • Strike while the iron is hot. • Lock the stable-door after the horse is stolen.
the waters 2. keep the wolf from the 2. 免于饥饿，勉强度日
door
3. 令人恐惧
3. make one’s blood
freeze
4. 头脑有点古怪,异想天开
4. have bats in the belfry
5.
['belfri]钟楼, 钟塔
see the sun
▪ to shed crocodile tears ▪ 流鳄鱼眼泪──假慈悲
▪ People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas kiss. ▪ 人们认为他在那种场合所表演的不过是犹大之吻 ──居心险恶。
L21习语翻译
3. 英语习语常常以缩略形式出现，如to cry over split milk，译者应当尽可能熟悉这样的简化。 4. 有时候，英语原文虽然没有用习语，但在一定 上下文中，在忠实于内容和总的风格的前提下， 可以把英语原文中的非习语译为汉语习语，如： I was nervous before crowds. 我在大庭广众之前感到紧张。 Dulles greeted me with a bemused look. 杜勒斯欢迎我时/和我打招呼时，脸上是呆若木 鸡的表情。 总之，英语非习语译为汉语习语，不应违背忠实、 通顺的翻译标准，而要有助于更好地达到这个 标准。（P165）
辨析
They refused to call off the attack. 他们不愿就此结束这场进攻。 他们不愿就此偃旗息鼓。 Nixon was pleased by the distinction, but not overwhelmed. 尼克松对这种破格的礼遇感到高兴，但也没有 过分高兴。 尼克松对这种破格的礼遇感到高兴，但不至于 喜出望外。
2. 有助于译文通顺流畅，雅俗交融 Albert’s thoughts whirled, and he was thrilled and excited. 阿尔伯特思潮起伏，心情激动。 3. 有助译文生动活泼，形象鲜明 Love is a climate—a climate of the heart. 爱的情感是一种气氛——一种心心相印的气氛。
套用汉语习语 1.双方有完全相同的形象比喻： To praise to the skies捧上天去 To be on thin ice如履薄冰 2.双方有大体相同的形象比喻： To laugh off one’s head笑掉牙齿 To spend money like water挥金如土
汉译英--习语翻译
自食其果 eat the bitter fruit of one's own making
坏蛋
bad egg
人善被人欺，马善被人骑 All lay load on the willing horse.
赴汤蹈火 go through fire and water
把黑的说成白的 swear black is white (颠倒黑白，不择手段)
➢ If you run after two hares you will catch neither. →To run after two hares.
➢ It's no good crying for spilt milk. →To cry over spilt milk. / The milk is spilt. / spilt milk
➢ call a spade a spade
➢ as sure as eggs is eggs
➢ Diamond cut diamond.
➢ They that know nothing fear nothing. ➢ Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. ➢ 利用对仗：只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯；路遥知马力，日久见人心；狼吞虎咽；
Features of Idioms
➢ 6、由于各民族的文化和思维有着巨大的“共核”(common core)，英汉习语有 时有惊人的相似之处。 ➢ 喻义相同，结构相同： 了如指掌 To know something like the palm or back of one’s hand 火上浇油 to pour oil on the flames / add fuel to the flames 滴水石穿 Constant dropping wears the stone. 浑水摸鱼 to fish in the troubled waters 自吹自擂 blow one's own trumpet 空中楼阁 castle in the air 破釜沉舟 to burn one’s boats 如履薄冰 be skating on thin ice 晴天霹雳 like a bolt from the blue 趁热打铁 to strike while the iron is hot 熟能生巧 Practice makes perfect. 时间不等人 Time and tide wait for no man. 时间就是金钱 Time is money. (耳听为虚), 眼见为实 Seeing is believing. 隔墙有耳 Walls have ears.
习语及习语的汉英翻译
On Idioms and Their Translation from Chinese into English习语及习语的汉英翻译AbstractIdioms are just like incomparably resplendent bight pearls emitting dazzling rays in the palace of literature. Throughout the ages, they animate the works of countless men of literature and writing. Idioms have fixed patterns and abundant connotations. Their vivid images explicitly convey incisive meanings. Chinese idioms are part of the essence of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years. In this thesis, the English translation of Chinese idioms will be discussed on the foundation of simply introducing the definitions, origins, features, and classifications of idioms, and a series of principles and methods of idiom translation will be put forward, mainly involving the translation of the Chinese idioms which have similar and dissimilar implications in English.Key words：Chinese Idioms；Similarity；Dissimilarity摘要习语犹如文学殿堂里一颗璀璨无比的明珠放射着历久不衰的光芒，古往今来，无数文人墨客的笔下都闪耀着它的异彩。
中文习语的翻译
中文习语的翻译
Translation of Chinese Idioms
中文习语种类很多，包括谚语、惯用语以及 歇后语等。 谚语的特点是：比喻生动，寓意深刻，用词 精炼，讲究对仗和韵律，朗朗上口，如：一 瓶子水不响，半瓶子水乱晃。 惯用语是口头上常用的洗练、含蓄的语言， 比书面语更具含蓄讽刺、生动形象的比喻性， 如门外汉、风凉话、说曹操曹操就到。 歇后语是中国百姓中广为流传的一种特殊语 言形式，生动形象、诙谐幽默。一般由两部 分组成，前半截为形象的比喻，后半截是前 面比喻的解释、说明。如：哑巴吃黄连—— 有苦说不出。
歇后语直译：
他是哑巴吃黄连，有苦说不出。 He was like the dumb man eating the bitter herb: he had to suffer the bitterness of it in silence. 咱们俩的事，一条绳拴着两蚂蚱，谁也跑不 了！ We’re like two grasshoppers tied to one cord: neither can get away!
