六级考试标准阅读(18)(含答案)
2021 年 12 月英语六级阅读真题(第二套)
2021 年 12 ⽉真题（第⼆套）员⼯权益感、参与度和绩效：道德领导⼒的调节作⽤ Employee Entitlement, Engagement,and Performance: The Moderating Effect of Ethical LeadershipAccording to a recent study, a small but growing proportion of the workforce is affected to some degree by a sense of entitlement.Work is less about what they can contribute but more about what they can take.It can lead to workplace dysfunction and diminish their own job satisfaction.I'm not referring to employees who are legitimately dissatisfied with their employment conditions due to, say, being denied or flexible work practices.I'm talking about those who consistently believe they deserve special treatment and generous rewards.It's an expectation that exists irrespective of their abilities or levels of performance.As a result of that discrepancy between the privileges they feel they're 最近的⼀项研究显示，⼀⼩部分员⼯在某种程度上受到权益感的影响，⽽这种员⼯的数量正在增⻓。
2023年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案(第二套)
2023年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案（第二套）2023年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案第二套英语六级听力第二套1.A) Spending their holidays in a novel way.2. D) He once owned a van.3. A) Generate their own electricity.4.C) Enjoying the freedom to choose where to go and work.5. C) Her job performance has worsened over the past month.6.B) Some problems at home7. B) The womans work proficiency.8. C) The woman will be off work on the next two Mondays.9. D) It can enable us to live a healthier and longer life.10.B) The spouses level of education can impact oneshealth.11.A) They had more education than their spouses.12.C) Forecasting flood risks accurately.13.D) To improve his mathematical flooding model.14.A) To forecast rapid floods in real time.15.B) They set up Internet-connected water-level sensors.16.B) To argue about the value of a college degree.17.D) The factor of wages.18.A) The sharp decline in marriage among men with no college degrees.19.C) More and more people prioritize animal welfare when buying things to wear.20.D)Avoided the use of leather and fur.21.A)Whether they can be regarded as ethical.22.D) The era we live in is the most peaceful in history.23.C) They believed the world was deteriorating.24.B) Our psychological biases.25.A) Paying attention to negative information.翻译第二篇在中国，随着老龄化社会的到来，养老受到普遍关注。
大学英语六级考试（CET6）评分标准
大学英语六级级考试（大学英语六级级考试（CET6CET6CET6）评分标准：真相大揭秘）评分标准：真相大揭秘一、听力及阅读的标准分换算表（标准分（标准分==得分x10x0.35=101.5-248.5分）答错 答对 得分 标准分 答错 答对 得分 标准分 0 35 71 248.5 18 17 43 150.5 1 34 68 238 19 16 42 147 2 33 65 227.5 20 15 41 143.5 3 32 63 220.5 21 14 40 140 4 31 61 213.5 22 13 39 136.5 5 30 59 206.5 23 12 38 133 6 29 57 199.5 24 11 37 129.5 7 28 55 192.5 25 10 36 126 8 27 53 185.5 26 9 36 126 9 26 51 178.5 27 8 35 122.5 10 25 50 175 28 7 34 119 11 24 49 171.5 29 6 34 119 12 23 48 168 30 5 33 115.5 13 22 47 164.5 31 4 32 112 14 21 46 161 32 3 31 108.5 15 20 45 157.5 33 2 30 105 16 19 44 154 34 1 30 105 1718441543529101.5备注：○1听力理解包括短对话、长对话、短文理解、复合式听写：包括短对话、长对话、短文理解、复合式听写：其中短对话、长对话、短文理解共25题，每题算1个，共25个；复合式听写共11题，其中单词填写8题，每2题算1个，句子听写3题，每题算2个，共10个。
个。
○2阅读理解包括快速阅读、短剧问答和篇章阅读：包括快速阅读、短剧问答和篇章阅读：快速阅读共10题，每题算1个，共10个；短句问答共5题，每题算1个，共5个；篇章阅读共10题，每题算2个，共20个。
新汉语水平考试HSK6级试题
新汉语水平考试HSK（六级）注意一、H SK（六级）分为两部分：1.听力（50题，约35分钟）2.阅读（50题，50分钟）3.书写（1题，45分钟）二、听力结束后，有5分钟的时间填写答题卡。
三、全部考试约140分钟（含考生填写个人信息时间5分钟。
）班级：学生：学号：2017/5/7一、听力第一部分第1-15题：请选出与所听内容一致的一项。
1. A 手术很成功B 病人很放松C 大夫经验很丰富D 病人是第一次做手术2. A 有得必有失B 坚持就是胜利C 做事情前要制定详细的计划D 出了错要及早补救3. A 他们去了动物园B 他们遇到了老虎C 生物学家吓晕了D 经济学家一直在跑4. A 孩子想要两块钱B 妈妈批评了孩子C 孩子骗老奶奶了D 老奶奶是卖玩具的5. A 儿子哭了B 妈妈口渴了C 儿子不想睡觉D 儿子给妈妈倒了一杯水6. A 人们喜欢养鸟B 鸟的巢缺少美感C 鸟的种类非常多D 鸟巢对建筑设计有启发性7. A 倾听很重要B 倾听有很多种方式C 与人交流要主动一些D 不要随便给别人建议8. A 成功和漂亮没关系B 我不会买很贵的衣服C 穿漂亮衣服会让我自信D 好身材会让人变得自信9． A 好演员的年龄比较大B 学习京剧表演很容易C 京剧演员的数量少D 京剧表演对演员要求比较高10. A 电影院的吸引力变小了B 音乐可以丰富电影情节C 音乐对绘画有很大影响D 电影比音乐更有吸引力11. A 桂林的历史不长B 桂林在广西南部C 桂林是一个旅游城市D 桂林经济比较落后12. A 美丽是天生的B 女人喜欢可爱的东西C 女人因为可爱而美丽D 美丽的女人最可爱13. A 情商比智商重要B 智商高的人不易成功C 管理者的情商都不高D 成功的决定因素包括情商14. A 哭泣有利于健康B 及时发脾气有利于长寿C 这项研究主要针对孩子D 脾气好才能身体好1第二部分第16-30题：请选出正确的答案。
