英语B级语法重点动词时态

lately, recently, often, sometimes, never, once, twice , for… , since… ❖ 基本用法1. 不带时间状语的现在完成时表示说话 之前动作已经完成, 而后果和影响至今存在. ❖ I have seen the film many times. ❖ The city has taken on a new look. ❖ 2.到现在为止这一时期中发生的情况(可能是多次 动作的总和, 也可表示状态和习惯性的动作) ❖ How many pages have covered today? ❖ She has done a lot of work for us. ❖ He has been ill for a week.
❖ Light travels faster than sound.
❖ Practice mak某些表示动作起止的动词, 可用一般现在时表示一个按计 划, 规定, 安排要发生的事.如begin, be, come, go , leave, sail, start, arrive, return, end, stop, open, take off, close, fall, meet, stay, take place, happen 等
但实际是过去发生的.
❖
I was glad to get your letter.
❖
What did you say?
❖ What was the final score?
Ⅴ.现在完成时
❖ 表示动作在过去已经完成, 但对现在仍有影响. ❖ 时间状语:already, yet, before, just, ever,
❖ The machine won’t work.(机器没法开动)
❖ This play won’t act. (戏剧没法上演)
❖ ※be going to do ,be to do , will /shall do 的区别
❖ 前两者都可表示按计划, 安排做某事.be to do 还可表命令, 意愿或征求对方意见. Will/shall do则侧重临时的打算.
Ⅳ.一般过去时
❖ 一般用法:(表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内发生的动作或存 在的状态.(包括习惯性动作)
❖
时间状语:yesterday, last week, …ago, …later,
in 1980…
❖ I had supper at 6:30.
❖
I wasn’t at home last night.
❖ If she is sleeping , don’t wake her up.
❖ 3.现在进行时与always, continually,constantly, all the time等副词连用表示反复或习惯性的动作, 含有某种感情色彩, 如赞扬, 遗憾, 讨厌,不满等.
❖ He is always coming late. (不满)
❖ He has died . ❖ Ｈｅ ｈａｓ ｂｅｅｎ ｄｅａｄ ｆｏｒ ３
ｙｅａｒｓ
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别
❖ 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间内发生的动作，而现 在完成时讲的是迄今为止的这一段时间的情况，一个 影响现状的动作，无论从时间上，后果上和现在联系 起来了．
❖ Ｈａｓ Ｍａｒｙ ｃｏｍｅ？（现在是否在这里？） ❖ Ｄｉｄ Ｍａｒｙ ｃｏｍｅ？（刚才在吗？） ❖ Ｉｌｏｓｔ ｍｙ ｗａｔｃｈ．（可能找到了） ❖ Ｉ‘ｖｅ ｌｏｓｔ ｍｙ ｗａｔｃｈ（还没找着）
❖ We’ll start at six if it has stopped raining by then.
❖ 5.特殊句型:
❖ It’s the first time that… have/has done…. ❖ It has been/is + 时间段 +since ….
❖ This is the best film that I have ever seen.
将来完成进行时 will/shall have been doing
过去将来完成进 行时 would/should have been doing
Ⅰ.一般现在时
❖ 基本用法： 一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作, 存在的状态或习惯性的动作.
❖ 时间状语: usually, often, sometimes, every morning, always, regularly ,now and then ,occasionally, seldom, on Sundays, at present ,nowadays, these days, at the moment
❖ Eg. Tomorrow is Monday.
❖
When does the plane take off?
❖ 2.在时间状语从句, 条件状语从句或让步状语从句中, 用 一般现在时代替一般将来时
❖ If it rains tomorrow, we’ll put off the sports meeting.
❖ 一般用法:1.将来的动作或状态
❖ I shall go shopping this afternoon./ He will be back in a week.
❖ 2.将来经常发生的动作 ❖ In a few years’ time, most people will
go to work by car
动词时态专项复习
一般现在时 现在进行时 be(is,am,ar be (is, am e) do/does are) doing
现在完成时 现在完成进行时 have/has done have/has been
doing
一般过去时 was/were did
过去进行时 was/were doing
过去完成时 had done
❖ 3.表示一直持续到现在的状态
❖ The conference has lasted five days.
❖ 4.在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语 从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作
❖ When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.
