屠皓民英语语法基础讲义

合集下载

高一英语语法(全)讲义精讲,DOC

高一英语语法讲义一、句子成分及简单句五种基本句型一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendeci ded.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontim e.（代词）名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。

例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。

英语二知识点串讲(新)

① 正确答案经常与中心思想有关。 ② 正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。 ③ 正确答案经常运用的原则是：同义替换、正话反说、反话正说。
1. 正确答案的特征：
④ 从语气角度来看，正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。如：can, may, might, possible, not necessarily, some. ⑤ 正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性。
解题方法
表示并列关系的词：
and、as well as、similarly and题型三种做题方法： ①、选同义词； ②、选同一范围词； ③、句子对应成分分析
解题方法
表示递进关系的词： also、furthermore、indeed、 moreover、still、highlighting、in particular
第二，仔细审题，返回原文。
定位原则： ①通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。（关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等） ②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的。 ★ 要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。
第三，微观阅读：
精细理解，重叠选项，得出答案。（重叠原文=对照原文）
英语（二）题型知识点串讲
主讲老师：屠皓民
第一部分完形填空
考查内容
词汇辨析语法结构逻辑理解
完形特点
⑴ 文章字数：240—280之间； ⑵ 首段首句一般不出题，是主旨句，除首句外基本每句话都要出题； ⑶ 文章结构以总分结构展开； ⑷ 每篇文章都有明确的主题和作者态度； ⑸ 逻辑关系非常明确：
6、推理题：“最近原则”
④ 推理题的最近答案原则：不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推的好。(原文的某句话变个说法) 注意：做题时不能想得太多，推得过远。是否把原文读懂才是关键。

考研英语长难句讲义

考研英语长难句突破课程讲义主讲：屠皓民第一讲句子的基本成分句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语/表语、定语、状语和补语。

注：“_____”的部分是主干部分。

例：Such characteristics make them perfect candidates.谓语是整个句子的最重要的部分，也是整个句子的突破口。

只有谓语是没有从句的概念的。

一、谓语1、实义动词，即行为动词，watch, play及物动词：后面直接宾语不及物动词：后面加介词+宾语We have friends all over the world.The examination ended at 11:30 am.They are looking for the lost wallet..不及物动词有的时候也可以做及物动词来用，比如close，begin, study, leave, work等The post offices close at 9:00 o’clock PM.Close the window!形式变化：时态变化，语态变化，用情态动词+实义动词的原型，情态动词+ have+过去分词形式2、系动词(构成系表结构)Be动词持续的系动词：keep，taste，…后面加形容词He always kept silent at the meeting.The search proved difficult.二、主语和宾语(1)认识名词：①名词是用来表示人，事物，地点，以及抽象事物名称的。

比如：人：John，sister，father事物：water，air，sun，computer地点：London，theater抽象事物：love，happiness，imagination，hope②名词的数：注意单复数③名词的格：‘s以及of逻辑语义：Rachel：I’m Carol’s ex-husband's sister's roommate.Doctor：I’m your roommate's brother's ex-wife's obstetrician. (产科医生)——老友记of: 理清逻辑语义表示所有关系：翻译方法：“A of B”翻译成“B的A”The rapidity of the motion of the wing of the hummingbird is remarkable.The coming of age of post-war baby boom brought remarkable influence upon American society.特殊：China is proud of its five thousand years of the history and culture.(2)语法功能：充当句子中主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语等成分。

考研必看

2012【何凯文】文du考研英语基础长难句视频：
/source/43100/
2012【王一珉】考研政治基础课程（视频+下载含讲义）:
/source/42856/
2012【李永乐】考研数学复习全书及习题全解《数一+数三》【电子书】:
/source/42719/
2012版考研英语【宫东风】序列之一：《词汇速记标准全书》PDF电子书下载：
/source/42231/
2012版考研英语【宫东风】序列之二：《写作核心词汇》PDF电子书下载：
/source/42270/
/source/35717/
2011年【王江涛】新东方考研英语作文必背20篇范文:
/source/35648/
2011【新东方】考研英语强化班完型视频汇总:
/source/31440/
2012【任汝芬】xdf考研政治哲学基础班swf版【讲义+视频】：
/source/45197/
2012【屠浩民】新东方考研英语【初级+高级】语法讲义下载：
/source/45211/
2012年【考研政治】真题题源(2年详解7年透析)PDF电子书下载：
/source/41254/
2012【范猛】xdf考研英语阅读:
/source/43407/
2001-2011【考研政治真题】内含详细答案:
/source/43406/
/source/43243/
2012【王江涛】xdf考研英语写作视频下载：
/source/43233/
2012新东方【屠皓民】考研英语四小时精品语法课程:
/source/43394/

【笔记版】考研英语词汇分类总结(屠皓民)

2018考研英语词汇分类总结屠皓民主讲1.经济类economist经济学家economy 节约economic economicaltraditional virtues, such as 厉行节约practicing economybull market 牛市= economic boom/ prosperity = thrive / flourish (v.) bear market 熊市= economic recession/ downturneconomic policy 经济政策=monetary policy 货币政策= fiscal policyeconomic fluctuation经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability经济稳定[stable = steady]inflation 通货膨胀stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气devaluation (货币)贬值duty 税DFS[duty free shop]care-free / care for / care about /child-freex-freetax-free免税的joint venture 合资企业joint 连接make joint efforts to** We are expected to make joint efforts to advocate the traditional virtues, such as..... venture --- adventurejoint venture**ad- adore ad- oral English or- 说Adore 反复说---在意，爱慕，倾慕I adore you. / I love you.adhere toinherent 内在的，与生俱来的advocateinfrastructurebudget预算deficit 赤字consolidation 兼并【con- solid ation】merge merger 兼并emerge 出现---emergence 出现/// emergency 紧急事件submerge出现浸入，subway subconscious submarine[Subway赛百味]词汇辨析——单词完型contract合同con- tract拉tractor拖拉机attractcontract v. 缩短n. 协议，合同甲方乙方partyaffiliate（n./v.）分公司,附属机构；使附属于accustom accompany affix affirm acclaim appraise appropriate assimilateaffiliate fill填充，加入affiliate 。

