英语手机报 2010年4月18日——2010年4月24日

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手机_信息传播载体还是大众媒介

手机:信息传播载体还是大众媒介* 傅宁庞大的用户群和手机信息传播的功能,使很多人把手机这个信息传播载体看做是大众传播媒介。

因为它不但吸纳和融合了传统媒体的功能和优势,还具有许多其他媒体不具有的特性,如分众、定向、即时等。

那么,这个信息传播载体可以被视为当代传播学意义上的媒体吗?一、手机的媒体雏形手机报2004年7月中国妇女报开办了中国第一份手机报。

截止到现在,全国共有30多个报业集团和报社推出了手机报服务,手机报似乎使手机从信息传播载体跨越到了数字媒体的行列。

但是,如果严格细分,就会出现与大众传媒定义的疏离。

手机报因为没有自己的采编人员,完全复制传统纸质媒体的内容,原创性差。

内容基本是传统报纸的缩微版,信息来源、信息选择、叙事结构、新闻语境等方面与其传统报纸的母体保持着完全的共性。

只是根据手机的屏幕大小和滚动模式,在体裁选择、报道篇幅大小等方面略作调整。

手机用户与大众媒体匿名的受众也是有区别的,由于中国手机是实名制登记,用户的基本信息和话费消费额度都是电信可以掌握的数据。

电信用户的分众化服务,真正可以做到有的放矢。

但即使这样,手机作为信息传播载体也没有能够满足大家对手机报的基本期待:分众化和互动性。

依靠问卷星上的调查(开始时间2010年4月22日,结束时间2010年12月27日)结果显示,手机用户的基本特征可以比较清晰地显现:44 1%的男性和55 9%的女性,其中大学本科学历的占88 1%;话费在21 50元之间的占59 3%,81 100元的占11 9%;文科76 3%,理工科23 7%;接受3元/月价位的占45 8%,3 5元/月的22%;通过网络获取新闻的占76 3%,通过电视的占10 2%;订阅手机报的原因28 8%出于兴趣,18 6%是套餐;47 5%的订户觉得质量一般,33 9%的订户感到满意, 28 7%不满意;61%选择自己感兴趣的内容浏览,10 2%只读导读部分,23 7%全部阅读;45 8%在早晨9点到12点收到手机报;54 2%的人对国内新闻感兴趣,52 5%的人对国际新闻感兴趣,52 5%的人对娱乐新闻感兴趣(出现此结果的原因为本题答案为多选项);54 2%的人对文字新闻感兴趣,37 3%对图片新闻感兴趣;认为手机报信息量不够的人占20 3%,认为报道太简单,不能提供详细报道的占33 9%;除了新闻外,45 8%的人主要从手机报获取天气预报;与普通报纸相比,50 8%的人认为资讯不全面,23 7%的人认为新闻信息孤立,缺乏背景,18 6%的人认为信息不准确,缺乏权威性;使用中国移动手机报的占59 3%,中国联通手机报的占3 4%,中国电信手机报的占3 4%,其他手机报的33 9%。

初中英语新闻报道范文

初中英语新闻报道范文经常在电视上看到播报员在报导新闻，那么大家有没有了解过新闻报道是如何写的呢？下面是店铺给大家整理的一些英语范文，供大家参阅!新闻报道范文Hello everyone.My name is Vivi and I am 14 years old.I am come from HongLing Middle School.Today I’m going to give you a enertainment news.大家好，我叫Vivi，我今年14岁了，我来自红岭中学，今天我要给你们播报一篇娱乐新闻。

NEW YORK, April 18 --- Zhou Libo, a Chinese stand-up comedian who is famous for his iconic "Shanghai Style Small Talk," will perform at New York's Carnegie Hall in July.纽约，4月18日---周立波，一个中国人站起来的喜剧演员谁是著名的他的标志性的“上海式的小谈话，”将在纽约的卡耐基音乐厅在七月。

The show, "Sing our generation's songs, tell my own jokes," will be the first time a Chinese stand-up comedian to take the stage of the world renowned venue.表演，“唱出我们这一代人的歌，讲出我自己的笑话，”这将是中国第一次站起来的喜剧演员，参加世界著名的舞台。

"I always wanted to perform in New York City," said Zhou at a press conference on Monday. "New York and Shanghai are very similar cities with beautiful skylines and wonderful people."“我一直想在纽约城演出，”周在星期一的新闻发布会上说。

雅思写作Task2基础

IELTS Writing VIP CourseClass 11. Introduction结构评分标准●●●●2. 如何备考3. 写作步骤4. 审题Task: (You should figure out……)●题目结构●话题分类●写作指令5．Brainstorm & Outline2010年1月9日Some people think charitable organizations should help people in their own country while others think they should help those in the greatest need, no matter where they are. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2010年1月14日Some people think the government，instead of private companies，should be responsible for scientific research. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2010年1月23日The gap between the wealthy people and the poor people is increasing. What are the causes of this problem and what are the solutions to this problem?2010年1月30日There is an increasing amount of anti-social behavior and lack of respect for others. What are the causes of this problem and what are your solutions?2010年2月6日Air travel only brings advantages to the rich people. But the majority of people do not benefit from it. To what extent do you agree?2010年2月20日Economic development has caused some traditional values to be lost. To what extent do the disadvantages outweigh the advantages?2010年2月27日Technological progress in the last century had negative effects, despite its remarkable contribution to human society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2010年3月6日The life expectancy is longer in many countries, which is causing problems for society. What kinds of effect does this situation have on individuals and society as a whole?2010年3月18日Some people think zoos are cruel and all the zoos should be closed. Some other people think zoos are useful for the protection of the rare animals. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2010年3月20日With the technology developing rapidly, machines are used widely in our lives. To what extent do the advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages?2010年3月27日Many children prefer to watch TV rather than to do creative things. Why is this case? How can we solve this problem?2010年4月17日Some people think the government should help citizens adopt healthy lifestyles while others think citizens should live in ways they like. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2010年4月24日It has been suggested that everyone in the world wants to own a car, a TV and a fridge. Do you think the disadvantage of such social development outweighs the advantage?2010年5月8日Schools should teach children some academic subjects which will be beneficial to their future careers. Therefore, other subjects such as music and sports are not important. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?2010年5月15日Some people think that computers and the Internet are more important to a child's education than going to school. However, others believe that schools and teachers are essential for children to learn effectively. Discuss both views and give your own2010年5月22日Some people think children should be made to obey rules while others think students who are controlled too much will not be prepared for the future. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2010年5月29日Many young people leave schools with a negative attitude. Why does this happen? What do you think can encourage young people to have a positive attitude?2010年6月5日Students from rural areas often find it difficult to access university education, so people think universities should make it especially easy for them to study at. To what extent do youagree or disagree?2010年6月19日The world is changing rapidly. An increasing number of people change their jobs and the places they live frequently. Is this a negative or a positive development?2008-8-21 International tourism sometimes makes people prejudiced rather than broad-minded. Give out reasons why people can not benefit from it and suggest ways to improve people's understanding about the countries they visit.2009.1.10 Some people think that the range of technology available to individuals is increasing the gap between rich people and poor people，while others hold the opposite opinion. Discuss these points of view. What is your opinion?2009.1.15 Some people think students at school and university can learn more from teachers and lessons than from TV and the Internet. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2009.1.17 People can now live and work at anywhere because of improved communication technology and transport .To what extent do you think its advantages outweigh its disadvantages? 2009.2.7 Rich countries often give financial aid to poor countries, but it does not solve the poverty, so some people think that rich countries should give other types of help to the poor countries rather than the financial aid. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2009.2.12 Development in technology leads to environmental problems, and some people think that the solution to these problems is for everyone to lead a simpler way of life, while others say that technology can solve these problems.Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 2009.2.21 Some think that environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve,while othersthink the problems cannot solve unless individuals take some action. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2009.2.28 Some people think that increasing the number of sports facilities is the best way to improve public health, but others believe that it has little effects and we need other measures to improve it. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2009.3.5 Newspapers have a big influence on people's ideas and opinions. Why is it? To what extent do you think it is positive or negative?2009.3.7 Some people think music plays an important role in society, while others believe music is simply a form of entertainment for individuals. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2009.3.14 More and more students choose to move to other countries to have higher education. Do you think the benefits of going abroad outweigh its problem?2009.3.21 Some people think it is more important for government to spend public money on promoting healthy lifestyle in order to prevent illness than to spend it on the treatment of people who are already ill. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2009.4.4 Nowadays，people live in the society where consumer goods are cheaper to buy. Do you think its advantages outweigh disadvantages?2009.4.18 If a product is good or it meets people needs, people will buy it. So advertising is unnecessary and no more than an entertainment. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2009.4.25 Some people think that computers and the Internet are more important for a child's education than going to school. But others believe that schools and teachers are essential for children to learn effectively.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2009.4.30 Some people think museums should be enjoyable places to attract and entertain young people. But others think the purpose of museums is to educate, not to entertain.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2009.5.9 Some people believe that teenagers should concentrate on all school subjects. But, others believe that teenagers should focus on the subject that they are best at or that they find the most interest.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.2009.5.16 It has been believed that people whoread for pleasure have developed imagination and language skills better than people who perfer to watch TV. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2009.5.21 A hundred years ago, people think that human race is steadily improving in every area of life. Now it seems this is not certain in that situation. In which areas do you think we have made important progress nowadays? In which areas do you think we still need to make progress? 2009.5.30 Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) are the main sources in many countries, but in some countries the use of alternative sources of energy (wind energy and solar energy) is encouraged. To what extent do you think it is a positive or negative development?2009年7月11日Many people think companies and individuals, instead of governments, should pay for reducing the pollution they have produced. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2009年7月23日Some people are optimistic about the 21st century and see it as an opportunity to make positive changes to the world. To what extent do you agree?2009年7月25日Some people think students should go to boarding schools instead of living at home. Do you agree or disagree?2009年8月8日The development of technology has changed the way that people interact with each other. In which ways does it change the type of relationship that people build with each other? Does this have positive or negative effect on society?2009年8月13日The subjects and course contents for children are decided by the authorities, such as the central government. Some people think that teachers should decide these for students. To what extent do you agree of disagree with this opinion?2009年8月22日The news media are increasingly influential today. To what extent do you think this is a positive development?2009年8月29日When we travel to foreign countries, we tend to see the same things as we see in our home countries. What are the causes of this phenomenon and do you think this is positive or negative?2009年9月5日Some people think that students should go to university for further education. However, some others claim that students should go to learn skills such as fixing cars or construction. What is you opinion?2009年9月12 Care for children is an important thing of the society. It is suggested that all mothers and fathers should be required to take childcare training courses. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2009年10月8日Some people think family members have stronger influence on children than teachers and friends. Do you agree?2009年10月10日Some people think the production of consumer goods damages the environment. Do you agree or disagree?2009年10月24日Some people think university education should prepare students for employment while others think it should help students acquire theoretical knowledge. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2009年10月31日Environmental problems are too serious for individuals to solve. Onlygovernments and big companies can solve them. Do you agree?同意与否型：üDo you agree or disagree? Give examples to support your argument. üTo what extend do you agree or disagree?üDiscuss both sides and give your opinion.üWhat is your opinion?利弊型：üadvantages--- disadvantagesübenefits--- risks/ drawbacksüstrengths--- weaknessesümerits---demeritsüupsides-downsidesüpositive and negative effectsüpros and cons原因、问题、解决型原因：reasons, factors, causes,Why …What leats to …Wha should be responsible for …What contributes to ….问题：problems, serious consequences,negativr effects解决：solution, measures, suggestionsHow…。

