《机械工程专业英语》测试题(1517)含答案
机械英语试题及答案解析
机械英语试题及答案解析一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the term for the process of removing material froma workpiece to create a part?A. MachiningB. WeldingC. CastingD. Forging答案：A2. Which of the following is a type of metal cutting operation?A. DrillingB. SolderingC. BrazingD. Annealing答案：A3. The term "CNC" stands for:A. Computer Numerical ControlB. Closed Network CircuitC. Centralized Network CommunicationD. Continuous Numerical Calculation答案：A4. What is the primary function of a lathe?A. To shape woodB. To cut threads on a workpieceC. To bend metal sheetsD. To forge metal答案：B5. In the context of manufacturing, what does "CAD" refer to?A. Computer Aided DesignB. Computer Aided DraftingC. Computer Aided DevelopmentD. Computer Aided Diagnosis答案：A6. Which of the following is a common material used in the production of machine parts?A. PlasticB. CeramicC. AlloyD. Glass答案：C7. The process of joining two pieces of metal by heating them to their melting point is known as:A. SolderingB. BrazingC. WeldingD. Gluing答案：C8. What is the role of a milling machine in the manufacturing process?A. To cut internal threadsB. To shape the surface of a workpieceC. To drill holesD. To create a smooth finish on a surface答案：B9. The term "tolerance" in mechanical engineering refers to:A. The maximum weight of a partB. The acceptable variation in size or shape of a partC. The minimum strength of a materialD. The standard size of a part答案：B10. What is the purpose of a jig in manufacturing?A. To hold workpieces in place during machiningB. To measure the dimensions of a partC. To cut threads on a workpieceD. To provide power to a machine tool答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The process of shaping metal by applying pressure is known as _______.答案：Forging12. A _______ is a tool that holds a cutting tool and guides it through a specific path.答案：Cutter13. In machining, the term "feed rate" refers to the _______ of the tool relative to the workpiece.答案：Speed14. The _______ is a device that can be used to measure the internal diameter of a hole.答案：Micrometer15. The process of hardening a metal to increase its strength is called _______.答案：Quenching16. A _______ is a machine tool used for shaping a workpiece by removing material.答案：Milling Machine17. The _______ is the process of cutting a workpiece along a straight line.答案：Sawing18. The _______ is a type of machine tool used for cutting internal threads.答案：Tapping Machine19. The _______ is the process of heating and cooling a metalto alter its physical properties.答案：Heat Treatment20. A _______ is a device that holds a workpiece in place during machining.答案：Vise三、简答题（每题5分，共10分）21. Explain the difference between a milling machine and a lathe.答案：A milling machine is used for shaping the surfaceof a workpiece by removing material with a rotating multi-toothed cutter, whereas a lathe is used for shaping a workpiece by rotating it and cutting it with a stationary tool.22. What is the purpose of a jig in the manufacturing process?答案：A jig is a device used in manufacturing to hold a workpiece in a specific position while it is being machined, ensuring accuracy and repeatability in the production process.四、论述题（每题15分，共15分）23. Discuss the importance of precision in mechanical engineering and how it affects the performance of a machine.答案：Precision in mechanical engineering is crucial asit ensures that components fit together correctly andfunction as intended. Inaccurate parts can lead to poor performance, increased wear, and even failure of the machine. Precision is achieved through the use of。
机械专业英语试题及答案精编WORD版
机械专业英语试题及答案精编W O R D版IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】学院院长（系主任）（签字）C. degradation…corrosionD. corrosion… degradation12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.A. are made fromB. are made up ofC. was produced byD. was consist of13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed toavoid operationat speeds.A . lowB .overload C. critical D. hollow14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a .A. patternB. modelC. moldD. patent15. The term is used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole.A. high pairB. low pairC. surface pairD. rotary pair二、完型填空（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears,sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16) to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devices. These latter members are among the “associated parts” considered in this text, as are couplings and universaljoint, which serve to (17) the shaft to the source of power or load.考生注意：考试时间 120 分钟试卷总分 100 分共 5 页第 1 页Sometimes members like gears and cams are made (28) with shaft,but more often such members (which also include pulleys,sprockets, etc)are made separately and then(29) shaft. Theportion of the mounted member in contact with the shaft is thehub. Attachment of the hub to the shaft is made in variety ofways. A gear can be gripped (30) between a shoulder on the shaftand a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key. Thegrooves in the shaft and hub into which the key fits are calledkeyways.16、 A) cement B) attached C) connected D)concrete17、 A) endure B) transmit C) serve D)connect18、 A) support B) meet C) satisfy D) strong19、 A) aims B) idler C) terminal D) tomb20、 A) due to B) weather C) whether D) for21、 A) elasticity B) torsional C) inertia D)acceleration22、 A) subjected B)…connect C) and D) From23、 A) deeply B) strength C) clearly understandD) long time24、 A) identify B) cross C) round D) 订线read as follows.Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is decision making process(often iterative),in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resourcesoptimally to meet a sated objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis,construction ,testing, and evaluation. The engineering design component of a curriculum must include most of the following features : development of student creativity, use of open-ended problem statement and use of modern design theory and methodology, formulation of design problem statement and specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations, production process, concurrent engineering design, and detailed system descriptions. Further, it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economic factors, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, andsocial impact.31、what’s the main meaning of message (1)?A) Engineering design is a systematic process B) materials engineer’s mainworkC) mechanical engineer’s has good idea D) electrical engineer’ mainduty32、In the author’s opinion, the design process is very complex and should takeninto account many factors, from the message who should NOT join into the design team _______.A) environmentalists,B) sociologistsC) engineersD) Government officials33、From the message, we can know the meaning of words “ABET”(at line third paragraph) is _____.A) a set of accredits standardB) a kind of design methodC) a department of US government which responsible for engineering designD) A set of law34、It can be concluded from the passage that in the exercise and training of student, which character of the following is NOT included in the curriculum ______.A) creativityB) new materialC) ethicsD) economic factors35、The title of the message is ______.A) the roles of engineers in manufacturingB) the importance of mechanical designC) engineering designD) The process of machine designTEXT 2Working drawings are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufacture and assembly of a product based on its design. The complexity of the design determines the number and types of drawings. Working drawings may be on more than one sheet and may contain written instructions called specifications.Working drawings are blueprints used for manufacturing products. Therefore, the set of drawings must:(a) completely describe the parts, both visually and dimensionally;(b)show the parts in assembly;(3)identify all the parts; and (4)specify standard parts. The graphics and text information must be sufficiently complete and accurate to manufacture and assemble the product without error.共 5 页第 2 页(1) Detail drawings of each nonstandard parts.(2) An assembly or subassembly drawing showing all the standard and nonstandard parts in a single drawing.(3) A bill of materials (BOM).(4) A title block.A detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part, describing the part’s shape, size, material, and surface roughness, in sufficient detail for the part to be manufactured based on the drawing alone. Detail drawings are produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models. They adhere strictly to ANSI standards and the standard for the specific company, for dimensioning, assigning part numbers, notes, tolerances, etc.In an assembly, standard parts such as threaded fasteners and bearings are not drawn as details, but are shown in the assembly view. Standard parts are not drawn as details because they are normally purchased, not manufactured, for assembly.For large assemblies or assembled with large parts, details are drawn on multiple sheets, and a separate sheet is used for the assembly view. If the assembly is simple or the parts are small,detail drawings for each part of an assembly can be placed on a singlesheet.TEXT 3One principle aim of kinematics is to create (design) the desired motions of the subjects’ mechanical parts and then mathematically compute the positions, velocities, and accelerations, which those will create on the parts. Since, for most earthbound mechanical systems, the mass remains essentially constant with time, defining the accelerations as a function of time then also defines the dynamic forces as a function of time. Stresses, in turn, will be a function of both applied and inertial (ma) forces. Since engineering design is charged with creating systems which will not fail during their expected service life, the goal is to keep stresses within acceptable limits for the materials chosen and the environmental conditions encountered. This obviously requires that all system forces be defined and kept within desired limits. In machinery, the largest forces encountered are often those due to the dynamics of the machine itself. These dynamic forces are proportional to acceleration, which brings us back to kinematics, the foundation of mechanical design. Very basic and early decision in the design process involving kinematic principles can be crucial to the success of any mechanical design; a design which has poor kinematics will prove troublesome and perform badly.Any mechanical system can be classified according to the number of degree of freedom (DOF) which it processes. The system’s DOF is equal to the number of independent parameters which are needed to uniquely define its position in space at any instant of time.A rigid body free to move within a reference frame will, in the general case, has complex motion, which is a simultaneous combination of rotation and translation. In three-dimensional space, there may be rotation about any axis and also simultaneous translation which can be resolved into components along three axes. In a plane, or two-dimensional space, complex motion becomes a combination of simultaneous rotation about one axis (perpendicular to the plane) and also translation resolved into components along two axes in the plane41、Kinematics research focus on the following EXCEPT ______..A) accelerations B) forceC) positions, D) velocities42、From the passage that for the design engineer the first and most important is____A) the service life of a machine B) the materials chooseC) the degree of freedom D) kinematic principles43、An mechanical system has uniquely defined position in space at any instant of time that ___.A) It should has one DOFB) It should Has two DOFC) the DOF and the number of independent parameters should equalD) It should has any DOF as want44、 which one of the following is NOT TRUE _______?.A) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may rotation about anyaxisB) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space is a simultaneouscombination of rotation and translationC) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space can be resolved intocomponents along three axesD) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may has complex motion45、The best title for this passage would be _______.A) kinematics B) dynamicsC) kinematics and dynamic D) the important of kinematics共 5 页第3 页1．将下列英语句子译成汉语（共5小题，每小题2分）（1）A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of a real machine member.（2）Foundations should ensure the machine’s stiffness; shock absorption and isolation are secondary considerations.(3)Thus, if a mechanical component such as a spring is subjected to repetitive or cyclical applications of stress levels much lower than the ultimate strength, it will fracture after a large number of repetitions of this stress.（4）Interchangeability means that identical parts must be interchangeable, i.e., able to replace each other, whether during assembly or subsequent maintenance work; without the need for any fitting operations.（5）A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft anda spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key.2、将下段英语翻译成汉语（10分）As we look around us w e see a world full of “things”, machines, devices, tools, things that we have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, or are ease to use. Ideally , however, every such itemhas been designed according to some set of “functional requirements”（5）当一个装置意外地失效后，通常需要进行研究工作，来找出失效的原因和确定可能的改正措施。