2012新东方考研屠皓民重点语法长难句讲义

新东方考研英语考研重点语法(长难句分)突破高级语法讲义 (1)省略： (2)定语从句的回顾 (2)定语从句省略 (2)状语从句省略 (3)独立主格结构 (4)虚拟语气 (5)倒装： (6)全部倒装 (6)部分倒装 (7)实例练习（1） (9)实例练习（2） (9)否定： (10)全部否定和部分否定 (10)双重否定 (10)实例练习 (11)长难句分析 (12)实例练习 (12)非谓语动词 (13)插入语 (15)强调句 (16)屠皓民长难句突破班省略：定语从句的回顾Fruit that contains vitamin C can relieve a cold. The man who we met yesterday is a famous psychologist. iuThis is the right book that you are looking for.二、关系词充当宾语的时候三、关系词充当主语（1）谓语结构为实词（2）谓语结构为be + 名词四、先行词为the way定语从句省略A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone, amicro-processor and memory, and a GPS (全球定位系统) satellite positioning receiver. （06。

6 旧）She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. （06。

6 旧）Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic (长久的) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent.（06。

考研英语语法及长难句讲义

考研英语语法及长难句讲义主讲：屠皓民屠皓民：新东方在线考研语法辅导名师，有着丰富的教学经验，主讲考研英语语法及长难句、英语二阅读理解等课程。

屠老师的课堂气氛活跃，知识性和趣味性相互结合，通过整体框架式教学模式，采用引导式、推理式教学理念，遵循结合式教学，即渗入考试要点和溶入基础知识紧密结合，培养学生能力、语法体系、阅读技能和写作基础，为学生以后的学习打下坚实的基础。

1Part One英语语法基本句型：简单句&并列句1．简单句的构成My father is listening to the popular music in the garden.The handsome boy is my brother.主语谓语宾语定语状语表语补语简单句的五种形式：（1）主语+谓语(不及物动词）；（2）主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语；（3）主语+谓语+宾语+补语；（4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；（5）主语+系动词+表语。

谓语▪ 实义动词①及物动词watch, see②不及物动词sit▪ 系动词①be动词；②一些实义动词用作系动词：feel, taste, smell等；▪ He is crying.▪ Parents watch TV every night.▪ My father gave me some advice.▪ We can make our country beautiful.▪ The boy is the tallest in the class.▪2．并列句两个简单句并列在一起，中间用一些连接词连接起来的句子。

并列句不能只用逗号隔开，而要用连接词连接。

连接词：（1）并列关系句型：连接词有and, either…or…，neither…nor…, not only…but also…eg: Last year I met Kate and we became friends.Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it.（2）转折概念并列句型：转折词有buteg: It has no mouth, but it can talk.（3）对比关系的并列句型：eg: He liked sports, while I would rather collect stamps.简单句和并列句是复合句的基础。

考研词汇长难句讲义-屠皓民

海天考研词汇长难句讲义屠皓民1.With regard to Futurist poetry, however，the case is rather difficult，for whateverFuturist notary may be ——even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right —— it can hardly be classed as Literature.2.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessarymode of working of the human mind; it is simply the modes by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.3.Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primaryreason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.4.In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces notonly the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.5.When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find outwhat its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.6.It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leavesrailroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.7.By contrast，they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750，whenEngland was still a completely agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.8.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul crushingly hard,Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”9.Often it’s the delivery that causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly andremember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a lighthearted remark.10.Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevantrespect，extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.11.Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the worldto produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.12.Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins,it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.13.The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise,market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.14.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.15.If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost,this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.16.However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins andhumans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.17.They are the possessions of the autonomous man of traditional theory, and they areessential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.18.As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years,their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.19.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they should n’t have had kids, butunhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.20.The communications revolution has influenced both work and leisure and how wethink and feel both about place and time, but there have been controversial views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications.21.Changes in the social structure may indirectly affect juvenile crime rates. Forexample, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.22.Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, fromgas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.23.As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.24.This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came tothe conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.。

高一英语语法(全)讲义精讲精编版

高一英语语法讲义一、句子成分及简单句五种基本句型一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become mo re and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Sm oking does harm to the health.（动名词）The ri ch should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。