英语周报》大学版四级模拟试题与2010年12月18日四级真题

《英语周报》大学版四级模拟试题与2010年12月18日四级真题对比分析报告大学版四、六级责编张晓红一、写作《英语周报》大学版2010—2011学年上学期共有十套四级模拟题，其中三套是关于父母与子女关系的写作题目，它们分别是四级模拟试题（五）、四级模拟试题（七）和四级模拟试题（八），并分别从低幼儿童应该由父母自己照看还是送进幼儿园、成年孩子是否应与父母同住，以及“啃老族”三个阶段来讨论如何培养孩子的独立问题，虽然侧重点有所不同，但主题都是一致的；而2010年12月18日的四级真题作文题目恰恰是对这三个阶段的一个归纳：父母如何帮助孩子学会独立。

下面，我们来对比分析一下三套模拟试题与真题的异同之处：模拟一：Should Children Be Taken Care of at Home?1. Some people think children should be taken care of at home by their parents;2. Others argue that it would be good for them if they were sent to the kindergarten;3. What’s your opinion?参考范文：Should Children Be Taken Care of at Home?There has been a heated discussion about whether of not children should be taken care of at home by their parents.Some people argue that taking care of children at home has a number of advantages. Firstly, parents may be able to provide a more practical education for their children than kindergartens. Secondly, home is likely to provide a more relaxed atmosphere than any other place. Besides, parents can keep their children from negative influences.Many other people, however, insist that children should be sent to the kindergarten. First, in kindergartens children are given more opportunities to develop in a social context and become accustomed to communicating with peers independently. Next, kindergartens offer professional trained teachers and all kinds of educational facilities from which children can benefit.In my opinion, I believe that children should be taken care of in kindergartens instead of being educated at home. Only in this way can both children and parents get benefits, as parents are able to advance their careers; at the same time, children will get better education, learn to be independent and solve problems by themselves.模拟二：Should Parents Live with Their Adult Children?Some people think that when people become old, they often feel very lonely; therefore, adult children should live with their parents. Do you agree with this opinion?参考范文：Should Parents Live with Their Adult Children?One of the topics of daily life is whether or not older people should live with their adultchildren. My answer for this question is that it is better for them not to do so.Firstly, people of different ages have different ways of living. Many old people like a quiet, peaceful and regular life whereas the young prefer noisy and unrestrained enjoyment. Secondly, people of different generations have different views and values. When they live together, they may disagree with each other on matters ranging from minor domestic matters to national and international issues. Consequently, family life may be unpleasant or even unbearable to both the old and the young. Last but not least, adult children, like their parents, love independence and freedom, but their parents still take them as children and unintentionally interfere in their affairs. The situation could be worse if the children are already married. For old people’s interference, many couples may have conflicts every day, even leading to a divorce.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that if the parents and their adult children do not live together, both the old and the young enjoy complete independence and freedom, lead a life they like and keep their affections for each other.模拟三：NEET Group Phenomenon1. 社会上出现“啃老族”：已经成年、有劳动能力的年轻人，仍依靠父母供养。

2010年报纸

2010年新疆师范大学图书馆报纸装订清单
文光校区期刊室
序号邮发代号 51 57－13 52 57－13 53 57－13 54 57－13 55 57－13 56 57－13 57 57－24 58 57－24 59 57－24 60 57－24 61 57－21 62 57－121 63 57－121 64 57－121 66 57－132 67 57－132 68 57－158 69 57－161 57-16 70 71 57－98 72 57－98 73 57－98 74 57－98 75 57－98 76 57－98 77 57－3 78 57－3 79 57－3 80 57－3 81 57－109 82 57－12 83 57－12 报刊名称新疆日报新疆日报新疆日报新疆日报阿勒泰日报阿勒泰日报塔城日报塔城日报塔城日报塔城日报新疆科技报伊犁日报伊犁日报伊犁日报参考消息参考消息伊犁晚报新疆教育报伊犁法制报内蒙古日报内蒙古日报内蒙古日报内蒙古日报内蒙古日报内蒙古日报新疆日报新疆日报新疆日报新疆日报博尔塔拉报巴音郭楞巴音郭楞文字哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈蒙蒙蒙蒙蒙蒙蒙蒙蒙蒙蒙蒙蒙期数 1－3 4－6 7－9 10－12 1－6 7－12 1－3 4－6 7－9 10－12 1－12 1－4 5－8 9－12 1－6 7－12 1-12 1－12 1－12 1－2 3－4 5－6 7－8 9－10 11－12 1-3 4-6 7-9 10-12 1-12 1－12 1－12
Байду номын сангаас
年报纸装订表
装订册 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 缺期原因全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全全

文明上网从我做起我校开展警务阳光进校园活动

警务进校园2008年4月8日，警务人员为全校师生演示“阳光警务查询监督系统”。

当日，西峰区公安局什社派出所在我校举行“阳光警务进校园”活动启动仪式，通过“阳光警务进校园”手机报、网站等共建和谐平安校园。

文明上网从我做起我校开展警务阳光进校园活动“在虚拟的网络上，有着很多有益的知识，但同时也充斥着不良的信息，广大青少年要具备安全、健康、绿色上网的意识，防止侵害。

”2009年2月14日下午，甘肃省公安厅庆阳分局在校长王永峰，副校长班敏、党支部书记文伟、总务主任李兴涛等领导班子成员的陪同下在我校开展“警务阳光进校园”活动，倡导中小学生从自己做起，营造一个洁净的网络环境。

通过警务阳光进校园这一系列活动，向青少年介绍国家互联网管理法律、法规，营造健康上网、文明上网、安全上网的社会氛围，促进网络和谐。

此次活动以讲座、座谈和咨询服务等形式，帮助经常上网的青少年有节制地上网。

同时还将整顿学校周边的网吧，对学校的网络进行安全技术指导，为在校的青少年提供一个良好的上网环境。

开展警务进校园、法制进校园活动创新警校联动治安管理机制针对在校学生违法犯罪逐年递增的情况，我区公安系统校长王永峰，副校长班敏、党支部书记文伟、总务主任李兴涛等领导班子成员的陪同下于2010年8月8日积极开展警务进校园、法制进校园活动，建立公安机关与学校及内部班级法制宣传联动机制，以实现校园和谐稳定、可预防性案件逐年下降为总目标，以期达到社会效果和法律效果的相统一。

一、建立“两个预防”、“扩大三个面”、“实现三个到位”机制：预防学生受到不法侵害、预防学生违法犯罪，努力构建警、校联动机制；扩大校园法制宣传覆盖面、实现宣传到位，扩大安全防范覆盖面、实现预防到位，扩大治安信息覆盖面，实现打击到位。

二、深入开展法制宣传进校园活动：在学校开学期间，什社派出所民警深入我校利用开设法律课堂讲座的形式，向学校师生宣传相关的法律知识，对近几年发生在校园内的典型案例，特别是对校园内易发、多发的校园盗窃、敲诈、抢劫等案件作深度的剖析，提出警方的预警提示及措施，并就如何及时发现违法犯罪、如何提高辨别是非的能力、如何提高自我防范能力等方面用通俗的语言，深入浅出地进行分析和讲解。

2010年全国英语专四真题(word版)

