YSIPro20溶解氧测定仪YSIPro20
YSI5000 5100溶解氧测量仪 说明书
YSI 5000YSI 5000/5100溶解氧测量儀操作手册目录概述： 2控制： 3356设置 6 显示设置7 报告设置7 自动稳定设置8 系统设置9校准10 溶解氧校准10 自动校准10 溶解氧校准（手动）11 气压计11 盐度11 零校准12 操作14主模式14 测量14储存15浏览15发送16应用模式17 OUR17 SOUR 18遥控20 诊断22 历史记录22 传感器22 参数复位23242425 附录B26附录C－单位换算表26附录D －遥控命令语法 27概述：5000系列溶解氧分析仪专门设计用于实验室的溶解氧及BOD 测量。
全部选单操作易于使用；内部储存器可储存100组读数；自动稳定检测使读数达到稳定时自动报读，膜检测当膜破损时自动警示。
仪器上的一切功能均可通过RS232接口由电脑直接操控。
操作软件亦可由用户自行升级。
此外，5100型还内置了OUR/SOOUR 测试软件，可快速自动测定活性污泥的活性。
5100型还内置了气压针，能够进行自动气压补偿及自动校准，更可外接条形码阅读器或电脑键盘，以便于数据输入。
控制： 面板5000/5100型控制面板如下图：显示屏键模式开/关MODE 键STORE REVIEW SEND CALIBRATE四个软键的功能显示在显示屏的下端，这些软键的功能将随模式的变化而不同。
[Mode]键和软键用于菜单间的引导，[Mode]键用于两个主操作模式间的循环，按一个软键将导出一组新的软键功能（选单）。
[Mode]键也用于返回上一级选单。
软件流程图下图是500/5100型两个操作模式软件的流程图，其中阴影的方框只适用于5100型。
背板仪器背板包括了电源插口，探头、条码阅读器/外接电脑键盘接口以及RS232串行口，如图所示，条码阅读器和外接电脑键盘共用一个接口，此功能仅5100型可用。
1．电源插头：电源输入为-4.5至5.5V AC，最小电流350ma。
2．探头接口：探头接口是一个8针小型DIN接口。
西双版纳南腊河浮游植物群落结构及其与水环境因子的关系
西双版纳南腊河浮游植物群落结构及其与水环境因子的关系朱佳志;刘明典;黄福江;刘瑞超;刘绍平【摘要】为研究南腊河浮游植物群落结构变化特征及其与水环境因子的关系，分别于2013年8月和11月对西双版纳地区南腊河的浮游植物和环境因子进行调查，运用多元分析方法分析了浮游植物在南腊河的分布情况及其与环境因子间的关系。
结果显示，南腊河上游水体的优势种群为蓝藻，下游水体的优势种群为硅藻。
浮游植物密度在季节间变化不显著，而空间分布则表现出极显著性差异。
比较浮游植物多样性指数后发现，南腊河属于α／β－中污型河流。
大部分样点的浮游植物群落结构未发生明显的季节性变化。
主成分分析（PCA）和典范对应分析（CCA）显示，总氮可能是雨季南腊河浮游植物生长的主要限制因子，而水温则是旱季影响浮游植物的主导因素，浊度和固体悬浮物浓度在旱季对浮游植物密度的抑制效果明显。
%A detailed field survey of hydrological , chemical and biological resources was conducted to find out the changes of phytoplankton community structure and the relationship with environmental factors in August and November 2013 in Nan-la River, which located in Xishuangbanna , Yunnan Province of China .Multivariate analysis method was used to calculate the distributions of phytoplankton and its relationship with environmental factors .Results showed that Cyanophyta was domi-nant population in the upstream water while Bacillariophyta was dominant population in the downstream .The cell density of phytoplankton did not change significantly among the seasons , but showed extremely significant difference in spatial distri -bution.It was found that the water body of Nanla River belonged to α/β-ms typecompared the phytoplankton biodiversity index.No obvious seasonal changes of phytoplankton community structure were found in spatial distribution .Results of principal component analysis and canonical correspondence analysis indicated that total nitrogen (TN) was likely to be a limiting factor for the growth of phytoplankton in the rainy season .And the water temperature (WT) was the main factor af-fecting phytoplankton in the dry season .Meanwhile turbidity (TUR) and suspended solids (SS) had inhibitory effect on the density of phytoplankton in the dry season .【期刊名称】《淡水渔业》【年(卷),期】2015(000)006【总页数】8页(P39-45,69)【关键词】南腊河;浮游植物;环境因子;主成分分析;典范对应分析【作者】朱佳志;刘明典;黄福江;刘瑞超;刘绍平【作者单位】华中农业大学水产学院，武汉 430070; 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所，武汉 430223;中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所，武汉 430223;中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所，武汉 430223;中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所，武汉 430223;中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所，武汉 430223【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S932.8浮游植物是河流生态系统的重要组成部分，能够随营养盐、温度及流域水文条件等的改变而呈现出一定的季节变化。
YSI溶氧仪说明书
YSI 550A溶氧仪使用说明Page 3-Page10YSI 550A 特点电池YSI 550A 溶氧仪由4 节3 号(C )碱性电池驱动，一组全新的碱性电池可以持续工作大约2000 小时。
当需要更换电池时，LCD 显示屏上会显示“LO BAT”信息。
当第一次出现此信息时，仪器在背景光不开时还能工作大概50 小时。
仪器外壳防水的仪器外壳是在工厂里封装好的，除了YSI 授权的技术人员外，不能打开机壳。
警告：切勿尝试把仪器前后半部的外壳打开，因为这会破坏防水密封装置并可能引起仪器损坏。
此种情况不属保修范围。
标定/保存室YSI 550A 溶氧仪配有一个可附在仪器背面的方便的标定/保存室。
标定室可在仪器任一侧使用，只要将橡皮塞移到另一侧。
如果你仔细查看标定/保存室，会发现底部有一小片圆形海绵。
小心滴加3 至6滴干净的水到海绵上，再把仪器反转以便让多余的水流出。
湿海绵将为探头创造100%水饱和空气的环境。
这个环境对于溶解氧校正以及在运输和不用时保存探头都非常完美。
YSI 550A 溶氧仪的保存室可以方便的在仪器任一侧使用。
1. 拧下两颗螺钉，将保存室从仪器上拆下来。
2. 从保存室上的小孔中把吊带拔出来，将橡皮塞从保存室上拆下。
3. 将吊带塞入保存室上相应的小洞中，重新将橡皮塞装到保存室上。
4. 用两颗螺钉将保存室重新装到仪器上。
手带手带设计可使你毫不费劲舒适地操作55 型。
若手带调节适当，整部仪器可稳固地套在你手上而不致滑掉脱手。
手带可以方便的用于仪器任一侧。
将手带从一侧移到另一侧：1. 将两条粘贴带分开。
2. 将手带从上部和下部的钩子上取下。
3. 将手带穿过仪器另一侧的钩子。
4. 调节手带的长度直至你的手可舒适地动作。
5. 把两条粘贴带粘合。
工作原理探头由一个柱状的银阳极和一个环形的黄金阴极组成。
使用时，探头末端需注满电解液，该溶液含有少量的表面活性剂以增强其湿润作用。
探头前端覆盖有一片渗透性膜，把电极与外界分隔开，但气体可进入。
YSI多参数水质分析仪Proplus 中文操作手册
用户手册
目录
质量保证 .............................................................................................................. i
简介 ........................................................ ...... ..................................................... 1
进行测量 ..................................................................................................................... 49 溶解氧 ......................................................................................................... 49 电导率 ......................................................................................................... 49 pH/氧化还原电位 ....................................................................................... 50 铵、硝酸盐、氯化物................................................................................... 50
水质检测方法如何检测水质
水质检测方法-如何检测水质水质的检测水质的分析1 方法来源西北轻工业学院《皮革分析检验》。
2 适用范围适用于井水、自来水的测定。
3 测试方法硬度单位水的硬度单位在化学分析上常以每一百万份水中所含碳酸钙的份数来表示，简写为ppm。
至于水中其它杂质如镁盐等都折合成相当于CaCO3量来计算。
硬水和软水的区分：CaCO3含量：15 ppm 极软水15～50 ppm 软水50～100 ppm 略硬水100～200 ppm 硬水＞200 ppm 极硬水总硬度的测定原理乙二胺四乙酸二钠是一种溶解度好、对钙、镁离子具有优良的螯合能力的螯合剂，它与钙、镁离子形成稳定、无色可溶的螯合物。
试剂EDTA标准溶液：/L。
配制：称取分析纯乙二胺四乙酸二钠溶于300ml温蒸馏水中，冷却，稀释至1L，此溶液浓度约为/L。
标定：准确称取分析纯锌粒，溶于mL 1:1 HCl中，用蒸馏水稀释至1L，即为/L锌基准液。
用移液管吸取于250mL 锥形瓶中，加25mL蒸馏水，用分析纯氨水中和至微碱性，再加5mLNH4OH-NH4Cl缓冲溶液和5滴铬黑T指示剂，用中配制的EDTA标准溶液滴定至溶液由酒红色变为纯蓝色即为终点。
EDTA标准溶液浓度的计算按式计算EDTA标准溶液的浓度：c1 = c2×V2V …………………………………….1式中：c1 ———— EDTA标准溶液的摩尔浓度，mol/L；V1 ————滴定锌基准液消耗EDTA标准溶液的体积，mL；c2 ————锌基准液摩尔浓度，mol/L；V2 ————锌基准液体积，mL。
NH4OH-NH4Cl缓冲溶液：pH=10称取20g NH4Cl，溶于适量的蒸馏水中，加入100mL 25%的氨水，再用蒸馏水稀释至1L。
此缓冲溶液pH＝10。
铬黑T指示剂溶液：%称取铬黑T，溶于40mL无水乙醇中，再加入60mL 25%的氨水，即为深蓝色铬黑T指示剂。
此溶液有效期略一个月。
用下法配制的指示剂可以较长期保存：称取铬黑T，加100g固体氯化钠，研磨均匀，紧塞备用。
YSI DO便携式溶氧仪操作维护规程
YSI DO便携式溶氧仪操作维护规程1. 目的为保证正确使用本仪器，使仪器长期有效运转，特制定本操作规程。
2. 适用范围本操作规程仅适用于YSI DO200便携式溶氧仪的使用、维护和保养。
3. 技术说明显示测量范围分辨率准确度溶解氧ppm (毫克/升) 0~20 0.01 读数之±2%或±0.2ppm（毫克/升），以较大者为准溶解氧（%空气饱和度）0~200% 0.1% 读数之±2%或±2%空气饱和度，以较大者为准温度（℃）-6~46℃0.1℃±0.3℃±1最小有效位数4. LCD显示4.1 BAT：低电指示4.2 CAL：校准模式指示4.3 SAL ppt：校准模式中显示，提示输入水体盐度（单位：千分数）4.4 mBar：校准模式中显示，提示需输入的大气压力（单位：毫巴）4.5 主显示区：显示溶解氧值4.6 ％/ppm：溶解氧单位指示4.7 副显示区：显示℃温度值5.操作程序按：（开关）键打开或关闭仪器。
开机，仪器自动运行自检程序，此时显示屏上可能会出现“ovEr ”信息，这是正常现象；预热结束后，此信息会自动消失。
自检程序完成后，温度显示在显示屏右下方，此时仪器已可正常运行。
将探头浸入水体中，尽可能避免探头上的盖膜碰到溶液中的尖锐物，以免割破盖膜。
不要让气泡出现在探头周围。
仪器不使用时，关闭仪器以节省电力。
注意：在溶解氧测试过程中，水体流速或探头的搅动速率必须达到0.15 米/秒，以抵消传感器自身耗氧所需。
6.校准程序6.1将5～6滴净水（自来水、蒸馏水或去离子水）滴入校准瓶中的海绵上。
倒置校准瓶，让多余的水流出瓶子。
湿润的海绵为探头创造一个水饱和的空气环境，用于校准、运输和储存 DO200 探头。
校准时，探头应保持在一个水饱和的空气环境中，而不是浸入水中。
6.2将探头插入校准瓶，确保膜没有触到海绵。
6.3按（开关）键打开仪器，等待10～15分钟使溶解氧和温度读数稳定。
美国溶氧仪YSI-Pro20手册
PRO20USER MANUALEnglishFrançaisEspañolDeutschItem # 605597Rev BDrawing # A605597October 2008©2008 YSI Incorporated.The YSI logo is a registered trademark of YSI Incorporated. Teflon is a registered trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.C O N T E N T S Warranty (1)Introduction (2)Getting Started (2)Initial Inspection (2)Battery Installation (2)Keypad (3)Connecting the Sensor and Cable (4)Membrane Installation (7)Backlight (7)Powering Off (7)Run Screen (7)Navigation (8)First Power On (9)System Setup Menu (10)DO Local% (10)Last Digit Suppression (LDS) (11)One Touch Calibration (One Touch Cal) (11)Audio (11)Contrast (11)Sensor Type (12)Membrane Type (13)Auto Stable (14)DO Units (14)Temperature Units (15)Pressure Units (15)Language (15)Auto Shutoff (15)Resetting the System Setup Menu to Factory Default (16)Exiting the System Setup Menu (17)Calibration (17)Temperature (17)Barometer (17)Dissolved Oxygen (18)Salinity Compensation Calibration (21)Taking Measurements (22)Saving and Viewing data (22)Saving Data (22)Viewing and Erasing Saved Data – Data mode (23)Principles of Operation (25)Care, Maintenance, and Storage (26)General Maintenance (26)Sensor Maintenance (28)Sensor Storage (32)Troubleshooting (33)Specifications (35)Accessories/Part Numbers (36)Declaration of Conformity (37)Recycling (38)Contact Information (39)Ordering & Technical Support (39)Service Information (39)W A R R A N T YThe YSI Pro20 Instrument is warranted for three (3) years from date of purchase by the end user against defects in materials and workmanship, exclusive of batteries and any damaged caused by defective batteries. Pro20 cables are warranted for two (2) years from date of purchase by the end user against defects in material and workmanship. Pro20 Polarographic sensors are warranted for one (1) year and Galvanic sensors are warranted for six (6) months from date of purchase by the end user against defects in material and workmanship. Pro20 instruments, cables & probes are warranted for 90 days from date of purchase by the end user against defects in material and workmanship when purchased by rental agencies for rental purposes. Within the warranty period, YSI will repair or replace, at its sole discretion, free of charge, any product that YSI determines to be covered by this warranty.To exercise this warranty, call your local YSI representative, or contact YSI Customer Service in Yellow Springs, Ohio at +1 937 767-7241, 800-897-4151 or visit (Support tab). Send the product and proof of purchase, transportation prepaid, to the Authorized Service Center selected by YSI. Repair or replacement will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days from date of repair or replacement.LIMITATION OF WARRANTYThis Warranty does not apply to any YSI product damage or failure caused by:1)failure to install, operate or use the product in accordance with YSI's writteninstructions;2)abuse or misuse of the product;3)failure to maintain the product in accordance with YSI's written instructionsor standard industry procedure;4)any improper repairs to the product;5)use by you of defective or improper components