托福全真试题
托福备考-1月托福阅读全真试题
(D)Helped
5.What was the subject of Joyce Carol Oates's first novel?
(A)Loneliness
(B)Inanity
(C)Teaching
(D)Racing
6.Why does the author mention Oates's book Them?
7.Which of the following would Joyce Carol Oates be most likely to write?
(A)A story with an unhappy ending
(B)A romancer novel set in the nineteenth century
Although some of it appears to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of thers. Her first novel, With Shuddering Fall(1964), dealt with stock car racing, though she had never seen a race. IN Them(1969) she focused on Detroit from the Depression through the notes of 1967, drawing much of her material from the deep impression made on her by the problems of one of her students. Whatever the source and however shocking the events or the motivations, however, her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day.
TOEFL全真试题
TOEFL全真试题为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理了托福练习试题,下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
TOEFL全真试题1Reading Comprehension Time: 55 minutes (including the reading of the directions). Now set your clock for 55 minutes.Question 1-12Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The column is designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of seeds, so microscopic and light they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable of the petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramatically marked as an unmistakable landing strip to attract the specific insect the orchid has chosen as its pollinator.To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds. Some orchids even change their scents to interest different insects at different times.Once the right insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in the wild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Birds(B) Insects(C) Flowers (D) Perfume 2 The orchid is unique because of(A) the habitat inwhich it lives(B) the structure of its blossom(C) the variety of products that can be made from it(D) the length of its life 3 The word fused in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) combined(B) hidden(C) fertilized(D) produced 4 How many orchid seeds are typically pollinated at one time?(A) 200(B) 2,000(C) 20,000(D) 200,000 5 Which of the following is a kind of petal? (A) The column(B) The sepal(C) The stem(D) The labellum 6 The labellum(line7) is most comparable to(A) a microscope(B) an obstacle course(C) an airport runway(D) a racetrack7 The word lure in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) attract(B) recognize(C) follow(D) help8 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a means by which an orchid attracts insects?(A) Size(B) Shape(C) Color(D) Perfume9 The word their in line 13 refers to(A) orchids(B) birds(C) insects(D) species10 Which of the following statements about orchids scents does the passage support?(A) They are effective only when an insect is near the blossom.(B) Harmful insects are repelled by them.(C) They are difficult to tell apart.(D) They may change at different times.11 The word placed in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) estimated(B) measured(C) deposited(D) identified12 The word discrete in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) complicated(B) separate(C) inoffensive(D) functionalTOEFL全真试题2Reading Comprehension Time: 55 minutes (including the reading of the directions). Now set your clock for 55 minutes.Question 1-12Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The column is designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of seeds, so microscopic and light they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, oftendistorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable of the petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramatically marked as an unmistakable landing strip to attract the specific insect the orchid has chosen as its pollinator.To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds. Some orchids even change their scents to interest different insects at different times.Once the right insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in the wild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Birds(B) Insects(C) Flowers (D) Perfume 2 The orchid is unique because of(A) the habitat in which it lives(B) the structure of its blossom(C) the variety of products that can be made from it(D) the length of its life 3 The word fused in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) combined(B) hidden(C) fertilized(D) produced 4 How many orchid seeds are typically pollinated at one time?(A) 200(B) 2,000(C) 20,000(D) 200,000 5 Which of the following is a kind of petal? (A) The column(B) The sepal(C) The stem(D) The labellum 6 The labellum(line7) is most comparable to(A) a microscope(B) an obstacle course(C) an airport runway(D) a racetrack7 The word lure in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) attract(B) recognize(C) follow(D) help8 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a means by which an orchid attracts insects?(A) Size(B) Shape(C) Color(D) Perfume9 The word their in line 13 refers to(A) orchids(B) birds(C) insects(D) species10 Which of the following statements about orchids scents does the passage support?(A) They are effective only when an insect is near the blossom.(B) Harmful insects are repelledby them.(C) They are difficult to tell apart.(D) They may change at different times.11 The word placed in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) estimated(B) measured(C) deposited (D) identified12 The word discrete in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) complicated(B) separate(C) inoffensive(D) functionalTOEFL全真试题31. A microscope can reveal vastly ______detail than is visible to the naked eye.(A) than(B) than more(C) more than(D) more 2. Narcissus bulbs ______ at least three inches apart and covered with about four inches of well drained soil.(A) should be planted(B) to plant(C) must planting(D) should plant 3. Industrialization has been responsible for ______ most radical of the environmental changes caused by humans.(A) a (B) the(C) some of which (D) which are the 4. In many areas the slope and topography of the land ______ excess rainfall to run off into a natural outlet.(A) neither permit(B) without permitting(C) nor permitting(D) do not permit 5. Color and light, taken together, ______ the aesthetic impact of the interior of a building.(A) very powerfully influence (B) very influence powerfully(C) powerfully very influence(D) influence powerfully very 6. ______ that Rachel Carsons 1962 book Silent Spring was one of the chief sources of inspiration for the development of nontoxic pesticides.(A) There is likely(B) Likely to be(C) It is likely(D) Likely7. Total color blindness, ______, is the result of a defect in the retina.(A) a rare condition that(B) a rare condition(C) that a rare condition (D) is a rare condition8. ______ no conclusive evidence exists, many experts believe that the wheel was invented only once and then diffused to the rest of the world.(A) Even(B) But(C) Although (D) So9. Wherever there is plenty of rain during the growing season, life is ______ in various forms.(A) abundant (B) the abundance(C) an abundant(D) it abundantTOEFL全真试题4Structure and Written Expression Time: 25 minutes (including the reading of the directions) Now set your clock for 25 minutes. Structure 1 Wind motion can be observed in the mesosphere by______ the trails of meteors passing through it.(A) to watch (B) watching (C) watched (D) watch 2 Thomas Edison s first patented invention was a device ____in Congress.(A) votes counted for (B) had been counting votes (C) for counting votes (D) be a counted vote3 Clara Bow, a popular actress in the 1992 s,retired______she was unable to make the transition from silent films to sound films.(A) nevertheless (B) in spite of (C) because (D) and for4 Built in 1882,the Kinzua Viaduct in Mckean County, Pennsylvania, is open only to those visitors _____ are able to walk its 2058-foot length.(A) who (B) to whom (C) which they (D) that which5 A bridge must be strong enough to support its own weight _____ the weight of the people and vehicles that use it.(A) as well (B) so well (C) as well as (D) so well as6 The swallows of Capistrano are famous _____ to the same nests in California each spring.(A) to returned (B) who returned (C) they returned (D) for returning7 In the fourteenth century, ____ that glass coated with silver nitrate would turn yellow when fired in an oven.(A) the discovery (B) it was discovered (C) with the discovery (D) if it was discovered8 _____ recurring fear is out of proportion to any real danger, it is called a phobia.(A) When (B) Whereas (C) Which (D) Whether9 Many modem photographers attempt to manipulate elements of photography other _____ in their photographs.(A) than light is (B) than light (C) being light (D) light 10 For any adhesive to make a really strong bond _____ to be glued must be absolutely or grease.(A) and surfaces (B) when surfaces (C) the surfaces (D) surfaces that11 Although still underwater, Loihi Seamount, the newest Hawaiian island, _____ closer to the surface by frequent volcanic eruptions that add layers of lava to the island.(A) brought (B) to be brought (C) being brought (D) is being brought12 _____unstable and explodes as a supernova is not known.(A) Fora star to become (B) how a star becomes (C) A star becomes(D) That a star is becoming13 Not until linoleum was invented in 1860_____hard-wearing, easy-to-clean flooring.(A) any house did have (B) did any house have (C) house had any (D) any house had14 Hiram Revels, the first Black member of the United States Senate, served as senator from Mississippi, an office _____ he was elected in 1870.(A) which (B) to which (C) and which (D) being which15 Oceans continually lose by evaporation much of the river water _____.(A) to constantly flow into them (B) is constantly flowing into them (C) constantly flows into them (D) constantly flowing into them Written Expression16 Because of it consists only of a relatively short strand of DNA protected by a shell of protein,__________ _____ _____A B C a virus cannot eat or reproduce by itself.______D17 The oxygen in the air we breathe has no tasted, smell, or color._____ _____ _____ ______ A B C D18 In 1977 Kathleen Battle was hired by the New York metropolitan Opera, where her became_________ ___ A B C the star soprano.__D19 The aardvark is a mammal that burrows into the ground to catches ants and termites.___ ___ ________ ______ A B C D20 Because of the availability of trucks and easy access to modern highways, the locate of farms____has become relatively unimportant with respect to their distance from markets._______ ________ ____ A B C D21 The homes created by the legendary architect Frank Lloyd Wright are still viewed as ________ _____uniquely, innovative, and valuable._________ A B C D22 Geologists find it useful to identification fossils in a rock sample because certain assemblages _ ___________________of species are characteristic of specific geologic time periods.__________A B C D23 Many poets enhance their work by creating a contrast among realism and symbolism in a____ _______ ______ _____ A B C D given poem.24 Most countries depend to few extent on cereal imports to augment their own crops.______ ___ _____ ____ A B C D25 The fragrant leaves of the laurel plant to sell commerciallyas bay leaves and are used for___________ ____ __ A B C seasoning foods.____D26 When contented, and occasionally when hunger, cats frequently make a purring sound.___ _____ _______ ____ A B C D27 The evolution of fishes is a history of constant adaptation to new possibilities, and a refined of______ ______ _ ____ A B C D these adaptations.28 In 1991 Antonia Novello, the United States Surgeon General, launched several programs to______ _____ A B address particulate problem that young people have.______ ______ C D29 Some psychologists believe that those who are encouraged to be independent, responsible, _______ ________ A B and competent in childhood are likely more than others to become motivated to achieve. _______ ________ C D30 The central purpose of management is for making every action or decision help achieve a________ ______ A B C carefully chosen goal.______D31 As a poetry Nikki Giovanni makes effective use of jazz and blues rhythms._____ ______ _ ______ A B C D32 Unlike wood, paper, and fabric, which tendency to disintegrate after being buried for many_____ ______ _______ A B C years, ceramics and glassware, although easily broken, survive well in the ground._____ D33 Margaret Mead achieved world famous through her studies of child-rearing, personality, and_____ _____ ________ A B C culture._____D34 The discovery of the antibiotic penicillin in 1928 has not produced antibiotics useful for the_______ _____________ ____ A B C treatment of infectious diseases until 1940._______D35 In the United States, the Cabinet consist of a group of advisers, each of whom is chosen by ____ _______ __________ _____ A B C D the President to head an executive department of the government.36 Colleges in the newly formed United States, in recovering from the adverse effects of the________ ____ A B American Revolution, inaugurated a broad curriculum in response of social demands._____ ______ C D37 Humus is formed during soil microorganisms decompose animal and plant material into ____ ____________ A B elements usable byplants.______ _____ C D38 Ozone is an unstable, faintly bluish gas that is the most chemical active form of oxygen.__ ____ ___ ______ A B C D39 The development of professional sports in the United States dates back to nineteenth century.__________________ ____ __________ A B C D40 Long before his death, John Dewey saw his philosophy have a profound influences on ________ _______ A B C education and thought in the United States and elsewhere.___ D。
1月托福考试阅读理解全真试题
Question 1-9 Although social changes in the United States were being wrought throughout most of the nineteenth-century，， public awareness of the changes increased to new levels in the 1890 s. The acute， growing public awareness of the social changes that had been taking place for some time was tied to tremendous growth in popular journalism in the late nineteenth century， including growth in quantity and circulation of both magazines and newspapers. These developments， in addition to the continued growth of cities， were significant factors in the transformation of society from one characterized by relatively isolated self-contained communities into an urban， industrial nation. The decade of the 1870 s， for example，was a period in which the sheer number of newspapers doubled， and by 1880 the New York Graphic had published the first photographic reproduction in a newspaper， portending a dramatic rise in newspaper readership. Between 1882 and 1886 alone， the price of daily newspapers dropped from four cents a copy to one cent， made possible in part by a great increase in demand. Further more， the introduction in 1890 of the first successful linotype machine promised even further growth. In 1872 only two daily newspapers could claim a circulation of over 100，000，but by 1892 seven more newspapers exceeded that figure. A world beyond the immediate community was rapidly becoming visible. But it was not newspapers alone that were bringing the new awareness to people In the United States in the late nineteenth century. Magazines as they are known today began publication around 1882， and， in fact， the circulation of weekly magazines exceeded that of newspapers in the period which followed. By 1892， for example， the circulation of the Ladies Home Journal had reached an astounding 700，000. An increase in book readership also played a significant part in this general trend. For example， Edward Bellamy s utopian novel， Looking Backward， sold over a million copies in 1888， giving rise to the growth of organizations dedicated to the realization of Bellamy s vision of the future. The printed word， unquestionably. was intruding on the insulation that had characterized United Slates society in an earlier period. 1. The word "acute" in line 3 is closest in meaning to （A） useful （B） intense （C） genuine （D） controversial 2. According to the passage， the expansion of popular journalism was linked to （A） changes in the distribution system （B） a larger supply of paper （C） an increase in people s awareness of social changes （D） greater numbers of journalists 3 According to the passage ， the New York Graphic s inclusion of photographs contributed to （A） the closing of newspapers that did not use photographs （B） newspapers becoming more expensive （C） an increase in the number of people reading newspapers （D） a reduction in the cost of advertising 4.Why was there a drop in the price of daily newspapers between 1882 and 1886 ？ （A） There was a rise in demand. （B） Newspapers had fewer pages. （C） Newspapers contained photographic reproductions. （D） Magazines began to compete with newspapers. 5……The word "exceeded" in line 16 is closest in meaning to （A） controlled （B） surpassed （C） affected （D） equaled 6.What does the author mean by the statement " A world beyond the immediate community was rapidly becoming visible" in lilies 16-11 ？ （A） Photographs made newspapers more interesting. （B） The United Slates exported newspapers to other countries. （C） People were becoming increasingly aware of national and international issues. （D） Communities remained isolated despite the growth of popular journalism 7.The word " that" in line 21 refers to （A） century （B） publication （C） circulation （D） period 8.The word "astounding" in line 22 is closest in meaning to （A） surprising （B） estimated （C） encouraging （D） sudden 9.Why does the author mention Edward Bellamy s novel Looking Backward？ （A） To illustrate how advanced the technology of printing had become （B） To emphasize the influence of the printed word on a society undergoing rapid change （C） To document its prediction about the popularity of newspapers （D）To demonstrate that hooks had replaced newspapers and magazines as the leading source of information Question 10-19 Glass is a remarkable substance made from the simplest raw materials. It can be colored or colorless， monochrome or polychrome， transparent， translucent， or opaque. It is lightweight impermeable to liquids， readily cleaned and reused ， durable yet fragile， and often very beautiful Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms - as table ware， containers， in architecture and design - glass represents a major achievement in the history of technological developments. Since the Bronze Age about 3，000 B.C.， glass lias been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica， line and an alkali such as soda or potash， and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century. When heated ， the mixture becomes soft and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass thus formed by melting then cools to create glass， but in contrast to most materials formed in this way （metals， for instance）， glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids， and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect， as molten glass cools， it progressively stiffens until rigid， but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow. Why glass deteriorates over time， especially when exposed to moisture， and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses Induced by uneven cooling. Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot， ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or "freeze" at specific temperatures glass progressively softens as thetemperature rises， going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup. Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms， by different techniques， and if suddenly cooled the object retains the shape achieved at that point. Glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials. 10.Why does the author list the characteristics of glass in lines 1-5？ （A） To demonstrate how glass evolved （B） To show the versatility of glass （C） To explain glassmaking technology （D） To explain the purpose of each component of glass 11.The word "durable" in hue 3 is closest in meaning to （A） lasting （B） delicate （C） heavy （D） Plain 1 2. What does the author imply about the raw materials used to make glass？ （A） They were the same for centuries. （B） They arc liquid （C） They are transparent （D） They are very heavy. 13.According to the passage， how is glass that has cooled and become rigid different from most other rigid substances？ （A） It has an interlocking crystal network. （B） It has an unusually low melting temperature. （C） It has varying physical properties. （D） It has a random molecular structure. 14.The word "customarily" in line 13 is closest in meaning to （A） naturally （B） necessarily （C） usually （D） certainly 15.The words "exposed to" in line 19 are closest in meaning to （A） hardened by （B） chilled with （C） subjected to （D） deprived of 16.What must be done to release the internal stresses that build up in glass products during manufacture？ （A） the glass must be reheated and evenly cooled. （B） the glass must be cooled quickly. （C） The glass must be kept moist until cooled. （D） The glass must be shaped to its desired form immediately 17.The word "induced" in line 21 is closest in meaning to （A） joined （B） missed （C） caused （D） lost 18.The word "it" in line 22 refers to （A） feature （B） glass （C） manner （D） viscosity 19.According to the passage. why can glass be more easily shaped into specific forms than can metals （A）It resists breaking when heated （B）It has better optical properties. （C）It retains heat while its viscosity changes. （D） It gradually becomes softer as its temperature rises. Question 20-30 A great deal can be learned from the actual traces of ancient human locomotion： the footprints of early hominids. The best-known specimens are the remarkable tracks discovered at Lactoli， Tanzania， by Mary Leaky. These were left by small hominids around 3.6 to 3.75 million years ago， according to potassium - argon dates of the volcanic rocks above and below this level. These hominids walked across a stretch of moist volcanic ash， which was subsequently turned to mud by rain， and which then set like concrete. Examination of he shape of the prints revealed to Mary Leakey that the feet had a raised arch， a rounded heel， a pronounced ball， and a big toe that pointed forward. These features， together with the weight-bearing pressure patterns，resembled the prints of upright-walking modern humans. The pressures exerted along the foot， together with the length of stride， which averaged 87 centimeters， indicated that the hominids had been walking slowly. In short， all the detectable morphological features implied that the feet that left the footprints were very little different from those of contemporary humans. A detailed study has been made of the prints using photogrammetry， a technique for obtaining measurements through photographs， which created a drawing showing all the curves and contours of the prints. The result emphasized that there were at least seven points of similarity with modern bipedal prints， such as the depth of the heel impression， and the deep imprint of the big toe. M Day and E. Wickens also took stereophotographs of the Lactoli prints and compared them with modern prints make by men and women in similar soil conditions. Once again， the results furnished possible evidence of bipedalism. Footprints thus provide us not merely with rare impressions of the soft tissue of early hominids， but also with evidence of upright waling that in many ways is clearer than can be obtained from the analysis of bones. The study of fossil footprints is not restricted to examples from such remote periods. Hundreds of prints are known， for example， in French caves dating from the end of the last ices age， approximately 10，000 years ago. Research by Leon Pales， using detailed silicon resin molds of footprints mostly made by bare feet， has provided information about this period. 20.What does the passage mainly discuss？ （A）The analysis of footprint fossils （B）Accurate dating of hominid remains （C） the career of Mary Leakey （D）Behavioral patterns of early humans 21.The word "remarkable" in line 2 is closest in meaning to （A） extraordinary （B） enormous （C） various （D） orderly 22.The age of the Laetoli footprints was estimated by （A） testing the fossilized bones of the hominids （B） studying the shape of the footprints （C） analyzing nearly rock layers （D） comparison with footprints from other locations 23.It can be inferred that the footprints in volcanic ash at Laetoli were well preserved because （A） they were buried by a second volcanic eruption （B） the ash contained potassium anti argon （C） the ash was still warm from the volcanic cruptions （D） suitable conditions caused the ash 10 harden 24.Which or the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of the feet in Mary Leakey s fossil find？ （A）The shape or the heel （B）The number of toes （C）A raised arch （D）A pronounced ball 25.The word "exerted" in line 11 is closest in meaning to （A） influenced （B） applied （C） returned （D） lessened 26.The figure of 87 centimeters mentioned in line 1 2 refers to the size of the （A） objects carried by the hominids （B） steps taken by the hominids （C） hominids bodies （D） hominids feet 27.Why does the author mention the "heel impression" in line 19？ （A） To emphasize the size of the hominids foot （B） To speculate on a possible injury the hominid had suffered （C） To give an example of similarity to modern human footprints （D） To indicate the weight of early hominids 28.The word "restricted" in line 26 is closest in meaning to （A） limited。
2023年托福阅读全真试题
2023年托福阅读全真试题2023年托福阅读全真试题Question 1-8When Jules Verne wrote Journey to the Center ofthe Earth in 1864， there were many conflicting theories about the nature of the Earth's interior. Some geologists thought that it contained a highly pressed ball of incandescent gas， while others suspected that it consisted of separate shells， each made of a different material. Today， well over a century later， there is still little direct evidence of what lies beneath our feet. Most of our knowledgeof the Earth's interior es not from mines or boreholes， but from the study of seismic waves - powerful pulses of energy released by earthquakes.In its high levels， the mantle is relatively cool; At greater depths， high temperatures make the rock behave more like a liquid than a solid. Deeper still，the pressure is even more intense， preventing the rock from melting in spite of a higher temperature.Beyond a depth of around 2，900 kilometers， a great change takes place and the mantle gives way to the core. Some seismic waves cannot pass through the core and others are bent by it. From this and other evidence， geologists conclude that the outer core is probably liquid， with a solid center. It is almost certainly made of iron， mixed with smaller amounts of other elements such as nickel.The conditions in the Earth's core make it a far more alien world than space. Its solid iron heart is subjected to unimaginable pressure and has a temperature of about 9，000oF. Although scientists can speculate about its nature， neither humans nor machines will ever be able to visit it.1. The word “conflicting” in line 2 is closestin meaning to(A) controlling(B) outdated(C) opposing(D) important2. What is today's richest source of information about the Earth's interior for geologists?(A) Boreholes(B) Shells(C) Seismic waves(D) Mines3. The word “There” in line 16 refers to the(A) mantle(B) crust(C) seabed(D) Earth's center.4. Which of the following is a primary characteristic of the Earth's mantle?(A) Light， solid rock(B) Uniformity of position(C) Dramatically increasing pressure(D) pressed， incandescent gas5. The phrase “gives way to” in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) runs along(B) rubs against(C) turns into(D) floats on6. The word “it” in line 26 refers to(A) mantle(B) core(C) change(D) depth7. Why does the author state in line 30-31 that the Earth's core is “more alien” than space?(A) Gover____ent funds are not available to study the Earth's core.(B) Scientists aren't interested in the characteristics of the Earth's core.(C) It is impossible to go to the Earth's core to do research.(D) The Earth's core is made of elements that are dangerous to humans.8. The word “speculate” in line 33 is closest in meaning to(A) report(B) learn(C) worry(D) hypothesize Question 9-20。
托福全真试题
91-01A1. (A) We heard her name mentioned.(B) Her aim was unclear.(C) It was hard to hear her name.(D) Her name wasn’t here.2. (A) I don’t want a roommate.(B) I have a specific roommate in mind.(C) It’s not a good idea to have a roommate.(D) Having a roommate is all right with me.听力资料汇总3. (A) She didn’t realize she should bring a present.(B) Her present was really very little.(C) Presents are not very important to her.(D) She didn’t know that the present would be for her.4. (A) Could you please close the door?(B) Is the door shut?(C) Did you want the door closed?(D) Why is the door shut?5. (A) We were sorry we couldn’t go to their wedding.(B) The fact that they got married still amazes us.(C) We’re getting married over the holidays.(D) In fact, they almost decided to get married.6. (A) It’s too bad we have so little time together.(B) We shouldn’t see each other so much.(C) All my free time is spent with you.(D) Please don’t spend so much money.7. (A) Although I used to watch television a lot, I hat it now.(B) I enjoy watching television, but not while I’m studying.(C) Many of the used television sets aren’t working now.(D) I can’t find the television stand I usually use.8. (A) This information is correct.(B) This is the right booth.(C) You can write away for the information.(D) You can get information over on the right.9. (A) He heard the noise.(B) He dropped the shelf.(C) He was injured.(D) He went downtown by himself.10. (A) What bus goes along this route?(B) How long should we wait for the bus?(C) This bus ride takes a very long time.(D) This is quite a large bus.iBT新托福听力背景词汇分类大集合11.12.13.14.15.16.17. (A) Jane walked right by the painting.(B) Does Jane really wish to purchase that painting?(C) Jane once bought that painting.(D) Does Jane want me to purchase her painting?(A) Henry sold his watch to Russ.(B) Henry bought a watch for Russ exactly like his.(C) Russ kept Henry’s watch for himself.(D) Russ got a watch just like Henry’s(A) What time is it?(B) Does it matter what time you come?(C) Please try to be prompt.(D) You must write the letter soon.(A) Carol did better than anyone else.(B) Carol learned more than her score indicates.(C) Carol told us about her grade.(D) Carol earned high wages working in a store.(A) There were quite a few students and teachers.(B) More students than teachers attended.(C) Everyone was counted.(D) The teachers wee excluded.(A) Nobody paused to talk to him.(B) He spoke to no one about the key.(C) He co uldn’t be prevented from speaking.(D) Nobody wanted to stop his talking.(A) These berries grow well.(B) The water isn't rough.(C) She seems very calm.(D) She sees very well.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26. (A) She stopped to feed the ducks.(B) She doesn’t seem to have much luck.(C) She stopped behind the truck.(D) She no longer gives the ducks food.(A) Telling him is a risk.(B) I have to tell him.(C) He told me it was a risk.(D) I’m going to risk not telling him.(A) They think alike.(B) They enjoy outdoor life.(C) They look out for each other.(D) They each have their own life-style.(A) He likes biology enough to continue with it.(B) His grades in science courses are very good.(C) He hasn’t taken enough courses in bio logy.(D) He doesn’t want to take any more science courses.(A) Rice should be served with the chicken.(B) The dishes here are never spicy.(C) There really is chicken in the salad.(D) Both the chicken dish and the salad taste spicy.(A) Sam’s knee should be better by now.(B) This isn’t a good time for Sam to quit.(C) The news about Sam is quite a surprise.(D) Sam should have stopped playing earlier.(A) She bought something for her aunt.(B) She missed it.(C) She was there only briefly.(D) She went to it on her way to the hospital.黄金口语80题范例(A) They work at the zoo.(B) They are going to do some artwork.(C) They enjoy watching elephants.(D) They are going to feed the elephants.(A) She’s working all the time.(B) She’s out all the time.(C) She works every other day.(D) She studies twice a day.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35. (A) Helping a friend find the right department.(B) Buying himself some shoes.(C) Taking a class at the gymnasium.(D) Returning a logging suit be bought.(A) Apologize to Donna.(B) Confront Donna directly.(C) Excuse Donna’s behavior.(D) Write Donna a letter.(A) She thinks the man’s joking.(B) The man needs to have his eyes examined.(C) The man should get some sleep.(D) The man is wise to study.(A) She’s putting it in a kennel.(B) Den is taking it on vacation.(C) It will accompany her.(D) It will be staying with Ken.(A) The man tends to repeat himself a lot.(B) The room was fixed at the man’s request.(C) She also finds it easier to work there now.(D) The man talks about working instead of doing it.(A) Bill doesn’t take good care of knives.(B) This matter doesn’t concern Bi ll.(C) He wants to find a better tool.(D) He wants Bill to fix the knife.(A) There’s going to be a wedding.(B) The people should lean that dance better.(C) Big dances are the most fun.(D) They need to print more invitations.针对口语一二题万能模版(A) It’s sure to be easy.(B) It’ll cost less than last year’s.(C) It might be difficult.(D) It starts after breakfast.(A) He likes to stay late every day.(B) He does it more often than he’d like.(C) He does it only occasionally.(D) He never volunteers to do it.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44. (A) Most students don’t know how to cook.(B) The dormitories have limited cooking facilities.(C) The dining hall serves steak regularly.(D) It’s cheaper than cooking for themselves.(A) Only graduate students.(B) Only undergraduate women.(C) Dormitory residents.(D) University faculty.(A) Sunday evenings.(B) Monday mornings.(C) Saturday mornings.(D) Saturday evenings.刘文勇黄金阅读(A) Three dollars.(B) A housing contract.(C) An identification card.(D) A meal ticket.(A) The slow service.(B) The meal schedule.(C) The quality of the food.(D) The inconvenient location.(A) On weekends.(B) Around holidays.(C) On weekday mornings.(D) On weekday evenings.(A) Reading.(B) Sleeping.(C) Doing research.(D) Planning a trip.(A) To discuss his trip to Mexico.(B) To bring him a message from Professor Grant.(C) To ask for help with an anthropology assignment.(D) To see what progress he’s made on his paper.(A) He can’t sleep at night.(B) He can’t find a quiet place to study.(C) He can’t narrow down his research topic.(D) He can’t find enough information for his research paper.45.46.47.48.49.50. (A) She has been to Mexico.(B) She assigns long research papers.(C) She teaches cultural anthropology.(D) She collects ancient relies.(A) It would require a trip to Mexico.(B) It’s too broad a topic to research.(C) He doesn’t have relevant resource material.(D) He’s not interested in that part of the world.(A) Caring for natural brushes.(B) Techniques for painting animals.(C) Types of watercolor brush-strokes.(D) Effects of different brush-strokes.(A) Red sable.(B) Camel hair.(C) Squirrel hair.(D) Sabeline.(A) They stay rigid.(B) They are affordable.(C) They are easy to use.(D) They come in large sizes.(A) Their size.(B) Their durability.(C) Their composition.(D) Their color.●如何把托福阅读28+●托福阅读背景知识●托福写作万能写作模板●托福写作高分模板●托福写作冲刺需要五步B1.Orchestral instruments --- under the following types: strings, woodwind, brass, and percussion.(A) grouped(B) can group(C) can be grouped(D) to be grouped2.--- depressions in the ocean floor are called trenches.(A) There are the deep(B) Are the deep(C) Where deep(D) Deep3.In the course of her life, Mary Anne Sadlier --- , some fifty of them original novels and collections of stories.(A) Produced nearly sixty books(B) Produced sixty books nearly(C) Nearly sixty books produced(D) Sixty books nearly produced4.--- xenon could not form chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.(A) For(B) It was(C) That(D) While5.Eastern meadowlarks abound in places --- , but eat harmful insects rather than grain.(A) land is cultivated there(B) there is land cultivated(C) where land is cultivated(D) where is cultivated land6.Amplifiers such as those in computers and sound –reproducing systems are responsible for --- an erratic input signal.(A) strengthening(B) being strengthened(C) strengthen(D) to strengthen7.--- John Aaron Lewis pioneered in the development of “third stream music,”a blend of jazz and classical music.(A) A composer, who was(B) He was a composer(C) As a composer(D) When a composer he8.In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800’s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation --- the modern college rests.(A) is which(B) on which(C) which is on(D) on it9.Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events --- to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.(A) and thus(B) so(C) however(D) because10. --- lived on the Nor th Saskatchewan River long before the Hudson’s Bay Company built a fur trading post there.(A) Cree people(B) For Cree people(C) It was Cree people(D) Where Cree people11. --- has been a topic of continual geological research.(A) Did the continents originate(B) How did the continents originate(C) Have the continents originated(D) How the continents originated12. Because the papaya grows readily from seed, ---spread from its home in Central America and now grows throughout the tropics.(A) to be(B) it(C) the(D) its13. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have ---as the amount of money borrowed.(A) as the same value(B) the same value(C) value as the same(D) the value is the same14. Futurism, ---early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.(A) an(B) was an(C) that it was an(D) that an15. All living organisms constantly absorb carbon 14 ---their existence.(A) out(B) about(C) around(D) throughout16. Porcelain is not a single clay, and a compound of kaolin, ball clay, feldspar, and silica.A B C D17. The bison, know for the hump over its shoulders, is usually called a buffalo in NorthA B C DAmerica.18. Perspiration, the body’s built-in cooling mechanism occurs as a natural reaction toA B Cnervousness, intense heat, or vigorously exercise.D19. Because of the rising cost of fuel, scientists are building automobile engines who willA B C D conserve gasoline but still run smoothly.20. The primary function of a sonometer is to calculate and demonstrate the relationsA B C mathematical of melodious tones.D21. The most useful way of looking at a map is not as a piece of papers, but as a record ofA B Cgeographically organized information.D22. Vitamin A is essential to bone grow and to the healthiness of the skin and mucousA B C Dmembranes.23. The Moon, being much more nearer to the Earth than the Sun, is the principal cause of theA B Ctides.D24. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States are the Everglades whereA B Cwildlife is abundant and largely protected.D25. The dromedary camel is raised especially to racing.A B C D26. The founding of the Boston Library in 1653 demonstrate the early North American colonistsA Binterest in books and libraries.C D27. Public recognition of Ben Shahn as a major American artistic began with a retrospectiveA Bshow of his work in 1948.C D28. The texture of soil is determined by the size of the grains or particles that make up.A B C D29. To produce on pound of honey, a colony of bees must fly a distance equals to twice aroundA B C Dthe world.30. The domestic dog, considered to be the first tamed animal, is coexisting with human beingsA Bsince the days of the cave dwellers.C D31. Nature not only gave the Middle Atlantic region fine harbors, however endowed it with aAB C DD first-class system of inland waterways. 