考研英语语法精讲讲义——屠皓民

考研英语语法精讲讲义北京新东方学校国内部屠皓民总述1. 考研语法的重要性2. 考研语法有哪些简单句20%并列句10%三大从句60%特殊句法10%3. 考研语法怎么考直接考查（1）完形填空The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener ___ interfere with his comprehension.A. whoB. asC. whichD. what分析：The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener ___ interfere with his comprehension.used by the speaker 分词结构充当the words 的修饰定语；句子的主体结构为the words may stir up unfavorable reactions；填空部分引导从句修饰名词reactions（2）书面表达语言多样化The boy is standing there. He was praised by the teacher.The boy who was praised by the teacher is standing there.间接考查（1）理解阅读理解文章，对比选项帮助理解阅读理解People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.”句子主体：People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption”（2）分析翻译部分长句完成翻译考题中的句子分析Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own.语言考点：部分倒装+定语从句第一讲定语从句It is Liu Yinan.Liu Yinan likes playing volleyball.用who替代指代人的相同名词who引导的句子放在相同名词的后面It is Liu Yinan who likes playing volleyball. （who代替Liu Yinan）He enjoys reading newspapers.Newspapers can tell him a lot of knowledge.用which替代指代物的相同名词which引导句子放在相同名词的后面He enjoys reading newspapers which can tell him a lot of knowledge.(which替代newspapers) The boy is my brother.He helped me.= The boy who helped me is my brother.This is the mountain village.I visited it last year.= This is the mountain village which/that I visited last year.定语从句：用who/which/that等关系代词引导一个句子修饰前面的名词The factory is over there.My father worked in it ten years ago.= The factory which my father workedin ten years ago is over there.The factory in which my father worked ten years ago is over there.His father died that year.He was born in that year.= His father died that yearwhich he was born in.His father died that year in which he was born.I cannot forget the dayMy family moved into the city on that day.= I cannot forget the day which my family moved into the city on.I cannot forget the day on which my family moved into the city.His father died that year in which he was born.in which= in whichHis father died that year when he was born.I cannot forget the day on which my family moved into the city.I cannot forget the day when my family moved into the city.The factory in which my father worked ten years ago is over there.The factory where my father worked ten years ago is over there.定语从句：用who/which/that等关系代词和where/when等关系副词引导一个句子修饰前面的名词第二讲定语从句的拆分Have you heard of a pig that is nearly as smart as a human being?从句部分：that is nearly as smart as a human beingAn elephant and a mouse fell in love with each other, which is most unusual.从句部分：which is most unusual 非限定性定语从句定语从句类型非限定性定语从句He got the first prize, which is out of my expectation.限定性定语从句Have you finished the work that the teacher asked?I have a sister who is a nurse.I have a sister, who is a nurse.区别：【1】从句作用不同【2】翻译方式不同The speed at which China’s economy has been growing in the past decade is remarkable.从句部分：at which China’s economy has been growing in the past decade拆分步骤1. 圈定句中动词2. 圈定句中关系代词或关系副词3. 动词1+ 关系词+动词2关系词+ 动词1 + 动词2The child whose parents died in the car crash was left in the care of his grandparents.The first case of bird flu that was reported in Thailand captured the attention of officials from WHO. She has the confidence with which she can overcome every obstacle that she may come across in her life.第三讲定语从句的省略句子主体构成The teacher praised the boy.主谓宾The man is the professor of the university.主系表I know the girl who comes from Beijing.I know the boy who was praised by the teacher.The book which is related to the development has been published recently.当关系词在从句中充当主语时，可以省略，后面的动词发生形式变化——主动语态时，动词变成-ING形式被动语态时，动词保留过去分词形式I know the girl who comes from BJ.I often like reading short novels which were written by Hemingway.I often like reading short novels written by Hemingway.I raise a dog which is named KING.* I raise a dog named KING.I believe the candidate who made the speech in the assembly yesterday is sure to win the support.*I believe the candidate making the speech in the assembly yesterday is sure to win the support.I know the boy who was praised by the teacher.The book which is related to the development has been published recently.They lived in a house facing the south.= They lived in a house which faced the south.The workers working in the factory are well-paid.= The workers who work in the factory are well-paid.= The workers who are working in the factory are well-paid.The tie worn by our head was made in Shanghai.= The tie which is worn by our head was made in Shanghai.The book written by Wang sells well.= The book which was written by Wang sells well.第四讲定语从句真题演练America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.For a while,it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-centur y department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.”The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells.第五讲特殊句型之倒装基本句型主谓宾定状表I like watching the romantic movies in my spare time.He is a famous teacher in this university.谓语动词的助动词watch--- dowatched--- didwatches--- doeshas/have watched--- has/havehad watched--- hadcan watch --- can全部倒装——谓语动词放置在主语之前An old man lives in the city center.= In the city center lives an old man.A temple stands on the mountain.= On the mountain stands a temple.全部倒装？强调句中的地点副词或状语There goes the bus.In the city center lives an old man.Under the tress sat a wounded soldier.With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation house-holds.考研阅读全部倒装难点：分词结构的倒装(a) All kinds of sea animal bodies are buried in the deep sea.(b) Our teacher was walking at the head of the line.(a)Buried in the deep sea are all kinds of sea animal bodies.(b)Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.(a) Added to the stress is their opportunity for stress. (2008)(b) Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.部分倒装——主语和谓语动词位置不变，将谓语动词的助动词放置到主语的前面。

考研英语5500词汇分频记忆屠皓民pdf

考研英语5500词汇分频记忆屠皓民pdfTitle: Memorizing the 5500 Vocabulary Words for the Postgraduate Entrance Exam by Tu HaominAs postgraduate entrance exams become increasingly competitive, students are constantly looking for effective ways to improve their English vocabulary. One popular resource that has gained recognition in recent years is the book "Memorizing the 5500 Vocabulary Words for the Postgraduate Entrance Exam" by Tu Haomin.This comprehensive vocabulary book is designed to help students enhance their English vocabulary for the postgraduate entrance exam. It covers a wide range of topics and includes essential vocabulary words that are commonly tested on the exam. The book is divided into different sections, each focusing on a specific topic such as education, science, technology, and more.One of the key features of this book is its frequency-based approach to vocabulary learning. Tu Haomin has carefully selected 5500 high-frequency words that are frequently used in academic texts and exams. By focusing on these words, studentscan build a strong foundation of vocabulary that will be beneficial for the postgraduate entrance exam.Moreover, Tu Haomin provides various memory techniques and exercises to help students retain and recall the vocabulary words more effectively. From flashcards to mnemonics, students can choose the learning method that works best for them. Additionally, the book also includes practice questions and sample sentences to help students understand the usage of each word in context.Many students who have used this book commend Tu Haomin for his clear and concise explanations, as well as his meticulous selection of vocabulary words. By following the strategies outlined in the book, students can improve their English vocabulary skills and increase their chances of success on the postgraduate entrance exam.In conclusion, "Memorizing the 5500 Vocabulary Words for the Postgraduate Entrance Exam" by Tu Haomin is a valuable resource for students preparing for the postgraduate entrance exam. With its comprehensive coverage of high-frequency words and effective memory techniques, this book can help students enhance their vocabulary skills and achieve their academic goals.。

浩海学校高中英语语法精讲(Unit Inventions)第二册

涝酒州涉消市浩海学校语法精讲定语从句定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择关键是要注意分析它们在从句中所作的句子成分，如果作主语、宾语、表语、定语，则用关系代词which,that,who,whom,whose；若作状语，则用关系副词when,where,why。

注意下列情况：1.只用that（1）当先行词是不定代词，如all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,the one 等时。