or parts in servicing orrepairing the product;6)modification of the product in any way not expressly authorized by YSI.THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. YSI's LIABILITY UNDER THIS WARRANTY IS LIMITED TO REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF THE PROD UCT, AND THIS SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMED Y FOR ANY D EFECTIVE PROD UCT COVERED BY THIS WARRANTY. IN NO EVENT SHALL YSI BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECTIVE PRODUCT COVERED BY THIS WARRANTY.1I N T R O D U C T I O NThank you for purchasing the YSI Pro20, an instrument from the YSI Professional Series product family. The Pro20 features an impact resistant and waterproof (IP-67) case, backlit display, user-selectable sensor options, internal barometer, and a rugged, rubber over-mold case.The Pro20 provides valuable instructions and prompts near the bottom of the display that will guide you through operation and use. However, reading the entire manual is recommended for a better understanding of the Pro20’s features. The Pro20 can not communicate to a PC via a Pro Pluscommunications saddle. Connecting the Pro20 to acommunication saddle may cause erratic instrument behavior.L G E T T I N G S T A R T E D INITIAL INSPECTIONCarefully unpack the instrument and accessories and inspect for damage.Compare received parts with materials listed on the packing list. If any parts or materials are missing or damaged, contact YSI Customer Service at 800-897-4151 (+1-937-767-7241) or the Authorized YSI distributor from whom the instrument was purchased.BATTERY INSTALLATIONThis instrument requires 2 alkaline C-cell batteries. Under normal conditions, battery life is approximately 400 hours at room temperature without using theback light. A battery symbolwill blink in the lower, left corner of the display to indicate low batteries when approximately 1 hour of battery life remains.To install or replace the batteries:1) Turn the instrument off and flip over to view the battery cover on the back. 2) Unscrew the four captive battery cover screws. 3) Remove the battery cover, and remove the old batteries if necessary. 4) Install the new batteries, ensuring correct polarity alignment (Figure 1). 25) Place the battery cover on the back of the instrument and tighten the four screws. Do NOT over-tighten.The waterproof instrument case is sealed at the factory and is not to be opened, except by authorized service technicians. Do notattempt to separate the two halves of the instrument case as thismay damage the instrument, break the waterproof seal, and willvoid the warranty. KEYPADL345 612 Figure 1, Pro20 with battery cover removed. Note battery symbols indicating polarities.Figure 2, keypad3Number Key Description 1Calibrate Press and hold for 3 seconds to calibrate. Initiates One Touch Calibration.Opens Calibrate menu from the run screen if OneTouch Calibration is disabled.2 Up ArrowUse to navigate through menus, to navigate throughbox options at the bottom of the run screen, and toincrease numeric inputs.3 Power and BacklightPress once to turn instrument on. Press a secondtime to turn backlight on. Press a third time to turnbacklight off. Press and hold for 3 seconds to turninstrument off.4 MenuUse to enter the System Setup menu from the runscreen.5EnterPress to confirm entries and selections.6Down ArrowUse to navigate through menus, to navigate throughbox options at the bottom of the run screen, and todecrease numeric inputs.CONNECTING THE SENSOR AND CABLECONNECTING THE SENSOR“Sensor” refers to the removable portion or electrode sensing portion of the cable assembly, i.e. the dissolved oxygen sensor. “Bulkhead” refers to the portion of the cable with the single-pin connector (Figure 3).4The Pro20 has two compatible sensors for use with a field cable:Polarographic – This sensor has a black sensor body and is engraved with the model number 2003. Polarographic will be abbreviated Polaro in the instrument.Galvanic – This sensor has a grey sensor body and is engraved with the model number 2002.For information about the differences on the two sensor types, see Sensor Type in the System Setup menu section and/or the Principles of Operation section of this manual.If using a ProBOD sensor/cable assembly, there is no need to install a sensor because it has a built in Polarographic dissolved oxygen sensor.Before installing either sensor or connecting the cable to theinstrument, the Sensor Type must be configured for the sensor beinginstalled/connected. Failure to do this may result in damage notLcovered under warranty. The instrument will step you through thissetup the first time it is powered on. See the System Setup menusection of this manual for instructions on configuring the SensorType after the first power on.1)Ensure both the sensor connector and sensor port on the cable are clean anddry.2)Grasp the sensor with one hand and the cable bulkhead in the other.3)Push the sensor into the connector on the cable until it is firmly seated andonly 1 o-ring is visible. Failure to properly seat the sensor may result indamage.4)Twist the sensor clockwise to engage threads and finger tighten. Do NOTuse a tool. This connection is water-tight.For more detailed instructions, please refer to the sensor installation sheet that is included with each sensor.Figure 3 BulkheadSensor5CONNECTING THE CABLEThe Pro20 is designed for field and laboratory use. It is compatible with two different cable options:1) The field rugged cable is available in standard lengths of 1, 4, 10, 20, 30, and 100 meters with special lengths available between 30 and 100 meters. This cable has a built in temperature sensor and includes a port for the dissolved oxygen sensor. 2) The ProBOD is a 1 meter probe/cable assembly with built in Polarographic dissolved oxygen and temperature sensors. It has an AC powered motor for sample stirring and is designed to fit into a 300 ml BOD bottle.To connect the cable, align the keys in the cable connector to the slots in the instrument connector. Push together firmly and then twist the outer ring until itlocks into place (Figure 4). This connection is water-proof.Figure 4, Note the keyed connector. When disconnected, the sensor and cable’s sensor connectors areNOT water-proof. Do not submerge the cable without a sensorinstalled. When disconnected, the cable’s instrument connector andthe connector on the instrument maintain a waterproof, IP-67rating.L6MEMBRANE INSTALLATIONThe dissolved oxygen sensor is shipped with a dry, protective red cap that will need to be removed before using. It is very important to put a new membrane with electrolyte solution on the sensor after removing the red cap.Prepare the membrane solution according to the instructions on the bottle. After mixing, allow the solution to sit for 1 hour. This will help prevent air bubbles from later developing under the membrane. Ensure you are using the correct electrolyte solution for the correct sensor. Galvanic sensors utilize electrolyte with a light blue label and Polarographic sensors utilize electrolyte with a white label. The D issolved Oxygen sensor is supplied with cap membranes specific to the sensor type ordered (Polarographic or Galvanic). 5913 and 5914 membrane kits are for Galvanic sensors and the 5908 and 5909 membrane kits are for Polarographic sensors.Remove and discard or save the red protective cap. Thoroughly rinse the sensor tip with distilled or deionized water. Fill the cap membrane 3⁄4 full of electrolyte solution, then tap the cap with a finger to release any trapped air. Be careful not to touch the membrane portion of the cap. Thread the membrane cap onto the sensor, moderately tight. Do not use a tool. It’s typical for some of the electrolyte solution to spill over. It is best to allow the new cap to remain on a new sensor overnight before trying to calibrate. For detailed instructions on changing a membrane cap, see the Care, Maintenance, and Storage section of this manual. BACKLIGHTOnce the instrument is on, pressing power/backlight key will turn on the display backlight. The backlight will remain on until the key is pressed again or after two minutes of not pressing any key on the keypad.POWERING OFFTo turn the instrument off, press and hold the power/backlight key for three seconds.RUN SCREENPress the power/backlight key to turn the instrument on. The instrument will run through a self test and briefly display a splash screen with system information before displaying the main run screen (Figure 5). The first time the Pro20 isturned on, it will step through language, sensor, and membrane selections; see the First Power On section of this manual for more information.Figure 5, example of main run screen with Save highlighted. NAVIGATIONThe up and down arrow keys allow you to navigate through the functions of the Pro20.NAVIGATING IN THE RUN SCREENWhen in the run screen, the up and down arrow keys will move the highlighted box along the bottom options. Once a box is highlighted, press enter to access the highlighted option.Description of run screen box functions from left to right: Option Description Barometer readingHighlight and press enter to calibrate the barometer Salinity compensationvalueHighlight and press enter to adjust salinity compensation value SAVE Highlight and press enter to save current data tomemoryDATA Highlight and press enter to view and/or erase saveddata NAVIGATING IN THE SYSTEM SETUP MENUWhen in the System Setup menu, the up and down arrow keys will move the highlighted bar up and down the system setup options. See the System Setup menu section of this manual for more information about these options. FIRST POWER ONThe instrument will step through an initial configuration when powered on for the first