Ⅵ．过去进行时
❖ 表示过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作 ❖ 时间状语：ｔｈｉｓ ｍｏｒｎｉｎｇ， ❖ ｔｈｅ ｗｈｏｌｅ ｍｏｒｎｉｎｇ， ❖ ａｌｌ ｄａｙ ｌｏｎｇ， ❖ ｆｒｏｍ ｎｉｎｅ ｔｏ ｔｅｎ， ❖ ｔｈｉｓ ｔｉｍｅ ｙｅｓｔｅｒｄａｙ．．． ❖ 一般用法：1.过去某个时刻或时段正在进行的动作 ❖ The teacher came in when they were talking. ❖ He was reading while she was watching TV.
2.与 always, continually, constantly, all the time等副 词连用表示反复或习惯性的动作,含有某种感情色彩, 如赞 扬, 遗憾, 讨厌,不满等（同现在进行时）
Ⅶ.过去完成时
❖ 用法：过去某时之前业已发生的动作或情况（过去 的过去）
❖ 时间状语：before, after, once, until, by then end of +过去时间
❖ You’re always thinking of others.(赞扬)
❖ How are you feeling today? (比How do you feel today?更为亲切)
Ⅲ一般将来时
❖ 基本用法 ：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态, 或将来某段时间内经常的动作与状态.
❖ 时间状语:tomorrow, next week, from now on, in the future, in +时间段…
❖ 6.短暂性动词的完成时不与时间段连用, 如需连用 可转化成相应的延续性动词,
❖ 如die—be dead , leave—be away , come back – be back , fall in love with ---be in love with , marry—be married to , join –be a member of /be in…
❖ 一般用法:1. 说话时正发生或正进行的动作 ❖ I’m giving a lecture. ❖ 2. 现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定正在进行的动作 ❖ I’m reading a novel these days. ( but I am
not reading it now.)
❖ 特殊用法:
❖ 1.表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作, 限于 表 示来去, 开始, 结束, 离开， 到达等瞬间意 义的动词
❖ 特殊用法1：We’re leaving on Friday.
❖ I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I am taking my mom
❖ 2.在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句 中表达将来正在进行的动作
❖ Don’t mention this when you are talking with him .
过去完成进行时 had been doing
一般将来时 will/shall do
将来进行时 will/shall be doing
将来完成时 will/shall have done
一般过去将 来时 would/shoul d do
过去将来进 行时 would/shoul d be doing
过去将来完成 时 would/should have done
特殊用法
❖ .一般将来时可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作.
❖ eg. Oil will float on water./Crops will die without water.
❖
Whenever he has time, he will come and see me .
❖ 其否定式表示“不能… 没法…”
❖
My father often took me to visit my grandpa
when he was alive.
❖ 特殊用法: 1.在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从 句中过去将来的动作
❖
He said he would come if he was not busy.
❖
2. 有些情况发生的时间不很清楚(无明确时间状语),
❖ By the end of last year , they had treated 30, 000 patients.
动词时态专项复习一般现在时beisamardodoes现在进行时doing现在完成时havehasdone现在完成进行时havehasbeendoing一般过去时wasweredid过去进行时wasweredoing过去完成时haddone过去完成进行时hadbeendoing一般将来时willshalldo将来进行时willshalldoing将来完成时willshallhavedone将来完成进行时willshallhavebeendoing一般过去将来时wouldshouldo过去将来进行时wouldshouldoing过去将来完成wouldshouldhavedone过去将来完成进行时wouldshouldhavebeendoing基本用法
❖ 一般用法: 1.经常性或习惯性的动作
❖ I go to work on foot every day.
❖ We always help each other.
❖ 2.现在的特征，状态 及能力 He loves sports.
❖
The coat fits you well.
❖ 3. 普遍真理, 格言警句
❖
❖ It is +时间段+since….
❖ It is /has been five years since I moved here.
Ⅱ.现在进行时:
❖ 表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作.
❖ 时间状语:now ,at the moment, these days, nowadays ,at present …
❖ I need one more stamp before my collection is completed.
❖ Even if he doesn’t come this Sunday, I’ll go fishing by myself.
❖3.特殊句型
❖ Here/There comes our teacher.(一般现在时表 正在发生的动作)
❖ Are we to go on with the work?== Shall we …?
❖ If you are to be there on time, …(意愿)
❖ --you have left the light on .
--Oh, sorry. I’ll go and turn it off.(被告知前无打算