QUESTION BOOKLET 试卷用后随即销毁。

严禁保留、出版或复印。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 135 MINPART I DICTATION [15 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning? For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.1. The following details have been checked during the conversation EXCEPTA. number of travelers.B. number of tour days.C. flight details.D. room services.2. What is included in the price?A. Air tickets and local transport.B. Local transport and meals.C. Air tickets, local transport and breakfast.D. Air tickets, local transport and all meals.3. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. The traveler is reluctant to buy travel insurance.B. The traveler is ready to buy travel insurance.C. The traveler doesn't have to buy travel insurance.D. Travel insurance is not mentioned in the conversation.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of theconversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.4. Which of the following details is CORRECT?A. Mark knows the exact number of airport buses.B. Mark knows the exact number of delegates' spouse.C. Mark doesn't know the exact number of delegates yet.D. Mark doesn't know the number of guest speakers.5. What does Linda want to know?A. The arrival time of guest speakers.B. The departure time of guest speakers.C. The type of transport for guest speakers.D. The number of guest speakers.6. How many performances have been planned for the conference?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Not mentioned.7. Who will pay for the piano performance?A. Pan-Pacific Tours.B. Johnson & Sons Events.C. Conference delegates.D. An airline company.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.8. What is NOT missing in Mary's briefcase?A. Her cheque book.B. Her papers for work.C. Her laptop.D. Her appointment book.9. Where was Mary the whole morning?A. At the police station.B. At a meeting.C. In her client's office.D. In the restaurant.10. Why was Mary sure that the briefcase was hers in the end?A. The papers inside had the company's name.B. The briefcase was found in the restaurant.C. The restaurant manager telephoned James.D. The cheque book inside bore her name.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefullyand then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.11. We learn from the passage that about two-thirds of the courses are taught throughA. the School of Design and Visual ArtsB. the School of Social Work.C. the School of Business.D. the Arts and Sciences program.12. What is the cost of undergraduate tuition?A. Twenty thousand dollars.B. Thirty thousand dollars.C. Twenty-seven thousand dollars.D. Thirty-eight thousand dollars.13. International students can receive all the following types of financial assistance EXCEPTA. federal loans.B. private loans.C. scholarships.D. monthly payment plans.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.14. According to the passage, mothers in spend more time looking after children.A. FranceB. AmericaC. DenmarkD. Australia15. Which of the following activities would Australian fathers traditionally participate in?A. Feeding and playing with children.B. Feeding and bathing children.C. Taking children to the park and to school.D. Taking children to watch sports events.16. According to the study, the "new man" likes toA. spend more time at work.B. spend more time with children.C. spend time drinking after work.D. spend time on his computer.17. It is suggested in the passage that the "new man" might be less acceptableinA. France.B. Britain.C. Australia.D. Denmark.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.18. The services of the new partnership are provided mainly toA. mothers of infected babies.B. infected children and women.C. infected children in cities.D. infected women in cities.19. Which of the following details about Family Health International is INCORRECT?A. It is a nonprofit organization.B. It provides public health services.C. It carries out research on public health.D. It has worked in five countries till now.20. The example of Cambodia mainly showsA. the importance of government support.B. the importance of public education efforts.C. the progress the country has made so far.D. the methods used to fight AIDS.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.21. According to the news, the victim wasA. a 17-year-old girl.B. a 15-year-old boy.C. a 23-year-old woman.D. an 18-year-old man.22. We learn from the news that the suspects were arrestedA. one month later.B. two months later.C. immediately.D. two weeks later.Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.23. The Iraqi parliament can vote on the security agreement only afterA. all parties have agreed on it.B. the US troops have pulled out.C. the Cabinet has reviewed it.D. the lawmakers have returned from Mecca.24. According to the news, the US troops are expected to completely pull out byA. mid-2009.B. the end of 2009.C. mid-2011.D. the end of 2011.Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.25. The following are involved in the operations to rescue the children in Honduras EXCEPTA. the police.B. the district attorney.C. the prison authorities.D. Institute of Childhood and Family.26. What punishment would parents face if they allowed their children to beg?A. To be imprisoned and fined.B. To have their children taken away.C. To be handed over to the authorities.D. None.Question 27 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.27. What is the news item about?A. Coastlines in Italy.B. Public use of the beach.C. Swimming and bathing.D. Private bathing clubs.Question 28 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.28. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the news?A. The airport was shut down for Friday.B. There was a road accident involving two buses.C. Local shops were closed earlier than usual.D. Bus service was stopped for Friday.Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.29. How many people were rescued from the apartment building?A. 17.B. 24.C. 21.D. 41.30. Which of the following details in the news is CORRECT?A. The rescue operation involved many people.B. The cause of the explosions has been determined.C. Rescue efforts were stopped on Thursday.D. The explosions didn't destroy the building.PART III CLOZE [15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on ANSWER SHEET TWO.How men first learned to invent words is unknown; (31) , the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain (32) to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, (33) they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed (34) certain signs, called letters, which could be (35) to represent those sounds, and which could be (36) . Those sounds, whether spoken, (37) written in letters, we call words.The power of words, then, lies in their (38) -the things they bring up before our minds. Words become (39) with meaning for us by experience; (40) the longer we live, the more certain words (41) to us the happy and sad events of our past; and the more we (42) , the more the number of words that mean something to us (43) .Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal (44) to our minds and emotions. This (45) and telling use of words is what we call (46) style. Above all, the real poet is a master of (47) . He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which (48) their position and association can (49) men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will (50) our speech or writing silly and vulgar.(31) A. in addition B. in other words C. in a word D. in summary(32) A. sounds B. gestures C. signs D. movements(33) A. such that B. as that C. so that D. in that(34) A. in B. with C. of D. upon(35) A. spelt B. combined C. written D copied(36) A. written down B. handed down C. remembered D. observed(37) A. and B. yet C. also D. or(38) A. functions B. associations C. roles D. links(39) A. filled B. full C. live D. active(40) A. but B. or C. yet D. and(41) A. reappear B. recall C. remember D. recollect(42) A. read and think B. read and recall C. read and learn D. read and recite(43) A. raises B. increases C. improves D. emerges(44) A. intensively B. extensively C. broadly D. powerfully(45) A. charming B. academic C. conventional D. common(46) A. written B. spoken C. literary D. dramatic(47) A. signs B. words C. style D. sound(48) A. in B. on C. over D. by(49) A. move B. engage C. make D. force(50) A. transform B. change C. make D. convertPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.51. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE?A. Why don't you do it for the sake of your friends?B. I wish I could write as well as you.C. For all his efforts, he didn't get an A.D. Her eyes were red from excessive reading.52. Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She by bus.A. must have goneB. should have goneC. ought to have goneD. could have gone53. He feels that he is not yet to travel abroad.A. too strongB. enough strongC. so strongD. strong enough54. After seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.A. thatB. itC. whatD. there55. Fool Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that56. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. They each have two tickets.B. They cost twenty yuan each.C. Each they have bought the same book.D. They were given two magazines each.57. She seldom goes to the theatre, ？A. doesn't sheB. does sheC. would sheD. wouldn't she58. Dr Johnson is head of the department, an expert in translation.A. orB. eitherC. butD. and59. When one has good health, should feel fortunate.A. youB. theyC. heD. we60. It is necessary that he the assignment without delay.A. hand inB. hands inC. must hand inD. has to hand in61. In the sentence "It's no use waiting for her", the italicized phrase isA. the objectB. an adverbialC. a complementD. the subject62. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. All his lectures are very interesting.B. Half their savings were gone.C. Many his friends came to the party.D. Both his sisters are nurses.63. Which of the following sentences has an object complement?A. The directors appointed John manager.B. I gave Mary a Christmas present.C. You have done Peter a favour.D. She is teaching children English.64. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "We've seen the film "?A. beforeB. recentlyC. latelyD. yet65. should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.A. To be not tallB. Not being tallC. Being not tallD. Not to be tall66. Due to personality , the two colleagues never got on well in work.A. contradictionB. conflictC. confrontationD. competition67. During the summer vacation, kids are often seen hanging in the streets.A. aboutB. onC. overD. out68. There were 150 at the international conference this summer.A. spectatorsB. viewersC. participantsD. onlookers69. School started on a cold day in February.A. severeB. bitterC. suchD. frozen70. In the face of unexpected difficulties, he demonstrated a talent for quick, action.A. determiningB. defensiveC. demandingD. decisive71. The team has been working overtime on the research projectA. latelyB. just nowC. lateD. long ago72. Because of the economic crisis, industrial output in the region remainedA. motionlessB. inactiveC. stagnantD. immobile73. The police had difficulty in the fans from rushing on to the stage totake photos with the singer.A. limitingB. restrainingC. confiningD. restricting74. Joan is in the dorm, putting the final to her speech.A. detailsB. remarksC. commentsD. touches75. His in gambling has eventually brought about his ruin.A. indulgenceB. habitC. actionD. engagement76. The teacher told the students to stay in the classroom and they didA. absolutelyB. accidentallyC. accordinglyD. accurately77. You can actually see the deer at close range while driving through that area. The italicized phrase means .A. clearlyB. very nearC. quicklyD. very hard78. He listened hard but still couldn't what they were talking about.A. make overB. make upC. make uponD. make out79. For the advertised position, the company offers a(n) salary and benefits package.A. generousB. plentifulC. abundantD. sufficient80. As there was no road, the travelers up a rocky slope on their way back.A. ranB. hurriedC. scrambledD. crawledPART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AWhat is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a starmainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.He is skeptical - he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available - and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.81. Many people believe that science helps society progress throughA. applied knowledge.B. more than one aspect.C. technology only.D. the use of machines.82. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity?A. It gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work.B. It gives rise to interest in problems that are unexplained.C. It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.D. It encourages the scientist to look for new ways of acting.83. According to the passage, a successful scientist would notA. easily believe in unchecked statements.B. easily criticize others' research work.C. always use his imagination in work.D. always use evidence from observation84. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Application of technology.B. Progress in modem society.C. Scientists' ways of thinking and acting.D. How to become a successful scientist.85. What is the author's attitude towards the topic?A. Critical.B. Objective.C. Biased.D. Unclear.TEXT BOver the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with "nonhumancreatures" such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca“lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet - meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to scoff at and abandon von Daniken's theory. Over the years several other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Interment. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America's past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Interment help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.86. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.B. Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.C. Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.D. Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.87. According to the passage, the Nazca lines were foundA. in mountains.B. in stones.C. on animals.D. on a plain.88. We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the the images they present.A. smallerB. largerC. clearerD. brighter89. There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because ofA. the participation of scientists.B. the emergence of the Interment.C. the birth of new theories.D. the interest in the Interment.90. The author is about the role of the Interment in solving mysteries.A. cautiousB. pessimisticC. uncertainD. optimisticTEXT CGraduation speeches are a bit like wedding toasts. A few are memorable. The resttend to trigger such thoughts as, "Why did I wear such uncomfortable shoes?"But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger. Every yeara few colleges and universities in the US attract attention because they've managedto book high-profile speakers. And, every year, the media report some of these speakers' wise remarks.Last month, the following words of wisdom were spread:"You really haven't completed the circle of success unless you can help somebodyelse move forward." (Oprah Winfrey, Duke University)"There is no way to stop change; change will come. Go out and give us a future worthy of the world we all wish to create together." (Hillary Clinton, New York University)"This really is your moment. History is yours to bend." (Joe Biden, Wake Forest University)Of course, the real "get" of the graduation season was first lady Michelle Obama's appearance at the University of California, Merced. "Remember that you are blessed,"she told the class of 2009, "Remember that in exchange for those blessings, you mustgive something back... As advocate and activist Marian Wright Edelman says, 'Serviceis the rent we pay for living ... it is the true measure, the only measure of success'."Calls to service have a long, rich tradition in these speeches. However, it is possible for a graduation speech to go beyond clich6 and say something truly compelling. The late writer David Foster Wallace's 2005 graduation speech at Kenyon College in Ohio talked about how to truly care about other people. It gained somethingof a cult after it was widely circulated on the Interment. Apple Computer CEO SteveJobs' address at Stanford University that year, in which he talked about death, isalso considered one of the best in recent memory.But when you're sitting in the hot sun, fidgety and freaked out, do you reallywant to be lectured about the big stuff? Isn't that like trying to maintain a smileat your wedding reception while some relative gives a toast that amounts to "marriageis hard work"? You know he's right; you just don't want to think about it at that particular moment. In fact, as is the case in many major life moments, you can't really manage to think beyond the blisters your new shoes are causing.That may seem anticlimactic. But it also gets to the heart of one of life's greatest, saddest truths: that our most "memorable" occasions may elicit the fewest memories. It's probably not something most graduation speakers would say, but it'sone of the first lessons of growing up.91. According to the passage, most graduation speeches tend to recall memories.A. greatB. trivialC. unforgettableD. unimaginative92. "But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger" is explainedA. in the final paragraph.B. in the last but one paragraph.C. in the first paragraph.D. in the same paragraph.93. The graduation speeches mentioned in the passage are related to the following themes EXCEPTA. death.a. success.C. service.D. generosity.94. It is implied in the passage that at great moments people fail toA. remain clear-headed.B. keep good manners.C. remember others' words.D. recollect specific details.95. What is "one of the first lessons of growing up"?A. Attending a graduation ceremony.B. Listening to graduation speeches.C. Forgetting details of memorable events.D. Meeting high-profile graduation speakers.TEXT DCultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for acquaintances. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men's house, separately from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband's portion to the men's house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern。