time. This will set the language, sensor, and membrane options. Use the up or down arrow keys to highlight the appropriate language, sensor, and membrane, then press enter to confirm (Figures 6, 7, and 8). The Sensor Type must be configured for the sensor installed. Failure to do this may result in damage not covered under warranty. If an incorrect option is selected, it may be changed in the System Setup menu.Select Sensor Type: 7 Polaro (black) Galvanic (grey) Use ST to select sensor type Press to confirm Select Language: 7 English Français Español Deutsch Use ST to select Language Press to confirm Figure 6, Language selectionSelect Membrane Type: 71.25 (Yellow) 2.0 (Blue) Use ST to select membrane Press to confirmFigure 8, Membrane selection Figure 7, Sensor selectionAfter selecting a language, sensor, and membrane, the run screen will appear. The next time the instrument is powered up the run screen will appear immediately after the self check. If the sensor type or membrane type is changed, ensure that it updated in the System Setup menu.S Y S T E M S E T U P M E N UPress the menu key to access the following System Setup functions.The System Setup menu contains multiple screens which are notated as ‘pages’. The current page is indicated on the display, figure 9.DO LOCAL%DO Local% can be enabled or disabled by using the up or down arrow keys to highlight it and then pressing enter. An ‘X’ in the box next to D O Local% indicates it is enabled (Figure 9).Figure 9, DO %Local is enabled.When D O Local% is enabled, D O% values will be expressed as %L on the run screen.D O Local% allows for localized dissolved oxygen measurements. This sets the DO% calibration value to 100% regardless of the altitude or barometric pressure. When DO Local% is enabled, the Pro20 will factor in the barometric pressure on each measurement. For example, if the barometric pressure changes, the DO %L reading would remain constant in air-saturated water or in water-saturated air. Local DO is ideal for EU compliance.LAST DIGIT SUPPRESSION (LDS)Last Digit Suppression (LDS) can be enabled or disabled by using the up or down arrow keys to highlight it and pressing enter . An ‘X’ in the box next to LDS indicates it is enabled.LDS rounds the DO value to the nearest tenth; i.e. 8.25 mg/L becomes 8.3 mg/L. LDS is automatically disabled during calibrations.ONE TOUCH CALIBRATION (ONE TOUCH CAL)One Touch Calibration can be enabled or disabled by using the up or down arrow keys to highlight One Touch Cal and pressing enter . An ‘X’ in the box next to One Touch indicates it is enabled.When One Touch Cal is enabled, press and hold the calibration key for 3 seconds while in the run screen to calibrate D issolved Oxygen to the barometer reading and salinity correction value. For more information on One Touch Calibration, see the Calibration section of this manual.AUDIOAudio can be enabled or disabled by using the up or down arrow keys to highlight Audio and pressing enter . When enabled, there will be an ‘X’ in the box next to Audio.When Audio is enabled, the Pro20 will beep twice to indicate stability when Auto Stable is enabled. The instrument will also beep when a key is pressed. When Audio is disabled, the Pro20 will not beep.CONTRASTTo adjust the display Contrast, use the up or down arrow keys to highlight Contrast, then press enter . Next, use the up or down arrow keys to adjust the contrast. The up arrow will darken the contrast and the down arrow will lighten the contrast. After adjusting the contrast, press enter to save and exit the Contrast adjustment option.EMERGENCY CONTRAST ADJUSTMENTIf necessary, there is an alternate method of adjusting the contrast. To adjust the contrast, press and hold the menu key, then press the up arrow key to darken the contrast or press the down arrow key to lighten the contrast.SENSOR TYPEThe instrument’s Sensor Type must be configured for the sensorLinstalled. Failure to do this may result in damage not coveredunder warranty. If you observe readings very close to 0 orextremely high readings, i.e. 600%, your Sensor Type setting maybe set incorrectly.Sensor Type sets the type of oxygen sensor being used; either Polarographic (black) or Galvanic (grey).Use the up or down arrow keys to highlight Sensor Type, then press enter to open a submenu. Highlight the sensor type corresponding to the sensor installed on the cable and press enter to confirm. The enabled sensor type will have an ‘X’ in the box next to it. Use the down arrow key to highlight the ESC – Exit, then press enter to save changes and to close the sensor submenu.If using a ProBOD sensor/cable assembly, the sensor type should be set to polarographic.The Pro20 has two compatible sensors for use with a field cable:Polarographic – This sensor has a black sensor body and is engraved with the model number 2003. Polarographic will be abbreviated Polaro in the instrument. Galvanic – This sensor has a grey sensor body and is engraved with the model number 2002.In terms of physical configuration, membrane material, and general performance, YSI Professional Series Galvanic dissolved oxygen sensors are exactly like the Professional Series Polarographic sensors. The advantage of using Galvanic sensors is convenience. Galvanic sensors provide for an instant-on sensor without the need for warm-up time but this affects the life of the sensor. Polarographic sensors last longer and have a longer warranty but require a 5-15 minute warm-up time before use or calibration.MEMBRANE TYPEMembrane Type sets the type of membrane used on the dissolved oxygen sensor; either 1.25 PE (Yellow) or 2.0 PE (blue). Use the up or down arrow keys to highlight Membrane Type and press enter to open the membrane submenu. Highlight the membrane type corresponding to the membrane installed on the sensor and press enter to confirm. The enabled membrane type will have an ‘X’ in the box next to it. Use the down arrow key to highlight the ESC – Exit box and press enter to save changes and to close the membrane submenu.The dissolved oxygen sensor is supplied with membranes specific to the sensor type ordered and are color coded as described in the following tables.Galvanic Membrane KitsItem Color M aterial Description5913 Yellow 1.25 mil polyethylene Faster response time and less flowdependence than traditional Teflon®membranes5914 Blue 2.0 mil polyethylene Less flow dependence than 1.25 milbut somewhat slower response Polarographic Membrane KitsItem Color M aterial Description5908 Yellow 1.25 mil polyethylene Faster response time and less flowdependence than traditional Teflon®membranes5909 Blue 2.0 mil polyethylene Less flow dependence than 1.25 milbut somewhat slower response Selecting a Dissolved Oxygen MembraneMembrane Type Flow Dependence After 4 Minutes Typical Response Timeto 95% 5913, 5908 - Yellow 25% 8 seconds5914, 5909 – Blue 18% 17 secondsAUTO STABLEAuto Stable utilizes preset values to indicate when a reading is stable. The preset values are adjustable in the System Setup menu. The user can input a % change in dissolved oxygen readings (0.0 to 1.9) over ‘x’ amount of time in seconds (3-19).Highlight Auto Stable and press enter to expand the submenu. Use the up or down arrow keys to highlight the DO% Change or seconds (secs) input field, then press enter to make the highlighted field adjustable. Use the up and down arrow keys to adjust the selected value, then press enter to confirm changes. Once you have confirmed any changes, highlight the ESC-Exit box and press enter to close the Auto Stable submenu.To disable Auto Stable, set the DO% Change input to 0.0.When Auto Stable is enabled, a will display next to the dissolved oxygen value on the run screen and blink during stabilization. When the dissolved oxygen value has stabilized based on the Auto Stable settings, the will display steadily and the instrument will beep twice if Audio is turned on.DO UNITSHighlight DO Units and press enter to open a submenu that will allow you to select the dissolved oxygen units displayed on the run screen. Highlight the desired unit(s) and press enter to enable or disable. An enabled dissolved oxygen unit will have an ‘X’ in the box next to it. Highlight the ESC-Exit box and press enter to save any changes and to close the DO units submenu.There are three options for displaying dissolved oxygen:mg/L will show D O readings in milligrams per liter on a scale from 0 to 50 mg/L.ppm (parts per million) is equivalent to mg/L and will show the DO reading on a scale from 0 to 50 ppm.