（2）先行词（指物的）前面有only,few,one of,little,no,all,every,very等词修饰时。

（3）先行词被序数词first,last,next等或形容词的最高级修饰时。

（4）当先行词既有人又有物时。

（5）当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时。

如：China isn’t the country that she used to be 50 years ago.He is no longer the man that he used to be.It’s a book that will help you a great deal.（6）当主句是以who,which或what开头的特殊疑问句时。

（7）当主句以There be…结构开头时。

如：There is a seat in the corner that is still free.There are two tickets of the film that are for you.（8）当先行词是what时，如：What did you hear that made you so angry?（9）当先行词是基数词时。

如：Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.Now you can see the two thatare still alive.2.只用which（1）在非限制性定语从句中充当主语或定语时。

屠皓民-英语大纲解析文字版 (1)

大纲无变化，考试时间提前，不影响复习安排——海天考研屠屠老师解说考研英语大纲屠皓民：各位同学大家好，我是海天考研的英语主讲教师屠皓民，2015的考研大纲已经出来了，我手上已经拿到最新的版本，首先我们先来说一下考研大纲的变化情况，我想告诉大家一个特别搞笑的事情，今年的变化你们可以看一下，这是英语一，这是英语二，大家发现英语一只是从黄色变成了黄色，英语二从蓝色变成了全蓝，整个大纲唯一的变化是在大纲后方加了一下答题卡，这是我在课上一直给你们展示的答题卡。

因此通过这个变化可以看出来，考研英语遵循着前几年出题思路和整个解题的一个方略。

下面说一下，面对这样一个小小的微调，我们应该如何准备后面的学习，以及后面整个复习的安排，从现在开始到整个考试之前，大家做的是三个阶段。

因为今年的考研时间，从元旦调到了2014年12月27号、28号，提前一个星期，对于很多同学来说一定会有心态上的影响，说提前一个星期怎么办，只要参加过考研的同学都会发现最后一周带来的影响是很小的，因为最后一周只是在不断的什么呢，调整心态参加考试，所以请大家不要过度担心。

从现在开始到12月27号之前分成三部分，第一部分从现在开始到10月中旬，或者中下旬之前，仍然将你手头上没有做完的真题进行全面分析。

所谓全面分析是什么概念，对完型、阅读、翻译、新题型和写作来进行不同题型的不同复习方法。

下面说一下，完型填空把所有的题目弄懂，怎么选的，为什么选这个，以及四个选项的单词怎么记住，这个很关键，这个不做过多精细的分析。

阅读理解是大家每天复习的一个大量，需要将文章从头到尾进行做题，控制时间20分钟左右，做完从头到尾做全部的翻译，这个翻译过程中既可以积累词汇和分析长难句，同时还弄懂这个题目的出题思路、解题方法等等，我们后面的翻译题的话，对于我们英语一的同学来说，如果不考数学，可以把全篇文章做一个整体的翻译，考数学的同学，由于时间不够，只需要把我们的五句话弄透就可以了，新题型只需要把真题做完，不需要做大量的模拟，写作是复习的大头，建议大家每个星期背三篇大作文，两篇小作文，这个阶段主要分析真题和分析高分范文，进行背诵和默写，这个过程就可以了。