32. All matter resists any change in their condition of rest or of motion.A B C D33. Swans, noted for graceful movements in the water, have been the subject of many poetry,A B Cfairy tales, legends, and musical compositions.34. Since peach trees bloom very early in the season, they are in danger for spring frosts.A B C DD C 35. Like some other running birds, the sanderling lacks a back toe and has a three-toed feet.A B C36. Lucretia Mott’s influence was too significant that she has been credited by some authorities A Bas the originator of feminism in the United States.C37. Large bodies of water and the prevalence of moisture-bearing winds often produce aA B Ccondition of tall humidity, affecting the local weather.D38. Manganese does not exist naturally in a pure state because it reacts so easily with otherA B Celement.D39. Scientists estimate that as many as hundred millions visible meteors enter the Earth’sA B Catmosphere every day.D40. Although not abundant in nature, zinc is important for both the galvanization of iron and theA B C preparation of alloys as such brass and German silver.DCPassage 1 By the late nineteenth century, the focus for the engineers and builders of tunnels was beginning to shift from Europe to the United States and especially New York, where the rivers encircling Manhattan captured the imagination of tunnelers and challenged their ingenuity. The first to accept the challenge was a somewhat mysterious Californian named DeWitt Clinton Haskin, who turned up in New York in the 1870's with a proposal to tunnel through the silt under the Hudson River between Manhattan and Jersey City. Haskin eventually abandoned the risky project. But a company organized by William McAdoo resumed the attack in I 902, working from both directions. Mc Adoo’s men were forced to blast when they ran into an unexpected ledge of rock, but with this obstacle surmounted. the two headings met in 1904 and McAdoo donned oilskins to become the Hudson’s first underwater bank - to - bank pedestrian. World' s Work magazine proudly reported in 1906 that New York could now be described as a body of land surrounded by tunnels Three one - way shafts beneath the Hudson and two under the Harlem River were already holed through; three more Hudson tubes were being built. Eight separate tunnels were under construction beneath the East River. 1. According to the passage, DeWitt Clinton Haskin camefrom (A) Jersey City (B) Europe (C) California (D) New York 2. What does the author imply about DeWitt Clinton Haskin' 5 background? (A) It did not qualify him to handle explosives. (B) It was not something people knew much about. (C) It included diverse work experiences. (D) It included many inferior projects. 3. According to the passage, when did William McAdoo begin to work on the Hudson River tunnel? (A) 1870 (B) 1902 (C) 1904 (D) 1906 4. According to the passage, the workers tunneling for William McAdoowere surprised to find which of the following where they were working? (A) Oil (B) Silt (C) Rock (D) Shafts 5. The quotation from World' s Work magazine in line 12 introduces facts about (A)cities that were building new tunnels to Manhattan (B)people' s concern eve the weakening of the city's foundation (C)the role of New York City in promoting engineering (D)the number of tunnels being built at the time 6. Where in the passage does the author refer to the first person to walk beneath the Hudson River? (A) Lines 1 - 3 (B) Lines 4-6 (C) Lines 8-11 (D) Lines 14 - 15Passage 2 Icebergs are among nature' 5 most spectacular creations, and yet most people have never seen one. A vague air of mystery envelops them. They come into being somewhere-in faraway, frigid waters, amid thunderous noise and splashing turbulence,which in most cases no one hears or sees. They exist only a short time and then slowly waste away just a unnoticed. Objects of sheerest beauty, they have been called. Appearing in an endless variety of shapes they may be dazzlingly white, or they may be glassy blue, green. or purple, tinted faintly or in darker hues. They are graceful, stately, inspiring-in calm, sunlit seas. But they are also called frightening and dangerous, and that they are-in the night, in the fog, and in storms. Even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe distance away from them. Most of their bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond the visible top. Also, they may roll over unexpectedly, churning the waters around them. Icebergs are parts of glaciers that break off, 'drift into the water, float about awhile, and finally melt. Icebergs afloat today are made of snowflakes that have fallen over long ages of time. They embody snows that drifted down hundreds, or many thousands, or in some cases maybe a million years ago. The snows fell in polar regions and on cold mountains, where they melted only a little or not at all, and so collected to great depths over the years and centuries. As each year S snow accumulation lay on the surface, evaporation and melting caused the snowflakes slowly to lose their feathery points and become tiny grains of ice. When new snow fell on top of the old, it too turned to icy grains. So blankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of the upper layers compressed the lower ones. With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid mass of ice. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (A) The Melting of Icebergs (B) The Nature and Origin of Icebergs (C) The Size and Shape of Icebergs (D) The Dangers of Icebergs The author states that icebergs are rarely seen because they are (A) surrounded by fog (B) hidden beneath the mountains (C) located in remote regions of the world(D) broken by waves soon after they are formed The passage mentions all of the following colors for icebergs EXCEPT (A) yellow (B) blue (C) green (D) purple According to the passage, icebergs are dangerous becausethey (A) usually melt quickly (B) can turn over very suddenly (C) may create immense snowdrifts (D) can cause unexpected avalanches According to the passage, icebergs originate from a buildup of (A) turbulent water (B) feathers (C) underwater pressure (D) snowflakes 6. The formation of an iceberg is most clearly analogous to which of the following activities? (A)Walking on flufty new snow, causing it to become more compact and icy (B)Plowing large areas of earth, leaving the land flat and barren (C)Skating across a frozen lake and leaving a trail behind (D)Blowing snow into one large pile to clear an area 7. In line 23, the expression "from above" refers to (A)sunlit seas (B)polar regions (C)weight of mountains (D)layers of ice and snow 8. The attitude of the author toward icebergs is one of(A)disappointment (B)humor (C)disinterest (D)wonderPassage 3 Born in 1830 in rural Amherst, Massachusetts, Emily Dickinson spent her entire life in the household of her parents. Between 1858 and 1862, it was later discovered, she wrote like a person possessed, often producing a poem a day. It was also during this period that her life was transformed into the myth of Amherst. Withdrawing more and more, keeping to her room sometimes even refusing to see visitors who called, she began to dress only in white-a habit that added to her reputation as an eccentric. In their determination to read Dickinson's life in terms of a traditional romantic plot biographers have missed the unique pattern of her life-her struggle to create a female life not yet imagined by the culture in which she lived. Dickinson was not the innocent, lovelorn and emotionally fragile girl sentimentalized by the Dickinson myth and popularized by William Luce’s 1976 play, The B eIle of Amherst. Her decision to shut the door on Amherst society in the 1~5O's transformed her house into a kind of magical realm in which she was free to engage her poetic genius. Her seclusion was not the result of a failed love affairs but rather a part of a more general pattern of renunciation through which she, in her quest for self – sovereignty, carried on an argument with the Puritan fathers. attacking with wit and irony their cheerless Calvinist doctrine, their stern patriarchal God. and their rigid notions of "true womanhood." 1. What is the author's main purpose in the passage? (A)To interpret Emily Dickinson' 5 eccentric behavior (B)To promote the popular myth of Emily Dickinson (C) To discuss Emily Dickinson's failed love affair (D) To describe the religious climate in Emily Dickinson'stime 2. According to the passage, the period from 1858 to 1862 was for Emily Dickinsona period of great (A)tragedy (B)sociability (C)productivity (D) frivolity 3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as being one of Emily Dickinson' s eccentricities? (A) Refusing to eat (B)Wearing only write (C)Avoiding visitors (D)Staying in her room4. According to the passage, biographers of Emily Dickinson havetraditionally (A)criticized most of her poems (B)ignored her innocence and emotional fragility (C)seen her life in romantic terms (D)blamed her parents for restricting her activities 5.Why does the author mention William Luce's play The Belle of Amherst? (A)To give an example of the sentimentalized Emily Dickinson myth (B)To show how popular Emily Dickinson's poems have become (C)To show that Emily Dickinson was also an actress (D)To illustrate the theatrical quality of Emily Dickinson's poems 1 6.The author imp ies that many people attribute Emily Dickinson's seclusion to (A)physical illness (B)a failed love affair (C)religious fervor (D)Her dislike of people 7.The author suggests all of the following asreasons for Emily Dickinson's unusual behavior EXCEPT the(A)struggle to create 3 new female identity(B)desire to develop her genius undisturbed(C)search for her own independence(D)attempt to draw attention to her poetry8.It can be inferred from the passage that Emily Dickinson lived in a society that wascharacterized by (A)strong Puritan beliefs (B)equality of men and women(C)the encouragement of nonconformity(D)the appreciation of poetic creativityPassage 4 Native Americans from the southeastern part of what is now the United States believed that the universe in which they lived was made up of three separate, but related, worlds: the Upper World. the Lower World, and This World. In the last there lived humans. most animals, and all plants. This World, a round island resting on the surface of waters, was suspended fromthe sky by four cords attached to the island at the four cardinal 'points of the compass. Lines drawn to connect the opposite points of the compass, from north to south and from east to west, intersected This World to divide it into four wedge - shaped segments. Thus a' symbolic representation of the human world was a cross within a circle, the cross representing the intersecting lines and the circle the shape of This World. Each segment of This World was identified by its own color. According to Cherokee doctrine,' east was associated with the color red because it was the direction of the Sun, the greatest deity of all. Red was also the color of fire, believed to be directly connected with the Sun, with blood, and therefore' with life. Finally, red was the color of success. The west was the Moon segment; it provided no warmth and was not life - giving as the Sun was. So its color was black. North was the direction of cold, and so its color was blue (sometimes purple), and it represented trouble and defeat. South was the direction of warmth, its color, white, was associated with peace and happiness. The southeastern Native Americans' universe was one in which opposites were constantly at war with each other, red against black, blue against white. This World hovered somewhere between the perfect order and predictability of the Upper World and the total disorder and instability of the Lower World. The goal was to find some kind of halfway path, or balance, between those other worlds. 1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (A)One Civilization's View of the Universe (B)The Changing of the Seasons in the Southeast (C)The Painting of Territorial Maps by Southeastern Native Americans (D)The War Between Two Native American Civilizations 2. In line 3, the phrase "the last" refers to (A) all plants (B) This World (C) the universe (D) the Upper World 3. Tne author implies that This World was located (A) inside the Upper World (B) inside the Lower World (C) above the Upper World (D) between the Upper World and Lower World 4. According to the passage, southeastern Native Americans compared This World to (A) waters(B) the sky (C) an animal (D) an island 5. According to the passage, lines divided This World into how many segments? (A)Two (B)Three (C)Four (D)Five 6. According to the passage, southeastern Native Americans associated red with all of the following EXCEPT (A)fire (B)trouble (C)blood (D) success 7. According to the passage. which of the following colors represented the west for southeastern Native Americans? (A)Blue (B)While (C)Black (D) Purple 8. The shape of This Word is closest to that of which of the following? (A)A circle (B)A triangle (C)A square (D)A cube。
托福全真试题
93-01 93年1月TOEFL听力A1. (A) Did you move the chair or did Ed do it?(B) Ed wants to move the chair.(C) Please move the chair Ed.(D) Ed forgot to move the chair, so will you do it?2. (A) Diane respects her teacher.(B) The teacher is looking at Diane.(C) Diane is taller than her teacher.(D) Diane doesn't like her teacher's looks.3. (A) I must take my groceries home.(B) I didn't bring my shopping list with me.(C) My left wrist is sore.(D) I need to go home for a rest.4. (A) I thought the novel would be better.(B) The novel is surprisingly good.(C) The novel is just what I hoped it would be.(D) I think the novel is quite boring.5. (A) Someone assisted him with the work.(B) Someone should do the work, or him.(C) He didn't quite finish the work.(D) He didn't work long enough.6. (A) At what time must you leave?(B) Have you forgotten what day it is?(C) What still needs to be done today?(D) Who left the tray here yesterday?7. (A) No one knew what the formal requirements were.(B) There was no need for us to get dressed up.(C) They asked for our former address.(D) Everyone was wearing formal suits or gowns.8. (A) I seldom have meat.(B) I like to eat early.(C) I never buy meat.(D) I prefer my meat rare.9. (A) Rita's roommate helped her to pack.(B) Rita's roommate needed help packing.(C) Rita's got the package for her roommate.(D) Rita had her baggage with her.10. (A) I figured the expenses on the last page.(B) Your plan will cost too much.(C) Drawing can be an expensive hobby.(D) You should go back to your original plan.11. (A) Both of us were exhausted.(B) We always tried to rest after exercising.(C) I turned over and went to sleep again.(D) I was overtired and couldn't sleep.12. (A) How could you forget to put the salt out.(B) I thought I bought salt last week, but I could be wrong.(C) I bought salt a few days ago; it can't be finished yet.(D) Did someone else also buy salt?13. (A) Let's not make them at all.(B) Don't make them use it all.(C) Leslie wouldn't share her work with them.(D) We should share the work with them.14. (A) She left the hospital and resumed her classes.(B) She went to the hospital after class.(C) She didn't complete her classes because she went to the hospital.(D) She was released from class so she could go to the hospital.15. (A) Our phone service was turned off.(B) They added another telephone.(C) Our phone service began today.(D) They refused to repair our telephone.16. (A) The frightened puppy was licking Lois hand.(B) Lois is not afraid to give a speech now.(C) Some people came over to speak to Lois.(D) Lois will hear about the fair tonight.17. (A) It's too bad you haven't worked harder.(B) We haven't heard a word about your work.(C) We'd like to walk to work with you.(D) You'll be well repaid for working so hard.18. (A) You can honestly say what you think.(B) Believe me the tray is not much use.(C) Frankly, I don't think much of Ray.(D) In my opinion the play was not very good.19. (A) She overlooked my paper by mistake.(B) She wanted us to review our own papers.(C) She asked us over to discuss the errors.(D) She said she would look at the papers again.20. (A) Two people walked in late for the movie.(B) Most of the people left before the movie was over.(C) A few people had to stand to watch the movie.(D) Some people moved their seats during the movie.21. (A) He can't go this weekend.(B) He has a hole in his bathing suit.(C) They should stay at the beach longer.(D) They shouldn't spend much money.22. (A) Turn the alarm off.(B) Live on a farm.(C) Move his alarm clock.(D) Go to bed earlier.23. (A) He hasn't had time to find another apartment.(B) His mother dusted her apartment the day before last.(C) He hasn't cleaned the apartment since his mother visited.(D) His mother was the last person to come over to his apartment.24. (A) Making a pot of coffee.(B) Trying different brands of coffee.(C) Drinking less coffee.(D) Getting a different coffeepot.25. (A) Some music cassettes.(B) Some school supplies.(C) Something to drink.(D) Something to eat.26. (A) He has finished his biology project.(B) He'll feel happier when the project is completed.(C) He's annoyed with everyone.(D) He took a nap in biology class.27. (A) She knows very little about bicycles.(B) She doesn't want the man to study.(C) The man likes to study outdoors.(D) The man isn't ready to study yet.28. (A) Try to find it in the house.(B) Repair the roof.(C) Lend his friend a pen.(D) Become extremely angry.29. (A) She agrees with the man.(B) She didn't hear what the man said.(C) She is surprised by his opinion.(D) She thinks he should look at it again.30. (A) The weather forecast has often been wrong.(B) No more rain is needed.(C) It's going to rain today.(D) They'll have more time tomorrow.31. (A) Ann should shut the door.(B) Ann should be quieter.(C) Ann shouldn't have stayed at the library so long.(D) Ann shouldn't have returned home.32. (A) Doris asked someone to build them.(B) Both she and Doris worked on them.(C) They didn't need to be fixed.(D) Not all of them were hers.33. (A) Bob doesn't have to stay until after his exams.(B) Bob will get into trouble if he doesn't stay.(C) Bob can't take his exams home with him.(D) Bob can't find a way to solve the problem.34. (A) He lost it.(B) He used it last night.(C) He was the last to use it.(D) He finally brought it back.35. (A) The novel wasn't so difficult to read.(B) She can't remember the author's name.(C) There were many comic characters.(D) She read it a long time ago.36. (A) One of his classes finished early.(B) He wanted to get some studying done.(C) The library had a special display on the industrial Revolution.(D) His books were ten days overdue.37. (A) Checked them out.(B) Took notes on them.(C) Returned them to the shelves.(D) Put them in his book bag.38. (A) They are marked with colored labels.(B) They are specially coded.(C) They are checked out.(D) They are inspected by the guard.39. (A) Copies down the name and the address of each borrower.(B) Checks all books for missing pages.(C) Demagnetizes the books as they are checked out.(D) Helps students use the card catalog.40. (A) To explain the importance of learning rhythm and harmony in jazz.(B) To show that jazz is not really music at all.(C) To point out similarities between jazz and classical music.(D) To describe what makes a good jazz performance.41. (A) They memorize their music before performing it.(B) They are more famous than performers of other kinds of music.(C) They perform their music as a means of individual self expression.(D) They possess detailed knowledge of the rules of jazz performers.42. (A) Practice various jazz rhythms.(B) Interview a jazz musician.(C) Watch a film about jazz performers.(D) Listen to some recordings of jazz music.43. (A) To Colorado.(B) To Arizona.(C) To the Nile River.(D) To the Museum of Natural History.44. (A) Archaeological.(B) Biological.(C) Meteorological.(D) Sociological.45. (A) In a cave.(B) In a river.(C) In a tree.(D) In a boat.46. (A) Solve a mystery.(B) See the canyon.(C) Find some driftwood.(D) Take some photographs.47. (A) A radio broadcast.(B) A political discussion.(C) A sales promotion.(D) A health documentary.48. (A) Where fruit is grown.(B) How fruit becomes ripe.(C) Why fruit falls from trees.(D) Which fruits are edible.49. (A) The fruit itself.(B) The air surrounding the fruit.(C) The spray applied by farmers.(D) The tree or vines to which the fruit is attached.50. (A) The fruit loses its sweetness.(B) The fruit falls off the tree.(C) Bees begin to pollinate the fruit.