% will show D O readings in a percent scale from 0 to 500%.This value will be expressed %L when DO Local% is enabled.Both % or %L and mg/L or ppm can be displayed simultaneously on the screen.TEMPERATURE UNITSHighlight Temperature Units and press enter to open a submenu that will allow you to change the temperature units displayed in the run screen. Highlight the desired unit (Celsius or Fahrenheit) and press enter to enable. The enabled temperature unit will have an ‘X’ in the box next to it. Only one unit may be enabled at a time. Highlight the ESC-Exit box and press enter to save any changes and to close the Temperature Units submenu.PRESSURE UNITSHighlight Pressure Units and press enter to open a submenu that will allow you to change the units displayed on the run screen. Highlight the desired unit (mmHg, inHg, mbar, psi, or kPa) and press enter to enable. The enabled pressure unit will have an ‘X’ in the box next to it. Only one unit may be enabled at a time. Highlight the ESC-Exit box and press enter to save any changes and to close the Pressure Units submenu.LANGUAGEHighlight Language and press Enter to open a submenu that will allow you to change the language. Highlight the desired language (English, Spanish, German, or French) and press enter to enable. The enabled language will have an ‘X’ in the box next to it. Highlight ESC-Exit box and press enter to save any changes and to close the Language submenu.The text in the boxes along the bottom of the run screen will always be displayed in English regardless of the language enabled in the System Setup menu.AUTO SHUTOFFAuto Shutoff allows you to set the instrument to turn off automatically after a period of time. Use the up or down arrow keys to highlight Auto Shutoff, then press enter to open the submenu. Press enter while the minute field is highlighted to make it adjustable. Next, use the up and down arrow keys to adjust the shut off time from 0 to 60 minutes. Press enter to confirm and save the new shutoff time. Highlight ESC-Exit box, then press enter to close the Auto Shutoff submenu.To disable Auto Shutoff, set the Time in Minutes to 0 (zero).RESETTING THE SYSTEM SETUP MENU TO FACTORY DEFAULTTo reset the Pro20 settings to factory default, press the down arrow key until theReset - 4box is highlighted, then press enter. The instrument will ask you toconfirm the reset. Highlight Yes and press enter to continue with the reset orhighlight No and press enter to cancel the reset. A Factory Reset will not affectdata saved in the unit’s memory.The following will be set in the Pro20 after performing a factory reset:Defaults Parameter Reset Temperature Units o CDissolved Oxygen Units mg/L and %Pressure Units mmHgDissolved Oxygen Sensor Type Last Setting ConfirmedMembrane Type Last Setting ConfirmedSalinity Compensation Value 0.0 pptDO Local% OffOne Touch Cal OnDisplay Contrast Set to mid rangeAuto Shutoff 30 minutesAuto Stable Off (0.0 % Change and 10 secs)LDS (Last Digit Suppression) OffAudio OnLanguage EnglishDissolved Oxygen Calibration Reset to factory default, 100% forenabled membrane and sensor*Barometer Calibration Reset to factory default**It is recommended to perform a barometer and dissolved oxygen calibrationafter performing a reset.EXITING THE SYSTEM SETUP MENUTo exit the System Setup menu, press the down arrow key until the ESC - Exit box is highlighted, then press enter to return to the run screen.C A L I B R A T I O NTEMPERATUREAll cable assemblies have built-in, temperature sensors. Temperature calibration is not required nor is it available.BAROMETERThe barometer in the Pro20 is calibrated at the factory. The barometer reading must be accurate to ensure accurate % calibrations and D O readings. If your barometer requires an adjustment, use the up or down arrow keys to highlight the barometer box on the run screen, then press enter. Next, use the up or down arrow keys to adjust the barometer reading to the local, true barometric pressure. Continually depress the up or down arrow keys to change the barometer value more rapidly. Press enter to confirm and save the barometer adjustment.Do not use a barometer value that is corrected to sea level.Laboratory barometer readings are usually “true” (uncorrected)Lvalues of air pressure and can be used “as is” for barometercalibration. Weather service readings are usually not “true”, i.e.,they are corrected to sea level, and therefore cannot be used untilthey are “uncorrected”. An approximate formula for this“uncorrection” is:True BP = [Corrected BP] – [2.5 * (Local Altitude in ft above sea level/100)]Although the barometer range is 400.0 to 999.9 mmHg, you will beLunable to adjust the value across the entire range. The barometer isvery accurate and the instrument will not allow you to adjust thevalue drastically beyond what it is measuring during calibration.DISSOLVED OXYGENThe Pro20 can be easily calibrated with the press of one key by enabling One Touch Cal in the System Setup menu and following the One Touch Calibration procedure.Ensure the barometer is reading accurately before performing a One Touch Calibration, DO %, or DO Local% calibration. These calibration procedures use the barometer reading during calibration. If the barometer reading is erroneous during a calibration, your dissolved oxygen values will be inaccurate.It is not necessary to calibrate in both % and mg/L or ppm.LCalibrating in % will simultaneously calibrate mg/L and ppm andvice versa. YSI recommends calibrating dissolved oxygen in % forboth ease and accuracy.ONE TOUCH CALIBRATIONPerform this calibration procedure when One Touch Cal is enabled in the System Setup menu.If using a field cable, install the sensor guard onto the probe. Moisten the sponge in the grey calibration/storage sleeve with a small amount of water and install it over the sensor guard. The sleeve should be moist, but should not have excess water that could cause water droplets to get on the membrane. The storage sleeve ensures venting to the atmosphere.If using the ProBOD sensor/cable assembly, place the probe in 300 ml BOD bottle with a small amount of water (1/8 inch or 0.3 cm). The dissolved oxygen and temperature sensors should not be immersed in water.If the calibration/storage sleeve is not available, substitute with a chamber of 100% relative humidity, vented to the atmosphere (not completely sealed).Power the instrument on and wait approximately 5 to 15 minutes for the storage chamber to become completely saturated and to allow the sensor to stabilize if using a Polarographic sensor. If using a Galvanic sensor, wait approximately 5 to 10 minutes for the chamber to become completely saturated. Auto Shutoff time should be disabled or set to at least 20 minutes, see System Setup menu for more information on adjusting the Auto Shutoff.。
ysi操作规程
ysi操作规程YSI操作规程一、YSI操作概述YSI是一种用于测量水质参数的仪器，常用于环境监测、水源保护等领域。
YSI的正确操作能够保证测量结果的准确性和可靠性。
二、YSI操作前准备1. 检查YSI仪器是否完好无损，如有损坏应及时维修或更换。
2. 确认YSI仪器是否已经校准，若未校准应进行校准操作。
3. 检查YSI传感器是否清洁，如有污垢应进行清洗。
三、YSI操作步骤1. 打开YSI仪器电源，等待仪器启动。
2. 根据测量参数的要求，选择合适的测量模式。
3. 将YSI传感器插入待测液体中，确保传感器与液体充分接触。
4. 等待YSI仪器稳定显示测量结果。
5. 记录测量结果，并根据需要重复测量多次，取平均值作为最终结果。
6. 测量结束后，将YSI传感器从液体中取出，并用纯净水进行清洗。
7. 关闭YSI仪器电源，进行仪器的保养和维护。
四、YSI操作注意事项1. 操作YSI仪器时应佩戴手套和护目镜，以防止溅洒或触及有害物质。
2. 操作YSI仪器时应遵循仪器的使用说明，严禁随意更改参数或使用不当。
3. YSI传感器不能与强酸、强碱或有毒物质接触，以免损坏传感器。
4. YSI传感器在使用前应经过清洗和校准，以保证测量结果的准确性。
5. 在测量过程中应保持仪器和传感器的稳定，避免剧烈震动和摇晃。
6. 测量结果应及时记录并进行保存，以备后续分析和对比。
7. 操作YSI仪器时应遵守实验室的安全操作规程，确保人员和设备的安全。
五、YSI操作常见问题及解决方法1. 测量结果异常偏差大：可能是传感器受到污染或损坏，需要进行清洗或更换传感器。
2. 仪器无法启动：可能是电源供应不足或设备故障，需要检查电源和仪器是否正常。
3. 读数不稳定：可能是环境波动较大或传感器老化，需要将仪器放置稳定环境或更换传感器。
4. 仪器显示屏出现故障：可能是显示屏损坏或连接问题，需要检查显示屏和连接线路。
5. 无法进行校准：可能是仪器内部故障或校准液品质不合格，需要进行维修或更换校准液。
YSI水质分析仪使用说明
MORE
输入传感器
温度：热敏电阻
电导率：流通式电 导測量管，四電极
溶解氧：快速脉沖 ，极谱 法
酸度：复合玻璃 電极
ORP：复合玻璃 電极，白金电极
深度：应力传感器 浊度：90°散射法 叶绿素：荧光法 罗丹明 WT：荧光法 铵氮：离子选择电极 硝氮：离子选择电极 氯化物：离子选择电极
铵氮、硝氮及氯化物：15 米 浊度、叶绿素及罗丹明 WT：61 米
保护分級：IP68 (水下操作)
使用限制
不要在下列条件下使用
含有大量腐蚀性物质的液体 可能污染任何探头的液体 侵蚀 PVC 及不锈钢的液体
系统准备
探头安装
找出探头安装的位置，把该接口的拴子脫去
溶解氧、电导/ 温度、pH/ORP 、浊度、叶绿素、 罗丹明 WT ：维护套件內的安裝工具
技术指标 ...2
温度
传感器 范围 准确度 分辨率
热敏电阻 -5 至 +45 ℃ ±0.15 ℃ 0.01 ℃
电导率
传感器 范围 准确度 分辨率
四电极流通式电导测量管 0 至 100 mS/cm 读数之±0.5% + 1 uS/cm 0.01 mS/cm 至 0.1 mS/cm (自动量程)
萤光法、自动清洁刷 0 至 400 µg/L 0 至 100 %FS 萤光单位 0.1 µg/L 0.1 %FS 萤光单位
技术指标 ...9
罗丹明 WT
传感器 范围
准确度
萤光法、自动清洁刷 0 至 200 µg/L as true dye 0 至 1,000 µg/L as dye tracer 读数之±5% 或 1 µg/L ，以较大者为准
ysi PRO 20 说明书
目录
目录 ......................................................................................................3
质量保证 .............................. .............................................................................1 简介......................................................................................................................2 开始使用 ...................... ..... ..... ........................................................................2 初始检查......... .........................................................................................2 电池检查...................................................................................................2 键盘...........................................................................................................3 连接传感器和电缆 .................................................................................4 膜的安装 .................................................................................................7 背光...........................................................................................................7 关闭电源 .................................................................................................7 运行界面 .................................................................................................7 导航 .........................................................................................................8 第一次开机 .............................................................................................9 系统设置菜单 ...................................................................................................10 DO Local% ..............................................................................................10 最后一位数字的估计 (LDS)..................................................................11 一键校准（One Touch Cal) ...................................................................11 提示音 ...................................................................................................11 对比度 ...................................................................................................11 传感器类型 ...........................................................................................12 膜的类型.................................................................................................13 自稳定 ...................................................................................................14 溶解氧单位 ...........................................................................................14 温度单位.................................................................................................15 压力单位 ...............................................................................................15 语言.........................................................................................................15 关闭提示音.............................................................................................15