庆父不死，鲁难未已。 There will always be trouble until the trouble-maker is removed. 若直译成“Until Qing Fu is done away with, the crisis in the state of Lu will not be over.”译文读者无法搞 清文中的人名和国名。 此地无银三百两。 A guilty person gives himself away by conspicuously protesting his innocence. 若译为“No 300 taels of silver buried here.”， 读者不了解该谚语的出处，看了此译文仍然 费解。
12字解读
12字解读
Hello, let's proceed with the 12-character interpretation, followed by its Chinese translation.
你好，接下来我们进行12字解读，并附上相应的中文翻译。
Wisdom, Courage, Perseverance.
智慧、勇气、坚持。
These three qualities are essential for success in life.
这三个品质是人生中成功的关键。
They guide us through challenges, helping us grow and achieve our goals.
它们引导我们面对挑战，帮助我们成长并实现目标。
Wisdom gives us the ability to make wise decisions.
智慧赋予我们做出明智决策的能力。
Courage empowers us to face our fears and take risks.
勇气使我们能够面对恐惧并敢于冒险。
Perseverance ensures that we don't give up easily, no matter how tough the journey may be.
坚持确保我们不会轻易放弃，无论旅程多么艰难。
Together, these qualities form a powerful foundation for a successful and fulfilling life.
这些品质共同构成了成功和充实生活的强大基石。
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ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ idioms成语
言简意赅，生动形象，比一般词语有着更强的 表现力。汉语成语机构稳定，绝大部分以四字 格式出现，约占百分之九十七。
汉语成语英译
• 成语作为短语或词组在句中可担任一定成分，如主语 、谓语（包括能愿合成谓语、判断合成谓语、兼语句 谓语、连动句谓语等）、宾语（包括介词宾语）、定 语、状语、补语和独立成分等，还可以分句的形式存 在。
• 从结构上看，成语可分为联合式、动宾式、主谓式、
偏正式、连动式、兼语式、紧缩式等，如山盟海誓（ 联合式）、为所欲为（动宾式）、盛气凌人（主谓式 ）、泰然自若（偏正式）、投笔从戎（连动式）、引 狼入室（兼语式）和脍炙人口（紧缩式）（倪宝元，
1984）。
• 中思维方式：形象思维， 直观， 语言具体生动 • 笨鸟先飞， 敝帚自珍，遍体鳞伤，滴水不漏， 凤刀霜
意义对等
竭泽而渔 To drain a pond to catch all the fish Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs
打草惊蛇 To stir up the grass and alert the snake Wake a sleeping dog
剑，见风使舵，顺水推舟，芒刺在背，趋之若鹜
• 重视历史， 看重对前人思想和文化的代代传承，有大 量的历史典故和民间传说
• 司空见惯，问鼎中原，单刀赴会，塞翁失马，伯乐相 马，邯郸学步，沉鱼落雁，一枕黄粱， 此地无银三百 两，不为五斗米折腰， 成也萧何，败也萧何。
• 以和谐，对称为美，结构对等，音韵协调 • 春花秋月，山明水秀，龙腾虎跃，欢天喜地，丰衣足
• 习惯用语通常包括 • 成语（idioms） • 短语（set phrases） • 谚语（proverbs） • 格言（sayings） • 俗语（colloquialisms） • 警句（epigrams） • 名言录(quotations) • 典故（allusions） • 俚语（slang） • 歇后语（two-part sayings）等
Lecture Eleven Technique & Skills of C-E Translation (6)
Translation of cultural allusions, proverbs and idioms
“知人知面不知心”
• “You can know a man’s face but not his heart.”杨宪益
直译
字面翻译也能使读者得到正确无误的形象意义
声东击西 To shout in the east and strike in the west
刻骨铭心 To be engraved on one’s heart and bones
意译
眉飞色舞 his eyebrows are flying and his countenance is dancing to beam with joy 粗枝大叶 With big branches and large leaves To be crude and careless 无孔不入 To get into every hole To take advantage of every weakness
• “Appearances certainly are deceptive!” Howks霍克斯
• 水中捞月 • to catch the moon in the water /to
make an impractical attempt • fish in the air; • cry for the moon; • plough the sands; • a wild goose chase
黛玉道：“跌了灯值钱呢，还是跌了人值钱？你又穿不惯木 屐子。那灯笼叫他们前头点着；这个又轻巧又亮，原是雨里 自己拿着的。你自己手里拿着这个，岂不好？明儿再送 来。——就失了手也有限的，怎么忽然又变出这‘剖腹藏珠’ 的脾气来！”（曹雪芹：《红楼梦》，第四十五回）
“Which is more valuable, lamp or man? You’re not used to wearing patterns, so get them to carry the horn lantern in front and take this one yourself, since it’s handy and bright and meant to be used in the rain. Wouldn’t that be better? You can sent it back later. And even if you drop it, it won’t matter. What’s come over you suddenly that you want to ‘cut open your stomach to hide a pearl’?” (translated by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang) Penny wise and pound foolish
食，日积月累，风风雨雨，三三两两，熙熙攘攘，双 宿双飞，云里雾里，心服口服
胸有成竹 Have a bamboo in his stomach
直译： Before an artist can draw a bamboo, he must have the image in his mind 意译：to have a well-thought-out plan before doing sth. 意义相等的英语成语：to have a card up one’s sleeve
井底之蛙 调虎离山 口蜜腹剑
纸醉金迷 开门见山 单枪匹马 大张旗鼓 海阔天空
易如反掌 玩火自焚 挥金如土
掌上明珠 对牛弹琴 守口如瓶
雪中送炭 画蛇添足
小题大做 赴汤蹈火 洗心革面 七上八下
横行霸道 大发雷霆 过河拆桥
井底之蛙 To be like a frog at the bottom of a well