机械英语试题及答案详解
机械英语试题及答案详解一、选择题1. The term "mechanical engineering" refers to the application of engineering principles to:A. Chemical processesB. Electrical systemsC. Design and manufacture of machinesD. Software development答案：C2. What is the primary function of a bearing in a mechanical system?A. To convert energyB. To reduce frictionC. To increase efficiencyD. To absorb heat答案：B3. The process of converting a rough workpiece into a finished part is known as:A. MachiningB. WeldingC. CastingD. Forging答案：A二、填空题4. The formula for calculating the force exerted by a springis known as ________.答案：Hooke's Law5. In mechanical design, the term ________ refers to thestudy of the forces and moments acting on a body.答案：Statics6. The unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI) is ________.答案：Pascal (Pa)三、简答题7. Explain the difference between static and dynamic friction.答案：Static friction is the force that must be overcometo start moving an object at rest, while dynamic friction is the force that opposes the motion of an object that isalready moving.8. Describe the purpose of a gear in a mechanical system.答案：A gear is used to transmit motion and force from one part of a system to another, often changing the speed and/or direction of the motion.四、计算题9. A hydraulic press has a piston with an area of 0.02 m². If the pressure applied to the piston is 5 MPa, calculate the force exerted by the piston.答案：Force = P ressure × Area = 5 × 10⁶ Pa × 0.02 m²= 100,000 N10. A lever is balanced when the product of the effort force and its distance from the fulcrum is equal to the product of the load force and its distance from the fulcrum. If the effort force is 300 N and the load force is 1200 N, and the effort is applied 2 m from the fulcrum, calculate the distance from the fulcrum to the load.答案：Let the distance from the fulcrum to the load be\( x \). According to the principle of levers, \( 300 N\times 2 m = 1200 N \times x \). Solving for \( x \) gives\( x = \frac{300 N \times 2 m}{1200 N} = 0.5 m \).五、论述题11. Discuss the importance of mechanical vibrations in the context of machinery operation and maintenance.答案：Mechanical vibrations are crucial in machinery for several reasons. They can indicate the health of a machine, with abnormal vibrations often signaling a problem such as imbalance, misalignment, or wear. Monitoring vibrations can help in predictive maintenance, preventing breakdowns and extending the life of machinery.12. Explain the concept of stress concentration in mechanical components and its implications.答案：Stress concentration occurs in mechanical components where the stress is higher than the average stress due to geometrical discontinuities or material defects. This can lead to premature failure of the component under load, as the high-stress areas are more susceptible to fatigue and cracking. Designing to minimize stress concentrations and using materials with good fatigue resistance can mitigate these effects.。
机械专业外语_习题集(含答案)
《机械专业外语》课程习题集一、短文翻译(英译汉)1. The solution to most design problems does arise from a set of equations, instead it is a compromise to satisfy a number of design requirements and practical limitations such as available tooling and servicing ease. Designs are often revised to introduce new features, but as much as possible of the old design is retained for economic reasons. Producing a revised design is usually not as difficult as producing a new design because the history of the original is available for evaluation.2. When cutting screw threads, power is provided to the gearbox of the apron by the lead screw. In all other turning operations, it is feed rod that drives the carriage. The lead screw goes through a pair of half nuts, which are fixed to the rear of the apron. When actuating a certain lever, the half nuts are clamped together and engage with the rotating lead screw as a single nut, which is feed , together with the carriage along the bed.3.Generally, grinding is considered to be a finishing process that is usually used for obtaining high-dimensional accuracy and better surface finish. Grinding can be performed on flat, cylindrical, or even internal surfaces by employing specialized machine tools, which are referred to as grinding machines. Obviously, grinding machines differ in construction as well as capabilities, and the type to be employed is determined mainly by the geometrical shape and nature of the surface to be ground. -e.g. cylindrical surfaces are ground on cylindrical grinding machines.4. The dielectric serves to concentrate the discharge energy into a channel of very small crosssectional area. It also cools the two electrodes, and flushes away the products of machining from the gap. The electrical resistance of the dielectric influences the discharge spark energy and time of spark initiation .if the resistance is low , an early discharge spark occurs. If it is large the capacitor will attain a higher value charge before the discharge spark occurs.5. As we previously saw, CNC,DNC and computer-assisted part programming are different kinds of preplanned computerized control of machine tools. In all cases, the tool path has to be established beforehand through a program, the person who prepares the programs employs his or her experience in order to bring the processing time to minimum and not to cause any damage or distortion to the workpiece. This is, in many cases, a difficult problem that involves many factors, alternatives, and constraints. Obviously, this is exactly where an expert system is needed.6. Equipment productively is improved because of the better utilization of machines whenCIM is implemented. We can see that factors like program ability of equipment and computerized monitoring and control of the whole manufacturing facility would largely improve the efficiency of machine utilization. Higher labor and equipment productivity would certainly result in lower product cost.7. Where loads are due to contact, a pair of equal and opposite forces occur. One force acts as an external load on one contacting member. This action-reaction force pairing is one of the basic natural laws put to practical use by engineers. Tracing these power transmission forces through connected machine linkages is an extremely useful visualization aid for identifying machine component loads.8. Element design is concerned with the proper sizing of machine elements to perform a given function at some stated life criterion. Mechanical designers must also be familiar with properties of materials and machining processes to achieve optimal design. In addition, designers must always contend with the question of cost. The watchword should be simplicity, since a simple device is usually the least expensive.9. The tailstock assembly consists basically of three parts, its lower base, an intermediate part, and the quill. The lower base is a casting that can slide on the lathe bed along the guideways, and it has a clamping device to enable locking the entire tailstock at any desired location, depending upon the length of the workpiece. The intermediate part is a casting that can be moved transversely to enable alignment of the axis of the tailstock with that of the headstock.10. Internal grinding is employed for grinding relatively short holed. The workpiece is held in a chuck or a special fixture. Both the grinding wheel and the workpiece rotate during the operation and feed is applied in the longitudinal direction. Any desired depth of cut can be obtained by the cross feed of the grinding wheel. A variation from this type is planetary internal grinding, which is recommended for heavy workpieces that cannot be held in chucks. In the case, the grinding wheel not only spins around its own axis but also rotates around the centerline of the hole that is being ground.11. The intelligent robot has always been the dream of manufacturing engineers, in order to make the automated factory of the future attainable. It is artificial intelligence that will make that dream come true. By definition, an intelligent robot is one that is able to think, sense, and effect, so that it can cope with a changing environment and learn from experience. Since thinking is a brain function, it is obvious that it would fall within the domain of artificial intelligence if it is to be performed by a computer. An integration between sensing, reasoning, and effecting would unify artificial intelligence and robots, with the final outcome an intelligent robot.12. In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the range of media used to convey information. Initially, communication was limited to simple forms of media such as voice and paper. This century, however, has witnessed the introduction of a greater variety of media types such as the telephone and visual forms of media. In the latter part of the century,this trend has accelerated and there is now a wide range of media types available to convey information.13. It is well known that a hot plate of metal will cool faster when placed in front of a fan than when exposed to still air. We say that the heat is convected away and we call the process convection heat transfer. Convection is a much simpler physical process than conduction since it merely consists of the actual motion of a volume of hot fluid from one place to another.14.Around the turn of the twentieth century the steam turbine came into use. Steam turbines are very efficient. They can utilize almost 40 percent of the energy supplied to them. They are three times as efficient as reciprocating engines. Steam turbines power many of the world's ships and the majority of the world's electricity generating stations.15. Most small i.C.engines in common use has four cylinders, which fire in a definite and regular sequence. A flywheel is fitted to the crankshaft to keep it running smoothly. It is essential for the inlet and exhaust valves to open and close at exactly the appropriate moment in relation to the position of the piston. Therefore they are actuated by a cam-shaft running in phase with the crankshaft.16. The alternative to forming method is machining. In machining, a sharpened tool of suitable shape removes material in the form of chips until the desired shape is produced. The use of computer and punched-tape control of machine tools makes it possible forthe machining tool to follow any complex three-dimensional path.17. Perhaps because more high-strength, hard, tough, and exotic materials are used, there isa tendency to use chipless machining despite the progress just noted. There is a trend to reduce the amount of metal that needs to be removed. Often chipless machining is more expensive, but the reduced loss of material results in a saving. The increased use of metal forming, forging, rolling, die-casting and other processes illustrates this trend.18.For the semi-mechanized forging of small to medium-sized components, forging hammers powered by various means are employed. The feature common to all of them is that, like the hand forging hammer, they utilize the energy of a falling weight to develop the pressure needed for shaping the metal. Larger components are forged by means of forging presses operated by steam or compressed air or by hydraulic or electric power. Largely automatic forging machines are used for the quantity production of engineering parts.19. As we know, these are the main tasks of an engineer: to explore new ways, invent new solutions to problems, and design new devices. In the research stage of a project, the engineer usually has found a new way of doing a job and is analyzing it (using mathematics and computers) to see how feasible the idea is and how well it will work. The development stage then follows. Here the idea is carried out in the laboratory. The processes vary among different projects, but the basic point is the same: Turn the idea into a working reality.20.The fact that steel can possess a wide range of useful mechanical properties is of extreme economic importance. This is clearly illustrated in the railroad industry, forex-ample. To move a train from one place to another, we use a locomotive which has the ability to pull a given total load. This load is composed of the weight of the cars and the weight of the freight being transported. If a freight car is made of high strength steel, the structural members can be relatively small and the car will be lighter as well as stronger. This means that the amount of freight can be increased.21.The simplest method of welding two pieces of metal together is known as pressure welding. The ends of metal are heated to a white heat— for iron, the welding temperature should be about 13000C—in a flame, At this temperature the metal becomes plastic. The ends are then pressed or hammered together, and the joint is smoothed off. Care must be taken to ensure that the surfaces are thoroughly clean first, for dirt will weaken the weld. Moreover, the heating of iron or steel to a high temperature causes oxidation, and a film of oxide is formed on the heated surfaces.22. The design of a machine includes many factors other than those of determining the loads and stresses and selecting the proper materials. Before construction or manufacture can begin, it is necessary to have complete assembly and detail drawings to convey all necessary information to the shop men. The designer frequently is called upon to check the drawings before they are sent to the shop. Much experience and familiarity with manufacturing processes are needed before one can become conversant with all phases of production drawings.23. Flat pulleys and belts. This is the oldest and simplest type of pulley and belt. The pulley may be a single pulley, or it may have three or four different diameters. A one-piece pulley having three or four diameters is called a cone pulley. Actually the pulleys are not flat. They are tapered slightly so that the diameter of the pulley is a little larger at its center. We call this a crowned pulley. The pulley is made larger in diameter at the center because a flat belt will always climb to the highest part of a pulley. The crown ensures that the belt will run in the center of the pulley.24.Of course, materials have always been vital to human civilization. Three of humanity’s earliest eras are called the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, because the civilization of each was almost entirely dependent on the material after which the era was named. But now, in the twentieth century, materials-not just one, but many-have become a most important factor on which the advance of technology and industry depends. Our progress in space, in electronics, and in atomic energy is directly linked to the solution of crucial materials problems.25.The purpose of the design calculations is of course to attempt to predict the stress or deformation if the part in order that it may safely carry the loads which will be imposed upon it, and that it may last for the expected life of the machine. All calculations are, of course, dependent on the physical properties of the construction materials as determined by laboratory tests. A rational method of design attempts to take the results of relatively simple and fundamental tests and apply them to all the complicated and involved situations encountered in present-day machinery.二、按要求翻译下列句子（略）……答案1.对大多数设计问题的解决并不是来源于一组公式，而是受制于要满足很多设计要求和实际限制诸如可用的工具或使用的舒适性。