YSI Professional Plus手持水质仪器说明书
Professional PlusThe YSI Professional Plus is not a refinement. It camestraight out of the imagination of our customers...and the ingenuity of a multi-disciplined teamdedicated to making the ideal solution come to life.Our focus never wavered because listening to ourcustomers is a continuous process, and the heartand soul of our commitment.Designed to be tough and smart in the lab or field.And extremely versatile. The Pro Plus accommodatesany combination of YSI Pro Series cables, sensors,and accessories. Want to measure DO in the field?Maybe pH/DO/Nitrate? Or perhaps you need it tobe a lab instrument that measures BODs? Whateveryou need...the Pro Plus is your choice.YSI Pro Plus.The ultimate handheld samplinginstrument.Tougher. Smarter. More Versatile.0 /proplus800 897 4151 US / +1 937 767 7241 0Y S I P r o f e s s i o n a l P l u sP r o f e s s i o n a l P l u s Rugged, durable field cable with a 2-year warranty standardBacklit display AND keypad for use in true low-light conditionsThe file system allows for a 100 folder and site list Multiple user-replaceable sensor options and a choice of galvanic orpolarographic DO sensorsCase is rubber over-molded to provide extraprotection and prevent slipping; also allows for flat non-slip design on a table top and provides an IP-67 rating with or without the battery cover; 1-meter drop rated from all anglesMS (military-spec) connectors – rugged, waterproof, keyed, bayonet style quarter-turn lockAdjustable right- or left-handed hand strapDetailed on-screen Help functionThis symbol refers to a feature or benefit only YSI offers on a handheld instrument.1T ougher2The Pro Plus uses the rugged, IP67, Military Spec (MS) 1/4 turn lock, bayonet-style connector.Do your job with confidence even in the harshest field conditions. The drop-tested Pro Plus was designed tough with military-spec connectors, a two-year warranty on all cables, weighted sensor guards, and a rubber over-molded case with three- year warranty. Its interchangeable sensors and extra-durable cables nearly eliminate down time. And its low overall cost of ownership means you’re making a worthwhile investment for years to come.Quatro CableThe multiparameter Quatro cable allows the measure-ment of temperature, conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen and any two ISEs -pH, ORP , ammonium, nitrateor chloride.What a Come-backA YSI customer accidentally dropped his Pro Plus off a 40-foot bridge into the river below. A week later, he and his team came back. Using a long pole to scrape the river bottom, they found the cable and then the meter. They were amazed to find that — after a week submerged in a muddy river bed — their Pro Plus still worked.Not All is LostA YSI wastewater customer knocked a Pro Plus into an aeration basin. Seemingly lost for good, he reluctantly moved on. One year later, the tank was drained to complete minor maintenance. And there lay the meter. After a bit of cleaning, they turned it on. Not only did it work,but it’s still being used today.How Tough is TOUGH?F i e ldEasy-to-install cable weights;can be daisy-chained for additional weight Rubber, over-molded IP-67waterproof case (even without battery cover)3-year instrument warranty2-year cable warrantyRugged cables, sensors, and military-spec connectorsDrop-tested 1 meter at all anglesScratch-resistant lens; viewable with polarized glassesInstrument floatsWeighted, user-replaceable multi-sensor designThis Pro Plus was dragged nearly half a mile down a gravel road off the back of an ATV. They dusted it off and turned it on.Cable Options Field(order ISE and DO sensors separately)Single Parameter Options60510 – ISE(pH, ORP , pH/ORP , ammonium,chloride, nitrate)*60520 – DO (galvanic, polargraphic)**60530 – Conductivity/Salinity (sensor included)Dual Parameter Options6051010 – ISE/ISE 6051020 – ISE/DOMultiparameter OptionsQuatro – ISE/ISE, DO/Conductivity* Choice of ISE; pH, ORP , pH/ORP (not recommended on the 6051010 or Quatro cables)Choice of ISE; Ammonium, Nitrate, or Chloride for fresh water only** Choice of DO; Galvanic, PolarographicChoice of cable lengths: 1, 4, 10, 20, 30 meters all (up to 100 meters on 60520 only)F i e l d Single Parameter Options with Conductivity(included)6051030 – ISE/Conductivity 6052030 – DO/Conductivity3The technology-smart YSI Pro Plus has all the built-in support you’ll need for the lab or field. It provides multiple languages, detailed GLP data, on-screen Help to eliminate the need for a bulky manual, sensor diagnostics, up to six-point auto-buffer recognition, re-cal prompts, user-defined auto-stable function, and security passwords for extra protection. And much more.FREEData Manager Softwaren Easy-to-use software to manageall your data studiesn View, print and export graphicaland tabular datan View and print GLP datan Quickly configure one or multipleinstrumentsn Conduct real-time studiesSmarterReal-time studyGLP file dataHome screen4The Lab Dock easily allows your field meter to be used in the lab with the ProBOD probe.L a b5000 data set memoryFree, Data Manager desktop software and ProComm II saddleInterval or single-event logging 100 folder & site list data structure Password protection Detailed GLP dataUSB connection also powers the instrument 6-point cal with auto-buffer recognition User-adjustable auto-stable with promptsUser-upgradeable software via waterproof USB portRecalibration promptsSearch function filters user-defined datainformationThe Pro Plus shown with the 605107 lab-grade pH sensor and the 605170 lab stand.5Lab Grade ISE605107 – pH 605108 – ORP 605109 – pH/ORP Choice of cable lengths: 1 and 4 metersSelf-Stirring BOD605780 BOD 2-meter cableAll field cables can also be used in the lab and are ideal to use with the 063507 tripod.Cable OptionsLaboratoryBOD Analyst Pro software automates BOD testing.2.21”3.25”8.50”Top ViewFront View5.6 cm8.3 cm21.6 cmSingle Port Cable with Conductivity User-defined auto-stable function holds stable readings on display when criteria is met615400/5500D MultiDO Monitors23451 Port5.31” 5.76”Ø.97” 2.5 cmØ.97” 2.5 cm1 Port/Conductivity1 Port/Conductivity Only2 PortØ1.63”Ø1.85”7.34”Quatro13.4814.6 cmØ.97” 2.5 cm 6.91”17.6 cm4.1 cm 6.91”17.6 cm18.6 cm4.7 cm*Lab-grade cables include 605107, -108, -109, 605177, -178, -179 ** Derived parameters can include resistivity, salinity, specific conductance, and total dissolved solids ***ISE sensors for freshwater only; 17-meter maximum depthSystem Specifications (Cable and Sensors)Sensor Type Range Accuracy Resolution UnitsCalibrationDissolved Polarographic or Galvanic 0 to 500% 0 to 200% (± 2% of reading 1% or 0.1% air saturation %1 or 2-points with zeroOxygen (%) or 2% air saturation, whichever (user selectable) (temp comp range is greater) 200% – 500% -5 to 45˚C) (± 6% of reading) Dissolved Polarographic or Galvanic 0 to 50 mg/L 0 to 20 mg/L (±2% of the 0.1 or 0.01 mg/L mg/L, ppm 1 or 2-points with zero65400/5500D MultiDO MonitorsStep 1: Order InstrumentInstrument 6050000 includes Data Manager software, the ProComm II communications saddle, and USB cableStep 2: Order Cable(s)All cables include temperature; cables over 1 meter include cable management kit; cables with conductivity include sensor (no need to order conductivity sensor)60510: 1, 4, 10, 20 or 30 meter: ISE 1/temp60520: 1, 4, 10, 20, 30 or up to 100 meters 2: DO/temp 60530: 1, 4, 10, 20 or 30 meter: conductivity/temp 6051010: 1, 4, 10, 20 or 30 meter: ISE/ISE/temp 6051020: 1, 4, 10, 20 or 30 meter: ISE/DO/temp 6051030: 1, 4, 10, 20 or 30 meter: ISE/conductivity/temp 6052030: 1, 4, 10, 20 or 30 meter: DO/conductivity/temp 605790: 1, 4, 10, 20 or 30 meter: ISE/ISE/DO/conductivity/temp 605107: 1–meter single junction pH sensor & cable 605177: 4–meter single junction pH sensor & cable605108: 1–meter single junction ORP sensor & cable605178: 4–meter single junction ORP sensor & cable605109: 1–meter single junction pH/ORP sensor & cable605179: 4–meter single junction pH/ORP sensor & cableStep 3: Order Sensor(s) 605202: Galvanic DO605203: Polarographic DO605780: Self-stirring BOD (2-meter cable included) 605101: pH (ISE) 605102: ORP (ISE)605103: pH/ORP combination (ISE)3 605104: Ammonium (ISE) 605105: Chloride (ISE) 605106: Nitrate (ISE)605323: Amplified pH Sensor (ISE)605324: Amplified pH/ORP Sensor (ISE)1 ISEs include pH, ORP , Ammonium, Nitrate, Chloride2 Special order cables in 10-meter increments up to 100 meter available3 Not recommended on 6051010 or 605790 cables. Only pH would appear.Order Guide605202 or 203605101, 102 or 103605104, 105 or 10660578060510, 20 or 306051010 or 1020605790 Quatro6051030 or 20308Step 4: Order Solutions3167: 1,000 µs/cm conductivity solution (8 pints) 3168: 10,000 µs/cm conductivity solution (8 pints) 3169: 50,000 µs/cm conductivity solution (8 pints) 3682: Zobell, ORP solution (125 mL) 3824: pH 4, 7, 10 buffers (2 pints each)3841: 1 mg/L ammonium solution (500 mL) 3842: 10 mg/L ammonium solution (500 mL) 3843: 100 mg/L ammonium solution (500 mL) 3885: 1 mg/L nitrate solution (500 mL) 3886: 10 mg/L nitrate solution (500 mL) 3887: 100 mg/L nitrate solution (500 mL)5580: Confidence Solution ® to verify pH, ORP and conductivity data (not for cal)Step 5: Order Accessories603059: Flow Cell, Standard, 203 mL603077: Flow Cell Kit, 1- or 2-Port Sensor (includes 603059 & 603078) 606850: Quatro Cable Flow Cell603078: Flow Cell Adapter, Single Port (used with 603059) 603056: Flow Cell Mounting Spike603075: Carrying Case, Soft-Sided 603074: Carrying Case, Hard-Sided 603162: Carrying Case, Small, Soft-Sided 603069: Belt Clip 063517: Ultra Clamp 063507: Tripod603062: Cable Management Kit 605978: Weight, Sensor/Cable, 4.9 oz. 063019: Weight, Sensor/Cable, 24 oz., 3” 063020: Weight, Sensor/Cable, 51 oz., 6” 603070: Shoulder Strap626444: Lab Dock, Holds Meter and BOD probe 605170: Electrode Lab StandO r d e r G u i d eVisit /proplus to view the ordering guide for the Pro Plus.Please visit /accessories for more information3167603077603075063507603074603069605978603062No tools are required to install the sensors.9558038243161 & 3163Application NotesA557 Silver Streak Bass (Aquaculture)A567 ORP in Wastewater (Wastewater)A570 Busseron Creek Watershed (Surface Water)A572 Miami Conservancy District (Surface Water/Groundwater) A583 Monitoring a Forest Invader (Surface Water)A585 Ammonia in Aquaculture Ponds (Aquaculture)A590 Kamchatka Peninsula Salmon (Surface Water/Aquaculture) A597 Chronic Nitrate Exposure to Trout (Aquaculture)A602 Oregon DEQ Nitrate (Groundwater)visit /applicationsPure Data for a Healthy Planet, We Know D.O., Confidence Solutionand Who’s Minding the Planet are registered trademarks of YSI In-corporated. YouTube is a registered trademark. Teflon is registeredtrademark to DuPont.Specifications are subject to change. Please visit to verify all specs.