16.A便于解决矛盾B减少工作人员C形成良性竞争D集中发展交通17.A在澳门工作过B缺少工作经验C专业是环境保护D对民间组织不熟悉18.A很简单B成绩很大C很难适应D非常有趣19.A问题很多B道路狭窄C管理得很好D乘车不方便20.A提高巴士票价B重视道路修建C鼓励老百姓买车D鼓励市民骑自行车21.A写作B绘画C图片摄影D电影和电视广告22.A介绍平遥文化B交流摄影经验C发展地方旅游经济D向国外介绍中国摄影师23.A与专家讨论B举办摄影展览C组织摄影比赛D白天拍摄，晚上上课24．A非常好B还可以C缺少经验D距离生活较远25.A没去过山西B刚开始从事教学工作C以前参加过平遥摄影节D觉得自己有一些艺术天分15. A 大雾影响了交通B 大雾有利于农业C 大雾使温度降低D 所有航班都停飞了26.A门槛很高B已经产业化C人人都可以有创意D不是很随意的事情27.A引起不满B导致分歧严重C大家都不发言D延长会议时间28.A要放松B增加阅读量C学习新理论知识D多思考、观察和交流29.A美食B编辑C教育D市场30.A美食B编辑C教育D市场第三部分第31-50题：请选出正确答案。
英语六级试题及答案
英语六级试题及答案一、听力理解（共30分）1. A) 你听到的对话发生在什么场合？A. 餐厅B. 图书馆C. 学校D. 办公室答案：B2. B) 根据对话，男士为什么迟到了？A. 交通堵塞B. 闹钟没响C. 忘记了时间D. 路上遇到了朋友答案：A3. C) 女士建议男士做什么？A. 买一个新闹钟B. 早点起床C. 换个工作D. 换个住处答案：B4. D) 根据对话，男士和女士的关系是什么？A. 同事B. 朋友C. 恋人D. 同学答案：A5. E) 女士为什么感到惊讶？A. 男士获得了晋升B. 男士得到了加薪C. 男士被解雇了D. 男士换了工作答案：B二、阅读理解（共45分）Passage 16. 根据第一段，文章主要讨论了什么主题？A. 环境保护的重要性B. 城市化进程的影响C. 可持续发展的策略D. 经济增长与环境保护的平衡答案：D7. 根据第二段，作者认为哪个因素是实现可持续发展的关键？A. 技术创新B. 教育普及C. 政策支持D. 公众意识答案：APassage 28. 文章提到了哪些措施来应对气候变化？A. 减少化石燃料的使用B. 发展可再生能源C. 植树造林D. 所有选项答案：D9. 根据文章，气候变化对以下哪些领域产生了影响？A. 农业B. 海洋生态系统C. 人类健康D. 所有选项答案：D三、完形填空（共15分）10. 根据上下文，第一段空格处应填入的词是：A. successfulB. unsuccessfulC. successfulnessD. unsuccessfulness答案：A11. 第二段中提到的“it”指的是：A. 一个项目B. 一个计划C. 一个目标D. 一个梦想答案：C四、翻译（共20分）12. 将以下句子从中文翻译成英文：“随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越便利。
”答案：With the development of technology, our lives are becoming more and more convenient.五、写作（共30分）13. 根据以下提示写一篇不少于150字的短文，描述你理想中的未来城市。
六级阅读真题及答案
六级阅读真题及答案_年6月六级阅读真题及答案Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks,You are required to select One word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bamk is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.For investors who desire low risk and guaranteed income,U.S. Government bonds are a secure investment because these bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federal government.Municipal bonds,also secure,are offered by local governmengts and often have____36______such as ta_-free interest.Some may even be ____37______.Corportate bonds are a bit more risky.Two questions often_____38_____first-time corportate bond investors.Th e first is”If I purchase a corportate bond,do I have to hold it until the matueity date?”The answer is no.Bonds are bought and sold daily on ____39_____securities e_changes.However,if your bond does not have____40_____ that make it attractive to other investors, you may beforced to sell your bond at a____41____i.e., a price less than the bond’s face value. But if your bond is highly valued by other investors, you may be able to sell it at a premium, i.e., a price above its face value. Bond prices gcncrally____42____ inversely (相反地)with current market interest rates. As interest rates go up, bond pnccs tall, and vice versa (反之亦然).Thus, like all investments，bonds have a degree of risk.The second question is “How can I ___43_______ the investment risk of a particular bond issue?” Standard _ Po or’s and Moody’s Investors Service rate the level of risk of many corporate and government bonds. And ____44______, the higher the market risk of a bond，the higher the interest rate. Investors will invest in a bond considered risky only if the _____45_____return is high enough.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
英语六级阅读理解模拟附答案
英语六级阅读理解模拟附答案参考答案：11.E 12.I 13.F 14.K 15.G 16.D 17.L 18.J 19.F 20.CThe Louisiana PurchaseOn April 30, 1803, the area of the United States approximately doubled. Until that time, UnitedStates territory had extended from the Atlantic Ocean to the banks of the Mississippi and from theGreat Lakes and the St. Lawrence River to the thirty-first parallel. The national land now wasexpanded westward to include practically all of the area between the Mississippi River and the RockyMountains and between the Gulf of Mexico and the Canadian border. On that day, for fifteen milliondollars, the United States purchased from France 875,000 square miles of territory. After Robert R.Livingston, an American who represented President Jefferson in France, signed his name to thetreaty, he