机械工程英语考试题
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A distinction may be made between open-die forging, usually in the form of hammer forging, and closed-die forging. ( ) A.自由锻； B.模锻； C.锤锻； D.手工锻. Powder metallurgy is a highly developed method of manufacturing reliable ferrous and nonferrous parts.( ) A.铁的； B.铜的； C.合金的； D.钢的 Injection molding is the predominant process for fabrication of thermoplastics into finished forms. ( ) A.热塑性的； B. 热固性的； C.塑料的； D.耐热的 An estimate showed that about 10 to 15% of all the metal produced in USA was converted into chips. ( ) A.芯片； B. 碎屑； C.成品； D.半成品 It is the angle between the face of the tool called the rake face and the normal to the machining direction. ( ) A.前刀面； B. 后刀面； C.低面； D.侧面
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Grinding can be performed on flat, cylindrical, or even internal surfaces by employing specialized machine tools. ( ) A.机器； B.机床； C.工具； D.夹具 Lapping has two main functions. Firstly, it produces a superior surface finish. ( ) A.表面光洁度； B.表面波度； C.表面精度； D.表面切削量 lathetype－machine tools can be classified as follows: Engine lathes, toolroom lathes, turret lathes, etc. ( ) A.普通车床； B.工具车床； C.立车； D.专用车床 The spindle is driven through the gearbox, which is housed within the headstock. ( ) A.心轴； B.轴线； C.转轴 D.主轴 CIMS is a term to describe the most modern philosophy to manufacturing.( ) A.计算机集成控制系统； B.计算机数控； C.计算机集成制造系统 D.计算机辅助工程
机械专业英语试题及答案
教研室主任 （签字） 学院院长（系主任） （签字）C. degradation…corrosionD. corrosion… degradation12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.A. are made fromB. are made up ofC. was produced byD. was consist of13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoidoperationat speeds.A . lowB .overload C. critical D. hollow14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a .A. patternB. modelC. moldD. patent15. The term is used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole.A. high pairB. low pairC. surface pairD. rotary pair二、完型填空（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16) to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devi ces. These latter members are among the “associated parts” considered in this text, as are couplings and universal joint, which serve to (17) the shaft to the source of power or load.考生注意：考试时间 120 分钟试卷总分 100 分共 5 页第 1 页Sometimes members like gears and cams are made (28) with shaft, butmore often such members (which also include pulleys, sprockets, etc)aremade separately and then(29) shaft. The portion of the mounted memberin contact with the shaft is the hub. Attachment of the hub to the shaftis made in variety of ways. A gear can be gripped (30) between ashoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmittedthrough a key. The grooves in the shaft and hub into which the key fitsare called keyways.16、 A) cement B) attached C) connected D) concrete17、 A) endure B) transmit C) serve D) connect18、 A) support B) meet C) satisfy D) strong19、 A) aims B) idler C) terminal D) tomb20、 A) due to B) weather C) whether D) for21、 A) elasticity B) torsional C) inertia D)acceleration22、 A) subjected B)…connect C) and D) From23、 A) deeply B) strength C) clearly understand D)long time24、 A) identify B) cross C) round D)lateral25、 A) lucrative B) objectionable C) attractable D)terrible订线read as follows.Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is decision making process(often iterative),in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a sated objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction ,testing, and evaluation. The engineering design component of a curriculum must include most of the following features : development of student creativity, use of open-ended problem statement and use of modern design theory and methodology, formulation of design problem statement and specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations, production process, concurrent engineering design, and detailed system descriptions. Further, it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economic factors, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, and social impact.31、what’s the main meaning of message (1)?A) Engineering design is a systematic process B) materials engineer’s main workC) mechanical engineer’s has good idea D) electrical engineer’ main duty32、In the author’s opinion, the design process is very complex and should taken intoaccount many factors, from the message who should NOT join into the design team _______.A) environmentalists,B) sociologistsC) engineersD) Government officials33、From the message, we can know the meaning of words “ABET”(at line third paragraph)is _____.A) a set of accredits standardB) a kind of design methodC) a department of US government which responsible for engineering designD) A set of law34、It can be concluded from the passage that in the exercise and training of student,which character of the following is NOT included in the curriculum ______.A) creativityB) new materialC) ethicsD) economic factors35、The title of the message is ______.A) the roles of engineers in manufacturingB) the importance of mechanical designC) engineering designD) The process of machine designTEXT 2Working drawings are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufactureand assembly of a product based on its design. The complexity of the design determines the number and types of drawings. Working drawings may be on more than one sheet and may contain written instructions called specifications.Working drawings are blueprints used for manufacturing products. Therefore, the set of drawings must:(a) completely describe the parts, both visually and dimensionally;(b)show the parts in assembly;(3)identify all the parts; and (4)specify standard parts. The graphics and text information must be sufficiently complete and accurate to manufacture and assemble the product without error.共 5 页第 2页(1) Detail drawings of each nonstandard parts.(2) An assembly or subassembly drawing showing all the standard and nonstandard parts in a single drawing.(3) A bill of materials (BOM).(4) A title block.A detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part, describing the part’s shape, size, material, and surface roughness, in sufficient detail for the part to be manufactured based on the drawing alone. Detail drawings are produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models. They adhere strictly to ANSI standards and the standard for the specific company, for dimensioning, assigning part numbers, notes, tolerances, etc.In an assembly, standard parts such as threaded fasteners and bearings are not drawn as details, but are shown in the assembly view. Standard parts are not drawn as details because they are normally purchased, not manufactured, for assembly.For large assemblies or assembled with large parts, details are drawn on multiple sheets, and a separate sheet is used for the assembly view. If the assembly is simple or the parts are small, detail drawings for each part of an assembly can be placed on a single sheet.Multiple details on a sheet are usually drawn at the same scale. If different scales are used, they are clearly marked under each detail. Also,when more than one detail is placed on a sheet, the spacing between detailsTEXT 3One principle aim of kinematics is to create (design) the desired motions of the subjects’ mechanical parts and then mathematically compute the positions, velocities, and accelerations, which those will create on the parts. Since, for most earthbound mechanical systems, the mass remains essentially constant with time, defining the accelerations as a function of time then also defines the dynamic forces as a function of time. Stresses, in turn, will be a function of both applied and inertial (ma) forces. Since engineering design is charged with creating systems which will not fail during their expected service life, the goal is to keep stresses within acceptable limits for the materials chosen and the environmental conditions encountered. This obviously requires that all system forces be defined and kept within desired limits. In machinery, the largest forces encountered are often those due to the dynamics of the machine itself. These dynamic forces are proportional to acceleration, which brings us back to kinematics, the foundation of mechanical design. Very basic and early decision in the design process involving kinematic principles can be crucial to the success of any mechanical design; a design which has poor kinematics will prove troublesome and perform badly.Any mechanical system can be classified according to the number of degree of freedom (DOF) which it processes. The system’s DOF is equal to the number of independent parameters which are needed to uniquely define its position in space at any instant of time.A rigid body free to move within a reference frame will, in the general case, has complex motion, which is a simultaneous combination of rotation and translation. In three-dimensional space, there may be rotation about any axis and also simultaneous translation which can be resolved into components along three axes. In a plane, or two-dimensional space, complex motion becomes a combination of simultaneous rotation about one axis (perpendicular to theplane) and also translation resolved into components along two axes in the plane41、Kinematics research focus on the following EXCEPT ______..A) accelerations B) forceC) positions, D) velocities42、From the passage that for the design engineer the first and most important is____A) the service life of a machine B) the materials chooseC) the degree of freedom D) kinematic principles43、An mechanical system has uniquely defined position in space at any instant of time that ___.A) It should has one DOFB) It should Has two DOFC) the DOF and the number of independent parameters should equalD) It should has any DOF as want44、 which one of the following is NOT TRUE _______?.A) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may rotation about any axisB) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space is a simultaneous combinationof rotation and translationC) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space can be resolved into componentsalong three axesD) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may has complex motion45、The best title for this passage would be _______.A) kinematics B) dynamicsC) kinematics and dynamic D) the important of kinematics共 5 页第3 页1．将下列英语句子译成汉语（共5小题，每小题2分）（1）A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of a real machine member.（2）Foundations should ensure the machine’s stiffness; shock absorption and isolation are secondary considerations.(3)Thus, if a mechanical component such as a spring is subjected to repetitive or cyclical applications of stress levels much lower than the ultimate strength, it will fracture after a large number of repetitions of this stress.（4）Interchangeability means that identical parts must be interchangeable, i.e., able to replace each other, whether during assembly or subsequent maintenance work; without the need for any fitting operations.（5）A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key.2、将下段英语翻译成汉语（10分）As we look around us we see a world full of “things”, machines, devices, tools, things that we have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, or are ease to use. Ideally , however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional requirements” as perceived by thedesigners—that is, it hs been designed so as to answer the question,（5）当一个装置意外地失效后，通常需要进行研究工作，来找出失效的原因和确定可能的改正措施。
机械工程英语答案
Engineering materials may be further subdivided into: ①Metal ②Ceramics ③Composite ④Polymers, etc.