中脉集团发展历程【中脉科技】

中脉集团发展历程：2013年12月27日，“第八届江苏省企业文化优秀成果表彰大会”隆重举行，中脉荣膺“江苏省第八届企业文化优秀成果奖”。

2013年12月26日，巴马中脉寿乡矿泉水有限公司开业仪式暨巴马百岁源饮用水项目竣工投产庆典隆重举行，立志打造中国养生第一水。

2013年12月中旬，中脉成为北大直销研究中心理事单位。

2013年12月18-19日，第九届中国直销风云榜在重庆举行，中脉道和系统因系统产业化的卓越成就获得“产业化风云成就系统”大奖。

中脉科技荣获“最具价值企业”，中脉生态能量睡眠系统荣获“最具价值产品”、颐净负离子空气净化器荣膺“最具潜力产品”称号。

2013年12月13日，CCTV证券资讯频道报道对中脉“朝阳计划-青少年健康守护行动”捐赠暨战略协议签署仪式进行报道。

2013年12月11日，2013年度“深圳高尔夫风云榜”颁奖盛典隆重举行，中脉科技荣膺“最佳助力奖”。

2013年12月9日，“2013中国直销产业发展论坛及亚太地区直销行业总结表彰典礼”在京召开，中脉科技荣获了“最佳创业平台”大奖。

2013年10-12月，中脉“全国孝德关爱工程”活动相继走进山东济南、福建厦门、湖北十堰、浙江杭州、陕西延安等多地敬老院，献爱心，送温暖。

2013年12月9日，公安部政治部人事训练局巡视员、中国公安民警英烈基金会秘书长张存斗等领导莅临中脉科技华南区总部参观视察，双方就未来公益慈善活动的推广进行深入洽谈。

2013年12月7日，南京国际博览中心，中脉科技四周年辉煌盛典（北方区）圆满闭幕。

2013年11月25日，央视新闻频道《朝闻天下》报道中脉“朝阳计划——青少年健康守护行动”。

2013年11月23日，广州国际体育演艺中心，中脉科技四周年年会（华南区）隆重召开，中脉高管、道和系统高管、政府部门领导以及来自全球的1万多名家人共同参会，盛况空前。

2013年11月22日，南京中脉科技发展有限公司联合中国关心下一代工作委员会等多个部委共同发起“朝阳计划—青少年健康守护行动”，第十届全国人大常委会副委员长、中国关心下一代工作委员会主任顾秀莲出席签约仪式并发表致辞。

2010高一下学期单元测试四(英语)

2009—2010学年度下学期高一英语单元测试（4）本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分，考试时间120分钟。

第一卷（三部分，共115分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节：(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话读1遍。

1．How much is the red dictionary?A．20 yuan. B．22 yuan. C．11 yuan.2．What does the woman suggest?A．She suggests he relax a while.B．She suggests she keep him from harm.C．She suggests he take the test.3．Where are the two speakers?A．In a police station B．In a supermarket C．In a bar4．What is the woman's feeling towards her work?A．She is disappointed. B．She is excited. C．She is satisfied.5．How much might a new car cost?A．＄920. B．＄1100. C．＄1020.第二节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话或独白后，每小题将有10秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读2遍。

听下面一段材料，回答第6～8题。

6．For how long is each student allowed to use the computer a day?A．One hour B．Several minutes C．A couple of hours7．How do some students feel about their keeping machines a bit longer?A．They feel angry B．They don't care C．They feel happy8．What do the speakers plan to do tomorrow?A．Write a noticeB．Forbid students to use the computersC．Solve the problem听下面一段材料，回答第9～11题。

2010年考研英语一text4

2010年考研英语一text4阅读理解部分，主要围绕着“大学向社会招生”的话题展开，文章分为三个部分进行讨论。

文章以英国大学总招生人数增加为例，论证了大学向社会招生的必要性，并结合具体事例和数据进行了论证。

文章还指出了目前大学向社会招生存在的问题，并给出了解决问题的建议。

整体来说，文章的论证逻辑清晰，观点明确，文笔流畅，值得一读。

正文：1. 论证大学向社会招生的必要性文章首先以英国大学总招生人数增加为例，指出了大学向社会招生的必要性。

作者提到，英国大学一直在积极向社会招生，尤其是向那些原本无法进入大学的学生招生。

这不仅有助于提高社会的整体文化素质，同时也能够带动经济的发展。

作者还引用了一些数据，譬如去年有多少人通过这种方式进入大学，这种做法对社会各个方面都有着积极的影响。

2. 目前大学向社会招生存在的问题文章转到了目前大学向社会招生存在的问题。

作者指出，虽然大学向社会招生有诸多好处，但也存在一些问题。

大学向社会招生可能导致招生标准的不一致，一些没有真正能力的学生也能通过这种方式进入大学；社会上也存在一些机构专门利用这种方式进行招生，不但损害了公平性，还对社会造成了一定的不良影响。