(D) The temperature inside the fruit increases.B1. --- that as both birds and mammals become larger, their metabolic rates er unit of tissuedecrease, and they generally live longer.(A) The truth(B) If true(C) It is true(D) To be true2. Asteroids are small and therefore very difficult to identify, even when --- to Earth.(A) quite closely(B) are being quite close(C) are they quite closely(D) they are quite close3. A number of modern sculptors have rejected --- of minimal and environmental art anddeveloped a style of extreme realism.(A) which abstract qualities(B) there are abstract qualities(C) the abstract qualities(D) the qualities are abstract4. --- tributaries of the Mississippi River system were navigated by steamboats during the periodbefore the outbreak of the Civil War.(A) More than forty(B) More than forty were(C) Forty more than(D) There were more than forty5. Mary Eliza McDowell's introduction to social service came --- , when she assisted victims ofthe great Chicago Fire of 1871.(A) was sixteen years old(B) had sixteen years(C) at age sixteen(D) sixteen6. Young herons are helpless for a few weeks --- they learn to fly.(A) how(B) before(C) despite(D) since 7. The history of painting is a fascinating chain of events that probably began with ---.(A) ever made the very first pictures(B) the ever made very first pictures(C) the very first ever made pictures(D) the very first pictures ever made8. The center of gravity of the human body --- behind the hip joint.(A) locates(B) locating(C) to locate(D) is located9. The leaves and stems of the alfalfa plant are the only parts of the plant ---.(A) the uses for livestock fees(B) for using livestock feed(C) used for livestock feed(D) they are used for livestock feed10. --- choose to live in or near metropolitan areas simply because they like the rapid pace of citylife.(A) So large numbers of people to(B) There are large numbers of people(C) Large numbers of people(D) Large numbers of people who11. --- to space travelers is high acceleration or deceleration forces.(A) Danger can be(B) They can be dangerous(C) What can be dangerous(D) While danger12. Organic chemistry has made many new products---.(A) possible(B) as possible(C) are possible(D) they are possible13. Perfectly matched pearls, strung into a necklace, --- a far higher price than the same pearlssold individually.(A) in order to bring(B) their bringing(C) bringing(D) bring14. Some metropolitan newspapers would make sizable volumes --- in book form.(A) than the print(B) print them(C) if printed(D) they are printed15. Pennsylvania ranks high among the states population --- many areas are sparsely settled.(A) and yet(B) so even(C) if not(D) except for16. Since the beginning of this century, the United States government has played an role in the A supervision and use of the nation's natural resources.B C D17. Between 1906 and 1917, political activist Emma Goldma devoted most of her efforts to A B Cwriting, traveling and lectured. D18. Height, powerful and speed are attributes that coaches often look for in basketball players. A B C D19. Many of society's wealth is controlled by large corporations and government agencies. A B C D20. Pieces of eighteenth-century porcelain they are frequently dug up in excavations at A B C D williamsburg Virginia.21. A major purpose of scientific analysis is to identify and examine causal connections between A B Cindependent and dependence variables.D22. Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. A B C D23. Recause it is a healthful way to exercise aerobic dancing is considered an excellent method A B Cfor release tension.D24. Doppler radar can be used to determine the direction which in the particles of a cloud are A B Cmoving. D25. Applied research aims at some specific objective, such as the development of a new produce, A B C process, or material. D26. Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks.A B C D27. The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological A B C DLaboratory in the 1930's.28. Clementine Hunter's primitive paintings have been exhibited at various galleries, included A B C Done at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C.29. Alike a chicken, the grouse has four toes, with the hind one raised above the ground.A B C D30. Membership in labor unions in the United States reached its peak of 17 millions members in A B C D1960.31. The newer kinds of seeds produce corn it has much greater food value than older kinds.A B C D32. In meteorology, either the formation of clouds and the precipitation of dew, rain, and snoware A Bknown as condensation.C D33. Varieties of yellow grapes that have tender skin, rich flavor and high sugar content are A B Cespecially suited with making raisins.D34. Despite resistance in some parts of Canada, the conversion to metric measurement have been A B Csaid to be largely successful.D35. The most safest way to watch a solar eclipse is for one to look at it in a mirror while wearing A B C Ddark glasses.36. Chied Joseph La Flesche, a vigorous Omaha leader, worked hardly to make his nation aproud A B C and progressive one. D37. The diamond is the only gemstone composed with just one chemical element, carbon.A B C D38. In 1941 Orson Welles produced Citizen Kane a film noted for its technical brilliant, structural A Bcomplexity, and Literate treatment of a controversial biographical subject.C D39. Wildlife conservationists say the cover that foliage provides for animals is equal in A B Cimportance to the food supplying.D40. The Leyden jar was one of the earliest form of condensers invented to store an electrical A B C Dcharge.CPassage 1Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod shaped bacteria are usually from two to tour microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter Thus if you enlarged a founded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tallEven with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy - looking "hairs" called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria though the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power while others can glide along over surfaces by some little understood mechanism.From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans To a bacterium water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.1 Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?(A) The characteristics of bacteria(B) How bacteria reproduce(C) The various functions of bacteria(A) How bacteria contribute to disease2. Bacteria are measured in(A) inches(B) centimeters(C) microns(D)millimeters3. Which of the following is the smallest?(A) A pinhead(B) A rounded bacterium(C) A microscope(D)A rod - shaped bacterium4. According to the passage, someone who examines bacteria using only a microscope that magnifies 100 times would see(A)tiny dots(B) small "hairs"(C) large rods(D) detailed structures5. The relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is most nearly analogous to which of the following?(A) A rider jumping on a horse's back(B) A ball being hit by a bat(C) A boat powered by a motor(D) A door closed by a gust of wind6. In line 16, the author compares water to molasses, in order to introduce which of the following topics?(A) The bacterial content of different liquids(B) What happens when bacteria are added to molasses(C) The molecular structures of different chemicals(D) How difficult it is for bacteria to move through waterPassage 2One of the most popular literary figures in American literature is a woman who spent almost half of her long life in China, a country on a continent thousands of miles from the Unite States. In her lifetime she earned this country's most highly acclaimed literary award: the Pulitzer Prize, and also the most prestigious form of literary recognition in the world, the Nobel Prize for Literature. Pearl S. Buck was almost a household word throughout much of her lifetime because of her prolific literary output, which consisted of some eighty - five published works, including several dozen novels, six collections of short stories, fourteen books for children, and more than a dozen works of nonfiction. When she was eighty years old, some twenty - five volumes were awaiting publication. Many of those books were set in China, the land in which she spent so much of her life. Her books and her life served as a bridge between the cultures of the East and the West. As the product of those two cultures she became as the described herself, "mentally bifocal." Her unique background made her into an unusually interesting and versatile human being. As we examine the life of Pearl Buck, we cannot help but be aware that we are in fact meeting three separate people: a wife and mother, an internationally famous writer and a humanitarian and philanthropist. One cannot really get to know Pearl Buck without learning about each of the three. Though honored in her lifetime with the William Dean Howell Medal of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in addition to the Nobel and Pulitzer prizes. Pearl Buck as a total human being, not only a famous author. i s a captivating subject of study.1.What is the author's main purpose in the passage?(A) To offer a criticism of the works of Pearl Buck.(B) To illustrate Pearl Buck's views on Chinese literature(C) To indicate the background and diverse interests of Pearl Buck(D) To discuss Pearl Buck's influence on the cultures of the East and the West2. According to the passage, Pearl Buck is known as a writer of all of the following EXCEPT(A) novels(B) children's books(C) poetry(D) short stories3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as an award received by Pearl Buck?(A) The Nobel Prize(B) The Newberry Medal(C) The William Dean Howell medal(D) The Pulitzer prize4. According to the passage, Pearl Buck was an unusual figure in American literature in that she(A) wrote extensively about a very different culture(B) published half of her books abroad(C) won more awards than any other woman of her time(D) achieved her first success very late in life5. According to the passage, Pearl Buck described herself as "mentally bifocal" to suggest thatshe was(A) capable of resolving thc differences between two distinct linguistic systems(B) keenly aware of how the past could influence the future(C) capable of producing literary works of interest to both adults and children(D) equally familiar with two different cultural environments1. The author's attitude toward Peart Buck could best be described as(A) indifferent(B) admiring(C) sympathetic(D) tolerantPassage 3When we accept the evidence of our unaided eyes and describe the Sun as a yellow star, we have summed up the most important single fact about it-at this moment in time.It appears probable, however, that sunlight will be the color we know for only a negligibly small part of the Sun's history.Stars, like individuals, age and change. As we look out into space, We see around us stars at all stages of evolution. There are faint blood-red dwarfs so cool that their surface temperature is a mere 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit, there are searing ghosts blazing at 100, 000 degrees Fahrenheit and almost too hot to be seen, for the great part of their radiation is in the invisible ultraviolet range. Obviously, the "daylight" produced by any star depends on its temperature; today(and for ages to come) our Sun is at about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit, and this means that most of the Sun's light is concentrated in the yellow band of the spectrum, falling slowly in intensity toward both the longer and shorter light waves.That yellow "hump" will shift as the Sun evolves, and the light of day will change accordingly. It is natural to assume that as the Sun grows older, and uses up its hydrogen fuel-which it is now doing at the spanking rate of half a billion tons a second- it will become steadily colder and redder.1.What is the passage mainly about?(A)Faint dwarf stars(B)The evolutionary cycle of the Sun(C)The Sun's fuel problem(D)The dangers of invisible radiation2.What does the author say is especially important about the Sun at the present time?(A) It appears yellow(B) It always remains the same(C) It has a short history(D) It is too cold3. Why are very hot stars referred to as "ghosts"?(A)They are short- lived.(B) They are mysterious.(C)They are frightening.(D) They are nearly invisible.4. According to the passage as the Sun continues to age, it is likely to become what color?(A) Yellow(B) Violet(C) Red(D) White5.In line 15,to which of the following does "it"refer?(A)yellow "hump"(B)day(C)Sun(D)hydrogen fuelPassage 4If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1830'sand 1840's were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abuttedthe older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse - drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass - scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle class whose desires for homeownership In neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single - family housing tracts.1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(A) The growth of Philadelphia(B) The Origin of the Suburb(C) The Development of City Transportation(D) The Rise of the Urban Middle Class2. The author mentions that areas bordering the cities have grown during periods of(A) industrialization(B) inflation(C) revitalization(D) unionization3. In line 10 the word "encroachment" refers to which of the following?(A) The smell of the factories(B) The growth of mill towns(C) The development of waterways(D) The loss of jobs4. Which of the following was NCT mentioned in the passage as a factor in nineteenth - century suburbanization?(A) Cheaper housing(B) Urban crowding(C)The advent of an urban middle class(D) The invention of the electric streetcar5. It can be inferred from the passage that after 1890 most people traveled around cities by(A) automobile(B) cart(C)horse - draw trolley(D)electric streetcar6. Where in the passage does the author describe the cities as they were prior to suburbanization.(A)Lines 3-5(B)Lines S-9(C)Lines 12- 13(D) Lines 15-18Passage 5The first English attempts to colonize North America were controlled by individuals rather than companies. Sir Humphrey Gilbert was the first Englishman to send colonists to the New World. His intrial expedition, which sailed in 1578 with a patent granted by Queen Elizabeth was defeated by the Spanish. A second attempt ended in disaster in 1583, when Giblert and hisship were lost in a storm. In the following year, Gilbert's half brother, Sir Water Raleigh, having obtained a renewal of the patent, sponsored an expedition that explored the coast of the regionthat he named "Virgina." Under Raleigh's direction efforts were then made to establish a colony on Roanoke island in 1585 an6 1587. The survivors of the first settlement on Roanoke returned to England in 1586, but the second group of colonists disappeared without leaving a trace. The failure of the Gilbert and Raleigh ventures made it clear that the tasks they had undertaken were too big for any one colonizer. Within a short time the trading company had supplanted the individual promoter of colonization.1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?(A)The Regulation of Trading Companies(B)British - Spanish Rivalry in the New World(C)Early Attempts at Colonizing North America(D)Royal Patents Issued in the 16th Century2. The passage states which of the following about the first English people to be involved in establishing colonies in North America?(A)They were requested to do so by Queen Elizabeth.(B)They were members of large trading companies.(C)They were immediately successful.(D)They were acting on their own.3.According to the passage, which of the following statements about Sir HumphreyGilbert is true?(A) He never settled in North America.(B) His trading company was given a patent by the queen.(C) He fought the Spanish twice.(D) He died in 1587. 4. When did Sir Walter Raleigh's initial expedition set out for North America?(A)1577(B)1579(C)1582(D)15845. Which of the following can be infered from the passage about members of the first Roanoke settlement?(A)They explored the entire coastal region.(B)Some did not survive.(C)They named the area "Virginia".(D) Most were not experienced sailors.6. According to the passage, the first English settlement on Roanoke Island was established in(A)1578(B)1583(C)1585(D)15877. According to the passage, which of; the following statements about the second settlement on Roanoke Island is true?(A) Its settlers all gave up and returned to England.(B) It lasted for several years.(C) The fate of its inhabitants is unknown.(D) It was conquered by the Spanish. 。
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0-1 ９０年１月ＴＯＥＦＬ听力 A1. (A) I have the key s to my sister's house.(B) My sister may have forgotten her skis.(C) My keys are probably at my sister's house.(D) I had to leave a pair of skis for my sister.2. (A) We should have graduated sooner.(B) The graduation ceremony is to be held as early as possible.(C) Early arrivals don't need to reserve seats for the ceremony.(D) It's necessary for us to arrive at the ceremony early.3. (A) Sara taught me how to use the computer.(B) Sara is spending too little time on computer projects.(C) I use the computer half as much as Sara does.(D) I have one computer and Sara has two.4. (A) Robert warned us to listen carefully.(B) We should pay attention to Robert.(C) Robert is talking instead of listening.(D) Let Robert hear the good news.5. (A) Stop that!(B) Go outside!(C) Do it again!(D) Put the scissors away!6. (A) Lois should work harder.(B) You should look for Lois.(C) Lois works very hard.(D) You are expecting too much of Lois.7. (A) Dean Williams asked the president to speak to the faculty.(B) The president asked Dean Williams to speak to the faculty.(C) Dean Williams and the president were invited to the faculty meeting.(D) The faculty must notify the president of a change of address.8. (A) Soon I'll be finished.(B) I've just finished.(C) I finished it a while ago.(D) I'll never finish it.9. (A) He doesn't like his work.(B) He isn't doing a good job.(C) He became ill at the office.(D) He's tired of looking for a job.10. (A) You don't find posters interesting, do you?(B) I believe framed posters are good for decorating.(C) Collecting posters is an interesting hobby.(D) He's tired of looking for a job.11. (A) I brought a camera just like that one.(B) I bought the wrong type of camera.(C) That camera ought to take very sharp photographs.(D) A camera is precisely what we need.12. (A) He gave back only the quizzes.(B) He gave only one quiz.(C) We wish he would return our quizzes.(D) We would like him to stop giving us quizzes.13. (A) I'm sorry to have inconvenienced you.(B) I'm not the cause of your problems.(C) I came because I heard you were in trouble.(D) I don't intend to worry about it very much.14. (A) One section of students is the best.(B) The students are very fond of playing football.(C) It's interesting to watch football practice.(D) I enjoy sitting with the students at the game.15. (A) We cannot attend the meeting at the airport.(B) Doesn't anyone want to go to the airport?(C) I believe that we'll be met at the airport.(D) Do you want to see someone at the airport?16. (A) These things take time to learn.(B) Will you study any more?(C) Why do you keep on making the same mistakes?(D) It will be a good learning experience for you.17. (A) That doesn't look like my suitcase.(B) Don't you recognize my suitcase?(C) Don't I usually lock my suitcase?(D) As far as I know, my suitcase should be open.18. (A) If you can see the movie on television, why pay for it?(B) Would it be foolish to watch that movie on television?(C) Why did you pay to see a movie on television?(D) When you saw that movie on television, was it silly?19. (A) I had no idea which report was due.(B) I thought only one report was due.(C) I didn't know they were both reporters.(D) I don't report what I do every day.20. (A) The sessions are very short.(B) The sessions may become longer.(C) The classes are too long.(D) The classes should be made smaller.21. (A) At a hairdresser's.(B) At a tailor's.(C) At a butcher's.(D) At a photographer's.22. (A) He is not used to big cities.(B) He is very tall and thin.