rose, shook hands with James Monroe and Marbois, the Frenchman representingNapoleon and remarked, "We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our lives. " As weglance backward upon this important event in history, we must agree that the signing of the treatyfor the purchase of Louisiana was probably the most important event in Thomas Jeffersonsadministration. Without the acquisition of this territory, the United States would most probablyhave not developed into the powerful nation which it is today.What Causes Led to Purchase of the Louisiana TerritoryUntil 1763, Louisiana had been a possession of France, but in that year it was given to Spain torepay an old debt. Twenty years later in Paris, the treaty ending the American Revolution wassigned between the United States and Great Britain. One of the terms of this treaty was that thewestern border of the United States was to stretch to the Mississippi River. Immediately settlersand pioneers crossed westward over the Allegheny Mountains to clear the territory and establishfarms. Since roads were scarce and difficult to travel, the products of these farmers had to beshipped on the waterways leading to the Mississippi River and then down this great stream to NewOrleans. At this port city, the produce was transferred to larger ocean-going vessels andtransported to markets on the Eastern Seaboard or to Europe. However, Spains ownership ofboth shores of the river for at least two hundred miles north of New Orleans permitted this foreignnation to control the trade moving on the Mississippi. As a monarchy (君主政体) ，the Spanishgovernment distrusted the rising spirit of democracy in the United States, especially the much freerexpression of democracy that existed among the western farmers. This distrust of democracyresulted in the desire of the Spanish to deny the use of the great river to any Americans. Thereaction was instantaneous (瞬间的 ) and furious, western farmers raised their voices to protestand the United states sent John Jay to Madrid to discuss this matter. In 1795 this conflict wassettled. Spain consented to allow citizens of the United States the right to use the lower MississippiRiver and also the "right of deposit" at New Orleans, the right of deposit permitted Americanfarmers, without a duty charge, to remove their products from smaller boats at New Orleans afterhaving navigated down the Mississippi, and then to transfer the agricultural commodities to largerocean-going vessels.For the succeeding five years this agreement was observed and little conflict existed. OnOctober 1, 1800, however, Spain signed a treaty giving the ownership of the Louisiana territoryback to France. The news of this treaty did not reach Jefferson until May of the following year. Assoon as he became aware of the change in ownership of the territory, Jefferson realized that thiswas part of a plan by which Napoleon hoped to establish France as a great power in the New World.Although Napoleon still permitted Spain to remain in control of the port of New Orleans, the futurethreat to the navigation rights of the western farmers still remained. At any moment, Napoleonmight send troops to the "Gateway" and forbid Americans to use it for navigation. This wouldaffect almost forty per cent of the total export trade of the United States. By April 1802 Jeffersonsconcerns in this matter became even more intense. Napoleon had shipped armed forces to SantoDomingo to suppress the uprising. Once this had been accomplished, the troops were underorders to take possession of Louisiana with its key port city of New Orleans. On the eighteenth ofthat month the President wrote his now-famous letter to the American Minister to France, Robert R.Livingston.There is one place on the globe, one single spot, the possessor of which is our natural andhabitual enemy. It is New Orleans through which the produce of three eighths of our territorymust pass to market. . . it seals the union of two nations who in conjunction can maintainexclusive