3. 给出解决问题的建议文章给出了解决问题的建议。

作者认为，大学向社会招生本身并没有错，问题出在招生标准不一、缺乏监管等方面。

作者建议大学应该对向社会招生进行更加严格的管理；社会也应该加强对这方面的监管，避免一些不法机构利用这种方式谋取私利。

通过这些努力，大学向社会招生不仅可以继续存在，还能够更好地为社会服务。

总结：2010年考研英语一text4阅读理解部分的文章论证了大学向社会招生的必要性，同时也指出了目前存在的问题，并给出了解决问题的建议。

文章的论证逻辑清晰，观点明确，结构合理，文笔流畅，值得一读。

通过阅读这篇文章，读者不仅能够了解大学向社会招生的重要性，还能够对如何解决目前存在的问题有所启发。

尊敬的各位读者：我们继续深入讨论大学向社会招生的必要性和存在的问题，并就解决问题的建议展开更为详细和全面的探讨。

每日鲜活英语4月19日

每日鲜活英语4月19日：心系玉树雪降玉树灾区Snow hits quake-stricken Yushu玉树藏族自治区突降风雪 A flurry of snow hit the Tibetan Autonomous Region of Yushu in northwestern China's Qinghai Province Saturday noon,加重了地震幸存者痛苦 aggravating the misery endured by survivors of the earthquake.学校在预制房中复课 Classes resume in prefab house震灾区悲伤孩子们 heart-broken children in earthquake-ravaged Yushu.校园集合 gathered on campus唱国歌 sang the national anthem多数房屋倒塌 toppling most houses （topple vt. 推翻）学校有165名学生 has an enrolment of 165 students,从一年级到9年级 ranging from first through ninth grades教室和宿舍坍塌 Classroom and dormitory buildings collapsed胡主席临时医院安慰受伤女孩卓玛President Hu Jintao comforts injured girl Drolma at a makeshift hospital号召救援人员不要放松搜救幸存者called on rescuers not to let up in their search for survivors. 珍惜每一个生命 We treasure every life每日鲜活英语10年4月16日：玉树地震At this difficult time, I need to return to China as soon as possible and join the people in disaster relief: President HU 在此困难时刻，我要和我的人们在一起First priority is to save people: Premier Wen 救人第一位缩短原计划访问南美主要国家的行程 cut short his planned tour of key South American nations 提早回国 head home early after the BRIC summit更好地指导救灾 better direct disaster relief（委内瑞拉领导人）表达地震遇难者的沉重哀悼 expressed deep condolence for quake victims教师徒手从废墟中解救学生 Teachers dig by hand to pull students from ruins of schooldig with their bare hands through concrete ruins to rescue their students trapped below.得不到及时医疗救助 couldn't get immediate treatmentThe other 27 students gathered on the campus playground, but the wounded kids couldn't get immediate treatment. We just don't have such medical supplies here震中 epicenter7.1级的地震 the 7.1-magnitude earthquake困于废墟中 trapped in the debris生还希望较低 have a slim chance of survival,埋在倒塌的建筑或墙下 were buried under the collapsed buildings or walls,"老师的手被划破了，血渍到处都是 The ruins scratched many teachers' hands, leaving bloodstains everywhere,"急需大型挖掘机 Large-scale excavating machines are in great need to save lives迎着强风，高原反应在余震中搜救幸存者 battled strong winds and altitude sickness amid aftershocks to reach survivors Thursdayfighting against altitude sickness, chilly weather, strong winds and frequent aftershocks Thursday to dig through rubble （碎石）and reach survivorsMore than 15,000 residential buildings （居民建筑）- or 85 percent of all homes, mostly mud-and-wood structures（泥木结构） - have been flattened（夷为平地）, and 100,000 people have been made homeless,运输帐篷，棉被其他的救灾物资到灾区 transport tents, quilts and other relief materials to the regionmany survivors spent Wednesday night in the freezing open air （寒冷的露天过夜）监督救灾行动 supervise rescue operations资源减少 resources have become scarcer even as people and supplies poured in by road and air. 寻求暂时避难 sought temporary refuge地方医院限于瘫痪，外地的医疗队伍招架不住 local hospitals were not operational and medics from outside were overwhelmed聚集在加油站焦急等待给摩托车加油 crowded around gas stations, eager to fill up their motorbikes挖掘机 excavators 铁铲 shovels身着红色僧服的藏族喇嘛也加入到搜救活动中 Tibetan monks dressed in maroon robes, too, joined residents and rescuers to search for people buried in the debris in Gyegu.Premier Wen:加强医疗护理 strengthen medical care,保障当地人民的基本生活 ensure the basic livelihood of local people,恢复基础设施 rebuild infrastructure,提防余震 guard against aftershocks公开发布信息 release information openly.地形复杂，后勤跟不上阻碍救援Terrain, logistics impede rescue1. Many rescuers and trained dogs working in the quake zone were suffering from altitude sickness （救援人员和搜救犬产生高原反应）2. The second difficulty is the complicated geographic conditions （复杂的地理环境） in Yushu, which pose a obstacle to transportation for rescue workers, Miao said.3. The logistical supplies at the locale are very limited, （当地后勤保障有限），rescue teams have to rely on themselves to survive.4. In cold weather with less oxygen, the blood vessels of injured people may constrict, causing the injured body part to die （天气冷，缺氧，伤员血管可能收缩，导致受伤部位坏死）5. Furthermore, patients' kidneys will start failing 病人会开始肾衰6. 带沙子的风也影响了手术后病人的恢复 the dusty wind in Yushu also impedes the recovery of surgical patients每日鲜活英语10年4月15日：珍惜手中权力，千万别乱用珍惜手中权力，千万别乱用cherish, don't abuse, the powers given to you.重庆公安局副局长 deputy director of Chongqing public security bureau重庆司法局局长 the director of the municipality's justice bureau直辖市 municipality'打黑行动 the gang-crushing operation/ the gang-sweeping operation受审的最高官员 the most senior official convicted老百姓拍手称快 the crowd burst into applause上诉 appeal the sentence没有精神 soulless-looking判决 verdict收受贿赂 take/accept bribes财物 urrencies and assets给黑社会充当保护伞 provided protection/ were also convicted of protecting gangs包庇纵容黑社会从事违法犯罪活动 connived with the gangsters in crimes开赌场 running gambling dens,组织卖淫 organizing prostitution贩毒 drug businesses垄断猪肉市场 monopolizing the pork market.According to the verdict, Wen accepted 756,500 yuan ($110,800 yuan) including currencies and assets converted, of bribes from five convicted organized gangs from 2003 to 2008, and provided protection and connived with the gangsters in crimes ranging from running gambling dens, prostitution and drug businesses to monopolizing the pork market.收网了3000黑社会嫌疑分子 netted as many as 3,000 suspected gangstersChongqing's stormy gang-crushing operation netted as many as 3,000 suspected gangsters, many of whom were respected businessmen or politicians, and about 50 legal officials.给他行贿了 420,000 获得快速晋升bribed him with 420,000 yuan to get quick promotions强奸女大学生 found guilty of raping a female college student.该判决给所有的警察敲响了警钟 -- 珍惜手中权力，千万别乱用 The verdict has sounded an alarm to all police officials -- cherish, don't abuse, the powers given to you.每日鲜活英语10年4月11：愁啊愁，愁白了国人的头普通中国人愁啊：愁教育，愁工作，愁关系，愁房子，愁爱情，愁孩子教育等等。

中国移动-2010年12580生活播报媒体说明书：微媒体、大影响、高互动、强注意

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zzzzzzzzz 12580生活播报是什么？
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在中国移劢、中国电信、中国联通三大运营商中，中国移劢现
…… ……
【囧事晒场】 158生活播报6616：今天，我第N次被我妈妈反锁在家，我打了无数通电话给她，终亍接通癿时候，她告诉我：“等会，我再唱一首歌。”（老妈正在KTV欢唱中） 136生活播报0394：从海南回北京，在机场叏行李时，収现徆多人一边等行李，一边捡起散落在传送带上癿荔枝吃，我当然也加入其中。正吃癿高共时，看见了我癿行李，同时収现我用来托运荔枝癿箱子破了一个大洞 …… ^
有手机用户觃模已超过5亿，中国电信
手机用户觃模近5700 万，中国联通手机用户觃模近1.5亿
12580生活播报是中国移劢现有手机媒体中觃模最大癿广告平台；移劢梦网，手机报（觃避商业广告），小区短信（已兰闭商业运营）等业务也是手机媒体平台

2010年考研英语(一)阅读 text 4 精读精讲

2010年考研英语(一)阅读text 4 精读精讲全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12010年考研英语(一)阅读text 4 精读精讲Text 4Scientific EnglishThe English language is often called the lingua franca of science, meaning that it is the language of choice for scientists worldwide to communicate their research findings. This is largely due to historical reasons, with scientific breakthroughs in the 17th and 18th centuries originating in English-speaking countries such as England and the United States. As a result, scientific journals in English became the preferred medium for publishing research.However, the dominance of English in scientific communication has raised concerns about the spread of English as a global language and the potential loss of linguistic diversity in scientific discourse. Some argue that non-native English speakers may face disadvantages in publishing their research inEnglish-language journals, as they may struggle with the nuances and conventions of scientific English.Despite these concerns, English remains the dominant language in the scientific community, with researchers from all over the world using it as a common language to exchange ideas and collaborate on research projects. As a result, it is essential for scientists to develop proficiency in scientific English to effectively communicate their research findings to a global audience.One way to improve scientific English skills is to attend workshops and training sessions that focus on writing and presenting scientific research in English. These programs provide guidance on grammar, vocabulary, and style, as well as tips on how to structure scientific papers and deliver presentations effectively. Additionally, researchers can benefit from editing services that help polish their work and ensure that it adheres to the standards of scientific English.In conclusion, scientific English plays a crucial role in facilitating communication and collaboration among researchers worldwide. While concerns about linguistic diversity and language barriers persist, English remains the dominant language in the scientific community. Therefore, researchers must strive to enhance their proficiency in scientific English toeffectively communicate their research findings and contribute to the advancement of science.以上为对Text 4的精读精讲，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。

2010年12月18日英语四级考试答案与解析(完整版)

1．A) People instinctively seek nature in different ways.
解析：第一段最后一句直接给出关键字profound belief, whether引导的从句对应答案中的instinctively
2．D) Things that are purchased.
16. A) Switch off the refrigerator for a while.
B) Have someone repair the refrigerator.
C) Ask the man to fix the refrigerator.
D) Buy a refrigerator of better quality.
Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).
像这样子的模板能够帮助无话可说，或者说英语表达能力比较弱的同学迅速找到思路，只需要填入关键的字词就可以完成作文。
14分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。(注:白卷,作文与题目毫不相关,或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。)
特别注意:千万别跑题了，不然分数一定极其低。
PartⅡ
Reading Comprehension（Skimming and Scanning）
The quality of independence is so indispensable for us that parents had better act as a tutor, not a dictator. And only with parents’trust, can the next generation accumulate confidence step by step.

英语学习报刊第四期

不求快，不求多，不间断“昨天给你的钱干什么了？”“我给了一个可怜的老太婆，”他回答说。

“你真是个好孩子，”妈妈骄傲地说。

“再给你两分钱。

可你为什么对那位老太太那么感兴趣呢？” “她是个卖糖果的。

”A woman was singing. One of the guest criticized the singer tothe man beside him."What a terrible voice." He said. "Do you know who she is?" "Yes." the man beside him answered. "She is my wife.""Oh, I'm sorry." he said. "Of course her voice is not bad, but the song is too bad. I wonder who wrote that awful song." "I did." said the man.巧合台上一个女士正在放声高歌，台下的一个听众跟他旁边的一个男人抱怨说， “这是什么嗓子啊？你知道她是谁吗？” 那个男人回答，“她是我老婆。

”“哦，抱歉，抱歉，我的意思是说她嗓子不差，就是曲子太难听了。

我真是想不到谁会写出这么难听的曲子呢？” 那个男人回答，“是我写的！”XIAZHONGNXUEXIBAO总编辑：方雪莲青春意味着战胜懦弱的那股大丈夫气概和摈弃安逸的那种冒险精神。

往往一个60岁的老者比一个20岁的青年更多一点这种劲头。

人老不仅仅是岁月流逝所致，更主要的是不思进取的结果。

Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of sixty more than a boy of twenty. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌，然后在某个不经意的瞬间，你会发现，原本是费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就那么忘记了。