为什么要使用金属和合金？许多金属和合金具有高密度，因此被用在需要较高质量体积比的场合。
Some metal alloys, such as those based on aluminum, have low densities and are used in aerospace applications for fuel economy. Many alloys also have high fracture toughness, which means they can withstand impact and are durable.
某些金属能被磁化，例如铁、钴和镍。在极低的温度下，某些金属和金属化合物能转变成超导体。
What is the difference between an alloy and a pure metal? Pure metals are elements which come from a particular area of the periodic table. Examples of pure metals include copper in electrical wires and aluminum in cooking foil and beverage cans.
就工业效用而言，材料被分为工程材料和非工程材料。那些用于加工制造并成为产品组成部分的就是工程材料。
机械英语考试试题及答案
机械英语考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "mechanical engineering" refers to:A. The study of machinesB. The design and manufacture of mechanical systemsC. The operation of machineryD. The maintenance of mechanical equipment答案：B2. What is the function of a bearing in a mechanical system?A. To reduce frictionB. To increase efficiencyC. To provide powerD. To transmit motion答案：A3. The process of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy is known as:A. ElectrificationB. CombustionC. ThermodynamicsD. Hydrodynamics答案：C4. In mechanical design, the principle of "KISS" stands for:A. Keep It Simple, StupidB. Keep It Short and SimpleC. Keep It Simple and SafeD. Keep It Simple, Smart答案：A5. A gear train is used to:A. Change the direction of motionB. Increase the speed of rotationC. Decrease the speed of rotationD. All of the above答案：D6. What does CAD stand for in mechanical engineering?A. Computer-Aided DesignB. Computer-Aided DraftingC. Computer-Aided DevelopmentD. Computer-Aided Diagnostics答案：A7. The SI unit for force is:A. NewtonB. JouleC. PascalD. Watt答案：A8. What is the purpose of a flywheel in a mechanical system?A. To store energyB. To increase speedC. To reduce noiseD. To dissipate heat答案：A9. The term "hydraulics" is associated with the study of:A. Fluid dynamicsB. Solid mechanicsC. Structural analysisD. Thermal engineering答案：A10. The process of cutting a material to a specific shape is known as:A. MachiningB. CastingC. ForgingD. Extrusion答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The formula for calculating the moment of a force is \( F \times d \), where \( F \) is the force and \( d \) is the_______.答案：distance from the pivot12. A _______ is a device that converts linear motion into rotational motion.答案：crank13. In a four-stroke internal combustion engine, the four strokes are intake, compression, _______, and exhaust.答案：power14. The _______ of a material is its ability to resist deformation under load.答案：stiffness15. The term "overhaul" in mechanical maintenance refers to a thorough inspection and _______ of a machine or its parts.答案：repair16. The _______ of a machine is the study of how forces act on and within a body.答案: statics17. A _______ is a type of machine that uses a screw to convert rotational motion into linear motion.答案：screw jack18. The _______ of a system is the point around which the system rotates.答案：pivot19. The _______ of a lever is the ratio of the effort arm to the load arm.答案：mechanical advantage20. The _______ is a type of bearing that allows for rotation with minimal friction.答案：ball bearing三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）21. Explain the difference between static and dynamic equilibrium in mechanical systems.答案：Static equilibrium refers to a state where the net force and net moment acting on a body are zero, resulting in no acceleration. Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the net force is zero, but the body is in motion with constant velocity.22. What is the purpose of a clutch in a vehicle?答案：A clutch is used to engage and disengage the power transmission from the engine to the transmission system, allowing the vehicle to start, stop, and change gears smoothly.23. Describe the function of a governor in an engine.答案：A governor is a device that automatically controls the speed of an engine by regulating the fuel supply or the valve settings, ensuring the engine operates within safespeed limits.24. What are the three primary types of joints in structural engineering?答案：The three primary types of joints are pinned joints, fixed joints, and sliding joints, each serving different purposes in connecting and supporting structural elements.25. Explain the。
机械专业英语试题及答案
精品文档机械工程专业英语课程考试方式（□闭卷□开卷）课程性质（□必修□限选□任选）一、选择题分，115小题，每小题（在每题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共分）总计15planar undergoes the system linkage move in parallel planes 1. If all points in a.motion and the linkage may be described as aD. slide B. planar linkage C. joints A. planar motion sometimes are Though 2. frame material and design should handle damping, built into frame sections to handle specific problems.D. screwC. dampers A .beams B. holesThe maximum allowable deflection of a shaft ______ determined by critical speed, 3. gear, or bearing requirements.D. is usually C. was B. must A. oftenmore generate solutions as we to _____ to better and better 4. We will have information.D. try ways B. iterating C. iterate A. repeat many timesdetermine to then examined configuration is _______ specified and 5. If a product whether the performance requirements are met.D. have beenC. temporary B. tentatively A. finallyManufacturing can be defined as the _____ of raw materials into useful products 6. through the use of the easiest and lest-expensive methods.D. transformingC. process B. processing A. transformation7. The planer and knee types of milling machine is _____ because of its flexibility.B. most popular A. used most commonlyD. most powerfulC. the most commonly usedforce _____ frequency of the vibrate result, the system will at the 8. As a regardless of the initial conditions or natural frequency of the system.D. actC. out B. excitation A. actionthe between the relationship components are assembled together, Before 9. two dimensions of the mating surfaces_______.should printed clearlyB. A. must be giving outC. must be specifiedD. should be clearly noted10. The main practical advantage of lower pairs is their better ability to trap lubricant between their ______ surfaces.D. outsideA. envelopingB. matingC. outer11. The word______ itself usually refers to the deterioration of metals and ceramics, while similar phenomena in plastics generally called ______.A. recrystallization…. corrosionB. recrystallization…degradation精品文档．精品文档D. corrosion…degradation C. degradation…corrosion12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.B. are made up ofA. are made fromD. was consist ofC. was produced by13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoid operationspeeds.atD. hollow C. critical B .overload A . low.14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires aD. patentC. mold B. model A. patternis used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole.15. The termD. rotary pair C. surface pair B. low pair A. high pair15分）二、完型填空（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates andtransmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16)to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devices. These latter members areamong the “associated parts”considered in this text, as are couplings and universal joint, which servethe shaft to the source of power or load.to (17)A shaft can have a noround cross section, ant it need not necessarily rotate. It can be stationary anda rotating member, such as the short shafts that support the nondriving wheels of an serve to (18)(20) depending on automobile. The shafts supporting(19) gears can be either rotating or stationarythe gear is attached to the shaft or supported by it through bearings.of shafts can be subjected to various combinations axial, bending, and(21) that It isapparentloads, and that these loads may be static or fluctuating. Typically, a rotating shaft transmitting power isreversed a completely together a mean torsional stress) with a (22) to constant torque (producingbending load (producing an alternating bending stress).requirements, shafts must be designed so that deflections are within In addition to satisfying (23)cause (25) deflection acceptable limits. Excessive (24) shafts can hamper gear performance andbearings(either noise. The associated angular deflection can no-self- aligning be very destructive tomechanism. gear driven cam the can affect accuracy of a or or plain rolling). (26) deflectioncorresponding lower the (27) or the Furthermore, the greater flexibility -either lateral torsional-thespeed.100 试卷总分分钟120 考试时间考生注意：分页5 共1 第页精品文档．精品文档Sometimes members like gears and cams are made (28) with shaft, but moreoften such members (which also include pulleys, sprockets, etc)are made separately and then(29) shaft. The portion of the mounted member in contactwith the shaft is the hub. Attachment of the hub to the shaft is made invariety ofways. A gear can be gripped (30) between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key. The grooves in the shaft and hub intowhich the key fits are called keyways.