(C) He will be hard to find.(D) he should watch what he does.23. (A) Cash a check for the man.(B) Get money to pay a bill.(C) Return Bill's books to the store.(D) Check to see whether she can pay in cash.24. (A) Five may be too many.(B) The decision must be made soon.(C) It would be smart to take more.(D) Four People are enrolled in them.25. (A) Find the newspaper editor.(B) Find a job working as a reporter.(C) Stay awake for the midnight news program.(D) Prepare an editorial for this week's newspaper.26. (A) A furnished house.(B) A recent book.(C) A refinished cellar.(D) A new record.27. (A) He hasn't had time to do the experiment.(B) The experiment turned out well.(C) The experiment took a lot of time.(D) He only did part of the experiment that day.28. (A) Keeping the check.(B) Sending a wire.(C) Inspecting the wiring.(D) Replacing the lamp.29. (A) It is in the center of the campus.(B) It should have a map of the city.(C) It has information about summer camps.(D) It probably has a campus map.30. (A) The paper must be in on time.(B) The question wasn't very clear.(C) He should ask a different person.(D) His request was made too late.31. (A) They have arrived late.(B) She agrees with the man.(C) They are uncertain about the weather.(D) She didn't think the man was ever late.32. (A) Her room isn't the one that's messy.(B) Joan's room is the large one.(C) She would like to change the subject.(D) She shares her room with Joan.33. (A) Happy.(B) Resentful.(C) Disappointed.(D) Sentimental.34. (A) Continue to drive.(B) Pay a traffic ticket.(C) Let the passenger out.(D) Park at the corner.35. (A) The woman hadn't sent a thank you note.(B) The woman hadn't noticed him.(C) The woman had left him a note.(D) The woman hadn't gotten his note.36. (A) Biomedical engineers.(B) Nursing students.(C) Students of philosophy.(D) Mechanics.37. (A) During the first week of classes.(B) During the second week of classes.(C) After the second week of classes.(D) Just before the final exam.38. (A) The mind can be completely understood through scientific observation.(B) The mind is too complex to be considered part of the "vital force".(C) The mind and the brain have the same chemical and physical functions.(D) The mind may function separately from the brain.39. (A) Decide whether they are mechanists or vitalists.(B) Take an article home and read it.(C) Transfer to the introductory class.(D) Write an essay about vitalism and mechanism.40. (A) An art student.(B) A chemistry student.(C) A newspaper reporter.(D) A landscape designer.41. (A) The name of an art school.(B) The differences between two kinds of paint.(C) Information about a course.(D) Locations about a course.42. (A) They dry in a short time.(B) They are easy to find in stores.(C) They come in many unusual colors.(D) They feel pleasant to the touch.43. (A) Experiment with achieving textures in painting.(B) Learn to mix their own paints.(C) Learn to appreciate abstract designs.(D) Copy the works of master painters.44. (A) Complete unfinished projects.(B) Practice techniques he has learned before.(C) Teach less advanced students how to use acrylic paints.(D) Learn how to apply paints with different kinds of brushes.45. (A) See the woman's work.(B) Ask his roommate for advice.(C) Order some supplies.(D) Sign up for a painting class.46. (A) On a Tuesday.(B) On a Wednesday.(C) On a Thursday.(D) On a Friday.47. (A) A final copy of the research project.(B) Copies of the midterm.(C) A textbook and pencils.(D) A few pens.48. (A) There will be only multiple-choice questions.(B) The exam will be both multiple-choice and essay questions.(C) The exam will have an oral and a written section.(D) There will be only essay questions.49. (A) it will be easy to understand.(B) Students will be tested on all the material discussed in class.(C) It will cover topics from a wide variety of academic fields.(D) Students must complete all parts of it.50. (A) During the first week of class.(B) During midterm week.(C) On the last day of class.(D) On the last day of exam week. ＥＸＥＲＣＩＳＥ ＦＩＶＥ B1. ---ratchet is a wheel or bar that can move in only one direction.(A) A(B) It is a(C) Although a(D) There is a2. Thomas Jefferson's achievements as an architect rival his contributions ---a politician.(A) such(B) more(C) as(D) than3. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ---best in its climate and soil.(A) it grows(B) what grows(C) does it grow(D) what does it grow4. Possibly the greatest advance in ---materials came with the invention of a cheap way to makesteel.(A) bridge-building(B) building of bridges(C) building a bridge(D) bridges are built5. ---, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.(A) Contrary to general belief(B) General belief contrary to(C) Belief contrary to general(D) Contrary belief general to6. Two years after she was chosen president of the Texas State Senate, ---successfully for aseat in the United States Congress.(A) Barbara Jordan's campaign being(B) Barbara Jordan campaigned(C) Campaigning for Barbara Jordan(D) Barbara Jordan campaigning7. The values of a people, their customs, and their perceptions of the world ---their language.(A) are influenced(B) be influenced(C) influencing(D) influence8. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event's ---is equal to the probabilitythat it will not occur.(A) occurs(B) will occur(C) can occur(D) occurring9. ---fashioned from a wick floating in a bowl of oil functioned according to the principle ofcapillary action.(A) All lamps early(B) Lamps all early(C) All early lamps(D) Early all lamps10. Annie Jump Cannon, ---discovered so many stars that she was called "the census taker of thesky." (A) a leading astronomer who(B) who, as a leading astronomer,(C) was a leading astronomer(D) a leading astronomer,11. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ---to thebody.(A) the stress it is greater(B) greater is the stress(C) greater stress is(D) the greater the stress12. And ideal is a standard ---people judge real phenomena.(A) how(B) of(C) by which(D) for it13. Maine has ---weather than most of the other states in the continental United States.(A) coolest(B) the coolest(C) cooler(D) the cooler14. Amoebas are ---small to be seen without a microscope.(A) far too(B) far and(C) so far(D) as far as15. Graphite conducts electricity ---does not burn.(A) because(B) if(C) when(D) and16. The methods of spectrum analysis vary according to the wavelength region were studied. A B C D17. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventy-five miles an hour who originateover A B C D tropical ocean waters. 18. A great proportion of the seeds of desert flora they possess germination-inhibiting substances. A B C D19. Window treatment, furniture arrangement and color combine all contribute to the overall A B C impression of a room. D20. Harvesting of grains is affected by annual changes in temperature or in the amount of A B Cmoisture, but both. D21. Due to its excellent tensile strength, acetate rayon is an important material for products so as A B C balloons, parachutes, fire hoses, and webbing. D22. It has not been determined how years sea turtles can live in their natural environment, butthey A Bwill reach a very old age if left undisturbed by humans. C D23. A footnote is characteristically employed to give information that is too long or too detailed A B C Dbe included in the body of a text. 24. Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. A B C D25. In mathematical terms, modern algebra is set of objects with rules for connecting or relating A B C D those objects. 26. Alike most fruit trees, the quince is normally propagated from shoots or cuttings. A B C D27. A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time. A B C D28. In 1981 the fossil jaw of a previously unknown small mammal was found onto a Navaho A B C Dreservation in Arizona. 29. The wild carrot, knew as Queen Anne's lace, gave rise to the cultivated carrot in its A B Cdomesticated form. D30. A statue, a monumental, a building, or a park may be dedicated to commemorate a A B Cdistinguished individual. D31. The Earth's magnetic poles are not stationary, but slowly shift its position. A B C D32. A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world. A B C D33. The elbows are joints that connected people's up arms with their forearms. A B C D34. Ants have an elaborate structure social, and enjoy a longevity far greater than that of most A B C Dinsects. 35. Municipal planners deal chiefly for the physical layout of communities. A B C D36. A musician with multiply talents, Aretha Franklin is able to write songs that are unusually A B C consistent in style and content. D37. Whether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a question of A B C Dphysiology and of culture. 38. One of the most distinction dialects of North American English, Gullah is spoken by many A B Cpeople in the South Carolina area. D39. The novels of John Cheever belongs to a literary tradition that is concerned primarily with A B C D manners. 40. Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state has.A B C DＥＸＥＲＣＩＳＥ ＦＩＶＥ CPassage 1The railroad industry could not have grown as large as it did without steel. Thc first rails were made of iron. But iron rails were not strong enough to support heavy trains running at high speeds. Railroad executives wanted to replace them with steel rails because steel was ten or fifteen times stronger and lasted twenty times longer. Before the 1870's, however. steel was too expensive to be widely used. It was made by a slow and expensive process of heating. stirring. and reheating iron oreThen the inventor Henry Bessemer discovered that directing a blast of air at melted iron in a furnace would burn out the impurities that made the iron brittle As the air shot. through the furnace. the bubbling metal? would erupt in showers of sparks. When the fire cooled. the metal had been changed. or converted. to steel. The Bessemer converter made possible the mass production of steel. Now three to five tons of iron could be changed into steel? in a matter of minutes.Just when the demand for more and more steel developed. prospectors discovered huge new deposits of iron ore in the Mesabi Range, a 120 - mile - long region in Minnesota near Lake Superior. The Mesabi deposits were so near the surface that they could be mined with steam' shovels.Barges and steamers carried the iron ore through Lake Superior to depots or: the southern shores of Lake Michigan and Lake Erie. With dizzying speed Gary. Indiana. and Toledo. Youngstown. and Cleveland. Chic. became major steel - manufacturing centers Pittsburgh was the greatest steel city of all.Steel was the basic building material of the industrial age. Production skyrocketed from seventy - seven thousand tons in 1870 to over eleven million tons in 1900. 1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage( A) The Railroad industry(B) Famous Inventors( C) Changing Iron into Steel(D)' Steel Manufacturing Centers2.According to the passage. the railroad industry try preferred steel to iron because steel was(A) cheaper and more plentiful(B) lighter. and easier to mold(C) cleaner. And easier to mine(D)stronger and more durable 3. According to the passage, how did the Bessemer method make the mass production ofsteel possible? (A) It directed air at melted iron in a furnace. removing all impurities. (B) It slowly heated iron ore.. then stirred itand heated it again.C) It changed iron ore into iron, which was a substitute for steel.( D It could quickly find deposits 6f iron oreunder the ground.4.The furnace that Bessemer used to process iron into steel was called a(A)heater(B)steamer(C)converter(D)shower5.According to the passage. where were large deposits of iron one uncovered?(A)In Pittsburgh(B)In the Mesabi Range(C)Near Lake Michigan(D)Near Lake Erie6.In line 17 the words 'Barges and steamers could best be replaced by which of the following?(A)Trains(B)Planes(C)Boats(D)Trucks7.It can be inferred from the passage that the mass production of steel caused(A)a decline in the railroad industry (B)a revolution in the industrial world (C) an increase in the price of steel(D) a feeling of discontent among steel workPassage 2The origins of the horse go back to eohippus the "dawn horse" of me Eocene only 10 to 20 inches tall. Like its relatives the ancient tapir and rhinoceros, eohippus had four toes on its front feet, three on the rear, and teeth adapted to a forest diet of soft leaves. Bohippus died out about5(1 million years ago in both North America and Europe.Late ancestral horse types moved from their forest niche out onto the grassy plains. Their teeth ac to accommodate to hard siliceous grass. No longer could these protohorses slip away through thick forest when dancer threatened Escape now demanded speed and endurance Limbs crew longer. Extra toes became vestiges that were not visible externally1.The passage mainly discusses the(A) evolution of the horse(B) 5iZC of eohippus(C) animals of the Eocene(D) plight of endangered species2.The author states that eohipous was related to the(A) horsefly(B)tapeworm (C)hippopotamus(D)rhinoceros3.What did the eohippus eat? (A) Rhinoceros meat (B) Soft leaves (C) Hard siliceous grass (D) Other horses 2. In what way did predators present less of a threat to eohiopus than to later proto horses. (A) Eohippus was hidden by the forest.(B)Eohippus could run farther.(C)Eohiopus was not edible.(D) Eohipous was larger and stronger5.Tne paragraph following the passage most probably discusses(A)other changes that the rhinoceros has undergone(B)more reasons for the extinction of eohiopus(C)further development of early horse types.(D)the diet of eohippus.Passage 3In terrestrial affairs we think of "big" as being complicated; a city is more intricate than a village. an ocean more complicated than a puddle. For the universe. the reverse seems to be the case bigger is simpler Galaxies have some puzzling features. but on the whole. they are scarcely more complicated than the stars that compose them Beyond the galaxies. in the hierarchy of the cosmos. there are clusters of galaxies; these clusters are loosely bound by the gravity of their largest members and tend to look very much the same in all directions. Simplest of all is the universe at large. it is far less complicated than the Earth, one of its most trivial members. The universe consists of billions of galaxies flying apart as if from an explosion that set it in motion'. it is not lopsided. nor does it rotate. The more thoroughly scientists investigate the universe. the more clearly its simplicity shines through.1. What is the main point made in the passage? (A)The Earth is more complicated than the solar system(B) The universe is filled with puzzling materials.(C) The universe is a relatively simple phenomenon.(D) Galaxy clusters are an illusion.2.Acoording to the passage. clusters of galaxies are(A) indiscernible in the cosmos(B) held together by gravity(C) made up of only one or two galaxies(D) created when stars explode3.According to the passage, which of the fllowing is the most complicated?(A) The Earth(B) A cluster of galaxies(C) The universe(D) A galaxy4. It can be inferred from the passage that future research will support which of thefollowing statements?(A) Scientists in the past have been misled by the apparent simplicity of the universe.(B) The chaos and confusion of the universe will never be understood(C) Findings will confirm the belief that the universe is simple(D) Billions of galaxies are predicted to explode, adding to universal complexity.Passage 4Arid regions in the southwestern United States have become increasingly inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seekers who own vehicles such asmotorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge in hill - climbing contests or in carving new trails in the desert. But recent scientific studies show that these off - road vehicles can cause damage to desert landscapes that has long - range effects on the area' 5 water - conserving characteristics and on the entire ecology, both plant and animal. Research by scientists in the western Mojave Desert in California revealed that the compaction of the sandy arid soilresulting from the passage of just one motorcycle markedly reduced the infiltration ability of the soil and created a stream of rain runoff water that eroded the hillside surface. In addition, the researchers discovered that the soil compaction caused by the off - road vehicles often killed native plant species and resulted in the invasion of different plant species within a few years. The native perennial species required many more years before they showed signs of returning. The scientists calculated that roughly a century would be required for the infiltration capacity of the Mojave soil to be restored after being compacted by vehicles.1. What is the main topic of the passage?(A) Problems caused by recreational vehicles(B) Types of off - road vehicles(C) Plants of the southwestern desert(D) The increasing number of recreation seekers2. According to the passage, what is being damaged?(A) Motorcycles(B) The desert landscape(C) Roads through the desert(D) New plant species3. According to the passage, the damage to plants is(A) unnoticeable(B) superficial(C) long-lasting(D) irreparable4. According to the passage, what happens when the soil is compacted?(A) Little water seeps through (B) Better roads are made(C) Water is conserved (D) Deserts are expanded5. What is happening to the desert hillsides?(A)The topsoil is being eroded(B)The surface is being irrigated(C) There are fewer types of plants growing on them(D)There are fewer streams running through them6.According to the passage, what is happening to native plants in these areas?(A)They are becoming more compact(B)They are adapting(C)They are invading other areas(D)They are dying7.It can be inferred that which of the following people would probably be most alarmed by the scientists' findings?(A)Historians (B)Mapmakers (C)Farmer (D) EcologistsPassage5 Certainly one of the most intelligent and best educated women of her day, MercyOtis Warren produced a variety of poetry and prose. Her farce The Group ( 1776) was the hit of revolutionary Boston. a collection of two plays and poems appeared in 1790,and he three - volume History of the Rise. Progress. and Termination of the American Revolution. Interspersed with Biographical and Moral Observations appeared in 1805 She wrote other farces. as well as anti -Federalist pamphlet. Observations on the New Constitution. and on the Federal and State Conventions(1788) There is no modern edition of her works. but there are two twentieth - century biographies. one facsimile edition of The Group. and a generous discussion of her farces and plays in Arthur Hubson Quinn's A History of the American Drama From the Beginning to the Civil Wa r. Of her non-dramatic poetry. critics rarely speakMercy Otis was born into a prominent'. family in Barnstable. Massachusetts. In 1754, she married James Warren. a Harvard friend of James Otis and John Adams. comes Warren was to become a member of the Massachusetts legislature just before the war and a financial aide to Washington during the war with the rank of major general). The friendship of the Warrens and Adamses was lifelong and close: Abigail Adams was one 0* Mercy Warren's few close friends. Following the war. James Warren reentered politics to oppose the Constitution because he feared that it did not adequately provide for protection of individual rights. Mercy Warren joined her husband in political battle. out the passage of the Bill of flights marked the end of their long period of political agitation.In whatever literary form Warren wrote. she had but one theme-liberty. In her farces and history. it was national and political freedom. In her poems. it was intellectual freedom. In her anti - Federalist pamphlet. it was individual freedom. Throughout all of these works. moreover.runs the thread of freedom (equal treatment) for women. Not militant. she nevertheless urged men to educate their daughters and to treat their wives as equals.1. Which of the following is the main topic of the Passage?(A) Mercy Otis Warren and other poets of the Revolutionary War period(B) The development of Mercy Otis Warren' 5 writing style(C) Mercy Otis Warren' 5 contributions to American literature and society(D) The friends and acquaintances of Mercy Otis Warren2. In what year was Warren's pamphlet about the Constitution written?(A)1776(B) 1788(C)1790(D)18053. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a kind of writing done by Warren?(A) Farces(B) Poetry(C) Plays(D) Advertisements4. The author implies that Mercy Otis Warren felt the Constitution would fail to Protect(A) literary progress(B) political parties(C) the American economy(D) personal freedom5.In line 21 the word "but" could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) only (B) yet (C) still (D) however6.According to the passage. the kind of liberty emphasized in Warren's poems was(A) national (B) intellectual (C) political (D) religious7.In lines 24 - 25, the author refers to Warren as "not militant" to indicate that she (A)remainedpolitically aloof(B)did not continue agitating for a Bill of flights(C)did not campaign aggressively for women's rights(D)did not support military conscription。