©2011 YSI IncorporatedPrinted on recycled paper in USAW14-04 0812Scan this QR Code with your smart phone to watch an ordering guide video for the Pro PlusWhat can Xylem do for you?We’re 12,500 people unified in a common purpose: creating innovative solutions to meet our world’s water needs. Developing new technologies that will improve the way water is used, conserved, and re-used in the future is central to our work. We move, treat, analyze, and return water to the environment, and we help people use water efficiently, in their homes, buildings, factories, and farms. In more than 150 countries, we have strong, long-standing relationships with customers who know us for our powerful combination of leading product brands and applications expertise, backed by a legacy of innovation.For more information on how Xylem can help you, go to YSI1700/1725 Brannum Lane Yellow Springs, Ohio 45387 +1 937.767.7241800.765.4974 (US)********************* Connect with YSI:Facebook/myYSITwitter/ysiincScoop.itscoop.it/water-qualityLinkedIn/company/ysiYouTube/ysiincTumblrPinterest/myYSIinstrumentación analítica s.a.Barcelona: 93 478 71 61Madrid: 91 358 88 79www.instru.es。
仪器操作规程YSI多参数水质监测仪操作规程
仪器操作规程YSI多参数水质监测仪操作规程YSI多参数水质监测仪是一种常用的水质监测仪器，广泛应用于环境水质、水处理、水资源管理等领域。
为了保证测试的准确性和安全性，使用YSI多参数水质监测仪时需要遵循以下操作规程。
1.先验条件检查：(1)检查YSI多参数水质监测仪仪器是否处于正常工作状态。
确保仪器外观完好，电源供应稳定。
(2)检查仪器是否已经校准和清洗过，确保仪器所需的传感器在正常工作范围内。
(3)准备测试所需的标准溶液和样品。
2.校准YSI多参数水质监测仪：(1)打开YSI多参数水质监测仪，待仪器初始化完成后，进入校准菜单。
(2)按照仪器说明书的指引，使用标准溶液对仪器进行校准。
根据需要选择多个参数进行校准，如温度、pH、溶解氧等。
(3)完成校准后，保存校准结果并退出校准菜单。
3.进行水质监测：(1)打开YSI多参数水质监测仪，待仪器初始化完成后，进入测量菜单。
(2)根据需要选择所需测试参数，如温度、pH、溶解氧等。
(3)将传感器浸入待测试的水样中，确保传感器与水样接触良好。
(4)等待仪器稳定后，记录测量结果。
需要注意的是，YSI多参数水质监测仪有一定的响应时间，因此应等待测量结果稳定后再记录。
4.清洗和维护：(1)测量结束后，及时将YSI多参数水质监测仪的传感器从水样中取出，并使用纯水清洗，确保传感器表面干净。
(2)定期对YSI多参数水质监测仪进行保养和维护，如更换电池、检查传感器的工作状态等。
(3)注意不要将YSI多参数水质监测仪暴露在强烈的阳光下或潮湿的环境中，以免影响仪器的工作性能和寿命。
5.仪器存储和安全操作：(1)使用完YSI多参数水质监测仪后，将仪器妥善保存。
避免仪器受到撞击、摔落或受到其他物理损伤。
(2)仪器能量供应充足时，请立即关闭YSI多参数水质监测仪，以便延长电池寿命。
(3)注意YSI多参数水质监测仪的使用和保管应遵守相关的安全规定和操作规程。
根据以上操作规程，使用YSI多参数水质监测仪时能够保证测试的准确性和安全性。
YSI水质分析仪使用说明
输出结果 ...1
参数 氨氮 铵氮 氯化物 電导 深度(3個量程选择) 溶解氧 (空气饱和度) 溶解氧 (毫克/升) 硝氮
由以下相关计算出 铵氮，酸度 铵氮，参考，温度 氯化物，参考，温度 电导率 深度，盐度，温度 溶解氧，温度 溶解氧，溫度，盐度 硝氮，参考，温度
输出结果 ...2
参数 氧化还原电位 (Redox) 酸度 电阻率 盐度 比电导度 温度 总溶解固体 (TDS) 浊度 叶绿素 罗丹明 WT
一条接线可连接10台SDI-12設備 每一设备均有一预设专用地址
SDI-12 指令集
SDI-12 接口
Serial Digital Interface，12 伏之缩写 三线: 数据、接地、电源(+12伏直流) 单头多点接线 (single master multi-drop
bus)
1. Conductivity 2. DO % 3. DO mg/L 4. Others
21. UDpirleocatdory
1. (v) Date 2. (v) Time 3. (v) Temp, C 4. ( ) Temp, F
MORE
3. Quick Upload 4. View File 5. Quick View File 6. Delete All Files 7. Test Memory
铵氮、硝氮及氯化物：15 米 浊度、叶绿素及罗丹明 WT：61 米
保护分級：IP68 (水下操作)
使用限制
不要在下列条件下使用
含有大量腐蚀性物质的液体 可能污染任何探头的液体 侵蚀 PVC 及不锈钢的液体
系统准备
探头安装
找出探头安装的位置，把该接口的拴子脫去
YSI Pro20型 溶解氧测量仪
和度
溶解氧 毫克/升
温度 气压
(可选) 200至500%：读数之±6%
0至50毫 克/升
0.01 或ຫໍສະໝຸດ 0.10至20毫克/升：读数之±2% 或 0.2 毫
毫
克/升，以较大者为准；
克/升(可 20至50毫克/升：读数之±6%
选)
-5至55℃ 0.1℃ ±0.3℃
53至133千 帕
0.01千帕
±0.4千帕（温度变化在校准点±15℃之内）
广泛应用于江河、湖泊和海洋的水质测量；应急监测；高校、研究所教学研究，水族馆、水产养殖业水质监测；工业发酵、酿造 以及污水处理等各方面。
主要特点： ·用户可自行更换探头和电缆，野外可选择极谱法或原电池法传感器，实验室可选择自带搅拌的BOD 探头 ·快速反应时间：使用标准膜，8秒即可达到最终值的95％（目前市场上最快的反应时间） ·按下“一键校准”按钮即可在3秒内实现一键式溶解氧校准，并自动获得气压补偿 ·IP67防水等级，电池仓与仪器电路仓各自独立分隔并密封，即使电池仓进水也不影响或损坏仪器电路 ·MS军方接头，快速插拔，防水，连接可靠稳固 ·电缆的接头部位可耐受30万次弯折，经久耐用 ·不锈钢探头保护套，坚固耐撞，更易于沉入水中夜光键盘和背景光显示屏便于在昏暗环境下操作 ·寿命长、耗材少，平均使用成本低 ·可存储50组数据，无需手动记录数据有很多不同长度的带配重电缆可供选择，电缆整理套件更方便了较长电缆的使用 ·超长保修期：主机三年，电缆两年，探头一年
YSI Pro20 主机规格
尺 寸 21.6厘米（长）× 8.3厘米（宽）× 2.3厘米（厚）
重 量 475克（含电池）
电 源 2节2号碱性电池，可工作不低于400小时；低电量指示
电缆
PRO 20型溶解氧仪操作规程
PRO 20型溶解氧仪操作规程
一键校准：
1、使用少量的水将灰色的标准套里的海绵润湿并将其安装到传感器测量杯上。
（校准套应是湿润的但不应含有过多的水以至于使水珠落到膜上；应保持校准套和外部大气保持空气流通）。
2、打开仪器并等待大约5到15分钟以保证校准套完全饱和并使传感器稳定；
3 、保证气压计的读数正确，（如有必要对气压计进行校准）；
4、按下CAL键并保持3秒钟，屏幕显示Calibrating %DO并自动校准。
校准完成后会显示Calibration Successful 几秒钟后表示校准成功然后返回运行菜单。
溶解氧测量：
1、进行测量前确认仪器已经校准过；
2、打开仪器并等待5到15分钟；
3、将探头放到需要进行测量的样本中并快速摇动探头来摇掉气泡；
4、等待温度读数稳定；
5、在样本中搅动探头来克服传感器的搅动依赖性，在水中摇动的速度至少为16㎝/s,在读数上升并稳定之后记录测量结果。
长期低氧对斑马鱼肝脏糖脂代谢的影响
第38卷第3期大连海洋大学学报Vol.38No.3 2023年6月JOURNAL OF DALIAN OCEAN UNIVERSITY June2023DOI:10.16535/ki.dlhyxb.2022-221文章编号:2095-1388(2023)03-0429-09长期低氧对斑马鱼肝脏糖脂代谢的影响王彦欣1,向蒙1,2,陈磊1,2,咸晨微1,2,胡瑞芹3,4,周艳3,4,许强华1,2,3∗(1.上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306;2.大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海201306;3.国家海洋生物科学国际联合研究中心,上海201306;4.水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海201306)摘要:为了解长期低氧对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)肝脏糖脂代谢方面产生的影响,采用显微观察和转录组(RNA-Seq)测序技术,比较了常氧(6.5mg/Lʃ0.2mg/L)与长期低氧胁迫(1.5mg/Lʃ0.2mg/L)下,斑马鱼肝脏组织的显微与超显微结构及转录组变化㊂结果表明:光镜及电镜切片下,长期低氧使斑马鱼肝脏细胞呈现明显空泡化㊁脂质堆积㊁线粒体膨胀及内部结构紊乱等非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fattyliver disease,NAFLD)的病理现象;常氧组和长期低氧组肝脏的转录组比较显示,共筛选出362个显著差异表达基因(DEGs);GO和KEGG富集分析显示,显著差异表达基因富集在碳代谢㊁脂质代谢和PML(promyelocytic leukemia protein)小体等信号通路或类别;相关性分析发现,富集于PML小体的基因与碳代谢㊁脂肪酸代谢相关基因普遍呈正相关性,推测PML小体可能作为一种保护机制起到降低长期低氧对肝脏损伤的作用㊂研究表明,长期低氧会造成斑马鱼肝脏糖脂代谢异常,并诱发肝细胞出现NAFLD的病理现象㊂关键词:斑马鱼;长期低氧;转录组;非酒精性脂肪性肝病;糖脂代谢中图分类号:S917.4;Q71㊀㊀㊀㊀文献标志码:A㊀㊀氧气是动物生存的限制因子,对动物的生长发育及各项生理活动具有重要影响㊂在同一分压下,水体中的氧含量不足陆地空气的1/20,且氧气在水中的扩散速度仅为空气中扩散速度的1/10000[1]㊂因此,水体中的氧气消耗会显著影响水体中的溶解氧(DO)含量㊂随着全球工业化及城市化规模的进一步扩大,人为活动造成的陆源污染物大量排入江河湖海,溶解氧被大量消耗,使世界大面积海域成为溶解氧含量低于2mg/L的低氧区[2]㊂水体含氧量的下降会引起鱼体代谢紊乱㊁氧化应激和组织损伤等一系列应激响应,甚至导致其死亡㊂肝脏作为低氧响应敏感组织而成为研究热点㊂Zhang等[3]在对瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vach-elli)的低氧研究中,通过验证糖酵解相关酶和氧化酶活性,发现低氧可引起肝脏无氧代谢的增强并伴有有氧代谢的抑制㊂对金鱼(Carassius auratus)进行低氧胁迫处理30d后,同样得到了肝脏无氧代谢水平提高的相似结论[4]㊂对军曹鱼(Rachy-centron canadum)研究发现,鱼类肝脏在低氧条件下会出现抗氧化酶活性及抗氧化防护能力降低的状况[5]㊂目前,低氧胁迫相关研究普遍集中于急性或短期低氧研究,而长期低氧胁迫对鱼类肝脏糖脂代谢的研究鲜见报道㊂已有研究表明,低氧环境是诱导产生非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)的重要因素[6]㊂对于NAFLD的发病机制,主要有两种假说:一是Day等[7]在1998年提出的 二次打击 学说,即脂质代谢紊乱和胰岛素抵抗对肝脏造成一定损伤后,引发氧化应激,进一步加重肝脏损伤;二是近年来形成的 多重打击 学说[8],即NAFLD是由胰岛素抵抗㊁脂肪组织分泌的激素㊁营养因素㊁肠道微生物群及遗传等多种因素共同作用导致的㊂而长期低氧与NAFLD 的联系,以及长期低氧诱发NAFLD的分子机制等相关问题,迄今均尚未解决㊂转录组测序技术具有高通量㊁高准确性和可重复性的优势,已为水生动物生长发育㊁抗病免疫和环境应激等方面的研究提供了有力工具[9]㊂本研究中,针对长期低氧条件下的斑马鱼(Danio re-rio),通过分析其肝脏转录组水平变化,并结合光㊀收稿日期:2022-07-16㊀基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2400800);国家自然科学基金(31772826,31572598)㊀作者简介:王彦欣(2000 ),女,本科生㊂E-mail:wyx_589@向蒙(1996 ),女,硕士研究生㊂E-mail:1246059818@㊂王彦欣与向蒙为共同第一作者㊂㊀通信作者:许强华(1978 ),女,博士,教授㊂E-mail:qhxu@镜和电镜观察,从宏观和微观角度,探究长期低氧对斑马鱼肝脏结构及糖脂代谢功能的影响,长期低氧胁迫与NAFLD相关性,以及斑马鱼应对长期低氧环境的适应机制,以期为深度挖掘鱼类的低氧适应机制提供科学参考㊂1㊀材料与方法1.1㊀材料试验样本为大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室培育多代的野生型斑马鱼(WT),培育水温为28ħ,光照周期为12Dʒ12L㊂1.2㊀方法1.2.1㊀试验设计㊀本研究中试验方案由上海海洋大学科学伦理委员会授权(SHOU-DW-20171022)㊂低氧条件通过不断向水中注入氮气来实现㊂使用便携式溶解氧仪(YSI Pro20)定期测量DO水平㊂根据先前对斑马鱼的缺氧研究[10],本试验中设置长期低氧组和常氧组,DO质量浓度分别为(1.5ʃ0.2)㊁(6.5ʃ0.2)mg/L㊂所有样本由同一对亲本繁殖,并将受精卵随机平均分为两组,每组养殖斑马鱼20尾㊂驯化6个月后取斑马鱼各15尾,于冰上麻醉后解剖取其肝脏组织㊂以3尾斑马鱼作为一个试验单位进行后续试验,在转录组及实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)试验中,每组样本设置3个重复㊂N-1㊁N-2和N-3分别表示常氧组的3个生物学重复;H-1㊁H-2和H-3分别表示低氧组的3个生物学重复㊂1.2.2㊀光镜和电镜观察㊀分别从常氧组与长期低氧组取3尾斑马鱼,麻醉后解剖取其肝脏组织,并固定于体积分数为4%的多聚甲醛溶液中㊂经石蜡包埋㊁切片后进行HE(Hematoxylin-Eosin)染色,分别在100倍和200倍放大镜下观察肝脏的细胞形态㊂1.2.3㊀RNA的提取、cDNA文库建立和测序㊀分别从常氧组与长期低氧组中取9尾斑马鱼,每组将3尾斑马鱼的肝脏组织混合为一个样本,共设3个生物学重复㊂使用Trizol RNA抽提试剂盒(Invitro-gen,Carlsbad,CA,USA)提取每个样本的总RNA㊂利用生物分析仪系统评估RNA的完整性和浓度(OD260nm/OD280nm的范围为1.8~2.1)㊂使用文库制备试剂盒(VAHTS Stranded mRNA-seq Li-brary Prep Kit,Illumina)构建cDNA文库㊂利用Illumina hiseqtm2000测序仪(San Diego,CA, USA)分别对两组的3个平行样本进行转录组测序㊂采用双端测序,测序分析的读取长度为150bp㊂1.2.4㊀差异基因分析㊀通过Trimmomatic0.33软件获得双端clean reads㊂具体参数:AVGQUAL为20,TRAILING为20,MINEN为50㊂利用HISAT2将所有的clean reads映射到参考基因序列(ht-tp:///pub/release-105/gtf/danio_ rerio/)[11]㊂以GRCz11作为参考基因组㊂在Cufflinks软件的默认设置下,计算每个样本的基因表达水平,以确定每个基因每千个碱基转录物中每百万个映射片段的reads(fragments per kilobase of exon model per million,FPKM)㊂利用EdgeR3.26.8软件筛选常氧组和低氧组之间肝脏组织中的差异基因㊂以|log2(fold change)|>1和adjusted P<0.002作为差异基因筛选标准㊂为防止多次平行试验中出现较高的错误发现率(false discovery rate,FDR),试验还对FDR控制的q值进行了计算,并进一步剔除q>0.05的差异基因㊂利用R软件中的ClusterProfiler包进行基于超几何分布计算的GO功能富集和KEGG通路富集分析[12]㊂1.2.5㊀实时荧光定量PCR验证㊀为验证RNA-Seq 分析结果,随机选取6个差异基因进行RT-qPCR 验证,将靶基因的表达水平标准化为β-肌动蛋白的表达,每个基因进行3个生物学重复和3个技术重复㊂总RNA提取自常氧组和长期低氧组的斑马鱼肝脏组织㊂按照反转录试剂盒(北京擎科生物科技有限公司)说明书步骤操作,以RNA合成的cDNA作为RT-qPCR的模板㊂采用2ˑT5快速qPCR混合试剂盒(SYBR Green,北京擎科生物科技有限公司)在cfx96荧光定量PCR仪(BioRad, Hercules,CA,USA)上对基因进行定量分析㊂PCR反应过程:95ħ下预变性1min;95ħ下循环变性10s,56ħ下退火复性10s,共进行40个循环㊂采用2-әәCt方法计算每个样本的相对表达量[13]㊂使用Microsoft Excel软件进行Pearson相关分析,以评估RNA-Seq数据与RT-qPCR测量之间的关系强度㊂相关引物的详细信息见表1㊂1.3㊀数据处理试验结果均以平均值ʃ标准差(meanʃS.D.)表示㊂采用R4.1.3软件进行数据统计及相关性分析,显著性水平设为0.05,极显著水平设为0.01㊂2㊀结果与分析2.1㊀斑马鱼肝脏组织的光镜观察常氧组斑马鱼的肝脏细胞平滑,呈多角形,排034大连海洋大学学报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第38卷表1㊀试验所用引物Tab.1㊀Primers used in this study基因gene登录号accession No.