班级attached C) connected B) D) concrete 16、A) cement connect D) C) serve 17、A) endure B) transmitsupport B) meet C) satisfy 18、A) D) strong 学号idler C) terminal 19、A) aims B) D) tomb装whether C) D) for20、A) due to B) weather torsional C) inertia 21、A) elasticity B) D) accelerationsubjected B)…connect C) and 、A) D) From22姓名strength C) clearly understand 23、A) deeply B) D) long time lateral D) C) round 24、A) identify B) cross objectionable C) attractable B) D) terrible 25、A) lucrativeTorsional D) Movement C) 26、A) Moment B)Tormentcritical C) first B) D) important 27、A) highintegral C) D) simplification 、A) work B) idealization 28 mounted onto B) refers C) referring to 29、A) D) indicatesaxially D) 30、A) deformations B) bending limits C) laternal 订三、阅读理解（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，填在题头的表中）（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，总计40分）Text 1Engineering design is a systematic process by which solution to the needs of humankind are obtained .The process is applied to problems(needs) of varying complexity .For example, mechanical engineers will use the design process to find an effective, efficient method to convert reciprocating motion to circular motion for the drive train in an intnternal combustion engine; electrical engineers will use the process to design electrical generating systems using falling wateras the power source; and materials engineers use the process to design ablative materials whichenable astronauts to safely reenter the earth's atmosphere.线The vast majority of complex problems in today's high technology society depend for solutionnot on a single engineering discipline, but on teams of engineers, scientists, environmentalists, economists, sociologists, and legal personnel. Solutions are not only dependent regulations and political influence. As engineers we are empowered with the technical expertise to develop new and improved products and systems, but at the same time we must be increasingly aware of the impactof our actions on society and the environment in general and work conscientiously toward the best solution in view of all relevant factors.Design is the culmination of engineering educational process; it is the salient feature thatdistinguishes engineering design is found in the curriculum guidelines of the Accreditation Boardfor Engineering and Technology(ABET).ABET accredits curricula in engineering schools andderives its membership from the various engineering professional societies. Each accredited curriculum has a well-defined design component which falls within the ABET statement on design精品文档．精品文档read as follows.Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is decision makingprocess(often iterative),in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resourcesoptimally to meet a sated objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction ,testing, and evaluation. The engineeringdesign component of a curriculum must include most of the following features : development of student creativity, use ofopen-ended problem statement and use of modern design theory and methodology, formulation of design problem statementand specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations, production process, concurrent engineeringdesign, and detailed system descriptions. Further, it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economicfactors, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, and social impact.31、what's the main meaning of message (1)?A) Engineering design is a systematic process B) materials engineer's main workC) mechanical engineer's has good idea D) electrical engineer' main duty32、In the author's opinion, the design process is very complex and should taken into account many factors, from themessage who should NOT join into the design team _______.A) environmentalists,B) sociologistsC) engineersD) Government officials33、From the message, we can know the meaning of words “ABET”(at line third paragraph) is _____.A) a set of accredits standardB) a kind of design methodC) a department of US government which responsible for engineering designD) A set of law34、It can be concluded from the passage that in the exercise and training of student, which character of the following isNOT included in the curriculum ______.A) creativityB) new materialC) ethicsD) economic factors35、The title of the message is ______.A) the roles of engineers in manufacturingB) the importance of mechanical designC) engineering designD) The process of machine designTEXT 2Working drawings are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufacture and assembly of a productbased on its design. The complexity of the design determines the number and types of drawings. Working drawings may be onmore than one sheet and may contain written instructions called specifications.Working drawings are blueprints used for manufacturing products. Therefore, the set of drawings must:(a) completelydescribe the parts, both visually and dimensionally;(b)show the parts in assembly;(3)identify all the parts; and (4)specifystandard parts. The graphics and text information must be sufficiently complete and accurate to manufacture and assemble theproduct without error.共5 页第 2 页精品文档．精品文档Generally, a complete set of Working drawings for an assembly includes:(1) Detail drawings of each nonstandard parts.(2) An assembly or subassembly drawing showing all the standard and nonstandard parts in a single drawing.(3) A bill of materials (BOM). (4) A title block.A detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part, describing the part's shape, size, material, and surface roughness, in sufficient detail for the part to be manufacturedbased on the drawing alone. Detail drawings are produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models. They adhere strictly to ANSI standards and the standard for the specific company, for dimensioning, assigning part numbers, notes, tolerances, etc. In an assembly, standard parts such as threaded fasteners and bearings are not drawn as details, but are shown in the assembly view. Standard parts are not drawn as details because they are normally purchased, not manufactured, for assembly.For large assemblies or assembled with large parts, details are drawn on multiple sheets, and a separate sheet is used for the assembly view. If the assembly is simple or the parts are small, detaildrawings for each part of an assembly can be placed on a single sheet.Multiple details on a sheet are usually drawn at the same scale. If different scales are used,they are clearly marked under each detail. Also, when more than one detail is placed on a sheet, the spacing between details is carefully planned, including leaving sufficient room for dimensions and notes.36. Based on the message, which of the follow is wrong?订A) standard parts needn't drawn as detailsB) for simple parts, sometimes needn't to draw the detail working drawingC) for large assemblies details may drawn on multiple sheetsD) If different scales used in a single sheet, they should clearly marked under each detail37. Working drawings for an assembly MAY NOT includes: ?A) BOM B) title blockC) An assembly or subassembly drawing D) Detail drawings of all parts.38. For detail drawing, Which one of the following statement is not true ?A) should not has different scalesB) Detail drawing can produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computermodels.线C) detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single partD) should Adhere strictly to ANSI standards39. From the message we can infer ANSI is ?A) a set of law B) a set of notificationC) an Organization D) IEEE government40. The topic of the message is ?A) How to design working drawings.B) working drawing's character and the key influence of how to draw a working drawingC) In the design process, what should be considered?What is working drawing D)精品文档．精品文档TEXT 3One principle aim of kinematics is to create (design) the desired motions of the subjects' mechanicalparts and then mathematically compute the positions, velocities, and accelerations, which those will create onthe parts. Since, for most earthbound mechanical systems, the mass remains essentially constant with time,defining the accelerations as a function of time then also defines the dynamic forces as a function of time.Stresses, in turn, will be a function of both applied and inertial (ma) forces. Since engineering design ischarged with creating systems which will not fail during their expected service life, the goal is to keepstresses within acceptable limits for the materials chosen and the environmental conditions encountered. Thisobviously requires that all system forces be defined and kept within desired limits. In machinery, the largestforces encountered are often those due to the dynamics of the machine itself. These dynamic forces areproportional to acceleration, which brings us back to kinematics, the foundation of mechanical design. Verybasic and early decision in the design process involving kinematic principles can be crucial to the success ofany mechanical design; a design which has poor kinematics will prove troublesome and perform badly.Any mechanical system can be classified according to the number of degree of freedom (DOF) which itprocesses. The system's DOF is equal to the number of independent parameters which are needed touniquely define its position in space at any instant of time.A rigid body free to move within a reference frame will, in the general case, has complex motion, whichis a simultaneous combination of rotation and translation. In three-dimensional space, there may be rotationabout any axis and also simultaneous translation which can be resolved into components along three axes. Ina plane, or two-dimensional space, complex motion becomes a combination of simultaneous rotation aboutone axis (perpendicular to the plane) and also translation resolved into components along two axes in theplane41、Kinematics research focus on the following EXCEPT ______..A) accelerations B) forceC) positions, D) velocities42、From the passage that for the design engineer the first and most important is____A) the service life of a machine B) the materials chooseC) the degree of freedom D) kinematic principles43、An mechanical system has uniquely defined position in space at any instant of time that ___.A) It should has one DOFB) It should Has two DOFC) the DOF and the number of independent parameters should equalD) It should has any DOF as want44、which one of the following is NOT TRUE _______?.A) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may rotation about any axisB) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space is a simultaneous combination of rotationand translationC) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space can be resolved into components alongthree axesD) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may has complex motion45、The best title for this passage would be _______.A) kinematics B) dynamicsC) kinematics and dynamic D) the important of kinematics共5 页第 3 页精品文档．