词汇直播课讲义-屠屠老师

英语词汇分类总结主讲教师：屠皓民一．经济类1.joint adj.联合的，共同的◆真题例句The overall productivity of an economy is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. （1998年英语一阅读Text 2）2.contract n.合同◆真题例句In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to make a free contract with another private individual. （1994年英语一阅读Text 1）3.fund n.基金；储备；（复）资金◆真题例句It was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents , approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. （2010年英语一阅读Text 2）4.decline v.下降，下跌；衰退；谢绝◆真题例句The most far-reaching change has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. （2010年英语一阅读Text 1）petitive adj.竞争的，比赛的；好胜的；具有竞争力的◆真题例句Qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. （2017年英语一翻译）6.capital n.资本,资金◆真题例句The independence of standard-setters is essential to the proper functioning of capital markets. （2010年英语一阅读Text 4）7.enterprise (n.) 企业；艰巨的事业；事业心，进取心，创业精神◆真题例句Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. （2012年英语一翻译）8.financial adj.财政的，财务的，金融的◆真题例句A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. （2015年英语一阅读Text 2）9.employee n.受雇者，雇员◆真题例句Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation,and the harsh reality. （2007年英语一阅读Text 3）10.stock n.库存，存货；贮藏，储存；股票◆真题例句The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. （2010年英语一阅读Text 4）11.profit n.利润，收益；好处，裨益◆真题例句The report makes heavy reading for publishers who have made handsome profits. （2008年英语一阅读Text 2）12.boom n.繁荣；激增◆真题例句Investors now view stock-market swings as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. （2004年英语一阅读Text 3）13.prosperity n.繁荣；昌盛，兴旺◆真题例句The report deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. （2014年英语一阅读Text 4）14.flourish v.繁荣，茂盛，兴旺◆真题例句It often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. （2003年英语一阅读Text 3）15.budget n.预算◆真题例句Half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is, no one knows which half. （2013年英语一阅读Text 2）16.depression n.沮丧；不景气，萧条◆真题例句During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less. （2011年英语二阅读Text 3）17.impose v.征税；把…强加给◆真题例句Our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeatedstrain imposed by oversize limbs. （2008年英语一阅读Text 3）18.property n.财产，资产，所有物；房地产，不动产◆真题例句He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company. （1997年英语一阅读Text 4）19.transaction n.处理，办理；交易，事务◆真题例句Conrail’s net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. （2003年英语一阅读Text 3）20.charge v.索（价），收费；控告；充电◆真题例句Railroads charged all customers the same average rate. （2003年英语一阅读Text 3）21.delivery n.投递；交付；分娩◆真题例句The development of technologies enables the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations. （1995年英语一阅读Text 3）bour n.劳动；（复）工作，任务；劳工，劳动阶级◆真题例句In the last half of the nineteenth century “capital” and “labour” were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. （1996年英语一阅读Text 3）23.output n.产量；输出量◆真题例句The intellectual and emotional reaction receives little attention as compared with physical output. （2009年英语一翻译）24.promote v.促进，增进◆真题例句Continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. （2009年英语一阅读Text 3）25.manufacture v.制造，加工；编造，捏造◆真题例句If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day are results of manufactured habits. （2010年英语一阅读Text 3）26.occupation n.占领，占据；职业◆真题例句A small group of Hawaiians have long viewed their presence as a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation. （2017年英语一阅读Text 2）27.permit v.允许，许可◆真题例句They are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services. （1994年英语一阅读Text 1）28.profitable adj.有利可图的；有益的◆真题例句Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable. （1998年英语一阅读Text 2）merce n.商业，贸易◆真题例句Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. （1999年英语一阅读Text 2）30.fierce adj.凶猛的；狂热的真题例句Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. （2003年英语一阅读Text 3）其它考研英语高频经济类词汇【可参照《真题词汇秒学妙用》进行自测】even count ratio earnnumber stem account pacesubstance energy amount benefitessential shift consume firmavailable trust order togethercut dependent lay privateappropriate goal intend labeloperation sound compare consequenceeffort establish potential wavehit worth credit concentratesite stake bid independentperform trade contract coreexcess fuel relative trafficchannel due figure gainoutlet rival board copedamage deed depress efficientgiant threaten sustain conductreward scale storage associateestimate exceed excessive exclusivelystaff mechanism director executivewage deliberately enrich foundationgenerate implement capable incorporateintervene isolate undergo easerage hold extend rejectpiece expand fault interiordegree delay dependence derivedeserve device entertain extentignore impressive proportion scopesystematic task accurate displayengage enormous largely mereprolong optimistic additional adjustbelt dominant enhance equipflight fulfill gather gradualhospitality improvement indicate necessarilyfever alternative attain diminisheffectively machinery request savingurban sweep commission compensatecontend economics elaborate fertilemeasurable prevail prior profoundquote squeeze deliberate energeticexpansion extensive yield tightcommercial consumption tax efficiencyguarantee master port regularsignificance approval domestic interviewprocedure sample accuracy opponentregulate fortune二．教育类1.discipline n.训练，磨炼，纪律，学科真题例句They reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills—and in their choices on when to share on social media. （2018年英语一阅读Text 2）2.intellectual n.知识分子adj.智力的，脑力的；需要动脑的◆真题例句Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation . （2007年英语一翻译）3.literary adj. 文学的◆真题例句A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouse established. （2018年英语一翻译）4.brains n. 智力◆真题例句When we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells. （2009年英语一阅读Text 1）5.subject n.主题，科目，主语；v.使遭受，使服从；adj.易遭…的，受…支配的◆真题例句The computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review . （2009年英语一阅读Text 2）6.means n.方法，手段◆真题例句University men were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. （2018年英语一翻译）7.mental adj.精神的，心理的，智力的◆真题例句Scoring is based on a statistical population distribution, rather than dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. （2007年英语一阅读Text 2）8.identify v.认出，识别；发现，察觉；认同，理解，体会◆真题例句Joshua Greenberg takes a more empirical approach to universality，identifying traits shared by many language. （2012年英语一翻译）9.measure v.衡量，估量；测量;n.计量制；标准量；尺度，标准；（复）措施◆真题例句Traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge. （2007年英语一阅读Text 2）10.acquire v.获得；购得；获得（技能），养成（习惯）◆真题例句Disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge. （2011年英语一新题型）11.major adj.