引物序列(5ᶄ-3ᶄ)primer sequence(5ᶄ-3ᶄ)产物长度/bp lengthldha NM_131246.1F:AGATGGTGGTTGACAGTGCATR:TACCCAGAATGCAAGGCACA195 acat2NM_131370.2F:ACCACATGGGAATCACAGCGR:ACCTCGACTGGACCTTTCCT175 pkma XM_009293364.2F:TATCCATCCGCGTGCCTTTGR:GAGGAGACTGGTAATATCCTGCT133 abhd3NM_001004569.2F:TCCCCCAATCACGCTATTCCR:CGGTCCATGTAGGTGCTCTG131 gpx1b NM_001004634.2F:CCAGTTCGGCTATCAGGAAAR:CTCATCGCTTGGGAAGGGAA181 cyp27b1NM_001311791.1F:CTTCGGTCTGGAAGGCATCTR:CAGAAGGTGTCCCAGGGTTT186β-actin NM_131031.2F:CACTGAGGCTCCCCTGAATCR:GGGTCACACCATCACCAGAG167列整齐,细胞核多呈圆形,位于细胞中央(图1A);大量肝血窦存在于肝脏细胞之间,血窦内可见大量红细胞分布,部分肝脏细胞质内有外表光滑而明亮的圆形脂滴(图1B)㊂而长期低氧组斑马鱼肝脏细胞外形不规则,杂乱排列,多数细胞出现空泡化,部分细胞出现气球样变,细胞核偏离细胞中央,贴近细胞膜(图1C);部分肝脏细胞出现核萎缩(图1D),肝血窦数量减少,血窦内仅有少量红细胞分布,并出现少量炎性细胞浸润现象(图1D,Ⅶ)㊂2.2㊀斑马鱼肝脏组织的电镜观察对比长期低氧组和常氧组斑马鱼肝脏的电镜切片后发现,长期低氧对肝细胞形态和内部细胞器结构均有较大影响,并呈现较大差异㊂常氧组斑马鱼的肝脏细胞大小匀称㊁形状规则㊁排列整齐,细胞核一般分布于细胞中心(图2A);细胞膜光滑,细胞器结构清晰,均匀分布在细胞质内(图2B);滑面内质网大量分布于细胞膜附近,呈片层状排列(图2C),线粒体呈棒状或椭球形分布在粗面内质网附近,双层膜结构清晰可辨,线粒体内嵴较多且排列整齐(图2C)㊂而低氧组斑马鱼的肝脏细胞外形不规则,多数细胞核偏离细胞中心位置,贴近细胞膜,细胞质基质中出现多个大面积亮区(图2D);细胞膜粗糙,有明显不规则突起,细胞器结构不清晰且分布不均(图2E);滑面内质网排列杂乱,线粒体明显膨胀为球形,内部结构模糊;同时,与过氧化物合成代谢密切相关的过氧化物酶体数量也A 常氧组;B A图中方框的局部放大;C 长期低氧组;D C图中的局部放大㊂Ⅰ 细胞核,Ⅱ 肝血窦,Ⅲ 红细胞,Ⅳ 圆形脂滴,Ⅴ 空泡化的肝细胞,Ⅵ 萎缩的肝细胞核,Ⅶ 炎性细胞浸润㊂A normoxia group;B enlargement of the box in the Fig.A;C long-term hypoxia group;D enlargement of the box in the Fig.C.Ⅰ nucleus,Ⅱ hepatic blood sinusoid,Ⅲ red blood cell,Ⅳ round lipid droplet,Ⅴ vacuolated hepatocytes,Ⅵ atrophied hepatocyte nuclei,Ⅶ inflammatory cell infiltration.图1㊀长期低氧组和常氧组斑马鱼肝脏组织形态(HE染色) Fig.1㊀Histomorphology of the liver of Danio rerio in the long-term hypoxia acclimated and the normoxiagroups(HE staining)明显上升,其多分布于线粒体和内质网附近(图2F)㊂结合光镜结果发现,低氧组斑马鱼肝脏细胞存在较多的脂质堆积和明显的脂肪性病变㊂2.3㊀长期低氧造成的基因表达差异对两组斑马鱼肝脏样品测序分别得到3个转录组数据:18.1㊁11.2㊁12.6Gbp(低氧组)和8.3㊁9.0㊁7.2Gbp(常氧组)㊂经过数据分析和质量过滤后分别得到967100㊁1358991㊁1478980个clean reads(低氧组)和1023145㊁1167706㊁783363个clean reads(常氧组)㊂表达基因数共13966个㊂以log2(fold change)>1和P<0.002为标准进行差异基因筛选,长期低氧组与常氧组斑马鱼肝脏组织中共筛选出差异表达基因362个,其中,203个基因上调,159个基因下调㊂对差异基因进行主成分分析显示,通过PC1成分的正负值即可将常氧组与长期低氧组的差异基因完全区分开㊂这表明,不同处理组间的差异基因表达存在显著性差异,且长期低氧组中3个样本的分布较常氧组更为分散(图3),这可能是由于不同个体对长期低氧环境适应能力有所差异导致㊂134第3期王彦欣,等:长期低氧对斑马鱼肝脏糖脂代谢的影响A~C 常氧组;D~F 长期低氧组㊂Ⅰ 肝细胞核;Ⅱ 肝糖原;Ⅲ 粗面内质网;Ⅳ 滑面内质网;Ⅴ 线粒体;Ⅵ 过氧化物酶体㊂A-C normoxia group;D-F long-term hypoxia group.Ⅰ hepatocyte nucleus;Ⅱ liver glycogen;Ⅲ rough endoplasmic reticulum;Ⅳ smooth endoplasmic reticulum;Ⅴ mitochondrion;Ⅵ peroxisome.图2㊀长期低氧组和常氧组斑马鱼肝脏细胞的超显微结构Fig.2㊀Ultrastructure of the liver of Danio rerio in the long-term hypoxia acclimated and the normoxiagroups图3㊀PCA主成分分析Fig.3㊀Principal component analysis(PCA)2.4㊀基因富集分析GO富集分析显示,362个差异基因共富集到2个主要功能类别:生物过程(biological process, BP)和细胞成分(cellular component,CC),分别包括16和2个子类别㊂在生物过程类别中,差异基因在一元羧酸代谢过程(GO:0032787)㊁脂质生物合成过程(GO:0008610)㊁有机酸转运(GO:0015849)㊁低氧应激(GO:0001666)㊁对氧气水平降低的相应(GO:0036293)和羧酸转运(GO:0046942)等中等显著富集;在细胞成分类别中,差异基因仅在PML小体(GO:0016605)和膜的外在成分(GO:0019898)中等显著富集(图4),其中,PML小体相关基因表现为极显著富集㊂对203个上调和159个下调的差异基因进行KEGG分析,下调差异基因中未得到富集通路,上调差异基因主要富集于6条表达显著上调的通路中,包括碳代谢㊁脂肪酸代谢㊁谷胱甘肽代谢㊁丙酮酸代谢㊁PPAR信号通路和胰岛素信号通路(图5)㊂图4㊀GO富集分析Fig.4㊀GO enrichment analysis㊀㊀对各组基因表达量进行均一化处理后分别绘制这6条通路的表达热图(图6)㊂富集途径主要涉及信号转导和糖脂代谢,与GO富集分析结果一致,碳代谢和脂肪酸代谢通路富集程度明显,且所占基因比率较大,分别有9个和7个基因富集于这两个通路㊂根据GO和KEGG富集结果发现,长期低氧胁迫对斑马鱼肝脏的影响主要集中于碳代谢㊁脂肪酸代谢和PML小体类别(图4㊁图5),这3条234大连海洋大学学报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第38卷图5㊀KEGG 通路富集分析Fig.5㊀KEGG enrichment pathway analysis主要富集通路中的关键差异基因如表2所示,从低氧与常氧的读数比值可见,两条代谢通路中的基因表达量均显著上调,且P 值均远小于0.05的显著性水平,故试验结果具有可靠性㊂2.5㊀PML 小体的富集PML 小体由早幼粒细胞白血病蛋白(promye-locytic leukemia protein,PML)装配,集中存在于细胞核中,作为一种肿瘤抑制蛋白,与细胞的衰老密切相关㊂长期低氧引起了PML 小体的GO 显著富集(图4),为探究PML 小体富集原因,分别对富集于此类别的基因(tp 53inp 1㊁hipk 3a ㊁hipk 3b㊁图6㊀KEGG 通路的热图分析Fig.6㊀Heat map analysis of KEGG pathwayssi :ch 211-260e 23.9和ppargc 1a )与碳代谢相关基因和脂肪酸代谢相关基因进行相关性分析,涉及相关性检测的基因见表2㊂在PML 小体与碳代谢的相关性分析中,PML 小体相关基因与碳代谢相关基因普遍呈现较强的正相关关系(图7(a))㊂其中,hipk 3b 与控制线粒体氧化的pkma ㊁hibch 基因呈显著负相关(P <0.05),表明其与线粒体内能量代谢过程有拮抗关系;ppargc 1a ㊁hipk 3a 与碳代谢相关基因多数达到相关性系数>0.5的正相关关系,这两个基因均与维持细胞葡萄糖稳态的hkdc 1基因呈极显著正相关关系(P <0.01);si :ch 211-260e 23.9除与碳代谢相关基因间多数形成显著正相关关系外,与me 1㊁g 6pd 和gpd 等控制糖代谢中脱氢酶类活化的基因存在极显著正相关(P <0.01)(图7(a))㊂在PML 小体与脂肪酸代谢的相关分析中,PML 小体相关基因与脂质代谢相关基因同样普遍呈现较强的正相关关系(图7(b))㊂其中,hipk 3a 与脂质代谢相关基因的相关性较强,且与脂肪合成相关基因scd 和elovl 2呈显著正相关(P <0.05);si :ch 211-260e 23.9与脂质代谢相关基因普遍形成正相关关系,且均与脂肪酸合成相关基因acsbg 2㊁acaca 呈极显著正相关(P <0.01)(图7(b))㊂2.6㊀转录组数据的RT-qPCR 验证利用RT-qPCR 随机验证了6个差异基因的表达情况㊂在这些随机选择的差异基因中RT-qPCR 结果与RNA-seq 结果具有相似的表达情况(图8)㊂RT-qPCR 和RNA-seq 数据间的Pearson 相关系数(R )为0.92(R ȡ0.7时,两个变量之间有较强的相关性),表明本研究中的转录组数据具有可靠性,筛选出的差异基因具有准确性㊂334第3期王彦欣,等:长期低氧对斑马鱼肝脏糖脂代谢的影响图7㊀PML小体与碳代谢、脂肪酸代谢的Pearson相关性分析Fig.7㊀Pearson correlation analysis of PML body with the carbon metabolism and fatty acid metabolism 表2㊀3个显著富集通路/类别中涉及的差异基因Tab.2㊀List of DEGs involved in the three significantly en-riched pathways or terms功能function基因gene基因IDgene ID低氧读数hypoxiaread常氧读数normalread低氧/常氧hypoxia/normalP值Pvalue碳代谢carbon metabolism acat2ENSDARG0000000712710.68 1.208.925.0ˑ10-5 pgd ENSDARG0000001534324.30 5.69 4.275.0ˑ10-5 idh1ENSDARG0000002537543.6116.54 2.645.0ˑ10-5 hkdc1ENSDARG00000038703 2.330.65 3.589.0ˑ10-4 me1ENSDARG0000005321557.978.61 6.735.0ˑ10-5 hibch ENSDARG000000548677.30 3.12 2.349.5ˑ10-4 g6pd ENSDARG000000710657.58 2.98 2.542.5ˑ10-4 pkma ENSDARG000000997307.10 2.62 2.714.5ˑ10-4 ogdhb ENSDARG00000103428 6.83 1.89 3.615.0ˑ10-5脂肪酸代谢fatty acid metabolism acsbg2ENSDARG00000004094 2.090.85 2.471.8ˑ10-3 acat2ENSDARG0000000712710.68 1.208.925.0ˑ10-5 scd ENSDARG0000003366234.67 1.3825.185.0ˑ10-5 elovl2ENSDARG0000004541449.6814.90 3.335.0ˑ10-5 elovl8b ENSDARG000000573659.06 3.12 2.901.8ˑ10-5 acaca ENSDARG0000007851222.648.83 2.565.0ˑ10-4 fasn ENSDARG000000876579.70 1.40 6.935.0ˑ10-5PML 小体PML body tp53inp1ENSDARG0000002801724.6371.990.344.0ˑ10-4 hipk3a ENSDARG000000624697.04 3.15 2.232.0ˑ10-4 hipk3b ENSDARG000000620820.63 2.540.251.5ˑ10-4 ppargc1a ENSDARG00000067829 5.27 1.50 3.515.0ˑ10-5 si:ch211-260e23.9ENSDARG0000010257245.209.83 4.605.00ˑ10-53㊀讨论3.1㊀长期低氧与NAFLD的关系大量研究表明,间歇性缺氧导致的组织缺氧可能引起胰岛素抵抗㊁肝脏脂质代谢功能障碍和肝脏图8㊀差异基因在RNA-seq和RT-qPCR中的表达比较Fig.8㊀Trends of differentially expressed genes in RNA-seq and RT-qPCR脂肪病变等不良影响,且均与NAFLD的形成有关,慢性间歇性低氧已成为NAFLD发生发展的独立危险因素[14]㊂肝脏作为机体能量代谢的重要场所,肝细胞内富含大量与糖代谢有关的线粒体,以及与蛋白质㊁脂质代谢有关的内质网等细胞器㊂本研究中,长期低氧胁迫的斑马鱼肝脏中出现大量脂质堆积,线粒体结构明显受损,过氧化物酶体显著增加,说明长期低氧影响了斑马鱼肝脏脂质及糖类的正常代谢,大量过氧化物酶体的出现则说明肝脏细胞中有大量过氧化物积累,符合NAFLD的病理特征㊂由此推测,长期低氧容易诱发NAFLD的形成㊂3.2㊀长期低氧诱发NAFLD的分子机制3.2.1㊀长期低氧造成肝脏脂质积累和胰岛素抵抗的产生㊀Day等[7]研究发现,由脂质积累和胰岛素抵抗引起的氧化应激和脂质过氧化及其相互作用,是引发NAFLD的主要原因㊂鱼类暴露于低氧环境时呼吸代谢最先受到影响㊂在低氧环境对水生434大连海洋大学学报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第38卷生物呼吸代谢的影响研究中,急性低氧和长期低氧方面均有涉及㊂在急性低氧(2mg/L)暴露的最初24h内,大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)的有氧代谢受到抑制,无氧代谢增强,24h后无氧代谢逐渐减弱[15]㊂持续30d的慢性低氧胁迫后发现,乳酸脱氢酶含量在金鱼体内显著上升,无氧代谢增强[4]㊂Borowiec等[16]将鳉(Fundulus heteroclitus)分为急性低氧组㊁持续低氧组和间歇低氧组进行试验,发现在胁迫的18h内,仅急性低氧组肝脏中乳酸含量显著上升㊂本研究中,KEGG富集分析发现,碳代谢和丙酮酸代谢通路相关基因显著上调(图6(a)㊁(b))㊂丙酮酸通路中的关键物质丙酮酸经过无氧呼吸后还原为乳酸,其中,激活L-乳酸脱氢酶活性的ldha基因明显上调,表明斑马鱼为适应长期低氧环境,依靠主动提高无氧代谢以减少氧气的消耗㊂乳酸脱氢酶能催化丙酮酸成为乳酸,该酶被认为是无氧呼吸的标志酶,其活力大小在一定程度上反映了无氧代谢的高低[17]㊂无氧呼吸产生大量乳酸,使组织中H+浓度升高,pH降低,产生的活性氧自由基(ROS)会攻击线粒体,抑制线粒体β氧化,导致线粒体功能紊乱㊂有研究表明,长期低氧会导致细胞内线粒体呼吸链受阻,这与本研究结果一致[18]㊂本研究中,GO富集分析发现,促进乳酸代谢与一元羧酸代谢相关的abat㊁acat2㊁pgd㊁idh1等基因显著上调,表明长期无氧呼吸造成大量乳酸堆积,机体通过增强一元羧酸的转运,提高乳酸代谢速率,以缓解乳酸堆积㊂尽管如此,鱼体也难以保持组织内部的稳态环境,正如电镜中观察到的大多数线粒体受ROS攻击后出现了功能障碍的外在表现,即线粒体外形膨胀呈球形㊁内部混浊嵴排列杂乱且结构不清晰(图2)㊂肝脏是脂质代谢的重要场所,其含有的肝糖原和脂质是机体能量的主要来源,也是受到外界环境胁迫后最先做出响应的器官之一㊂肝脏细胞线粒体β氧化障碍,影响了细胞对脂肪酸的摄取㊁利用和分解代谢,进一步造成了细胞内脂质和游离脂肪酸的堆积㊂这一点在本研究中也得到了验证(图2), KEGG富集分析也发现,胰岛素信号通路显著上调(图6(c))㊂已有研究证明,线粒体功能障碍与胰岛素抵抗密切相关[19]㊂正常状态下,胰岛素促进肝脏脂肪合成,同时抑制糖异生进而降低肝脏葡萄糖产生;胰岛素抵抗状态下,糖异生途径对正常分泌的胰岛素不敏感,胰岛素抑制肝脏葡萄糖产生的作用降低导致肝脏葡萄糖积累,而肝脏脂肪合成仍保持较高水平[20-21],宏观表现在肝脏细胞中脂质大量积累㊂综上,长期低氧胁迫的斑马鱼肝脏细胞中线粒体β氧化过程受到抑制,导致脂质代谢异常,造成脂质积累,进而导致胰岛素抵抗,加剧脂质堆积,胰岛素抵抗与脂质代谢相互促进㊁相互影响,造成了诱发NAFLD的最初原因㊂3.2.2㊀长期低氧促使氧化应激和脂质过氧化的形成㊀肝细胞中脂质的积累削弱了线粒体的氧化能力,增加了电子传递链复合物的还原状态,并刺激脂肪氧化的过氧化物酶体途径,形成氧化应激和脂质过氧化㊂大量ROS的产生是引起肝脏氧化应激的主要原因㊂肝脏在经过胰岛素抵抗等的一次打击后,肝脏中大量脂质㊁游离脂肪酸无法被及时代谢并造成堆积,成为进一步的氧化应激源[22]㊂本研究PPAR富集通路中,与激活PPAR-α受体相关的基因fabp2和fabp7a显著上调(图6(e)),表明PPAR-α受体被激活㊂过量的游离脂肪酸激活PPAR-α受体,增加脂肪酸β氧化,以减轻过量脂肪酸对机体的毒害作用㊂这一过程已经在Alvares 等[23]对人类血浆和CHO细胞的研究,以及Gao 等[24]利用HepG2细胞对人参皂苷Rg1(G-Rg1)的研究中得到验证㊂但脂肪酸β氧化活性上升,造成ROS大量积累,超出机体的抗氧化能力[25]㊂本研究中,gpx1b㊁gstt1b和anpepb等抗氧化基因上调(图6(f)),也表明斑马鱼肝脏组织中存在氧化应激㊂但Yao等[26]研究发现,PPAR受体的激活促进肝脂肪酸β氧化,从而改善肝脂质沉积,减轻NAFLD的病理改变,这与本研究的结果不同㊂推测此差异可能与长期低氧胁迫环境有关㊂本研究中,长达数月的低氧胁迫造成的脂质堆积已经难以通过PPAR受体的激活得到明显缓解,进而造成了ROS的积累㊂因此,由长期低氧造成的脂质积累产生的大量游离脂肪酸作为ROS的重要来源进一步加重了肝脏的氧化应激损伤㊂脂质过氧化是由ROS攻击多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)引发,并产生MDA等过氧化物[26]㊂受到PPAR-α调节,具有单饱和脂肪酸的合成和长链脂肪酸去饱和作用的scd基因上调(图6(e)),增加了PUFA的数量,使其更易与大量的ROS进行氧化分解产生过氧化产物,造成脂质过氧化,与氧化应激一同构成诱导NAFLD发病的第二次打击㊂综上,长期低氧胁迫下,斑马鱼肝脏糖脂代谢受到显著影响,大量积累的脂质加重了肝脏细胞氧化应激和脂质过氧化程度,对肝脏造成严重损伤,出现了NAFLD的病理化反应,并诱发NAFLD的形成㊂534第3期王彦欣,等:长期低氧对斑马鱼肝脏糖脂代谢的影响3.3㊀肝脏对长期低氧的适应PML装配PML小体,作为一种与细胞衰老密切相关的肿瘤抑制蛋白,目前多集中在对乳腺癌[27]㊁肺癌[28]和肝癌[29]等癌症的抑制作用相关研究中㊂虽然PML在细胞代谢中的作用尚不明确,但也值得关注㊂Kim等[30]研究表明,PML可抑制脂肪生成,PML缺失的小鼠体内产生脂肪堆积㊂Carracedo等[31]也指出,PML在激活脂肪酸氧化途径中发挥积极作用,推测其可能缓解由脂肪变性引起的机体损伤㊂本研究中发现,KEGG富集通路中涉及的碳代谢和脂肪酸代谢相关基因与PML小体类别下的si:ch211-260e23.9和hipk3a基因均有较强的正相关关系(图7),这与上述研究结果一致㊂由此推测,PML小体的显著富集可能是斑马鱼肝脏适应长期低氧环境,减轻无氧呼吸和脂质积累对机体造成严重损伤的一种自我调控机制㊂4㊀结论1)长期低氧胁迫下斑马鱼肝脏结构呈现出肝脏细胞空泡化㊁脂质积累,以及线粒体外形膨胀为球形且内部结构紊乱等病理特征㊂2)转录组学分析显示,长期低氧引起大量上调的差异基因富集于碳代谢和脂肪酸代谢通路,同时引起PML小体类别的富集㊂3)综合肝脏结构及转录组学分析结果,长期低氧可能通过影响肝脏正常的糖脂代谢而诱发NAFLD产生㊂同时PML小体类别也在长期低氧斑马鱼肝脏中显著富集,说明其可能是斑马鱼适应长期低氧环境㊁减轻机体损伤的一种自我保护机制㊂参考文献:[1]㊀BERNARDS J A.Principles of comparative respiratory physiology[J].European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,1976,6(2): 85-86.[2]㊀DIAZ R J,ROSENBERG R.Spreading dead zones and conse-quences for marine ecosystems[J].Science,2008,321(5891): 926-929.[3]㊀ZHANG G S,ZHAO C,WANG Q T,et al.Identification of HIF-1signaling pathway in Pelteobagrus vachelli using RNA-Seq:effects of acute hypoxia and reoxygenation on oxygen sensors,respiratory metabolism,and hematology indices[J].Journal of Comparative Physiology B,Biochemical,Systemic,and Environmental Physiolo-gy,2017,187(7):931-943.