精品文档四、英译汉（共20分）1．将下列英语句子译成汉语（共5小题，每小题2分）A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of ）1（a real machine member.Foundations should ensure the machine's stiffness; shock absorption and isolation ）（2are secondary considerations.cyclical or spring a mechanical component such as a is subjected to repetitive Thus, (3)if large after a strength, of applications stress levels much lower than the ultimate it will fracture number of repetitions of this stress.Interchangeability means that identical parts must be interchangeable, i.e., able to replace each 4）（other, whether during assembly or subsequent maintenance work; without the need for any fitting operations.A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with ）（5torque being transmitted through a key.分）、将下段英语翻译成汉语（102As we look around us we see a world full of “things”, machines, devices, tools, things that we 订have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, or are easeto use. Ideally , however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional the answer to been that designers—is, it hs designed so as perceived requirements”as by themajor engineering, the world In it “exactly question, what function should perform?”the of function frequently is to support some type of loading due to weight, inertia , pressure, etc.五、英译汉（共20分）1、将下列分）25小题，每小题句子译成英语（共一个或多个诸如齿轮，链轮，皮带轮和凸轮等类的构件通常借助于销、键、）（1 线花键、卡环或其它装置连接到轴上。
《机械工程专业英语》课程考试试题
《机械工程专业英语》课程考试试题翻译（将下列英文段落翻译成中文，要求表述清晰，语言精练，共4 段文章，每段全分25 分，试卷总分100 分。
）1. Discontinuous Chip. The segmented chip separates into short pieces, which may or may not adhere to each other. Severe distortion of the metal occurs adjacent to the face, resulting in a crack that runs ahead of the tool. Eventually, the shear stress across the chip becomes equal to the shear strength of the material, resulting in fracture and separation. With this type of chip, there is little relative movement of the chip along the tool face. Continuous with a built-up edge. This chip shows the existence of a localized, highly deformed zone of material attached or “welded” on the tool face. Cooling action. Originally it was assumed that cutting fluid improves the cutting performance by its cooling properties alone. That is why the name coolant was given to it.2. Alloy steel owe their properties to the presence of one or more elements other than carbon, namely nickel, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, silicon, vanadium, and copper. Because of their improved physical properties they are used commercially in many ways not possible with carbon steels. Since this chemical separation of the carbon component occurs entirely in the solid state, the resulting structure is a fine mechanical mixture of ferrite and cementite. Specimens prepared by polishing and etching in a weak solution of nitric acid and alcohol reveal the lamellar structure of alternating plates that forms on slow cooling.3. Investment casting is also known as the lost wax process. This process is one of the oldest manufacturing processes. The Egyptians used it in the time of the Pharaohs to make gold jewelry some 5,000 years ago. Full-mold casting is a technique similar to investment casting, but instead ofwax as the expendable material, polystyrene foam is used as the pattern. The foam pattern is coated with a refractory material. The pattern is encased in a one-piece sand mold. As the metal is poured, the foam vaporizes, and the metal takes its place.4. A manual transmission (also known as a stick shift, or standard transmission) is a type of transmission used in automotive applications. Manual transmissions often feature a driver-operated clutch and a movable gear selector, although some do not.。
《机械工程专业英语》测试题(15-17)含答案
《机械工程专业英语》测验题(15-17)一、将下列词组译成汉语1.kinematic chain（运动链）2.skeleton diagram（草图，示意图，简图）3.Gear system/Cam system（齿轮传动系统/凸轮系统）4.uniform motion/nonuniform motion（匀速运动/非匀速运动）5.nonlinear motion（非线性运动）6.kinematic analysis（运动分析）7.schematic diagram（运动简图）8.textile machinery（纺织机械）9.Kinematic design/ kinematic syntheses（运动设计/运动合成）10.machine design（机械设计）11.Gear trains/ Cam mechanisms（轮系，齿轮传动链/凸轮机构）12.dynamic force/inertia force/ static force（动力/惯性力/静力）13.relative velocity/ absolute velocity（相对速度/绝对速度）14.angular acceleration/ tangential acceleration/ centripetal acceleration/ velocity vector（角加速度/切向加速度/向心加速度/速度矢量）15.binary link/ ternary link（二杆组/三杆组）二、将下列短语译成汉语1.Plane and spatial linkages（平面和空间连杆）2.constrained kinematic chain/unconstrained kinematic chain（约束运动链/非约束运动链）3.closed-loop linkage（闭环运动链）4.four-bar linkage（四连杆机构）5.slider-crank (or crank and slider) mechanism（曲柄滑块机构）6.internal combustion engine（内燃机）7.the kinematic analysis of mechanisms（机构运动分析）8.degree of freedom of the mechanism（机构自由度）9.kinematic analysis process /kinematic synthesis process（运动分析步骤/运动合成步骤）10.input angular velocity（输入角速度）11.input angular acceleration（输入角加速度）12.automatic packaging machinery（自动包装机）13.cam-contour dimensions/cam-follower diameters（凸轮轮廓尺寸/凸轮从动件直径）14.mechanical analog computer（机构模拟计算机）15.dead-center position（死点位置）16.crank-rocker linkage/double-rocker linkage/double-crank (drag-link) linkage（曲柄摇杆机构/双摇杆机构/双曲柄机构）17.maximum force component/ resulting output force or torque（最大的力量组成/输出的最大力或力矩）18.output motion variables/input motion variable（输出运动变量/输入运动变量）19.absolute angular positions（绝对角位置）20.velocity polygon method（速度的多边形的方法）21.instantaneous center method/instant center method（瞬心法/即时瞬心法）22.inertia-force analysis of mechanisms and machines（机构和机器的惯性力分析）23.one and the same coordinate system /inertia frame of reference（惯性参考系）24.systematic design of mechanisms（机械设计的系统）25.cam-contour dimensions/cam-follower diameters（凸轮轮廓尺寸/凸轮从动件直径）三、将下列单词译成汉语1.Mechanism（机械，机构，机构学）2.configuration（外形，构造，结构）3.displacement（位移）4.velocity（速度）5.acceleration（加速度）6.gear（齿轮）7.sprocket（链轮）8.pulley（带轮）9.kinematician /dynamics（运动/动力学，力学）10.kinematician（运动）四．翻译下列句子1. The simplest closed-loop linkage is the four-bar linkage, which has three moving links (plus one fixed link) and four pin joints.（最简单的封闭式的连杆机构就是四杆机构，四杆机构有三个运动构件（加上一个固定构件）并且有四个销轴。
机械英语试题及答案解析
机械英语试题及答案解析1. 机械设计中，"bearing"指的是什么？A. 轴承B. 齿轮C. 轴D. 联轴器答案：A解析：在机械英语中，"bearing"指的是轴承，它是一种允许相对运动的机械元件，用于减少运动过程中的摩擦，并支撑机械旋转体，以保持其正确的位置。
2. 什么是"mechanical advantage"？A. 机械效率B. 机械优势C. 机械功率D. 机械能答案：B解析："Mechanical advantage"指的是机械优势，它是一个描述机械装置能够放大输入力的倍数的术语。
机械优势越高，所需的输入力就越小，从而可以更轻松地移动或举起重物。
3. "Gears"在机械英语中是什么意思？A. 齿轮B. 链条C. 皮带D. 滑轮答案：A解析："Gears"在机械英语中指的是齿轮，它们是轮状的机械零件，边缘有齿，可以相互啮合以传递运动和动力。
齿轮在各种机械系统中用于改变速度和扭矩。
4. "Torque"在机械中代表什么？A. 扭矩B. 压力C. 拉力D. 重力答案：A解析："Torque"在机械中代表扭矩，它是衡量旋转力的量度，表示为力与力臂（力的作用点到旋转轴的距离）的乘积。
扭矩是使物体绕轴旋转的力。
5. "Hydraulic system"是什么类型的系统？A. 电气系统B. 液压系统C. 气动系统D. 热力系统答案：B解析："Hydraulic system"指的是液压系统，它是一种利用流体（通常是油）的压力来传递能量的系统。
液压系统广泛应用于各种工业机械中，用于执行精确的线性或旋转运动。
6. "Pneumatic system"与"hydraulic system"的主要区别是什么？A. 一个使用气体，一个使用液体B. 一个用于提升重物，一个用于快速移动C. 一个用于精确控制，一个用于大范围运动D. 一个用于高温环境，一个用于低温环境答案：A解析："Pneumatic system"指的是气动系统，它使用压缩空气作为动力源来驱动各种机械装置。
机电专业英语试题及答案
机电专业英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. Which of the following is not a type of electrical machine?A. GeneratorB. TransformerC. PumpD. Motor答案：C2. The unit of electrical power is:A. VoltB. AmpereC. WattD. Ohm答案：C3. In an electrical circuit, what does the term "resistance" refer to?A. The ability of a material to conduct electricityB. The ability of a material to resist heatC. The ability of a material to resist electricityD. The ability of a material to resist light答案：C4. What is the function of a relay in an electrical system?A. To amplify signalsB. To switch circuits on or offC. To measure currentD. To convert AC to DC答案：B5. What does the acronym PLC stand for in industrial automation?A. Power Line CommunicationB. Personal Learning ComputerC. Programmable Logic ControllerD. Public Limited Company答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）1. The three main components of an electric motor are the stator, the rotor, and the ________.答案：bearings2. The process of converting mechanical energy intoelectrical energy is known as ________.答案：generation3. A ________ circuit is a closed loop through which electric current flows.答案：closed4. The unit of electrical resistance is the ________.答案：ohm5. In a hydraulic system, a ________ is used to convert fluid power into mechanical power.答案：actuator三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. Explain the difference between AC and DC current.答案：AC (Alternating Current) is an electric current whose direction and magnitude change periodically, while DC (Direct Current) is an electric current that flows in a constant direction.2. What are the main components of a typical electrical power distribution system?答案：The main components include power generation, transmission lines, substations, distribution lines, and end-user equipment.3. Describe the function of a capacitor in an electrical circuit.答案：A capacitor in an electrical circuit stores electrical energy in an electric field. It can smooth out voltage fluctuations, filter out noise, and provide a stable voltage supply.4. What are the advantages of using a programmable logic controller (PLC) in industrial automation?答案：PLCs are advantageous due to their reliability, flexibility, ease of programming, and ability to handle multiple inputs and outputs, making them ideal for complex control systems in industrial automation.四、翻译题（每题5分，共20分）1. 将下列句子翻译成英文：“电机的效率是指电机输出的机械功率与输入的电功率之比。