雅思写作词汇

学术类写作TASK120分钟，写出至少150个单词。

TASK1要求根据图表或一些数据（曲线图、表格），把有关内容写成一段文字。

评估项目：组织能力、呈现方式、数据比较、叙述程序、描述一件物品或事物的能力，或说明一样东西工作原理的能力。

TASK240分钟，写出至少250个单词。

TASK2要求考生针对一个看法、论点或问题作答。

评估项目：提出解决方案的能力、据理说明观点的能力、对比证据和意见的能力，以及针对观点、证据、论证进行评估与提出质疑的能力。

雅思写作考场必备词汇diagramdatagraphtablechartorganizecompare datadescribe the stages of a processdescribe an objectdescribe an eventexplain how something workscandidateassessmentpresent the information in ones own wordsacademic writing剑六Test1WRITINGW R I T I N G T A S K1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water consumption in two different countries.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.Global water use by sectorWater consumption in Brazil and Congo in 2000Country Population IrrigatedlandWater consumption per personBrazil 176 million 26,500 km2359m3 DemocracticRepublicof Congo5.2 million 100 km28 m3雅思小作文真题范文：咖啡的制作The diagram shows the stages in the process of making chocolate.Chocolate comes from the cacao tree, which is grown in parts of South America, Africa and Indonesia. The tree produces large red pods which contain white cocoa beans. Firstly, when the pods are ripe, they are harvested, the beans are removed and they are fermented for several days in large wooden boxes. During the fermenting process, the beans turn brown.Next, the brown beans are spread in the sun to dry. They are then put in large sacks and transported by train or lorry. After this, the beans are taken to a chocolate factory where they are roasted in an oven at temperatures of between 250 and 350 degree Celsius.After being roasted, the beans are crushed and the outer shell is removed. This part is not needed for making chocolate. Finally, the inner part of the bean is pressed and liquid chocolate is produced.WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and not the real needs of the society in which they are sold.To what extent do you agree or disagree?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.2009年1月10日Some people believe that the range of technology available to individuals today is increasing the gap between poor people and rich people. Others think it is having the opposite effect. What is your opinion?2009年1月15日Students at schools and universities learn far more from lessons with teachers than from others sources (such as the Internet or television).To what extent do you agree or disagree?2009年1月17日Today, people can work and live anywhere they want to because of the improvement of communication technology and transport. Do advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?下午2009年2月7日Rich countries often give financial aid to poor countries, but it does not solve the poverty. Therefore, rich countries should give other types of help to the poor countries rather than the financial aid. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2009年2月12日Development in technology causes environmental problems. Some people believe the solution to these problems is that everyone accepts a simpler way of life while others say that technology can solve these problems. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2009年2月21日Some people think that the environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve while others think that individuals can solve these environmental problems if they take some action. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2009年2月28日Some people believe that to improve public health, the government should increase the number of sports facilities. Others believe that that it has little effects and we need other measures to improve it. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2009年3月5日Newspapers have an enormous influence on people’s opinions and ideas. Why is this the case and do you think it is a positive or a negative situation?2009年3月7日Some people think music plays an important role in society. Others think it is simply a form of entertainment. Discuss both sides of this argument and give your own opinion.2009年3月14日More and more students choose to go to another country for their higher education. Do you think the benefits outweigh the problems associated with it?2009年3月21日Some people think that to prevent illnesses, it is more important for the government to spend public money on promoting healthy lifestyles than to spend it on the treatment of people who are already ill. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2009年4月4日Nowadays，people live in societies where consumer goods are cheaper. Do you think its advantages outweigh disadvantages?2009年4月18日If a produc t is good or it meets people’s needs, people will buy it. Advertising is unnecessary and is no more than a form of entertainment. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2009年4月25日Some people think that computers and the Internet are more important to a child's education than going to school. However, others believe that schools and teachers are essential for children to learn effectively. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2009年4月30日Some people think museums should be enjoyable places to attract and entertain people. But others think the purpose of museums is to educate, not to entertain.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2009年5月9日Some people believe that teenagers should take all school subjects. However, others believe that teenagers should focus on the subject that they are best at or that they find most interesting. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.2009年5月16日It has been believed that people who read books for pleasure have developed better imagination and language skills than people who preferto watch TV for fun. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2009年5月21日A hundred years ago, people think that the human race is steadily improving in every area of life. Now it seems this is not the case in many areas. In what areas do you think we have made important progress? In what areas do you think we still need to make progress?2009年5月30日Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) are the main sources of energy in many countries. But in some countries the use of alternative sources of energy (wind energy and solar energy) are encouraged. To what extent do you think this is a positive development?2009年6月11日Some food travels thousands of miles from farms to consumers. Some people think it would be better to our environment and the economy if people only eat locally-produced food. To what extent do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?2009年6月13日Some research reports suggest that the majority of criminals who were sent to prison would commit crimes again when they are set free. What do you think of these reports? What can be done to solve this problem?Some people believe that those who are not talented in language learning should not be required to learn a foreign language. What is your opinion?2009年6月27日Developing countries often request help from international organizations. Some people think that financial aid is important. However, others believe that practical aid or advice is more important. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.2009年7月4日Money for postgraduate research is limited. Therefore，some people think financial support from the government should only be provided for scientific research by postgraduate students rather than their research on less useful subjects. Do you agree or disagree?2009年7月11日Many people think companies and individuals, instead of governments, should pay for reducing the pollution they have produced. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2009年7月23日Some people are optimistic about the 21st century and see it as an opportunity to make positive changes to the world. To what extent do you agree?Some people think students should go to boarding schools instead of living at home. Do you agree or disagree?2009年8月8日The development of technology has changed the way that people interact with each other. In which ways does it change the type of relationship that people build with each other? Does this have positive or negative effect on society?2009年8月13日The subjects and course contents for children are decided by the authorities, such as the central government. Some people think that teachers should decide these for students. To what extent do you agree of disagree with this opinion?2009年8月22日The news media are increasingly influential today. To what extent do you think this is a positive development?2009年8月29日When we travel to foreign countries, we tend to see the same things as we see in our home countries. What are the causes of this phenomenon and do you think this is positive or negative?Some people think that students should go to university for further education. However, some others claim that students should go to learn skills such as fixing cars or construction. What is you opinion?2009年9月12日Care for children is an important thing of the society. It is suggested that all mothers and fathers should be required to take childcare training courses. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2009年9 月17日Do you think giving criminals longer terms in prison is a good way to reduce crimes?2009年10月8日Some people think family members have stronger influence on children than teachers and friends. Do you agree?2009年10月10日Some people think the production of consumer goods damages the environment. Do you agree or disagree?2009年10月24日Some people think university education should prepare students for employment while others think it should help students acquire theoretical knowledge. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.Environmental problems are too serious for individuals to solve. Only governments and big companies can solve them. Do you agree?2009年11月7日There is a higher rate of juvenile delinquency（youth crime）today. What are the causes and what are your solutions?2009年11月14日Professionals such as doctors, nurses and teachers should be paid more than sports and entertainment personalities. To what extent do you agree?2009年11月18日Some people think governments should introduce new technology to improve the lives in developing countries while others think they should provide free education for developing countries to achieve that. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2009年11月21日International organizations have failed to help everyone who needs help so they should only focus on helping the communities in their own countries. To what extent do you agree?2009年12月3日Some people prefer to have temporary jobs and only work for a few months in a year and then use the rest of time to do what they wish todo. To what extent do you think the advantages of doing this outweigh the disadvantages?2009年12月5日In the past, people repaired broken items and continued to use them. But nowadays people throw away things that are broken. What are the causes of this phenomenon and what are its effects?2009年12月12日Only employees can benefit from working at home, but not employers. Do you agree or disagree?2010年1月9日Some people think charitable organizations should help people in their own country while others think they should help those in the greatest need, no matter where they are. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2010年1月14日Some people think the government，instead of private companies，should be responsible for scientific research. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2010年1月23日The gap between the wealthy people and the poor people is increasing. What are the causes of this problem and what are the solutions to this problem?There is an increasing amount of anti-social behavior and lack of respect for others. What are the causes of this problem and what are your solutions?2010年2月6日Air travel only brings advantages to the rich people. But the majority of people do not benefit from it. To what extent do you agree?2010年2月20日Economic development has caused some traditional values to be lost. To what extent do the disadvantages outweigh the advantages?2010年2月27日Technological progress in the last century had negative effect, despite its remarkable contribution to human society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2010年3月6日The life expectancy is longer in many countries, which is causing problems for society. What kinds of effect does this situation have on individuals and society as a whole?2010年3月18日Some people think zoos are cruel and all the zoos should be closed. Some other people think zoos are useful for the protection of the rare animals. Discuss both views and give your opinion.With the technology developing rapidly, machines are used widely in our lives. To what extent do the advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages?2010年3月27日Many children prefer to watch TV rather than to do creative things. Why is this case? How can we solve this problem?2010年4月17日Some people think the government should help citizens adopt healthy lifestyles while others think citizens should live in ways they like. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2010年4月24日It has been suggested that everyone in the world wants to own a car, a TV and a fridge. Do you think the disadvantage of such social development outweighs the advantage?。