TOEFL全真试题（1-2）_托福_
TOEFL全真试题（1-2）READING COMPREHENSIONQuestions 1-9The ocean bottom ------a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of theEarth ---- is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Untilabout a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneathwaters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without light and subjected to intensepressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth s surface, the deep-ocean bottomis a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as the voidof outer space.Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments forover a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did notactually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation s DeepSea Drilling Project (DSDP).Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil andgas industry, the DSDP s drill ship, theGlomar Challenger, was able to maintain asteady position on the ocean s surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samplesof sediments and rock from the ocean floor.The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program thatended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers andtook almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sitesaround the world. The Glomar Challenger s core samples have allowed geologiststo reconstruct what the planet looked like hundred of millions of years ago and tocalculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largelyon the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger s voyages, nearlyall earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift thatexplain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also yieldedinformation critical to understanding the world s past climates. Deep-ocean sedimentsprovide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of millions of years, because theyare largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense chemical and biologicalactivity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. This record hasalready provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic change ---information that may be used to predict future climates.1.The author refers to the ocean bottom as a "frontier" in line2 because it(A)is not a popular area for scientific research(B)contains a wide variety of life forms(C)attracts courageous explorers(D)is an unknown territory2.The word "inaccessible" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A)unrecognizable(B)unreachable(C)unusable(D)unsafe3.The author mentions outer space in line 7 because(A)the Earth s climate millions of years ago was similar to conditions in outer space.(B)it is similar to the ocean floor in being alien to the human environment(C)rock formations in outer space are similar to those found on the ocean floor(D)techniques used by scientists to explore outer space were similar to those used in oceanexploration4. Which of the following is true of the Glomar Challenger?(A) It is a type of submarine.(B) It is an ongoing project.(C) It has gone on over 100 voyages(D) It made its first DSDP voyage in 19685. The word " extracting " in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) breaking(B) locating(C) removing(D) analyzing6. The deep Sea Drilling Project was significant because it was(A) an attempt to find new sources of oil and gas(B) the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom(C) composed of geologists form all over the world(D) funded entirely by the gas and oil industry7. The word " strength " in line21 is closest in meaning to(A)basis(B)purpose(C)discovery(D)endurance8.The word " they " in line26 refers to(A)years(B)climates(C)sediments(D)cores9.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a result of the Deep SeaDrilling Project?(A) Geologists were able to determine the Earth s appearance hundreds of millions of years ago.(B) Two geological theories became more widely accepted(C) Information was revealed about the Earth s past climatic changes.(D) Geologists observed forms of marine life never before seen.。
托福考试全真试题集
托福考试全真试题集托福考试是一项全球性的英语语言水平考试，旨在评估考生的英语听、说、读、写等技能，其考试题型和难度均属于较为综合、细致和高难度。
而要想在托福考试中取得较好的成绩，除了需要良好的英语基础和学习方法，也需要实战经验和足够的练习。
在这里，我们来为大家精选几道托福考试全真试题并提供一些参考内容，帮助大家了解托福考试的题型和难度，以及如何答题。
一、听力题型听力是托福考试中的第一大题目，也是大多数考生比较担心的题目。
听力题型包括多选题、填空题、判断题和笔记题等。
在听力考试中建议考生注意以下几点：1.提前预览题目，了解考点2.紧跟听力进度，不作预测性答案3.记录笔记，把握关键信息4.尽量避免错过细节信息下面是一道典型的听力取笔记的题目：【听力原文】如果你想购买一本书或者一件衣服，但是这些商品的价格对你来说有点贵，你可以在与折扣商品有关的店里找到很多你所需要的商品。
这些店有时出售一些有点老了，或者已经有更好的型号推出的商品。
但是，它们也提供了品质上乘的东西，因为许多人不愿意花钱购买旧商品。
你可以在这类店里找到不错的商品，而且价格也非常便宜。
Now, think about what you heard. Listen to a short conversation and answer the question below.What is the speaker's opinion of discount stores?【参考答案】The speaker thinks that discount stores have good quality things that are sometimes old or out of date, but they are still useful. Many people don't want to buy old things, so these stores have lower prices.。
2000年1月托福考试全真试题(一)
2000 年1 月托福考试全真试题（一）Section One: Listening Comprehension1.(A) Spend more time working on calculus problems.(B) Talk to an advisor about dropping the course.(C) Work on the assignment with a classmate.(D) Ask the graduate assistant for help.2.(A) Go home to get a book.(B) Return a book to the library.(C) Pick up a book at the library for the woman.(D) Ask the librarian for help in finding a book.3.(A) The woman could use his metric ruler.(B) He'll finish taking the measurements for the woman.(C) The woman's ruler is better than his.(D) He's faster at making the conversions than the woman. (A) She wants the man to attend the tournament with her. 4.(B) The tournament begins next week.(C) The man should check with his doctor again(D) She hopes the man will be able to play in the tournament.5.(A) The advisor has already approved the man's class schedule.(B) The man should make an appointment to see his advisor.(C) The man should change his course schedule.(D) The man should sign the document before leaving.6.(A) She didn't teach class today.(B) She noticed that the students didn't do their homework.(C) She usually assigns homework.(D) She usually talks quietly.7.(A) It started to rain when she was at the beach.(B) She'd like the man to go to the beach with her.(C) The forecast calls for more rain tomorrow.(D) She won't go to the beach tomorrow if it rains.8.(A) She disagrees with the man.(B) She doesn't enjoy long speeches.(C) She hadn't known how long the speech would be.(D) She doesn't have a strong opinion about the speaker9.(A) He makes more money than the woman.(B) He's satisfied with his job.(C) He had trouble finding a job.(D) He doesn't like working outdoors.10.(A) He has already finished his report.(B) He hasn't chosen a topic for his report.(C) The woman's report is already long enough.(D) The woman will have time to finish her report11.(A) She'll speak to Larry about the problem.(B) Larry has apologized to his roommate.(C) Larry should find a new roommate.(D) Larry's roommate may be partly responsible for the problem.12.(A) The man should take his vacation somewhere else.(B) She doesn't know when her semester ends.(C) She hasn't called the travel agent yet(D) The man may have to reschedule his trip.13.(A) She didn't work hard enough on it(B) It'wasn't as good as she thought(C) Her professor was pleased with it.(D) It was written according to the professor's guidelines.14.(A) Go to the ballet later in the year.(B) Take ballet lessons with his sister.(C) Get a schedule of future performances.(D) Get a ticket from his sister.15.(A) Her hotel is located far from the conference center(B) She didn't want to stay at the Gordon.(C) The man should consider moving to a different hotel.(D) She isn't sure how to get to the conference center.16.(A) Few readers agreed with his ideas.(B) Very few people have read his article.(C) He doesn't expect the article to be published.(D) The woman doesn't fully understand the article,17.(A) He'll go with the woman to the next hockey game.(B) He missed the hockey game because he was ill.(C) He forgot about the hockey game.(D) He doesn't like to go to hockey games.18.(A) Karen can drive to the airport on Tuesday.(B) Karen can attend the meeting on Tuesday.(C) Karen had to change her plans at the last minute.(D) Karen is returning from a trip on Tuesday.19.(A) Call her after five.(B) Make calls from her phone.(C) Go to the meeting with her.(D) Fix her phone.20.(A) Look for more information for their financial plan.(B) Ask for more time to finish their financial plan.(C) Finish their financial plan with the material available to them.(D) Turn in their financial plan late.21.(A) He doesn't want to drive anymore.(B) The road to Bridgeport just opened.(C) It doesn't take long to get to Bridgeport.(D) He has memorized every part of the drive.22.(A) She doesn't have time to work in a garden.(B) She'll consider the man's invitation.(C) She doesn't want to join a gardening club.(D) She was never formally invited to join a gardening club.23.(A) She's enjoying the music.(B) The music will keep her awake.(C) The music doesn't bother her .(D) She would prefer a different style of music.24.(A) His house can accommodate a meeting of the entire committee.(B) The woman should find out when themeeting starts.(C) The meeting should be held at the library.(D) A smaller committee should be formed.25.(A) She doesn't have time to collect the data.(B) She prefers to wait until after the election.(C) She needs to decide on a method soon.(D) She'll send out the questionnaire in a month.精品文档资料，适用于企业管理从业者，供大家参考，提高大家的办公效率。
1997年5月托福阅读全真试题
1997年5月托福阅读全真试题1997年5月托福阅读全真试题1997年5月托福阅读全真试题question 1-8with robert laurent and william zorach, direct carvingenters into the story of modern sculpture in the united states.direct carving - in which the sculptors themselves carve stoneor wood with mallet and chisel - must be recognized as some-thing more than just a technique. implicit in it is an aestheticprinciple as well: that the medium has certain qualities of beautyand expressiveness with which sculptors must bring their own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony. for example, some-times the shape or veining in a piece of stone or wood suggests,perhaps even dictates, not only the ultimate form, buteven the subject matter.the technique of direct carving was a break with the nineteenth-century tradition in which the making of a clay modelwas considered the creative act and the work was then turnedover to studio assistants to be cast in plaster or bronze or carvedin marble. neoclassical sculptors seldom held a mallet or chiselin their own hands, readily conceding that the assistants theyemployed were far better than they were at carving the finishedmarble.with the turn-of-the-century crafts movement and thediscovery of nontraditional sources of inspiration, such as wooden african figures and masks, there arose a new urge forhands-on, personal execution of art and an interactionwith themedium. even as early as the 1880's and 1890's, nonconformisteuropean artists were attempting direct carving. bythe second decade of the twentieth century, americans - laurent and zorach most notably - had adopted it as their primarymeans of working.born in france, robert laurent(1890-1970) was a prodigywho received his education in the united states. in 1905he was sent to paris as an apprentice to an art dealer, and inthe years that followed he witnessed the birth of cubism, discovered primitive art, and learned the techniques of wood-carving from a frame maker.back in new york city by 1910, laurent began carvingpieces such as the priestess, which reveals his fascination withafrican, pre-columbian, and south pacific art. taking awalnutplank, the sculptor carved the expressive, stylized design.it is one of the earliest examples of direct carving in americansculpture. the plank's form dictated the rigidly frontal view and the low relief. even its irregular shape must have appealedto laurent as a break with a long-standing tradition thatrequired a sculptor to work within a perfect rectangle or square.1. the word "medium" in line 5 could be used to refer to(a) stone or wood(b) mallet and chisel(c) technique(d) principle2. what is one of the fundamental principles of direct carving?(a) a sculptor must work with talented assistants.(b) the subject of a sculpture should be derived from classical stories.(c) the material is an important element in a sculpture.(d) designing a sculpture is a more creative activity than carving it.(3) the word "dictates" in line 8 is closest in meaning to(a) reads aloud(b) determines(c) includes(d) records4. how does direct carving differ from the nineteenth-century tradition of sculpture?(a) sculptors are personally involved in the carving of a piece.(b) sculptors find their inspiration in neoclassical sources.(c) sculptors have replaced the mallet and chisel with other tools.(d) sculptors receive more formal training.5. the word "witnessed" in line 23 is closest in meaning to(a) influenced(b) studied(c) validated(d) observed6. where did robert laurent learn to carve?(a) new york(b) africa(c) the south pacific(d) paris.7. the phrase "a break with" in line 30 is closest in meaning to(a) a destruction of(b) a departure from(c) a collapse of(d) a solution to8. the piece titled the priestess has all of the following characteristics except:(a) the design is stylized.(b) it is made of marble.(c) the carving is not deep.(d) it depicts the front of a person.question 9-19birds that feed in flocks commonly retire together intoroosts. the reasons for roosting communally are not alwaysobvious, but there are some likely benefits. in winter especially,it is important for birds to keep warm at night and conserveprecious food reserves. one way to do this is to find asheltered roost. solitary roosters shelter in dense vegetation orenter a cavity - horned larks dig holes in the ground andptarmigan burrow into snow banks - but the effect of shelteringis magnified by several birds huddling together in theroosts, as wrens, swifts, brown creepers, bluebirds, and anisdo. body contact reduces the surface area exposed to the coldair, so the birds keep each other warm. two kinglets huddlingtogether were found to reduce their heat losses by a quarterand three together saved a third of their heat.the second possible benefit of communal roosts is thatthey act as "information centers." during the day, parties ofbirds will have spread out to forage over a very large area.when they return in the evening some will have fed well, butothers may have found little to eat. some investigators haveobserved that when the birds set out again next morning,those birds that did not feed well on the previous day appear tofollow those that did. the behavior of common and lesser kestrels may illustrate different feeding behaviors of similarbirds with different roosting habits. the common kestrelhunts vertebrate animals in a small, familiar hunting ground,whereas the very similar lesser kestrel feeds on insects overalarge area. the common kestrel roosts and hunts alone, butthe lesser kestrel roosts and hunts in flocks, possibly so onebird can learn from others where to find insect swarms.finally, there is safety in numbers at communal roostssince there will always be a few birds awake at any given moment to give the alarm. but this increased protection is partiallycounteracted by the fact that mass roosts attract predators andare especially vulnerable if they are on the ground. even thosein trees can be attacked by birds of prey. the birds on the edge are at greatest risk since predators find it easier to catchsmall birds perching at the margins of the roost.9. what does the passage mainly discuss?(a) how birds find and store food.(b) how birds maintain body heat in the winter.(c) why birds need to establish territory.(d) why some species of birds nest together.10. the word "conserve" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(a) retain(b) watch(c) locate(d) share11. ptarmigan keep warm in the winter by(a) huddling together on the ground with other birds.(b) building nests in trees.(c) burrowing into dense patches of vegetation(d) digging tunnels into the snow.12. the word "magnified" in line 6 is closest in meaning to(a) caused(b) modified(c) intensified(d) combined13. the author mentions kinglets in line 9 as an example of birds that(a) protect themselves by nesting in holes.(b) nest with other species of birds(c) nest together for warmth(d) usually feed and nest in pairs.14. the word "forage" in line 12 is closest in meaning to(a) fly(b) assemble(c) feed(d) rest15. which of the following statements about lesser and common kestrels is true?(a) the lesser kestrel and the common kestrel have similar diets.(b) the lesser kestrel feeds sociably but the common kestrel does not.(c) the common kestrel nests in larger flocks than does the lesser kestrel.(d) the common kestrel nests in trees, the lesser kestrel nests on the ground.16. the word "counteracted" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(a) suggested(b) negated(c) measured(d) shielded17. which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as an advantage derived by birds that huddle together while sleeping?(a) some members of the flock warm others of impending dangers.(b) staying together provides a greater amount of heat for the whole flock.(c) some birds in the flock function as information centers for others who are looking for food.(d) several members of the flock care for the young.18. which of the following is a disadvantage of communal roosts that is mentioned in the passage?(a) diseases easily spread among the birds.(b) groups are more attractive to predators than individualbirds.(c) food supplies are quickly depleted(d) some birds in the group will attack the others.19.the word "they" in line 25 refers to(a) a few birds(b) mass roosts(c) predators(d) trees.question 20-30before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the united states ate most foods only in season. drying, smoking, and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availabilityof fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited;there was no way to prevent spoilage. but in 1810 a french inventor named nicolas appert developed the cooking-and-sealingprocess of canning. and in the 1850's an americannamed gail borden developed a means of condensing andpreservingmilk. canned goods and condensed milk became morecommon during the 1860's, but supplies remained low becausecans had to be made by hand. by 1880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines that mass-producedcans from tinplate. suddenly all kinds of food could bepreserved and bought at all times of the year.other trends and inventions had also helped make it possiblefor americans to vary their daily diets. growing urbanpopulations created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetablefarmers to raise more produce. railroad refrigerator carsenabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables greatdistances and to preserve them for longer periods. thus, by the1890's, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern andwestern strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previouslyavailablefor a month at most, for up to six months of the year. inaddition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to storeperishables. an easy means of producing ice commercially hadbeen invented i the 1870's, and by 1900 the nation hadmore than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of whichmade home deliveries. the icebox became a fixture in mosthomes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920's and 1930's.almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. somepeople continued to eat mainly foods that were heavy in starchesor carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford meat. never-theless, many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achievemore varied fare.20.what does the passage mainly discuss?