机械工程英语试题及答案
机械工程英语试题及答案一、单选题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "mechanical engineering" refers to:A. The study of machinesB. The design of mechanical systemsC. Both A and BD. None of the above2. What is the basic unit of force in the InternationalSystem of Units (SI)?A. NewtonB. KilogramC. JouleD. Pascal3. In mechanical engineering, the term "stress" is defined as:A. Force divided by areaB. Displacement divided by timeC. Velocity divided by accelerationD. Work divided by energy4. The formula for calculating the moment of a force is:A. Force x distanceB. Force / distanceC. Force * distanceD. Force - distance5. What is the primary function of a bearing in a mechanicalsystem?A. To transmit motionB. To support a loadC. To reduce frictionD. All of the above6. The process of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy is known as:A. ElectrificationB. MagnetizationC. Internal combustionD. External combustion7. Which of the following is not a type of mechanical joint?A. Welded jointB. Bolted jointC. Glued jointD. Riveted joint8. The principle of conservation of energy states that:A. Energy can be created or destroyedB. Energy can only be transformed from one form to anotherC. Energy is always lost during transformationD. Energy is always gained during transformation9. A gear ratio is used to describe the relationship between:A. The speed of two gearsB. The torque of two gearsC. The size of two gearsD. The material of two gears10. The efficiency of a machine is calculated by the formula:A. Output power / Input powerB. Input power * Output powerC. Input power - Output powerD. Output power - Input power二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The SI unit for length is the _______.12. The formula for calculating the area of a circle is_______.13. In a lever, the fulcrum is the point around which the lever _______.14. A hydraulic press uses the principle of _______ to amplify force.15. The term "kinematics" in mechanical engineering deals with the motion of objects without considering the _______ causing the motion.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）16. What is the difference between static and dynamic equilibrium?17. Explain the concept of a four-bar linkage in mechanical systems.18. Describe the function of a cam and follower in a mechanical system.19. What is the significance of the coefficient of frictionin mechanical engineering?四、计算题（每题10分，共20分）20. A force of 500 N is applied to a lever 2 meters long. If the fulcrum is located 0.5 meters from the point where theforce is applied, calculate the moment of the force.21. Given a pulley system with two pulleys and a mechanical advantage of 4, calculate the force required to lift a 2000 N load.五、论述题（每题15分，共30分）22. Discuss the importance of materials selection in mechanical engineering and provide examples.23. Explain the role of kinematics and dynamics in the design of a robotic arm.答案：一、单选题1. C2. A3. A4. C5. D6. C7. C8. B9. A 10. A二、填空题11. meter 12. πr² 13. rotates 14. Pascal's law 15. forces三、简答题16. Static equilibrium refers to a state where the net force and net torque on an object are zero, while dynamic equilibrium is when an object is moving at a constantvelocity under the action of balanced forces.17. A four-bar linkage is a mechanical system consisting of four bars connected in a loop, with at least one of the connections being a pivot. It is used to convert rotary motion into linear or another form of rotary motion.18. A cam and follower are components in a mechanical system where the cam's shape and rotation cause the follower to move in a specific path, often converting rotary motion intolinear motion.19. The coefficient of friction is a measure of the resistance to motion between two surfaces in contact and is crucial in determining the amount of。
(完整版)机械工程专业英语
(完整版)机械工程专业英语Lesson11、the branch of scientific analysis， which deals with motions， time， and forces, is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. Statics deals with the analysis of stationary systems, i。
e。
, those in which time is not a factor, and dynamics deals with systems, which change with time。
对运动时间和作用力作出科学分析的分支成为力学。
他由静力学和动力学两部分组成。
静力学对静止系统进行分析，即在其中不考虑时间这个引述，动力学对事件而变化的系统进行分析.2、Any two such forces acting on a body constitute a couple. The arm of the couple is the perpendicular distance between their lines of action， and the plane of the couple is the plane containing the two lines of action.作用在一个刚体上的两个这样的的里构成一个力偶。
力偶臂是这两个条作用线之间的垂直距离，力偶面是包含着两条作用线的平面。
3、Mechanics deal with two kinds of quantities：scalars and vectors. Scalar quantities are those with which a magnitude alone is associated。
机械专业英语试题及答案汇编
课程机械工程专业英语课程性质（□必修□限选□任选）考试方式（□闭卷□开卷）一、选择题（在每题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）1. If all points in a linkage move in parallel planes the system undergoes planarmotion and the linkage may be described as a .A. planar motionB. planar linkageC. jointsD. slide2. Though frame material and design should handle damping, are sometimesbuilt into frame sections to handle specific problems.A .beams B. holes C. dampers D. screw3. The maximum allowable deflection of a shaft ______ determined by critical speed,gear, or bearing requirements.A. oftenB. mustC. wasD. is usually4. We will have to _____ to better and better solutions as we generate moreinformation.A. repeat many timesB. iteratingC. iterateD. try ways5. If a product configuration is _______ specified and then examined to determinewhether the performance requirements are met.A. finallyB. tentativelyC. temporaryD. have been6. Manufacturing can be defined as the _____ of raw materials into useful productsthrough the use of the easiest and lest-expensive methods.A. transformationB. processingC. processD. transforming7. The planer and knee types of milling machine is _____ because of its flexibility.A. used most commonlyB. most popularC. the most commonly usedD. most powerful8. As a result, the system will vibrate at the frequency of the _____ forceregardless of the initial conditions or natural frequency of the system.A. actionB. excitationC. outD. act9. Before two components are assembled together, the relationship between thedimensions of the mating surfaces_______.A. must be giving outB. should printed clearlyC. must be specifiedD. should be clearly noted10. The main practical advantage of lower pairs is their better ability to trap lubricantbetween their ______ surfaces.A. envelopingB. matingC. outerD. outside11. The word______ itself usually refers to the deterioration of metals and ceramics,while similar phenomena in plastics generally called ______.A. recrystallization…. corrosionB. recrystallization…degradation 更多精品文档题号一二三四五六七八总分得分C. degradation…corrosionD. corrosion… degradation12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.A. are made fromB. are made up ofC. was produced byD. was consist of13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoid operationat speeds.A . lowB .overload C. critical D. hollow14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a .A. patternB. modelC. moldD. patent15. The term is used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole.A. high pairB. low pairC. surface pairD. rotary pair二、完型填空（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16)to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devices. These latter members areamong the “associated parts” considered in this text, as are couplings and universal joint, which serv to (17) the shaft to the source of power or load.A shaft can have a noround cross section, ant it need not necessarily rotate. It can be stationary andserve to (18) a rotating member, such as the short shafts that support the nondriving wheels of anautomobile. The shafts supporting(19) gears can be either rotating or stationary depending on (20)the gear is attached to the shaft or supported by it through bearings.It is apparent that shafts can be subjected to various combinations of axial, bending, and(21) loads, and that these loads may be static or fluctuating. Typically, a rotating shaft transmitting power is(22) to a constant torque (producing a mean torsional stress) together with a completely reversedbending load (producing an alternating bending stress).In addition to satisfying (23) requirements, shafts must be designed so that deflections are within acceptable limits. Excessive (24) shafts deflection can hamper gear performance and cause (25)noise. The associated a ngular deflection can be very destructive to no-self- aligning bearings(eitherplain or rolling). (26) deflection can affect the accuracy of a cam or gear driven mechanism.Furthermore, the greater the flexibility -either lateral or torsional-the lower the corresponding (27)speed.