较大的；较重大的；主要的;n.主修科目，主修课程，专业◆真题例句The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years. （2008年英语一阅读Text 3）12.obtain v.获得，得到；存在；流行◆真题例句In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. （2015年英语一阅读Text 2）position n.作品；作文；乐曲；组成；结构◆真题例句While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed. （2009年英语一阅读Text 4）14.project v.拟定，设计；投射；伸出，突出；预测，推断;n.计划；方案；科研项目，课题◆真题例句Databases used by some companies lump together information from different research projects. （2009年英语一阅读Text 2）15.patent v.取得（某项发明或方法的）专利权;adj.明显的；有专利的，受专利权保护的◆真题例句The computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented . （2009年英语一阅读Text 2）16.mind n.头脑，大脑；思想，思维;v.照看；留心，注意；介意，反对◆真题例句He expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. （2008年英语一翻译）17.demonstrate v.表明，证明；显示，表露；进行示威游行或集会；示范，演示◆真题例句They demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. （2012年英语一阅读Text 1）18.academic adj.学院的；学术的；学究式的；纯理论的，空谈的◆真题例句Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change. （2005年英语一阅读Text 4）19.physics n.物理学◆真题例句Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. （2014年英语一阅读Text 3）20.civilization n.文明，文化◆真题例句“Shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for thehighest purpose of a great civilization. （1996年英语一阅读Text 3）21.formula n.方案；公式，程式◆真题例句It’s time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. （2014年英语二阅读Text 3）22.psychological adj.心理的，心理学的◆真题例句It is financially terrifying, psychologicallyembarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard toget. （2014年英语一阅读Text 1）23.institution n.协会；制度，习俗◆真题例句One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. （1995年英语一阅读Text 4）24.conservative adj.保守的;n.思想保守者，因循守旧者◆真题例句Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. （2000年英语一阅读Text 4）25.initiative adj.主动的；自发的；起始的;n.主动权；首创精神；新方案；倡议◆真题例句If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. （2005年英语一阅读Text 2）26.participant n.参加者;adj.参与的；有关系的◆真题例句Problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes. （1995年英语一阅读Text 3）27.psychology n.心理学；心理◆真题例句Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want. （1996年英语一阅读Text 1）28.specialist n. 专家◆真题例句Future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification. （2011年英语一新题型）29.elementary adj.基本的；初级的◆真题例句Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics were generally literate （1996年英语一阅读Text 4）30.conventional adj.普通的；惯例的◆真题例句Since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack. （1997年英语一阅读Text 5）其它考研英语高频教育类词汇【可参照《真题词汇秒学妙用》进行自测】cause direct being careunit process general foundindividual adapt correspond widesense express intelligence inferinvolve matter particular groundsequence concept detail diginvention learning skill speakertreat courage effective tempt memory pattern attend climate learned maintain manner attach extreme beyond seek speech encourage stage tale challenge score sight assess educate honour construct intelligent spirit spread accomplish admire characterize conformity consideration review survey civilize fiction graduate gravity long harm consistent constant emotional flash initial native notion orient persuade plus severe sympathy tour worthy activate anticipate athlete attractive biology branch concerning conclude contact faculty enlighten ensure genius reality religion religious complicated confuse consent craftdraft inevitable infant inquiry institute instruct integrity league scene segment teenager tonevirtue compelling content convince deduce file personnel series sketch soul surgery symbol thesis criticism conception imagination curiosity mathematical phenomenon lecture absorb confidence atmosphere outline approach tradition remark community attitude character vision evolutiontechnology paragraph三．媒体类1.event n.事件，大事◆真题例句Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately . （2018年英语一阅读Text 2）munication n.表达，交流；通讯，交通联系◆真题例句But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. （2001年英语一阅读Text 1）3.trend n./v.倾向，趋势；时尚/ 显示某种趋向◆真题例句Children and adolescents have increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. （2008年英语一阅读Text 3）bine v.结合，联合；（使）合并；兼备◆真题例句Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement. （2001年英语一阅读Text 3）5.convention n.大会；习俗，惯例；传统手法，惯常做法；公约，协定，协议◆真题例句But the idea rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. （2007年英语一翻译）6.creative n./adj.富于创造力的人，搞创作的人/创造的；创作的；有创造力的◆真题例句In fact, the more new things we try,the more inherently creative we become. （2009年英语一阅读Text 1）7.interpret v.解释，说明；口译；领会◆真题例句One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable. （2014年英语一翻译）8.specific adj.特定的，特别的；确切的，具体的◆真题例句A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies. （2001年英语一阅读Text 1）9.sphere n.球形，球体；范围，领域；阶层，圈子◆真题例句While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be ahead in at least one undesirable category. （2008年英语一阅读Text 1）10.evidence n./v.根据，证据；证物，证词；迹象，形迹/证明◆真题例句They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998. （2008年英语一阅读Text 4）11.interact v.相互交流；互动；相互影响◆真题例句Even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. （2010年英语一阅读Text 3）anization n.组织，机构，团体；组织，安排，筹备；条理，系统性◆真题例句Organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. （2008年英语一阅读Text 2）13.advertise v.为…做广告；宣传，使尽人皆知◆真题例句These labels encourage consumers to see clothes as disposable--meant to last only a wash or two, although they don't advertise that. （2013年英语一阅读Text 1）14.audience n.观众，听众，读者；与统治者或要人的正式会见◆真题例句They must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract. （2011年英语一阅读Text 1）ment v./n.发表意见，作出评论；批评/意见，评论◆真题例句Comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories. （2007年英语一翻译）16.press v./n.压，按；催促，逼迫；急于做/报刊，出版社，通讯社；压榨机◆真题例句Some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway. （2013年英语一阅读Text 2）17.critical adj.关键的，决定性的；批评的；临界的；严重的，有危险的；批评的，挑剔的◆真题例句They found that the principal requirement is the presence of a critical mass of easily influenced people. （2010年英语一阅读Text 3）18.opinion n.意见，看法，主张；舆论◆真题例句When public opinion is particularly polarized, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity. （2015年英语一阅读Text 1）19.attribute n.v.属性，品质，特征/把…归因于；认为（文章、艺术品或评论）出自…◆真题例句Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples . （2009年英语一新题型）20.mass v./n.使聚集，使集结/一堆，一团；一群；（复）群众，平民大众◆真题例句In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church. （2006年英语一阅读Text 4）21.significant adj.有意义的；显著的；重要的，重大的；意味深长的◆真题例句You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validity . （2015年英语一新题型）22.recommend v.推荐，介绍；劝告，建议◆真题例句This is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight.（2017年英语一阅读Text 1）23.typical adj.