(a) causes of food spoilage.(b) commercial production of ice(c) inventions that led to changes in the american diet.(d) population movements in the nineteenth century.21.the phrase "in season" in line 2 refers to(a) a kind of weather(b) a particular time of year(c) an official schedule(d) a method of flavoring food.22.the word "prevent" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(a) estimate(b) avoid(c) correct(d) confine23.during the 1860's, canned food products were(a) unavailable in rural areas(b) shipped in refrigerator cars(c) available in limited quantities.(d) a staple part of the american diet.24.it can be inferred that railroad refrigerator cars came into use(a) before 1860(b) before 1890(c) after 1900(d) after 192025.the word "them" in line 14 refers to(a) refrigerator cars(b) perishables(c) growers(d) distances26.the word "fixture" in line 20 is closest in meaning to(a) luxury item(b) substance(c) commonplace object(d) mechanical device27.the author implies that in the 1920's and 1930's home deliveries of ice(a) decreased in number(b) were on an irregular schedule(c) increased in cost(d) occurred only in the summer.28.the word "nevertheless" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(a) therefore(b) because(c) occasionally(d) however29.which of the following types of food preservation was not mentioned in the passage?(a) drying(b) canning(c) cold storage(d) chemical additives.30.which of the following statements is supported by the passage?(a) tin cans and iceboxes helped to make many foods more widely available.(b) commercial ice factories were developed by railroad owners(c) most farmers in the united states raised only fruits and vegetables.(d) people who lived in cities demanded home delivery of foods.question 31-38the ability of falling cats to right themselves in midairand land on their feet has been a source of wonder for ages.biologists long regarded it as an example of adaptation by natural selection, but for physicists it bordered on the miraculous.newton's laws of motion assume that the total amount of spinof a body cannot change unless an external torque speeds it upor slows it down. if a cat has no spin when it is released andexperiences no external torque, it ought not to be able to twistaround as it falls.in the speed of its execution, the righting of a tumblingcat resembles a magician's trick. the gyrations of the cat in midair are too fast for the human eye to follow, so the processis obscured. either the eye must be speeded up, or thefall slowed down for the phenomenon to be observed. a centuryago the former was accomplished by means of high-speedphotography using equipment now available in any pharmacy.but in the nineteenth century the capture on film of a fallingcat constituted a scientific experiment.the experiment was described in a paper presented to the paris academy in 1894. two sequences of twenty photographseach, one from the side and one from behind, show awhite cat in the act of righting itself. grainy and quaintthough they are, the photos show that the cat was droppedupside down, with no initial spin, and still landed on its feetcareful analysis of the photos reveals the secret. as the cat rotates the front of its body clockwise, the rear and tailcounterclockwise, so that the total spin remains zero, in perfectaccord with newton's laws. halfway down, the catpulls in its legs before reversing its twist and then extends them again, with the desired end result. the explanation wasthat while no body can acquire spin without torque, a flexibleone can readily change its orientation, or phase. cats know this instinctively, but scientists could not be sure how ithappened until they increased the speed of their perceptions athousandfold.31.what does the passage mainly discuss?(a) the explanation of an interesting phenomenon(b) miracles in modern science(c) procedures in scientific investigation(d) the differences between biology and physics.32.the word "process" in line 10 refers to(a) the righting of a tumbling cat(b) the cat's fall slowed down(c) high-speed photography(d) a scientific experiment33.why are the photographs mentioned in line 16 referred to as an "experiment"?(a) the photographs were not very clear.(b) the purpose of the photographs was to explain the process.(c) the photographer used inferior equipment(d) the photographer thought the cat might be injured.34.which of the following can be inferred about high-speed photography in the late 1800's?(a) it was a relatively new technology.(b) the necessary equipment was easy to obtain.(c) the resulting photographs are difficult to interpret.(d) it was not fast enough to provide new information.35.the word "rotates" in line 19 is closest in meaning to(a) drops(b) turns(c) controls(d) touches36.according to the passage, a cat is able to right itself in midair because it is(a) frightened(b) small(c) intelligent(d) flexible37.the word "readily" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(a) only(b) easily(c) slowly(d) certainly38.how did scientists increase "the speed of their perceptions a thousandfold" (lines 25-26)?(a) by analyzing photographs(b) by observing a white cat in a dark room(c) by dropping a cat from a greater height.(d) by studying newton's laws of motion.question 39-50the changing profile of a city in the united states is apparentin the shifting definitions used by the united states bureau of the census. in 1870 the census officially distinguished the nation's "urban" from its "rural" population for the first time. "urban population" was defined as persons living in towns of 8,000 inhabitants or more. but after 1900 it meantpersons living in incorporated places having 2,500 or moreinhabitants.then, in 1950 the census bureau radically changed itsdefinition of "urban" to take account of the new vagueness ofcity boundaries. in addition to persons living in incorporatedunits of 2,500 or more, the census now included those wholived in unincorporated units of that size, and also all personsliving in the densely settled urban fringe, including both incor-porated and unincorporated areas located around cities of 50,000 inhabitants or more. each such unit, conceived as anintegrated economic and social unit with a large populationnucleus, was named a standard metropolitan statistical area(smsa).each smsa would contain at least (a) one central citywith 50,000 inhabitants or more or (b) two cities havingshared boundaries and constituting, for general economic andsocial purposes, a single community with a combined populationof at least 50,000, the smaller of which must have a populationof at least 15,000. such an area included the county inwhich the central city is located, and adjacent counties that arefound to be metropolitan in character and economically andsocially integrated with the country of the central city. by 1970,about two-thirds of the population of the united states wasliving in these urbanized areas, and of that figure more thanhalf were living outside the central cities.while the census bureau and the united states governmentused the term smsa (by 1969 there were 233 of them),social scientists were also using new terms to describethe elusive, vaguely defined areas reaching out from what usedto be simple "town" and "cities". a host of terms came into use: "metropolitan regions", "polynucleated populationgroups", "conurbations", "metropolitan clusters","megalopolises", and so on.39.what does the passage mainly discuss?(a) how cities in the united states began and developed(b) solutions to overcrowding in cities(c) the changing definition of an urban area(d) how the united states census bureau conducts a census40.according to the passage, the population of the united states was first classified as rural or urban in(a) 1870(b) 1900(c) 1950(d) 197041.the word "distinguished" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(a) differentiated(b) removed(c) honored(d) protected42.prior to 1900, how many inhabitants would a town have to have before being defines as urban?(a) 2,500(b) 8,000(c) 15,000(d) 50,00043.according to the passage, why did the census bureau revise the definition of urban in 1950?(a) city borders had become less distinct.(b) cities had undergone radical social change(c) elected officials could not agree on an acceptable definition.(d) new businesses had relocated to larger cities.44.the word "those" in line 9 refers to(a) boundaries(b) persons(c) units(d) areas45.the word "constituting" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(a) located near(b) determine by(c) calling for(d) marking up46.the word "which" in line 18 refers to a smaller(a) population(b) city(c) character(d) figure47.which of the following is not true of an smsa?(a) it has a population of at least 50,000(b) it can include a city's outlying regions(c) it can include unincorporated regions(d) it consists of at least two cities.48.by 1970, what proportion of the population in the united states did not live in an smsa?(a) 3/4(b) 2/3(c) 1/2(d) 1/349.the census bureau first used the term "smsa" in(a) 1900(b) 1950(c) 1969(d) 197050.where in the passage does the author mention names used by social scientists for an urban area?(a) lines 4-5(b) lines 7-8(c) lines 21-23(d) lines 27-29.1997年5月托福阅读全真试题相关内容:。
TOEFL(托福)全真测试题
TOEFL（托福）全真测试题structure and written expression1 according to the third law of thermodynamics, _______ possible is -273.16 degrees centigrade.(a) that temperature is lowest(b) the temperature is lowest(c) lowest temperature(d) the lowest temperature2 after the first world war, the author anais nin became interested in the art movement known as surrealism and in psychoanalysis, both _____her novels and short stories.(a) in which the influence(b) of which influenced(c) to have influence(d) its influence in3 muskrats generally_______ close to the edge of a bog, where their favorite plant foods grow plentifully.(a) staying(b) they are staying(c) stay(d) to stay there4 oliver elisworth,_____ of the united states supreme court, was the author of the bill thatestablished the federal court system.(a) he was the third chief justice(b) the third chief justice was(c) who the third chief justice(d) the third chief justice5 _______colonial period the great majority of connecticut’s settlers came from england.(a) since(b) the time(c) during the(d) it was6 a politician can make a legislative proposal more _____by giving specific examples of what itseffect will be.(a) to understanding(b) understandably(c) understandable(d) when understood7 playing the trumpet with dazzling originality,_____dominated jazz for 20 years.(a) louis armstrong(b) the influence of louis armstrong(c) the music of louis armstrong(d) louis armst rong’s talent8 before every presidential election in the united states, the statisticians try to guess the proportion of the population that _____for each candidate.(a) are voted(b) voting(c) to be voted(d) will vote9 ______at a river ford on the donner pass route to california, the city of reno grew as bridges and railroads were built.(a) settle(b) to settle(c) it was settling(d) having been settled友情提示：部分文档来自网络整理，供您参考！文档可复制、编制，期待您的好评与关注！。
2022年托福考试全真试题测试(2)
2022年托福考试全真试题测试(2)6. In his research at Columbia University, Charles Townes worked with all of the following EXCEPT (A) stimulated emission(B) microwaves(C) light amplification(D) a maser7.In approximately what year was the first maser built?(A) 1917(B) 1951(C) 1953(D) 19578. The word "emerged" in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) increased(B) concluded(C) succeeded(D) appeared9. The word "outlining" in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) assigning(B) studying(C) checking(D) summarizing10. Why do people still argue about who deserves the credit for the concept of the laser?(A) The researchers’ notebooks were lost.(B) Several people were developing the idea at the same time.(C) No one claimed credit for the development until recently.(D) The work is still incomplete.Question 11——21Panel painting, common in thirteenth -and fourteenth -century Europe , involved apainstaking , laborious process. Wooden planks were joined, covered with gesso toprepare the surface for painting , and then polished smooth with special tools. On thisperfect surface, the artist would sketch a composition with chalk, refine it with inks,and then begin the deliberate process of applying thin layers of egg tempera paint (eggyolk in which pigments are suspended) with small brushes. The successive layering ofthese meticulously applied paints produced the final, translucent colors.Backgrounds of gold were made by carefully applying sheets of gold leaf, and thenembellishing of decorating the gold leaf by punchingit with a metal rod on which apattern had been embossed. Every step in the process was slow and deliberate . Thequick-drying tempera demanded that the artist know exactly where each stroke beplaced before the brush met the panel, and it required the use of fine brushes. It was,therefore , an ideal technique for emphasizing the hard linear edges and pure, fine areasof color that were so much a part of the overall aesthetic of the time. The notion that anartist could or would dash off an idea in a fit of spontaneous inspiration wascompletely alien to these deliberately produced works.Furthermore, making these paintings was so time-consuming that it demandedassistance. All such work was done by collective enterprisein the workshops. Thepainter or master who is credited with having created painting may have designedthe work and overseen its production, but it is highly unlikely that the artist’s handapplied every stroke of the brush. More likely, numerous assistants, who had beentrained to imitate the artist’s style, applied the paint. The carpenter’s shop probablyprovided the frame and perhaps supplied the panel, and yet another shop supplied thegold. Thus, not only many hands , but also many shops were involved in the finalproduct.In spite of problems with their condition, restoration, and preservation many panelpaintings have survived, and today many of them are housed in museum collections.。
托福考试全真测试题
托福考试全真测试题托福考试全真测试题Crows are notoriously poor and aggravating subjects for field research。
Keen observers and quick learners， they are astute about the intentions of other creatures， including researchers， and adept at avoiding them。
Because they are so numerous，active， and monochromatic， it is difficult to distinguish one crow from another。
Bands， radio transmitters，orother identifying devices can be attached to them ， but this of course requires catching live crows， who are among the wariest and most untrappable of birds。
Technical difficulties aside ， crow research is daunting because the ways of thesebirds are so plex and various。
As preeminent is generalists， members of this species ingeniously exploit a great range of habitats and resources， and they can quickly adjust to changes in theircircumstances。
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89-8 ８９年８月ＴＯＥＦＬ听力 A1£® (A) She never hears her alarm clock ringing.(B) Her alarm clock doesn't ring when it should.(C) She doesn't know where her alarm clock is .(D) She always sleeps until the alarm clock wakes her. 2£® (A) They said they're going by taxi. (B) Their clothes are in terrible condition.(C) In certain states clothes are subject to tax.(D) There are some clothes hanging on the racks. 3£® (A) She didn't often go out in the rain. (B) She learned a great deal from the program.(C) She understood only a little about the program.(D) She stopped running to the train. 4£® (A) He never comes here in the fall. (B) He'll probably arrive soon.(C) He couldn't hear it this time.(D) He doesn't have time to call. 5£® (A) Karen can afford to go to college. (B) Karen got only one scholarship.(C) Without a scholarship, Karen couldn't go to college.(D) If Karen can afford to go, she won't get a scholarship. 6£® (A) He will apply soon for his first passport. (B) He has to apply again for a passport.(C) He knew he had to pick up his passport.(D) He didn't need his passport until now. 7£® (A) I was actually on time. (B) I was ten minutes late.(C) I wasn't late because I ran all the way.(D) I walked for ten minutes. 8£® (A) Jerry knew all the answers. (B) It was easy to answer Jerry's questions.(C) Jerry had difficulty with the test.(D) Everyone came for the test except Jerry. 9£® (A) It would be better not to take the course. (B) This term would be a good time to take the course.(C) I don't think you can get out of taking that course.(D) I didn't say a word about your taking that course. 10. (A) I didn't think the keys were in the shop.(B) That shop has fair prices.(C) The shopkeeper expects customers to be honest.(D) I don't think that shopkeeper is trustworthy.11. (A) A fee is charged for reserved books returned even an hour late.(B) This is a fine day to spend an hour in the library.(C) The reserve section of the library is due to close in one hour.(D) Our library has a reserve section of fine books.12. (A) Leslie will get credit for graduating early.(B) Leslie has a heavier course load than usual this term.(C) Leslie is taking a minimal number of credits this term.(D) Leslie must pay the rent on her apartment before she graduates.13. (A) You shouldn't be that busy now.(B) You've had a lot to0 do recently.(C) How long do you expect to be so busy?(D) How have you been doing recently?14. (A) I wasn't asking for the catalog.(B) The catalogs have been poorly copied.(C) I wouldn't give away my copy of the catalog.(D) No one gave me a catalog.15. (A) Susan told Mike about the new policy.(B) Mike talked to Susan regarding the new policy.(C) Mike and Susan questioned the school about the policy.(D) Mike and Susan gathered information about the school's policy.16. (A) What do you think provoked the President?(B) The President was thinking aloud.(C) Don't you think the speech was stimulating?(D) The speech angered the press.17. (A) We became friends quickly.(B) We have been friends for a long while.(C) We have to leave pretty soon.(D) We knew none of the others.18. (A) She hasn't started the work yet.(B) She didn't want the work to be finished.(C) She hasn't worked since the project started.(D) She didn't want to start all over again.19. (A) The professor introduced the students to each other.(B) The two students were presented to the class.(C) The students met the professor.(D) The professor was introduced by a colleague.20. (A) I needed exactly that thing.(B) I got the thing at last.(C) I certainly didn't need that.(D) That thing won't last.21. (A) Who called.(B) What Margaret said.(C) Who Margaret is.(D) When the message was taken.22. (A) He'll only give her part of his notes.(B) He doesn't know anything about economics.(C) He's not taking an economics class.(D) He's happy to lend her his notes.23. (A) She received two job offers.(B) She also was offered a job.(C) She was the first to receive an offer.(D) She received too many offers.24. (A) They'll have to get some more paint.(B) They should get someone to help them.(C) They shouldn't delay any longer.(D) They don't have to paint the room again.25. (A) Leave for home.(B) Check the language lab.(C) Buy new locks.(D) Show the man where the lab is.26. (A) In a doctor's office.(B) In an operating room.(C) In a professor's office.(D) In a gymnasium.27. (A) She wanted to exhibit her crafts.(B) She'd rather go somewhere else.(C) She saw the exhibition months ago.(D) she's sorry to have missed the exhibit.28. (A) There's no more work for anyone to do.(B) No one is willing to work with them.