考生注意：考试时间120 分钟试卷总分100 分共 5 页第 1 页更多精品文档专业班级学号姓名Sometimes members like gears and cams are made (28) with shaft, but moreoften such members (which also include pulleys, sprockets, etc)are madeseparately and then(29) shaft. The portion of the mounted member in contactwith the shaft is the hub. Attachment of the hub to the shaft is made in variety ofways. A gear can be gripped (30) between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer,with torque being transmitted through a key. The grooves in the shaft and hub intowhich the key fits are called keyways.16、A) cement B) attached C) connected D) concrete17、A) endure B) transmit C) serve D) connect18、A) support B) meet C) satisfy D) strong19、A) aims B) idler C) terminal D) tomb20、A) due to B) weather C) whether D) for21、A) elasticity B) torsional C) inertia D) acceleration22、A) subjected B)…connect C) and D) From23、A) deeply B) strength C) clearly understand D) long time24、A) identify B) cross C) round D) lateral25、A) lucrative B) objectionable C) attractable D) terrible26、A) Moment B)Torment C) Torsional D) Movement27、A) high B) critical C) first D) important28、A) work B) idealization C) integral D) simplification29、A) mounted onto B) refers C) referring to D) indicates30、A) deformations B) bending limits C) laternal D) axially三、阅读理解（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，填在题头的表中）（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，总计40分）Text 1Engineering design is a systematic process by which solution to the needs of humankind are obtained .The process is applied to problems(needs) of varying complexity .For example,mechanical engineers will use the design process to find an effective, efficient method to convertreciprocating motion to circular motion for the drive train in an intnternal combustion engine;electrical engineers will use the process to design electrical generating systems using falling wateras the power source; and materials engineers use the process to design ablative materials whichenable astronauts to safely reenter the earth’s atmosphere.The vast majority of complex problems in today’s high technology society depend for s not on a single engineering discipline, but on teams of engineers, scientists, environmentalists,economists, sociologists, and legal personnel. Solutions are not only dependent regulations andpolitical influence. As engineers we are empowered with the technical expertise to develop new andimproved products and systems, but at the same time we must be increasingly aware of the impactof our actions on society and the environment in general and work conscientiously toward the bestsolution in view of all relevant factors.Design is the culmination of engineering educational process; it is the salient feature that distinguishes engineering design is found in the curriculum guidelines of the Accreditation Boardfor Engineering and Technology(ABET).ABET accredits curricula in engineering schools andderives its membership from the various engineering professional societies. Each accreditedcurriculum has a well-defined design component which falls within the ABET statement on design装订线更多精品文档。
机械专业英语试题及答案
机械专业英语试题及答案一、词汇题（每题1分，共10分）1. The process of changing a solid object into a liquid by heating is called ________.A. meltingB. evaporationC. condensationD. solidification答案：A2. A device that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy is known as a ________.A. engineB. generatorC. turbineD. pump答案：A3. The study of the forces and motion of objects is called ________.A. physicsB. mechanicsC. thermodynamicsD. fluid dynamics答案：B4. A machine that uses a rotating wheel to lift water is called a ________.A. pumpB. wheelC. turbineD. lever答案：A5. The process of removing heat from a substance is called ________.A. heatingB. coolingC. insulationD. refrigeration答案：D6. The science of measuring the properties of materials is called ________.A. metrologyB. material scienceC. thermodynamicsD. mechanics答案：A7. A machine that uses a pivot point to multiply force is called a ________.A. leverB. pulleyC. wheel and axleD. inclined plane答案：A8. The process of making a solid object by heating a liquidis called ________.A. meltingB. evaporationC. condensationD. solidification答案：D9. A machine that uses a belt and pulley system to transmit motion is called a ________.A. leverB. pulleyC. wheel and axleD. inclined plane答案：B10. The study of the behavior of materials under stress is called ________.A. mechanicsB. material scienceC. thermodynamicsD. fluid dynamics答案：B二、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读以下段落，并回答问题。
机械专业英语试题答卷 中英互译
机械专业英语试题专业：姓名：一请讲下面短语翻译成英语（每题5分，共计50分）1. 材料研究方法Methods of Material Analysis2. 工程材料及成型技术基础Fundamentals of Engineering Material and Forming Technology3. 液压传动与控制Hydraulic Driving and Control4. 工程制图Engineering Drawing5. 机械设计课程设计Course Exercise of Mechanical Design6. 机械设计Mechanical Design7. 网络基础及internet技术Network Principles and Internet Technology8. 金工实习Metalworking Practice9. 理论力学Theoretical Mechanics10.机械设计方法概论Introduction of Mechanical Design Principles二请将下列英文语句翻译成汉语：（每题10分，共计50分）1. A tensile test consists of slowly pulling a sample of material with a tensile load until it breaks. The ends of tensile specimens are usually enlarged to provide extra area for grip-ping and to avoid having the sample break where it is being gripped.拉伸试验包括慢慢加载拉伸载荷直到断裂。
拉伸试件两端加粗为了提供装夹区域和避免试件断裂。
2. The usual manner of conducting the test is to deform the specimen at a constant speed. For example, in the universal testing machines, the motion between the fixed and moving crossheads can be controlled at a constant speed.通常进行试验的方法就是使试件以恒定速度发生变形。
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2010-2011学年度第一学期《机械工程专业英语》测验题(15-17)一、将下列词组译成汉语1.kinematic chain（运动链）2.skeleton diagram（草图，示意图，简图）3.Gear system/Cam system（齿轮传动系统/凸轮系统）4.uniform motion/nonuniform motion（匀速运动/非匀速运动）5.nonlinear motion（非线性运动）6.kinematic analysis（运动分析）7.schematic diagram（运动简图）8.textile machinery（纺织机械）9.Kinematic design/ kinematic syntheses（运动设计/运动合成）10.m achine design（机械设计）11.G ear trains/ Cam mechanisms（轮系，齿轮传动链/凸轮机构）12.d ynamic force/inertia force/ static force（动力/惯性力/静力）13.r elative velocity/ absolute velocity（相对速度/绝对速度）14.a ngular acceleration/ tangential acceleration/ centripetal acceleration/ velocity vector（角加速度/切向加速度/向心加速度/速度矢量）15.b inary link/ ternary link（二杆组/三杆组）二、将下列短语译成汉语1.Plane and spatial linkages（平面和空间连杆）2.constrained kinematic chain/unconstrained kinematic chain（约束运动链/非约束运动链）3.closed-loop linkage（闭环运动链）4.four-bar linkage（四连杆机构）5.slider-crank (or crank and slider) mechanism（曲柄滑块机构）6.internal combustion engine（内燃机）7.the kinematic analysis of mechanisms（机构运动分析）8.degree of freedom of the mechanism（机构自由度）9.kinematic analysis process /kinematic synthesis process（运动分析步骤/运动合成步骤）10.i nput angular velocity（输入角速度）11.i nput angular acceleration（输入角加速度）12.a utomatic packaging machinery（自动包装机）13.c am-contour dimensions/cam-follower diameters（凸轮轮廓尺寸/凸轮从动件直径）14.m echanical analog computer（机构模拟计算机）15.d ead-center position（死点位置）16.c rank-rocker linkage/double-rocker linkage/double-crank (drag-link) linkage（曲柄摇杆机构/双摇杆机构/双曲柄机构）17.m aximum force component/ resulting output force or torque（最大的力量组成/输出的最大力或力矩）18.o utput motion variables/input motion variable（输出运动变量/输入运动变量）19.a bsolute angular positions（绝对角位置）20.v elocity polygon method（速度的多边形的方法）21.i nstantaneous center method/instant center method（瞬心法/即时瞬心法）22.i nertia-force analysis of mechanisms and machines（机构和机器的惯性力分析）23.o ne and the same coordinate system /inertia frame of reference（惯性参考系）24.s ystematic design of mechanisms（机械设计的系统）25.c am-contour dimensions/cam-follower diameters（凸轮轮廓尺寸/凸轮从动件直径）三、将下列单词译成汉语1.Mechanism（机械，机构，机构学）2.configuration（外形，构造，结构）3.displacement（位移）4.velocity（速度）5.acceleration（加速度）6.gear（齿轮）7.sprocket（链轮）8.pulley（带轮）9.kinematician /dynamics（运动/动力学，力学）10.k inematician（运动）四．翻译下列句子1. The simplest closed-loop linkage is the four-bar linkage, which has three moving links (plus one fixed link) and four pin joints.（最简单的封闭式的连杆机构就是四杆机构，四杆机构有三个运动构件（加上一个固定构件）并且有四个销轴。
）2. Although the four-bar linkage and slider-crank mechanism are very useful and found in thousands of applications, we can see that these linkages have limited performance level.(虽然四杆机构和曲柄滑块机构是非常有用而且在成千上万的应用中都可找到。
但是我们还看到，这些连杆机构其性能水平的发挥已经受到限制。
)3. The process of drawing kinematic diagrams and determining degrees of freedom ofmechanisms are the first steps in both the kinematic analysis and synthesis process.（画运动图和确定机构自由度的过程，就是运动分析和综合过程的第一个阶段。
）4. The ability to visualize relative motion, to reason why a mechanism is designed the way it is, and the ability to improve on a particular design are marks of a successful kinematician.（设想相对运动的能力，能推想出之所以这样设计一个机构的原因和对一个具体设计进行改进的能力是一个成功的机构学家的标志。
）5.Kinematic inversion is the process of fixing different links of a chain to create different mechanisms.（这个过程的动态反演是固定的,不同的连接创造出不同的机制。
）6.There are three customary tasks for kinematic synthesis: function generation, path generation and motion generation.（对于运功的综合，惯例上有三个任务:函数的生成、轨迹生成和运动生成。
）五．翻译下列短文1.A kinematic chain is a system of links, that is, rigid bodies, which are either jointed together or are in contact with one another in a manner that permits them to move relative to one another. If one of the links is fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will cause each of the other links to move to definite predictable position, the system is aconstrained kinematic chain. If one of the links is held fixed and the movement of any other link to a new position will not cause each of the other links to move to a definite predictable position, then the system is an unconstrained kinematic chain.（运动链是一个构件系统装置即若干个刚体，它们或者彼此铰接或者互相接触，方式上是允许它们彼此间产生相对运动。
如果构件中的某一构件被固定而使任何其他一个构件运动到新的位置将会引起其他各个构件也运动到确定的预期的位置上的话，该系统装置就是一个可约束的运动链。
如果构件中的某一构件仍保持固定而使任一运动到达一新的位置而不会使其他各个构件运动到一个确定的预期的位置上的话，则该系统装置是一个非约束运动链。
）2. A mechanism or linkage is a constrained kinematic chain, and is a mechanical device that has the purpose of transferring motion and/or force from a source to an output. A linkage consists of links (or bars), generally considered rigid, which are connected by joints, such as pin (or revolute) or prismatic joints, to form open or closed chains (or loops). Such kinematic chains, with at least one link fixed, become (1) mechanisms if at least two other links remain mobility, or (2) structures if no mobility remains. In other words, a mechanism permits relative motion between its "rigid links"; a structure does not. Since linkages make simple mechanisms and can be designed to perform complex tasks, such as nonlinear motion and force transmission, they will receive much attention in mechanism study.（机构或连杆构件是一个可约束的传动链而且是一个从输入到输出以传递运动和（或）力为目的的机械装置。