全国2010年4月高等教育自学考试英语阅读试题

全国2010年4月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)试题I. CAREFUL READINGRead the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.A head track coach, Bill Bowerman, designed a pair of lighter shoes with better support and greater strength and sent the design to leading sporting-goods companies. They all turned him down.The rejections brought Bowerman face to face with his own philosophy of“competitive response.”He had taught his sportsmen to value competition not so much for its prizes as for its intellectual and spiritual satisfaction. This was true of his determination to make the shoes himself.He made his first pair of track shoes light and graceful. His runners won in his hand-made shoes. But who would like to manufacture such shoes?In 1962, Knight, one of Bowerman’s sportsmen, offered to travel to Japan and called on one of Japan’s best manufacturers of sports shoes. The manufacturer promised to produce shoes of his design and Knight’s company would be their only distributor in the U.S. A year later, a shipment of 200 Bowerman shoes arrived in Oregon.At first, Knight and Bowerman worked with a small team and went selling out of cars at track meets. But slowly, the running world got to know the secret of their product.Then in 1972, the Japanese company cut off all supplies to their company and established a separate distribution network in the U.S. In 30 days Knight succeeded in finding a new manufacturer. And today the company takes the largest share in the shoe business. You ask me the brand name of the shoes? It’s Nike, named after the Greek Goddess of Victory.Bowerman, Knight and the Nike team have a firm belief that a shared responsibility requires outstanding individual performance and a willingness to contribute that performance to the group.1. The new track shoes designed by Bowerman ______.A. helped develop his team’s athletic skillsB. helped improve his runners’ performanceC. opened up the Japanese sports shoes marketD. opened up the American sports shoes market2. Bowerman’s response to competition is related to sportsmen’s ______.A. team spiritB. spiritual needsC. material rewardsD. prize winning3. According to the passage, Bowerman shoes were first sold by ______.A. the shoe manufacturer in JapanB. Knight, Bowerman and their teamC. a leading sporting-goods company in JapanD. a leading sporting-goods company in America4. The difficulty Knight ran into in 1972 arose from ______.A. the rejection of the shoe designB. the quality problem of the shoesC. the competition from other companiesD. the Japanese company’s new decision5. The success of the Nike team lies in ______.A. the manufacturer’s philosophyB. the fashionable design of the shoesC. their cooperation with a foreign companyD. their individual performance and teamworkPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structures that were primarily functional, carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages. During the first half of the eighteenth century, however, houses began to show a new elegance. As wealth increased, more and more colonists built fine houses.Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, the design of buildings was left to carpenters who undertook to interpret architectural manuals imported from England. There are an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders in colonial libraries, and the houses erected during the eighteenth century show their influence. Most domestic architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displayed a wide range of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.Increasing wealth throughout the colonies resulted in houses of improved design, whether the material was wood, stone or brick. New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and other towns, where the danger of fire forced people to use more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of stone, but only in Pennsylvania and its neighboring areas was stone widely used in dwellings. An increased use of bricks is noticeable in Virginia and Maryland, but wood remained the most popular material even in houses built by wealthy landowners. In the Carolinas, even in the crowded town of Charleston, wooden houses were much more common than brick houses.Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvements over their predecessors. Windows were made larger and shutters removed. Large, clear panes replaced the gray glass of the seventeenth century. Doorways were larger and more decorative. Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls were sometimes elaborately decorated. White paint began to take the place of blue, yellow, green and gray colors, which had been popular for walls in the earlier years. After about 1730, advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to appear in colonial newspapers.6. The passage mainly discusses ______.A. the improved design of the 18th century colonial housesB. the role of carpenters in building the 18th century housesC. the varieties of decorations used in the 18th century housesD. a comparison of the 18th century houses and modern houses7. Those responsible for designing houses in the 18th century North America were ______.A. customersB. carpentersC. interior decoratorsD. professional architects8. Stones were commonly used to build houses in ______.A. VirginiaB. BostonC. CharlestonD. Pennsylvania9. The word“predecessors”(para. 4) refers to ______.A. colonists in the 17th centuryB. wooden houses in CharlestonC. houses before the 18th centuryD. interior improvements in houses10. It can be inferred from the 4th paragraph that before 1730 ______.A. patterned wallpaper was not widely usedB. pattemed wallpaper was not used in stone housesC. wallpaper samples could be found in librariesD. wallpaper was the same color as the wall paintsPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.The universities from which today’s univers ities are descendents were founded in the Middle Ages. They were established either by corporations of students wanting to learn, as in Italy, or by teachers wanting to teach, as in France. Corporations that had special legal or customary privileges for the purpose of carrying out the intentions of the incorporators were common in those days. The university corporations of the Middle Ages at the height of their power were not responsible to anybody, and could not be punished by any authorities. They claimed, and made good their claim, complete independence of all religious and nonreligious control. The American university was, however, at first a corporation formed by a religious group or by the state for the purposes of the group.The American university in the seventeenth century was much closer to the American university today than to the university in the Middle Ages. The Puritan communities needed ministers and professional men and so they established universities to provide them. Later, religious groups built universities in order to extend their own influence. For example, the University of Chicago was founded by devout (虔诚的) Baptists to combat the rising tide of Methodism in the Middle West and Shakers in the East. The president and the trustees of the University were required to have the proper religious relations in order to keep the University on the right path. Fortunately, the combination of John D, Rockefeller, William Rainey Harper, and the enlightened wing of the Baptist Church preserved the university from too narrow an interpretation of its purpose.11. French universities in the Middle Ages were founded by ______.A. the governmentB. groups of scholarsC. the Catholic ChurchD. students wanting to learn12. Puritans set up universities primarily for the purpose of ______.A. training school teachersB. influencing the governmentC. providing ministers and professionalsD. supplying professionals for corporations13. The University of Chicago was established by ______.A. ShakersB. PuritansC. MethodistsD. Baptists14. The writer mentions John D. Rockefeller and William Rainey Harper to show that ______.A. they were important founders of the universityB. they were extremely faithful in their religious beliefsC. they broadened the original goal of the universityD. they stuck to the founding principles of the university15. Early universities in the U.S. were founded mostly for ______.A. economic reasonsB. political reasonsC. religious purposesD. academic purposesPassage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the foliowing passage.If you are looking for an explanation of why we don’t get tou gh with criminals, you need only look at the numbers. Each year almost a third of the households in America are victims of violence or theft. This amounts to more than 41 million crimes, many more than we are able to punish. There are also too many crimina ls. We don’t have room for any more!The painful fact is that the more crime there is, the less we are able to punish it. We think that punishment prevents crime, but it just might be the other way around. When there is so much crime it is simply impossible to deal with it or punish it. This is the situation we find ourselves in today: the gradual increase in the criminal population has made it more difficult to get into prison. Some of the most exclusive prisons now require about five serious crimes before a criminal is accepted.These features show that it makes little sense to blame the police or judges for being soft on criminals. There is not much else they can do. The police can’t find most criminals and those they do find are difficult and costly to convict. Those convicted can’t all be sent to prison. The public demands that we do everything we can against crime. The practical reality is that there is very little the police, courts or prisons can do about the crime problem.We could, of course, get tough with the people we already have in prison and keep them locked up for longer periods of time. Yet when measured against the lower crime rates this would probably produce, longer prison sentences are not worth the cost to states and local governments. Besides, those states that have tried to gain voters’approval for building new prisons often discover that the public is unwilling to pay for prison constructions. And if it were willing to pay,long prison sentences may not be effective in reducing crime.More time spent in prison is also more expensive. The best estimates are that it costs an average of $13,000 to keep a person in prison for one year. If we had a place to keep the 124,000 released prisoners, it would have cost us $1.6 billion to prevent 15,000 crimes. This works out to more than $100,000 per crime prevented. But there is more. With the average cost of prison construction running around $50,000 per bed, it would cost more than $6 billion to build the necessary cells. The first-year operating cost would be $150,000 per crime prevented, worth it ifthe victim were you or me, but much too expensive to be feasible as a national policy.Faced with the reality of the numbers, I will not be so foolish as to suggest a solution to the crime problem. My contribution to the public debate begins and ends with this simple observation: getting tough with criminals is not the answer.16. By saying“it just might be the other way around”(para. 2), the writer means ______.A. severe punishment lowers crime ratesB. soft measures lead to the rise of crime ratesC. easy policies are more effective than strict onesD. the increase in crime makes punishment difficult17. It is wrong to blame the police or judges for not being hard on criminals partly because ______.A. trials are expensiveB. criminals are very dangerousC. the police force is weakD. the public fill to support the court18. The cost for constructing prisons is ______.A. $13,000 per bedB. $50,000 per bedC. $100,000 per bedD. $150,000 per bed19. The writer of the passage bases his argument mainly upon ______.A. statistical evidenceB. public opinionsC. criminal psychologyD. personal experience20. The tone of the passage isA. playfulB. seriousC. satiricalD. angryII. SPEED READINGSkim or scan the following passages, and then decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each)Passage 5Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Joyce Carol Oates published her first collection of short stories, By the North Gate, in 1963, two years after she had received her master’s degree from the University of Wisconsin and became an instructor of English at the University of Detroit. Her productivity since then has been tremendous, accumulating in less than two decades up to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays, and literary criticism. In the meantime, she has continued to teach, moving in 1967 from the University of Detroit to the University of Windsor in Ontario, and in 1978, to Princeton University. Reviewers have admired her enormous energy, but they also find such a large body of writing very amazing.In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth, Donald Barthelme, and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on depicting the world as it is. Hers is a world of violence, insanity, fractured love, and hopeless loneliness. Although some of it appears to come from her personal observations, her dreams and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of others. Her first novel, With Shuddering Fall (1964), dealt with stock ear racing, though she had neverseen a race. In Them (1964) she focused on Detroit from the Depression through the riots of 1967, drawing much of her material from the deep impression made on her by the problems of one of her students. Whatever the source is and however shocking the events or the motivations are, her fictional world nonetheless remains strikingly related to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news, talk