(C) The woman knows several people on the committee.(D) The woman should be on the committee herself.29. (A) Watch television.(B) Go for a swim.(C) Make better use of time.(D) Follow the official procedure.30. (A) He'd rather not go to the lecture.(B) He doesn't mind if the woman goes to the lecture.(C) He wants to hear the lecture.(D) He's heard the lecture before.31. (A) Pay several bills.(B) Phone the electric company.(C) Pay less rent.(D) Make fewer telephone calls.32. (A) Wait and take the class next year.(B) Become a musician.(C) Give his presentation without a plan.(D) Discuss the presentation with the professor.33. (A) He's sure the new chef is better.(B) he wonders whether the new chef is an improvement.(C) He hopes the new chef will stay longer than the old one did.(D) He's going to see the new chef tonight.34. (A) Katie doesn't often dance.(B) Katie isn't the person dancing.(C) Katie does indeed dance well.(D) Katie dances better than her friend.35. (A) They would see better from a different row.(B) It isn't hard to see from his seat.(C) He would rather not move from his place.(D) He'll switch places with the woman.36. (A) Energy conservation.(B) Transportation of the future.(C) Strip cities.(D) Advantages of air transportation over railroads.37. (A) A lack of available flights.(B) Long delays at the airport.(C) Boredom on long flights/(D) Long trips to and from airports.38. (A) On short trips.(B) On long trips.(C) When flying over cities.(D) When flying at high altitudes.39. (A) It uses nuclear energy.(B) It rests on a cushion of pressurized air.(C) It flies over magnetically activated tracks.(D) it uses a device similar with engine.40. (A) It is more comfortable than a conventional train.(B) It doesn't require very much track maintenance.(C) It doesn't remain in any station very long.(D) it carries more passengers than a conventional train.41. (A) They are subject to fires.(B) They become less fuel-efficient.(C) They produce too much noise.(D) They have trouble staying on the tracks.42. (A) They don't get rid of flabby arms.(B) They can damage arm muscles.(C) They aren't acceptable to most people.(D) They can raise one's blood pressure.43. (A) By talking to an expert.(B) By reading an article.(C) By attending an exercise class.(D) By listening to the radio.44. (A) Exercising the entire body.(B) Having your blood pressure taken daily.(C) Losing weight prior to exercising.(D) Weighing in before each exercise session.45. (A) Wearing arm weights while you are swimming.(B) Jogging vigorously in one place for a long time.(C) Using bicycles that require you to use both your arms and legs.(D) Walking slowly while swinging your arms back and forth.46. (A) A restaurant host.(B) A tour guide.(C) A history teacher.(D) A park attendant.47. (A) A small restaurant.(B) A revolutionary army.(C) A famous commander.(D) A historic tree.48. (A) It was the oldest one in the park.(B) It was less than a hundred years old.(C) It was much younger than people had thought.(D) It was impossible to determine.49. (A) George Washington was an extremely tall man.(B) Most trees in parks are destroyed by insects.(C) Historical stories are sometimes inaccurate.(D) The Continental Army celebrated a victory in Cambridge.50. (A) Drive around the park.(B) Eat lunch.(C) Plant a small tree.(D) Go to the next city.ＥＸＥＲＣＩＳＥ ＴＨＲＥＥ B1. The Cubists were concerned with how__________a given subject from different points ofview simultaneously.(A) represented(B) do the represent(C) to represent(D) representing2. Sometimes__________to place physics and chemistry into separate categories.(A) difficult(B) is difficult(C) it is difficult(D) that it is difficult3. Martha Graham, __________, has run her own dance company for half a century.(A) is the great modern choreographer(B) one of the great modern choreographers(C) that the great modern choreographers(D) the modern choreographers were great4. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, __________communicatethrough facial expressions and by making noises.(A) however(B) they(C) furthermore(D) who5. The seating of musicians in an orchestra is arranged __________to produce the desired blendof sounds from the various musical sections .(A) the conductor of(B) from the conductor(C) the conductor and(D) by the conductor6. The worldwide race to develop an affordable synthetic fuel has so far consumed billions ofdollars and __________ few results.(A) yielded(B) yielding(C) yield ha(D) has a yield of7. Experiments in the photography of moving objects __________ in both the United States andEurope well before 1900.(A) have been conducting(B) were conducting(C) had been conducted(D) being conducted8. The University of Georgia, __________ in 1785, was the first state supported university in theUnited States.(A) chartered(B) was chartered(C) it was chartered(D) to be chartered9. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once __________cacti and sagebrush could live.(A) nor(B) not the(C) none other(D) nothing but10. __________, in the late 1800's, some libraries had to keep as many as twenty to thirty copiesof each of Mary Jane Holmes's books on hand.(A) Inventories showing(B) That show inventories(C) Inventories show that(D) Showing the inventories11. The scholarly interest in perception stems largely from questions about the sources andvalidity of what __________.(A) it is known as human knowledge(B) is known as human knowledge(C) known human knowledge(D) is human knowledge known12. Because of the Aleuts' constant exposure to cold weather, they have long recognized__________ .(A) and body needs to be fat(B) body needs the fat(C) how fat the body needs(D) the body's need for fat13. Almost all economists agree __________ by trading with one another.(A) nations that are gained(B) nations they gain(C) gaining nations(D) that nations gain14. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for __________ with which toregulate them.(A) more accurate than sundials(B) more accurate sundials(C) sundials more accurately(D) more accurately than sundials15. Anthropology is a science __________anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods andtechniques to document observations that can be checked by others.(A) in that(B) that in(C) that(D) in16.A liquid is similar to a gas because has molecules are not fixed to each other in any specificA B Cway.D17.The Conestoga wagon, used for to carry heavy loads over long distances, originated aroundA B C1725 in a region of Pennsylvania occupied by the Conestoga Indians.D18.Providence, Rhode Island, is a busy manufacturing city and seaport, as well the state capital.A B C D19.The young of most bird species are totally dependence on parental care after hatching.A B C D20.During most of this century, A. Philip Randolph struggled for Black rights in the United StatesA Band becomes an important figure in the labor movement.C D21.It has been calculated that the Earth's circumference around the equator is over forty longerA B C D miles than the circumference around the two poles.22. A fish must constantly to gulp water in order to keep a current flowing through its delicateA B C Dgills.23. Maria Martinez, a Pueblo Indian, rediscovered the ancient art of Pueblo black pottery and, byAteaching the process to family and friends, develop a lucrative business.B C D24. Muscular motion is caused by the stimulate of specific nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.A B C D25. The first libraries in the North American colonies was established in Massachusetts in the yearA B C D 1638.26. When does a neutron from one atom collides with the nucleus of another atom, a chainA B Creaction can occur.D27. Alike other academic disciplines, sociology has several major sub-disciplines.A B C D28. An enormous variety of information may be obtained from a largest daily newspaper.A B C D29. Before the invention of the clock, people had to reliable on the celestial bodies to tell time.A B C D30. How many people remember listening to Orson Welles'1938 radio broadcast. "The War ofA B Cthe Worlds," Which convince thousands that space aliens had invaded the Earth?D31. Pewter, a metal with an ancient heritage, is still practical medium for the nonprofessionalA B C C metalworker.32. According to cognitive theories of emotion, anger occurs when individuals believe that theyAhave been harmed and that the harm was either avoidable and undeserved.B C D33. Jackie Mclean's recordings have shown that he is one of the few jazz musicians who style ofA B playing has kept pace with the evolution of modern jazz.C D34. How Native Americans developed corn is a puzzling, for no wild corn has ever beenA B C discovered, and it grows only where people plant and tend it.D35. A principle of manager is to ensure that every action or decision achieves a carefully plannedA B C D goal.36. A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid the habits that might shorten the lives.A B C D37. Classicism as a doctrine seeks what is universally truth and good.A B C D38. Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating a series of indicators that couldA B C help themselves to predict earthquakes.D39.Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soilA B C fertility, and decompose animal debris.D40. A common use with gold in the nineteenth century was as a standard for the value of money.A B C DＥＸＥＲＣＩＳＥ ＴＨＲＥＥ CPassage 1One of the most successful singers of the twentieth century. Ella Fitzgerald has made several different styles her own. She was born in Virginia but was brought up in an orphanage in Yonkers, New York. Chick Webb spotted her in an amateur competition when she was sixteen. He engaged her to sing with his band., and when he died in 1939 she took over.Unlike Bessic Smith. Ella Fizgerald taught herself the sentimental music so popular in the 1930'5 - songs like "My Heart Belongs to Daddy"-and her recordings became best - sellers. During the 1940'5 she developed her own "scat singing" - a breathless. nonsenses - syllable style-for songs like "Flying Home" and "Lady Be Good."Ella Fitzgerald was the perfect musical partner for her friend, the trumpeter Louis Armstrong, matching him in warmth and artistry. "I just like music, period." she has said. "To me, it's a story There's only one thing better than singing… it's more singing."1.Where did Fitzqerald spend most of her childhood?(A) Virginia(B) Yonkers(C) New York City(D) Louisiana2.Who was the first to discover Ella Fitzgerald's talent?(A) Fitzgerald's father(B) Louis Armstrong(C) Bessie Smith(D) Chick Webb3.The word "spotted" (line 3) means(A) noticed(B) stained(C) in the spotlight(D) of different colors4.When Fitzgerald was sixteen, Chick Webb asked her to(A) marry him(B) hire him(C) take over his band(D) perform with his band5.According to the passage. Bessie Smith was a(A) singer(B) music teacher(C) band leader(D) songwriter6.Which of the following might be used in "scat singing" as described in the passage9 (A) Hai-di. . .hai-di. . .hai-di. ..ho(B) Home, home, home, I'm going home(C) Golly! Wow! We're flying now!(D) Lady. be good7.What does the passage imply about Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong?(A) They were the originators of "scat singing(B) They played the same musical instrumonts.(C) They performed well together(D) They were a married couple.8.The "friend" referred to in line 9 is(A) Ella Fitzgerald(B) Louis Armstrong(C) Bessie Smith(C) Chick WebbPassage 2In the late sixteenth century the glass lathe was introduced, making it possible to grind several lenses at once and also to produce-as objects of curiosity-powerful, thick concave lenses.Thin concave lenses had been used for more than a century, but thick concave lenses were now sold to people caught up with painting or visual illusions ofperspective, who used them as "perspective glasses." Once the new lens becameavailable, it suddenly became possible to see a rather interesting effect bycombining two lenses. We now know that there are many different things that canbe done with a pair of lenses. Both the Keplerian telescope and the microscope usecombinations of perfectly focused convex lenses. The Galilean type of telescopebegan with the idea that as soon as you hold a powerful concave lens to the eyeand a simple weak convex lens at arm' 5 length, the clock in the church towerjumps out at you. Many artisans from around the world enjoyed that illusion in theearly 1600's, but it was two lens grinders from Middelburg in the Low Countrieswho first decided to market the telescope as a military invention, a device forspying on enemy armies. In fact, the telescope's narrow field of vision made it anunlikely spying device - but the two lens grinders thought they could sell it anyway.When the telescope was used militarily centuries later, it was used, not for spying,but for signaling.1.Which of the following is the main topic of this passage?(A) Grass lathes(B) Innovative signaling equipment(C) Early uses of lenses(D) Galileo and Kepier2.According to the passage the invention of the glass lathe made it possible to produce thefirst(A) thin concave lenses(B) thick concave lenses(B) thin convex lenses(C) thick convex lenses3.The passage indicates that convex lenses in combination were used in(A) the Keplerican telescope and the microscope(B) microscopes and perspective glasses(C) perspective glasses and signaling(D) the military telescope and the Keplerian telescope4.The clause "the clock in the church tower jumps out at you" in lines II – 12mentioned to illustrate the effect of a(A) perspective glass(B)Galilean telescope(C) spying device(D) Kepierian telescope5. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the telescope developed inMiddelburg?(A) It was made without grinding lenses.(B) It proved to Le valuable for military spying.(C) Clockmakers around the world copied many of its features.(D) Initial attempts at marketing it were not very successful.Passage 3 The term "satellite city is used to describe the relationship between a large city and neighboring smaller cities and towns that are economically dependent upon it. Satellite cities may be collection and distribution points in the commercial linkages of a trading metropolis, or they may be manufacturing or mining centers existing with one - industry economics as the creatures of some nearby center. This latter form is what is generally meant when one uses the term "satellite city." Taken in this sense, nineteenth - century Chicopee and Lowell, Massachusetts, were satellites of Boston. Both were mill towns created by Boston investors to serve the economy of that New England metropolis. Located on cheap land along water - power sites in the midst of a farming region that could supply ample labor, they were satellites in the fullest sense of the term. Pullman, Illinois, and Gary, Indiana, were likewise one - industry towns created in conjunction with the much broader economy of nearby Chicago. Such places, as Vera Schlakman and Stanley Buder have pointed out in their excellent urban biographies, had a one-dimensional quality, a paucity of social vigor. These cities could not stand alone; they were in a sense colonies of a multifunctional mother city.1. Which of the following is characteristic of a satellite city?(A) It is a self - sufficient community.(B) It offers cheap land to people.(C) It tends to concentrate on a single product.(D) It lies within a space station orbiting Earth.2. According to the passage Chicopee and Lowell were ideal locations for the development oftowns because they had(A) fully developed electric power plants (B) an adequate number of workers(C) farmland that would not be flooded (D) extremely rich investors 3.The author describes each of the following as being economically dependent on another cityEXCEPT(A) Chicopee, Massachusetts(B) Lowell, Massachusetts(C) Pullman, Illinois(D) Chicago, Illinois4. It can be inferred from the passage that Vera Schlakman and Stanley Buder are(A) authors(B) investors(C) social workers(D) factory workers5. It can be inferred from the passage that Vera Sohlakman and Stanley Buder woulddescribe the economics of towns like Puliman and Gary as(A) diversified(B) dependent(C) vigorous(D) primitivePassage 4Three years of research at an abandoned coal mine in Argonne Illinois, have resulted in findings that scientists believe can help reclaim thousands of mine disposal sites that scar the coal-rich regions of the United States. In a pilot reclamation protect, they tested the growth possibilities of eight species of plants in the old mine's huge pile of acidic and toxic wastes.The researchers applied ground limestone, put a thin layer of topsoil on it, and sowed theplant seeds on the refuse, consisting of waste coal, rock, clay, and mining debris. Initially.the plots were dominated by invading annual weeds, but in the second and third growing seasons desirable grasses and other plants became well-established The scientists' findings are believed to be the first step toward restoring some 22, 500 acres of coal refuse sites in Illinois and thousands of acres in other states.1. What is the main topic of the passage.(A) Abandoned coal mines(B) Reclamation of a mine disposal site(C) New species of plants(D) Regions where coal has caused scars2. According to the passage, what have scientists been testing?(A) How to locate abandoned mines(B) The disposal of toxic wastes(C) The growth potential of certain plants(D) How to convert refuse into useable energy3. How many kinds of plants did the scientists test?(A) One(B) Two(C) Three (D) Eight4. According to the passage. what did researchers do to prepare the area.(A) They ground up the rocks(B) They added some topsoil.(C) They added fertilizer(D). They refused to do anything..5. What happened during the first year of the study(A)The grasses became well established.(B)Weeds took over the area.(C)The soil became too acidic.(D)Plants were unable to grow.6. It can be inferred from the passage that in the United States, abandoned coal mines exist(A) primarily in Illinois(B) in limited numbers(C) in several states (D)near operational mines7 It can be inferred from the passage that widespread applications of the scientists' findings should lead to(A) less coal being mined(B) new varieties of grasses(C) more refuse sites(D)less barren land Passage 5When the persuading and the planning for the Western railroads had finally been completed, the really challenging task remained: the danoerous, sweaty, backbreaking, brawling business of actually building the lines. The men who took Ii on comprised the most cosmopolitan work crew in American history. They included Civil War veteran and freed slaves, Irish andGerman immigrants. Mormons and atheists. Shoshonis. Palutes, Washos. and Chinese.At the peak of their labors, the work crews laid two to five miles of track a day. The men filled ravines. ran spidery trestles across rivers and valleys, and punched holes throughmountains. And they did alt these jobs largely by their own muscle power. Flaicars carried rails to within half a mile of the railhead; there the iron was loaded onto carts. An eyewitnessdescribed the procedure: 'A light car, drawn by a single horse, gallops up to the front with its load of rails. Two men seize the end of a rail and start forward. the rest of the gang taling hold by twos Until it is clear of the car. They come forward at a run. At the word of command.the rail is dropped in its place. right side up Less than thirty seconds to a rail for each gang.and so four rails go down to the minute.',1. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage9 (A)An Eyewitness Report(B)A Difficult Task(C)The Hiring of a Construction Crew(D)The Railroad and the Civil War2. According to the passage, in addition to laying railroad track, the work crew dId which of thefollowing?(A) Climbed over mountain peaks.(B) Planned railroads. (C) Caught horses. (D) Made tunnels. 3.In line 8, the word "they" refers to (A) men (B) valleys (C)mountains (D) jobs4. Which of the following phrases could be substituted for the phrase "clear of" (line 12)without changing the meaning of the sentence?(A) put through (B) visible to (C) away from(D.) open to5. According to the passage. how many rails could be laid in a minute?(A)Two(B)Four(C)Five(D)Thirty。