典型的，有代表性的；特有的，独特的◆真题例句Fines are generally 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials. （2016年英语一阅读Text 3）24.distinction n.差别，不同，区分◆真题例句But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives that data value. （2018年英语一阅读Text 3）municate v.传达，交流；通讯；通话◆真题例句Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way -- in human terms. （2003年英语一阅读Text 2）parative adj.比较的，相对的◆真题例句But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. （2012年英语一翻译）27.broadcast n./v广播，播音◆真题例句The Corporation will survive as a publicly-funded broadcasting organization. （1996年英语一阅读Text 2）28.medium n./adj方法；媒体；媒介；中间物/中间的，中等的；半生熟的◆真题例句Much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television. （2012年英语一新题型）29.circulation v.流传，传播；流通；报纸﹑杂志等售出的份数，销售量；血液循环◆真题例句The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility in newspapers' circulation. （2015年英语一阅读Text 4)30.editorial n.社论，期刊的社论◆真题例句“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. （2015年英语一阅读Text 3）其它考研英语高频媒体类词汇【可参照《真题词汇秒学妙用》进行自测】opera line warm translate type describe occur attack drop necessary physical distinctly exhibit expression further origin remain risk settle suffer threat universe cast comment complex connect continent couple desire historic imply inner notice predict push radical stress urge wind access consist defend focus intention personality progress scatter strange argument attract blame constitute contain frequent original negative nerve organism organize partlysort species station sufficient suggest suit transfer wonder admit apparent appeal shock assert bear bright crude current desirable dim distant dramatic emerge introduce item leading manifest odd precise rare universal vast arise assemble blind contribution locate lump mature merit mood mountainous muted remove single casual impact remarkable represent reveal popular prejudice explore vocation praise span magnificentconvenience assumption artificial reflectstatistics revolution prospect definitionconclusion responsible immediate emphasisargue deliver relevant amateurorgan trait四．法律类1.sentence n./v.句子；宣判，判决/宣判，判决◆真题例句He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence. （2008年英语一翻译）2.state v./n.声明，宣称/州；国家，政府；状态，情况◆真题例句The current state of affairs may have been encouraged. （2007年英语一阅读Text 4）3.service v./n维修；向…提供服务/服务；政府部门，公用机构；帮助，益处◆真题例句During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. （2014年英语一阅读Text 2）4.rally v./n集合；重整；恢复，重新振作/集合；重整；恢复，康复，复苏；群众大会◆真题例句In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. （2012年英语一阅读Text 4）ern v.统治，治理；控制，支配◆真题例句The structures of the languages are lineage, specific and not governed by universals. （2012年英语一翻译）6.issue v./n.向…颁发；发行；发表，发布/议题；发出◆真题例句It has been issued more than 300 business-method patents. （2010年英语一阅读Text 2）7.advocate v./n.提倡，拥护，支持/提倡者，鼓吹者◆真题例句He advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression. （2014年英语一翻译）8.election n.选举；当选◆真题例句The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election. （2008年英语一阅读Text 4）9.grant v./n.拨款；同意；授予；承认/授予物；（尤指政府的）拨款，补助金◆真题例句Washington granted his slaves their freedom in his will. （2008年英语一阅读Text 4）10.p rinciple n.道德原则，行为准则；原理，法则，定律◆真题例句The Constitutional principles are noncontroversial. （2013年英语一阅读Text 4）11.j udge v./n.判断，断定；评价，评论；断定/审判官，法官；裁判员，仲裁人；鉴赏家◆真题例句The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts” . （2017年英语一阅读Text 4)12.f undamental adj./n.基本的；十分重要的/基本规则，基本原则，基本原理，基本部分◆真题例句A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly. （2012年英语一翻译）13.v alid adj.有效的；合理的，有根据的◆真题例句Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. （2012年英语一阅读Text 2）14.j ustify v.证明…是正当/正确的；对…作出解释；为…辩护◆真题例句The company provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week . （2012年英语一阅读Text 2）15.p rivilege v./n给予优惠，给予特权/特权，优惠，特许◆真题例句On the overturned provisions the majority held the Congress had deliberately “occupied the field,” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers. （2013年英语一阅读Text 4）16.s ecurity n.安全，保障；安全措施；抵押；有价证券◆真题例句“Setting the proper investment level for security, re dundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says. （2007年英语一阅读Text 4）17.c riminal n./adj.罪犯，刑事犯/犯罪的，刑事的；可耻的◆真题例句The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. （2017年英语一阅读Text 4）18.e ntitle v.把…称作；给…权利或资格；给…题名◆真题例句Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.19.r egulation n.规章，规则；调整，调节，校准◆真题例句But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. （2017年英语一阅读Text 4）20.r eform v./n.改进；改革；（使）改过自新/改革，改良，改造◆真题例句They argue for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. （1999年英语一阅读Text 3）21.j ury n.陪审团，全体陪审员◆真题例句Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values. （2010年英语二阅读Text 4）22.d emocracy n.民主，民主制，民主制国家◆真题例句In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them. （2010年英语二阅读Text 4）23.d ominate v.统治，支配，控制；占优势◆真题例句He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. （2014年英语一新题型）24.c onfront v.使面临；正视；与…对峙，与…对抗；与…当面对质◆真题例句As one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . （2009年英语一阅读Text 4）25.i llegal adj.不合法的，非法的◆真题例句Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. （1997年英语一阅读Text 3）26.l icense n./v.许可；执照/准许◆真题例句They are brought many channels for an annual license fee of 83 pounds per household. （1996年英语一阅读Text 2）27.p roposition n.命题，陈述；主张，建议◆真题例句No thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition. （2000年英语一阅读Text 3）28.p arliament n.议会，国会◆真题例句He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. （2017年英语一新题型）29.p unishment n.惩罚，处罚◆真题例句The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep ---and bone-showing. （2016年英语一阅读Text 1）30.c ongress n.大会；国会，议会◆真题例句Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate. （2014年英语一阅读Text 4）其它考研英语高频法律类词汇【可参照《真题词汇秒学妙用》进行自测】part pass stand signaid base letter limitcase pain alter concern raw claim assist purpose central court obvious trouble serious commit meeting assurerude fundamental verbal official resident survive bound assume attempt aware implication incident increasingly liability liable linkpolicy warn witness abusechief contest resolve stern objection prescribe routine royalshot split struggle decisive declare defeat passage tendought society abandon vice oppose partial secure sensitive extension contradict divorce complain guilt politics primary frontier guard verify impartial influential liberal adopt release dispute invalid obscure propose reinforce restrain supreme terminate confess confirm conviction elimination vote suspicion immigrant minister conflict detach democratic territory declaration launch committee candidate aggressive circumstance statement innovation responsibilityselection status situation panel。

