机械工程英语_第二部分翻译

Unit5 INDUSTRIAL ROBOT工业机器人

INTRODUCTION介绍

Industrial robots are relatively new electromechanical devices that are beginning to change the appearance of modern industry. Industrial robots are not like the science fiction devices that possess

human-like abilities and provide companionship with space traveler、Research to enable robots to “see，"hear"，“touch"，and "listen" has been underway for two decades and is beginning to bear

fruit. However，the current technology of industrial robots is such that most robots contain Only

an arm rather than all the anatomy a human possesses. Current control only allows these devices

to move from point to point in space，performing relatively simple taskes. The Robotics Institute

of America defines a robot as“a reprogramrnable multifunction manipulator designed to move

material，parts, tools，or other specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks. "' A NC machining center would qualify as a robot if one were

to interpret different types of machining as different functions- Most manufacturing engineers do

not consider a NC machining center a robot，even though these machines hive a number of situ-

ilarities. The power drive and controllers of both NC machines and robots can be quite similar.

Robots, like NC machines can he powered by electrical motors，hydraulic systems，or pnetinlat tc svsterns. Control for either device can lye either open-loop or closed-loop. In fact，many of the developments used in robotics have evolved from the NC industry，and many of the manufactur-

ers of robots also manufacture NC machines or NC controllers.工业机器人是相对来说较新的机电设备，

它已经开始改变现代工业的面貌。工业机器人不像科幻小说中的那个模样具有人一样的能力并且能与

其它移动物建立友谊。机器人能够看见听到触觉听的研究已经进行了20多年，现在开始开花结果了。然而，通常所说的工业机器人技术是是大多数机器人只包含了一条臂而不是拥有人解剖学上的全部结构。通常的控制只允许这些机器人在空间上从点到点的移动，完成相对简单的工作。美国机器人学会定义机器人为“一个可再编程序，多功能的机器手，它通过各种可编程的运行来完成不同的任务，用于搬用原料、零件、刀具、以及专用装置。如果认为不同类型的加工有不同的作用。那么一个数控加工中心也可以被认为是机器人。大部分制造工程师认为数控加工中心不是机器人，尽管他们有很多相似之处。数控机构和机器人的动力驱动和控制十分相似。想数控机构一样机器人能够由发动机、液压系统、气压系统提供动力。两种设备都能由开环控制或闭环控制。实际上，许多应用于机器人发展技术由数控工业演变过来并且许多机器人制造商也制造数控机床和数控控制器。

A physical robot is normally composed of a main frame (or arm) with a wrist and some tool-

ing (usually some type of gripper) at the end of the frame. "Art auxiliary power system may also

be included with the robot. A controller with some type of teach pendant，joy-stick. or key pad

is also part of the system. I1 typical robotic system is shown in Fig. 5. 1.实际的机器人由带有腕（或称为臂）的主机身和机器端部的工具（通常是某些的支撑器）组成。机器人也可能有一个辅助动力系统。机器人系统还包括一个有一些控制环模、操作杆、键的控制器。一种典型的机器人系统如图5、1 Robots are usually characterized by the design of the mechanical system. A robot whose

main frame consists of three linear axes is called a Cartesian robot. The Cartesian robot derives its

name from the coordinate systern. Travel normally takes place linearly in three-space. Some

Cartesian robots are constructed like a gantry to minimize deflection alang each of the axes.

These robots are referred to as gantry robots. Fig. 5. 2 shows examples of Cartesian robots.

These robots behave and car, be controlled similarly to conventional :hree-axis IBC machines.、

Gantry robots are generally the most accuratN physical structure for robots. Gantry robots are