shows and the popular magazines of our day.21. The passage is mainly an introduction to Oates’s ______.A. careerB. childhoodC. By the North GateD. contemporary writers22. The passage tells us that Joyce Carol Oates’s first publication was ______.A. unsuccessfulB. published in 1965C. a volume of short fictionsD. about an English instructor23. The most striking feature of Joyce Carol Oates’s work is her ______.A. realismB. radicalismC. imaginationD. conservatism24. The subject of Joyce Carol Oates’s first novel is ______.A. teachingB. lonelinessC. car racingD. hopelessness25. The author mentions Oates’s book Them because it is ______.A. an autobiographyB. her best piece of nonfictionC. a typical novel of the 1960sD. not based on her experiencesPassage 6Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Cliff House has gone through five major constructions and reconstructions since its beginning in 1858. That year, Samuel Brannan, a prosperous man from Maine, bought for $1,500 the lumber from a ship that wrecked on the cliffs below. With this material he built the first Cliff House. The second Cliff House was built for Captain Junius G. Foster, but as it was a long difficult trip from the city, the house hosted mostly horseback riders, small game hunters or picnickers on day outings. With the opening of a toll road a year later, the Cliff House became successful with the Carriage trade for Sunday travel. On weekends, there was little room at the Cliff House for horses and carriages. Soon, omnibus railways and streetcar lines made it to near Lone Mountain where passengers transferred to stagecoach lines to the beach. The growth of Golden Gate Park attracted beach travelers in search of meals and a look at the Sea Lions sunning themselves on Seal Rock, just off the cliffs to visit the area.In 1877, the toll road, now Geary Boulevard, was purchased by the City of San Francisco for around $25,000. In 1883, after a few years of downturn, the Cliff House was bought by Adolph Sutro, a multimillionaire who made his fortune from mining. After a few years of quiet management by J. M. Wilkens, the Cliff House was severely damaged by an explosion of the ship, which destroyed the northern part of the house. Seven years later, on Christmas 1894 the repaired old building burned down.In 1896, Adolph Sutro built a new Cliff House, a seven-story Victorian style castle, called by some“the Gingerbread Palace.”In the same year, work began on the famous Sutro Baths, which included six of the largest indoor swimming poolsnorth of the restaurant that included a museum, a skating rink and other pleasure grounds. Great throngs of San Franciscans arrived on steam trains, bicycles, carts and horse wagons on Sunday excursions.The Cliff House and Sutro Baths survived the 1906 earthquake with little damage but burned to the ground on the evening of September 7, 1907. Rebuilding of the restaurant was completed within two years and, with additions and modern restorations, is the one seen today.The building was acquired by the National Park Service in 1977 and it became part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. The site overlooks the Seal Rock and the former site of the Sutro Baths. More than thirty ships have been pounded to pieces on the southern shore of the Golden Gate below Cliff House.26. The story of Cliff House goes back to ______.A. 1858B. 1877C. 1894D. 190627. The second Cliff House was built for ______.A. J. M. WilkensB. Adolph SutroC. Samuel BrannanD. Junius G.Foster28. The Victorian style castle mentioned in the passage (para. 3) was ______.A. the first Cliff HouseB. the second Cliff HouseC. the third Cliff HouseD. the fourth Cliff House29. The Cliff House we see today was completed in ______.A. 1906B. 1907C. 1909D. 197730. The third Cliff House was eventually destroyed by ______.A. a fireB. an earthquakeC. shipwrecksD. an explosionIII. DISCOURSE CLOZEThe following is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces (there are more suggested answers than necessary). Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (l0 points, 1 point each)I am speaking not as a Briton, not as a European, not as a member of a western democracy, (31) ______. The world is full of conflicts: Jews and Arabs; Indians and Pakistanis, white men and Negroes in Africa; and, overshadowing all minor conflicts, the titanic struggle between communism and anticommunism.Almost everybody who is politically conscious has strong feelings about one or more of these issues; but I want you, if you can, to set aside such feelings for the moment and consider yourself only as a member of a biological species (32) ______. I shall try to say no single word which should appeal to one group rather than to another. All, equally, are in peril, and, if the peril is understood, there is hope that they may collectively avert it. We have to learn to think in a new way. (33) ______, for there no longer are such steps. The question we have to ask ourselves is: (34) ______?The general public, and even many men in positions of authority, have not realized what would be involved in a war with hydrogen bombs. The general public still thinks in terms of the obliteration (灭迹,消灭) of cities. It is understood thatthe new bombs are more powerful than the old and that, while one atomic bomb could obliterate Hiroshima, (35) ______. No doubt in a hydrogen-bomb war great cities would be obliterated. But this is one of the minor disasters thatwould have to be faced. If everybody in London, New York, and Moscow were exterminated, the world might, in the course of a few centuries, recover from the blow. But we now know, especially since the Bikini test, that hydrogen bombs can gradually spread destruction over a much wider area than had been supposed. It is stated on very good authority that a bomb can now be manufactured (36) ______. Such a bomb, if exploded near the ground or under water, sends radioactive particles into the upper air. They sink gradually and reach the surface of the earth in the form of a deadly dust or rain. It was this dust which infected the Japanese fishermen and their catch of fish although they were outside what American experts believed to be the danger zone. No one knows how widely such lethal (杀伤性的) radioactive particles might be diffused, but the best authorities are unanimous in (37) ______. It is feared that if many hydrogen bombs are used, there might be universal death.Here, then, is the problem which I present to you, stark and dreadful and inescapable: (38) ______? People will not face this alternative because it is so difficult to abolish war. (39) ______. But what perhaps impedes understanding of the situation more than anything else is that the term “mankind”feels vague and abstract. People scarcely realize in imagination that the danger is to themselves and their children and their grandchildren, and not only to a dimly apprehended humanity. And so they hope that perhaps war may be allowed to continue provided modern weapons are prohibited. I am afraid this hope is illusory. Whatever agreements not to use hydrogen bombs had been reached in time of peace, they would no longer be considered binding in time of war, and both sides would set to work to manufacture hydrogen bombs (40) ______, for if one side manufactured the bombs and the other did not, the side that manufactured them would inevitably be victorious.(From Shall We Choose Death?)A. saying that a war with hydrogen bombs is quite likely to put an end to the human raceB. which will be 25,000 times as powerful as that which destroyed HiroshimaC. What steps can be taken to prevent a military contest of which the issue must be disastrous to all sidesD. The abolition of war will demand distasteful limitations of national sovereigntyE. Shall we choose death because we cannot forget our quarrelsE Shall we put an end to the human race or shall mankind renounce warG as soon as war broke outH. but as a human being, a member of the species Man, whose continued existence is in doubtI. one hydrogen bomb could obliterate the largest cities such as London, New York, and MoscowJ. which has had a remarkable history and whose disappearance none of us can desireK. We have to learn to ask ourselves not what steps can be taken to give military victory to whatever group we preferIV. WORD FORMATIONSComplete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in the bracket. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (l0 points, 1 point each )41. (short) The new procedure could______hospital stays by two to three days.42. (adequate) Normally, three staff members are enough to handle new business, but obviously are ______now.43. (employ) An application form calls for details of residence, ______, social security, and family matters.44. (present) The ______ of the TV camera crew outside clearly shows that the press must have beeninformed in advance.45. (attract) In modern families, kitchen utensils are expected to be ______ as well as functional.46. (minor) In America each house of Congress has two party committees, one set up by the majority partyand the other by the ______ party.47. (just) The ______ treatment to the blacks in the 1960s led to a series of uprisings in the UnitedStates.48. (various) The newly enrolled servicemen are from a ______ of backgrounds as required by the general.49. (pain) It is rather ______ to travel in summer by train for it is very crowded and withoutair-conditioning.50. (able) Recent innovations with computer aided design ______ us to produce magazines which aremore creative, efficient and cost-effective.V. GAP FILLINGThe following is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary). Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each)She was one of those pretty and charming girls who are sometimes, as if by a (51) ______ of destiny, born into a family of clerks. She had no dowry, no expectations, no means of being known, understood, loved, or (52) ______ by any rich and distinguished man; and she let herself be married to a little clerk at the Ministry of Public Instruction.She dressed plainly because she could not dress well, but her unhappiness seemed to be (53) ______ than one might expect. She seemed to feel that she had fallen from her proper station in life as a woman of wealth, beauty, grace, and charm. She valued these (54) ______ in life, yet she could not attain them. She cared nothing for caste or rank but only for a natural fineness, an instinct (55) ______ what is elegant, and a suppleness of wit. These would have made her the equal of the greatest ladies of the land. If only she could attain them…She suffered, feeling born for all the delicacies and all the luxuries. She (56) ______ the poverty of her dwelling, from the wretched look of the walls, from the worn-out chairs, from the ugliness of the curtains. All those things, of which another woman of her rank would never even have been conscious, tortured her and made her angry. The sight of the little Breton peasant who did her humble housework aroused in her despairing regrets and distracted dreams. She thought of silent antechambers hung with Oriental tapestry, lit by tall bronze candelabra, and of two great footmen in knee breaches sleeping in big armchairs, made (57) ______ by the heavy warmth of the hot-air stove. She thought of long salons fitted up with ancient silk, of delicate furniture carrying priceless curiosities, and of coquettish perfumed boudoirs made for talks at five o’clock with intimate friends, with men famous and sought after, whom all women envy and whose attention they all desire.When she (58) ______ to dinner before the round table covered with a tablecloth three days old, opposite her husband, who declared with an enchanted air,“Ah, the good pot-au-feu! I don’t know anything better than that,”she (59) ______ best dinners, of shining silverware, of tapestry which peopled the walls with ancient personages with strange birds flying in the midst of a fairy forest; and she thought of delicious dishes served on marvelous plates, and of the whispered gallantries which you listened to with a sphinx-like smile (60) ______ you were eating the pink flesh of a trout or the wings of a quail.(From The Necklace)VI. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSThe following questions are based on Passage Four in this test paper. Read the passage carefully again and answer the questions briefly by referring back to Passage Four. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 5 points each)61. According to the author, why is it that getting tough with criminals cannot reduce crime rates?62. What reasons does the writer give to support his argument against keeping criminals longer in prison?VII. TRANSLATIONThe following excerpt is taken from the textbook. Read the paragraph carefully and translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlined parts. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 2 points each)(63) Enthusiasm about a job or project usually translates into positive energy. That is, if you are excited about a project, you will be anxious to get started and get results. (64) The mere fact of looking forward to your work will help make you more productive and effective. (65) You will plan more effectively and pay careful attention to detail. You will carry out your plan more carefully and aim for the best results possible. Another important point is that passionate people are usually those that are thrust into positions of leadership. A leader must inspire his troops. To inspire them, he needs to be enthusiastic. In leaders, this translates into charisma (个人魅力). (66) Being passionate about your work shows a willingness to do more and learn more. (67) This will definitely help you stand out from the crowd and get top management’s attention.(From Enthusiasm Leads to Success)。