考研英语词汇分类总结材料(屠皓民)

实用文档考研英语词汇分类总结屠皓民主讲1. 经“类economist 经“学家public sector 公n部门,公n成分economic fluctuation 经“—动economic depression经“衰退economic stability经“稳定economic policy 经“政策holding company 控股公司infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力stagnation 停…,萧条,不景气real estate 不动产,房地产investment 投资,资产investor 投资人cheque 支票 (美作:check)cash 现金devaluation ( 货币 ) 贬 esecurities business 证券市场stock exchange 股票市场share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红~bull market 牛市bear market 盯市interest ~息rate of interest ~率discount 贴现,斤甘allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴income 收l,收益yield 产呈duty 税tax-free 免税的retail 零售joint venture 合资企业budget 预算deficit 赤字monetary policy 货币政策inflation 通货膨胀consolidation 兼并contract 合同enterprise (n.) 企(事)业单位，事业，事业心，进取心u 真题例旬The important factor in a private enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property) , and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit.revenue(n.)财政收l，税收u 真题例旬In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost.rebound(v.)跳回；回生；(n.)跳回，弹回；回生，回复u 真题例旬The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.revival(n.)苏醒，复苏，复活；复兴，u’行u 真题例旬The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.statistics(n.)统计(学)；statistical(a.)统计的，统计学的u 真题例旬The official statistics are mildly discouraging.affiliate(n./v.)分公司,附属机构；a附属于u 真题例旬International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.monopoly(n.)垄断，垄断者，专~权，专~事业u 真题例旬Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks.fluctuation (n.) —动u 真题例旬Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money.2.教育类president 大学校长dean 院长principal 中学校长register/enroll 登记、报到opening ceremony 开学r礼required course 必d课optional/selective course 选d课kindergarten 幼i园elementary education 初等教育secondary education 中等教育higher education 高等教育graduate school研究生院 openuniversity 夜大、函大private school 私立学校public school 公立学校universal education 普及教育postgraduate 研究生undergraduate 本科scholarship 奖学金credit system 学分制mark/score/grade 分数schedule=school timetable 课程表diploma=graduation certificate 毕业证书drop out 辍学expel sb from school 开除tuition 学费consultant 顾问application form 申请表presentation 针对某一专题发表的演讲semester 学期curriculum 课程exceptional (a. 反常的，有缺陷的；杰出的，出类拔拔萃的；1chil(r). 需要特殊照顾的i童u 真题例旬Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age.potential(.. 潜能，潜力，full1最大的潜能；(a.)潜在的，可能的u 真题例旬For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.discipline(n.)训练，磨炼，纪律，学科u 真题例旬As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, “With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.”term(n.)学期，期限，期间；(pl.)on equal�s以平等的地位；in�s of c据，按照，用…措辞u 真题例旬Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them.conception (n.) 思想，观念，概念；构思，设想；怀孕u 真题例旬Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is in- complete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.intellectual(n.)知识分子u 真题例旬The most thoroughly studies intellectual in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England.literary (a. ) 文学的u 真题例旬While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized.brains (n.) 智力u 真题例旬4So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,"Newman wrote.subject(n.)主题，科目，主语；(v.)�(to)a遭受，a服从；(a.)易遭…的，受…支配的u 真题例旬The Corporation will survive as a publicly-unded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation-wide debate in Britain.unenlightened(a.)未受启蒙的，愚昧无知的，落后的；enlightened(a.)开明的，有知识的，文明的；enlightening(a.)有启迪作用的；enlightenment(n.)u 真题例旬A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused andoften unenlightenedcitizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life.3.社会媒体类press 媒体行业coverage 新闻报道issue 出版、发行newsstand 报摊mass media 大众媒体entertainment 娱乐journalism 新闻业journal 期刊exclusive news 独家新闻workaholic 工作狂ambitious 雄心壮志的、野心勃勃的flow of personnel 人才’动competitive 竞争激烈的a fat salary 收l颇丰a decent job 一份体面的工作chance of promotion 升迁机会kinship(..)亲属关系u 真题例旬Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can useto find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption.ancestor(n.)祖先u 真题例旬When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food.succession (n.) 继承，继任u 真题例旬As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure,executives who don3t get the nod also may wish to move on.depart (v.) 离职u 真题例旬When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up.domestic (a.) 家庭的u 真题例旬The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.obligation (n.) 义务，责任u 真题例旬But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain.peer(n.)同辈u 真题例旬A journal editor would then remove the authors3names and affiliations from the paperand send it to theirpeers for review.recruit (v.) 招募u 真题例旬In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.father (v.) 生养，f.....的父亲u 真题例旬They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.retiree (n.) 退休人员u 真题例旬For much of the past year. President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model， with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.divisive (a.) 引起分歧的；引起争议的u 真题例旬Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America?turbulent(a.)动荡的；”乱的u 真题例旬But particularly when viewed against America3s turbulent past,today3s social induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.resident(n.)居民u 真题例旬The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue.humanity (n.) 人(总称), 人类; 人性，普通人具有的特性; 仁慈，博爱，同情心;［用复数］人文学科(尤指文学、语言、历史和哲学)u 真题例旬4Those things that do not show up in the test scores2personality,ability, courage or humanity2are completely ignored,"says Toshiki Kaifu,chairman of the rulingLiberal Democratic Party3s education committee.impoverished(a.)贫穷的u 真题例旬To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.4.法律政治类arbiter 仲裁者validity 有效性，合法性suspension 中止，悬而未决parliament 国会，议会bureaucratic 官h主义的self-governing 自治的jury 陪审团privilege 特权withdraw 撤退，取钱assume office 就任launch 开始legal ground 法律c据legislation(..)法律，条规u 真题例旬Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues.federal (a.) 联邦的u 真题例旬(同上)clause(n.)条款u 真题例旬The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.policymaker (n.) 政策制定者u 真题例旬Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes，but few have looked at the side effect family risk has risen as well.revolution (n.) 革Pu 真题例旬The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers.propose (v.) 提议u 真题例旬In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do not track (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.”administration (n.) 管理，行政部门u 真题例旬On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday---amodest policy victory for the Obama Administration.provision (n.) 规定，条款u 真题例旬In Arizona v. United states, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigrations law.Congress (n.) 国会u 真题例旬On the overturned provisions the majority held the Congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had this intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.executive (a.) 执行的u 真题例旬The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as“ a shocking assertion of federal executive power”.statute (n.) 条例，法令u 真题例旬The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.legitimate (a.) 合法的u 真题例旬In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimatestate law that it disagrees with.civil servants 公务员u 真题例旬If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servants.authorize (v.) 授权,许可u 真题例旬Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago.ruling (n.) 裁决；裁定u 真题例旬That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies truing to stake out executive rights to specific types of online transactions.formula (n.) 准则，方案u 真题例旬The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.。

浩海学校高中英语语法讲解1

涝酒州涉消市浩海学校湖天中学高中英语语法讲解新人教版必修1什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。

在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。

句子成分由词或词组充当。

现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。

英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。

这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词）1. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。

2. The machine │doesn’t work. 机器不运转啦。

3. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。

be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。

其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。

感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻Ｓ│Ｖ（是系动词）│Ｐ1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。