[4]㊀THORAL E,FARHAT E,ROUSSEL D,et al.Different patterns ofchronic hypoxia lead to hierarchical adaptive mechanisms in gold-fish metabolism[J].The Journal of Experimental Biology,2022,225(1):jeb243194.[5]㊀李洪娟,陈刚,郭志雄,等.军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)幼鱼对环境低氧胁迫氧化应激与能量利用指标的响应[J].海洋学报,2020,42(4):12-19.㊀㊀㊀LI H J,CHEN G,GUO Z X,et al.Oxidative stress and energy uti-lization responses of juvenile cobia(Rachycentron canadum)to environmental hypoxia stress[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2020, 42(4):12-19.(in Chinese)[6]㊀PARIKH M P,GUPTA N M,MCCULLOUGH A J.Obstructivesleep apnea and the liver[J].Clinics in Liver Disease,2019,23(2):363-382.[7]㊀DAY C P,JAMES O F.Steatohepatitis:a tale of two hits?[J].Gastroenterology,1998,114(4):842-845.[8]㊀BUZZETTI E,PINZANI M,TSOCHATZIS E A.The multiple-hitpathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)[J].Metabolism:Clinical and Experimental,2016,65(8):1038-1048.[9]㊀XING H J,CHEN J Q,PENG M Q,et al.Identification of signalpathways for immunotoxicity in the spleen of common carp exposed to chlorpyrifos[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2019, 182:109464.[10]㊀FENG J F,GUO Y,GAO Y F,et al.Effects of hypoxia on thephysiology of zebrafish(Danio rerio):initial responses,acclima-tion and recovery[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contaminationand Toxicology,2016,96(1):43-48.[11]㊀KIM D,LANGMEAD B,SALZBERG S L.HISAT:a fast splicedaligner with low memory requirements[J].Nature Methods,2015,12(4):357-360.[12]㊀DAI J J,ZHOU W B,WANG B.Identification of crucial genes as-sociated with lung adenocarcinoma by bioinformatic analysis[J].Medicine,2020,99(44):e23052.[13]㊀LIVAK K J,SCHMITTGEN T D.Analysis of relative gene expres-sion data using real-time quantitative PCR and the2(-Delta Del-ta C(T))method[J].Methods,2001,25(4):402-408. [14]㊀MESARWI O A,LOOMBA R,MALHOTRA A.Obstructive sleepapnea,hypoxia,and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J].AmericanJournal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,2019,199(7):830-841.[15]㊀DING J,LIU C,LUO S Y,et al.Transcriptome and physiology a-nalysis identify key metabolic changes in the liver of the largeyellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea)in response to acute hypoxi-a[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2020,189:109957.[16]㊀BOROWIEC B G,MCCLELLAND G B,REES B B,et al.Distinctmetabolic adjustments arise from acclimation to constant hypoxiaand intermittent hypoxia in estuarine killifish(Fundulus hetero-clitus)[J].The Journal of Experimental Biology,2018,221(Pt23):jeb190900.[17]㊀MIAO P,SHENG S L,SUN X G,et ctate dehydrogenase Ain cancer:a promising target for diagnosis and therapy[J].IUB-MB Life,2013,65(11):904-910.[18]㊀MODICA-NAPOLITANO J S,SINGH K K.Mitochondrial dys-function in cancer[J].Mitochondrion,2004,4(5/6):755-762.[19]㊀SHULMAN G I.Cellular mechanisms of insulin resistance[J].634大连海洋大学学报㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀第38卷。
YSI说明书
用户手册Item # 605596Rev ADrawing # A605596August 2007©2007 YSI Inc氧化还原电位orated.YSI 标识是YSI的注册商标。
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目录质量保证 (i)简介 ............................................................................ (1)开始 ............................................................................ .. (1)初始检查 .................................................................... (1)电池的安装 .................................................................... (1)设置 .................................................................... (2)键盘 .................................................................... (6)主要显示屏幕 .................................................................... (8)菜单设置..................................................................... (8)字母/数字输入 .................................................................... (9)设置 ............................................................................ .. (10)系统 .................................................................... (10)参数：设置、显示、自稳定和校准 (19)温度 ............................................ (19)溶解氧 (DO) (20)设置–溶解氧 (20)显示–溶解氧 ..............................................22自稳定–溶解氧 (23)校准–溶解氧 (24)气压计 ............................................................... .. (27)显示–气压计 ...........................................................27校准 - 气压计 (28)电导率 ............................................. (29)设置 -电导率 (29)显示 -电导率......................................................30自稳定 -电导率 (31)校准 -电导率 (32)pH (35)设置 - pH (35)显示 - pH (36)自稳定 - pH (36)校准 - pH (37)氧化还原电位 .................................................................... (39)设置 - 氧化还原电位 ............................................................... (40)显示 - 氧化还原电位................................................................ (40)自稳定 - 氧化还原电位 ..............................................................41校准 - 氧化还原电位 ..............................................................42铵、硝酸盐、氯化物 (43)设置 -铵、硝酸盐、氯化物 (43)显示 -铵、硝酸盐、氯化物 (44)自稳定 -铵、硝酸盐、氯化物 (44)校准 -铵、硝酸盐、氯化物 (45)进行测量 ................................................................................ (49)溶解氧 ........................................................................ (49)电导率 ........................................................................ (49)pH/氧化还原电位 (50)铵、硝酸盐、氯化物 (50)文件和现场清单 ................................................................................ (51)文件内存 ........................................................................ (51)查阅文件 ........................................................................ . (51)现场清单 ........................................................................ .. (52)文件夹 .................................................................... (53)删除数据 .................................................................... (53)使用通讯鞍座 (53)Data Manager 电脑软件 (54)帮助 ............................................................................ .. (56)保养、维护和存储 (56)一般性维护 .................................................................... (56)传感器维护..................................................................... (58)传感器存储 .................................................................... (65)故障排除 ............................................................................ . (67)错误信息 .................................................................... (67)溶解氧 .................................................................... (68)恢复缺省设置 (69)附件 / 元件编号 (71)一致性声明 ............................................................................ .. 77重复利用 ............................................................................ . (78)联系信息 ............................................................................ (79)订货和技术支持 (79)服务信息 .................................................................... (79)本页空白质量保证YSI Professional Plus 仪器质保期为自最终用户采购之日起三(3)年，保证范围为任何材质和工艺的缺陷，不包括电池和有问题的电池造成的损伤。
仪器操作规程YSI多参数水质监测仪操作规程
YSI多参数水质监测仪操作规程40.1安装（1）将ECOWA TCH软件安装在电脑。
（2）按标准步骤，安装传感器。
传感器的O型圈必须涂薄薄一层硅油，调整好传感器和主机底口的传感器的接口，轻轻用手插到位，仔细紧固传感器的螺丝，用手紧固到位，不要用工具紧固。
（3）若有光学传感器，先安装光学传感器，保留光学传感器的黑色橡胶帽，以免该传感器头因安装碰撞。
（4）DO传感器先安装DO膜，5775的组件内有白色瓶KCL请用蒸馏水稀释到该瓶的肩部，摇匀，静止15分钟，再取膜安装传感器，DO膜内应无气泡，无浊物，膜无皱纹。
（5）安装电池在电池仓(2号碱性电池，最好使用进口电池)，特别注意，涂硅油作好防水。
（6）带好保护套，校正杯(运输杯)内确保存有淡水。
（7）连接现场电缆到仪器，注意在仪器的连接端的金属内有一O型圈，必须涂硅油，拧好连接的丝，不必太用力。
（8）连接6095B到计算机的COM口，在COMM图标处，点击，出现设置。
COMM 口设置，选择安装的COMM口。
通讯设置如下:BAUT RA TE:9600，BITS 8，STOP BITS 1，PARITY NONE（9）打开ECOWA TCH的文件，双击带鞭图标，选择恰当COMM口，确定OK，出现#，输入MENU，回车进入主菜单。
输入1----RUN---DISCRETE SAMPLE----START SAMPLING，观察数据的稳定性。
稳定后安装完毕。
40.2校正(一) 电导（1）电导传感器校正应选择恰当的标准电导液，注意电导单位。
（2）从主菜单-----进入CALIBERATE----CONDUCTIVITY，选SP CONDUCTIVITY，回车。
（3）选择恰当的电导液(1MS/CM，10MS/CM，50MS/CM)。
（4）注意校正杯的清洁，电导液应淹没电导传感器的中间圆形口。
（5）输入准确的数值。
（6）读数稳定后，按ENTER。
（7）电导校正完毕，退回主菜单。
YSIDO200便携式溶解氧温度测量仪说明书.docx
RUMSUNYSI D0200便携式溶解氧、温度测量仪使用说明书概述YSI D0200是YSI公司EcoSense系列中的一款产品，可精确测量溶解氧空气饱和度与百万分毫克/ 升浓度和温度。
内置的微处理器储存、计算和补偿所有与测定溶解氧有关的参数，包括溶解氧电极的温度特性。
仪器主机具有IP65 防护等级——防尘防溅。
机械触摸式按键具有高度可靠的触觉感应和声音响应。
仪器使用一节9 伏电池，更换电池后无需重新校准。
仪器前面板有一个大液晶显示屏，根据用户设置的显示模式，实时同步显示溶解氧空气饱和度、百万分浓度和温度值。
仪器会提示用户完成整个校准和测量过程。
YSI D0200使用一个极谱电极,配备易于拧上的盖膜；探头带有一个内置的温度传感器，用于温度补偿；另外，其不锈钢外壳坚固耐用，更易于沉入水中；具有超长电池寿命和抗50/60 赫交流电磁波干扰功能。
该仪器可广泛、方便地用于野外现场测量、室内和实验室操作。
初始检查小心地打开包装，检查仪器和配件是否因运输而受损。
查看收到的设备是否与装箱单中的材料列表一致。
如发现有损坏或零件不全，请立即通知您的供应商或YSI 公司。
在证实仪器能正常工作之前，请妥善保存包装材料。
预防措施一、手持主机尽管YSI D0200 的手持主机具有防溅外壳，但电缆接头并非水密，故主机不可以置于水下使用。
防溅盒可防止因偶然掉入非腐蚀性溶液造成的永久性损伤。
一旦主机掉进水中，请迅速采取以下措施：1. 拆下一体化电缆探头，如有必要，烘干电缆接头。
2. 用蒸馏水仔细冲洗主机。
冲洗、干燥后，检查和清洁电缆接头，清除所有可能影响探头连接的污物。
3. 待主机和一体化电缆探头完全干燥后，重新连接，并启动主机。
4. 若完成上述步骤后，主机仍不能正常工作，请联系YSI技术服务中心寻求可能的维修和更换（参阅质量保证条款）。
、探头1. 正确的安装和定期的维护，可以延长膜的使用时间。
如果膜受损、被污物阻塞或在盛电解液的容器中存在大气泡都会导致读数漂移。
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YSI Pro20溶解氧测定仪YSI Pro20
广泛应用于江河、湖泊和海洋的水质测量；应急监测；高校、研究所教学研究，水族馆、水产养殖业水质监测；工业发酵、酿造以及污水处理等各方面。
坚固、耐用、可靠的YSI Pro20能轻松应对各种便携式溶解氧的测量需求。
可自行更换的探头和电缆、50组
数据内存、」键校准”功能使操作更简单、更方便，是实验室与野外溶解氧测量的最佳选择。
用户可自行更换探头和电缆，野外可选择极谱法或原电池法传感器，实验室可选择自带搅拌的BOD探头
快速反应时间：使用标准膜，8秒即可达到最终值的95% （目前市场上最快的反应时间）
按下』键校准”按钮即可在3秒内实现一键式溶解氧校准，并自动获得气压补偿
IP67防水等级，电池仓与仪器电路仓各自独立分隔并密封，即使电池仓进水也不影响或损坏仪器电路
MS军方接头，快速插拔，防水，连接可靠稳固电缆的接头部位可耐受30万次弯折，经久耐用夜光键盘和背景光显示屏便于在昏暗环境下操作夜光键盘和背景光显示屏便于在昏暗环境下操作不锈钢探头保护套，坚固耐撞，更易于沉入水中寿命长、耗材少，平均使用成本低
可存储50组数据，无需手动记录数据
有很多不同长度的带配重电缆可供选择，电缆整理套件更方便了较长电缆的使用
超长保修期：主机三年，电缆两年，探头一年
YSI Pro20溶解氧测定仪
YSI Pro20系统规格
主机、4米电缆和传感器规格
参数测量范围分辨率准确度
溶解氧
%空气饱和
度0 至500%
0.1% 或1%
（可选）
0至200%:读数之i2%或2%空气饱和度，以较大者为准；
200至500% :读数之圮％
溶解氧毫克/升0至50毫克/
升
0.01或0.1毫克/
升
（可选）
0至20毫克/升：读数之+2%或0.2毫克/升，以较大者为准；
20至50毫克/升：读数之d6%
温度-5 至55 °C0.1C±0.3 C
气压53至133千帕0.01千帕也.4千帕（温度变化在校准点土5C之内）
主机规格
尺寸21.6厘米（长）X8.3厘米（宽）X2.3厘米（厚）
重量475克（含电池）
电源2节2号碱性电池，可工作不低于400小时；低电量指示
电缆备有1、4、10、20、30米和100米标准电缆可供选择，特制长度可达100米保修期主机：三年；电缆：两年；极谱法传感器：一年；原电池法传感器：半年
盐度补偿0-70ppt （手动输入，自动补偿）
数据记录可存储50组数据（含日期和时间）
通过认证RoHS、CE、WEEE、IP67和1米跌落测试。