possession of the ocean. From that moment we must marry ourselves to the Britishfleet and nation.Seven months later Jefferson learned that the Spanish officials at New Orleans hadsuspended(暂不实行) the right of deposit. Immediately westernfarmers protested. Many demanded immediate action. Others pressed for a declaration ofwar. The Federalists in the East who opposed Jefferson sided with those who wished to declarewar, in order to split the ranks of his followers. In January 1803, Congress appropriated two milliondollars "to defray (支付) expenses to help improve relations between the United States and foreignnations. " Jefferson asked James Monroe to sail for France to resolve the difficulty. Monroe wasinstructed to negotiate for the purchase of New Orleans and Florida. He was permitted to offer50,000,000 francs for this concession of territory. If this offer were refused, then an alternativeoffer of 37,500,000 francs was to be made for New Orleans alone. A third alternative to be used inthe negotiation was to insist upon the permanent right of deposit at New Orleans and navigationalong the lower Mississippi. If all three offers were rejected by Napoleon, Monroe and Livingstonwere instructed to negotiate an alliance with the British Government "not to make any peace withFrance. "Why Napoleon Sold LouisianaEvents favored the United States. Napoleon had transported 35,000 troops to wipe out therebellion in Santo Domingo, but yellow fever and the rebels did away with most of the Frenchtroops. With this disaster Napoleons visions of expanding in the mainland at New Orleansvanished. He also recognized he inevitability of a conflict with Great Britain. How could he hope tokeep Louisiana, thousands of miles away across the Atlantic, as long as Britain was "Empress of theSeas"? The revenue that the sale of Louisiana would bring to.France was a temptation to Napoleon, whose treasury was almost depleted (消耗).Confronted with so many problems Napoleon quickly arrived at a decision.On April 11, 1803, evenbefore the arrival of Monroe in Paris, Talleyrand proposed that the United States purchase all of theLouisiana territory.Livingstons first offer for this "bargain" was 20, 000, 000 francs, but Talleyrandcountered with a demand for 125,000,000. In a brief negotiation both finally compromised on80,000,000 francs, equivalent to $ 15,000,000 inAmerican money. On April 30, 1803, Louisiana became the possession of the United States.Three-fourths of the sum went to France, the balance was reserved to pay the claims of Americancitizens against France.1. The passage gives a general description of the reasons for and the effect of the Louisianapurchase.2. The purchase of Louisiana helped the U. S. to grow into the powerful nation which it is today.3. The Louisiana purchase only expanded the territory of the U. S. .4. The rising spirit of democracy in the U. S. was introduced to Spain and Franceinstantaneously.5. The purchase of Louisiana was accomplished at a much lower price than originallyintended.6. Spain was the original possessor of the Louisiana territory.7. Livingstons eloquence persuaded Marbois to accept an unreasonably low price for theLouisiana territory.8. Louisiana was sold to the U. S, for______francs.9. The Federalists in the East of U. S. were in favor of declaring war on Spain because theywished to______of President Jeffersons followers.10. When Louisiana was purchased, the export trade moving on the Mississippi accountedfor___of the total export trade of the U. S. . 参考答案：I. Y 2. Y 3. N 4. N 5. Y 6. N 7. NG 8. 80,000,000 9. split the ranks10. 40%。
年6月大学英语六级考试仔细阅读真题及详细解析
2019年6月大学英语六级仔细阅读真题及详细解析（卷二）Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb. 17, 2015. The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney.The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014. Overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中） safety precautions.The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced $ billion in domestic revenue.But SAG-AFTRA s ays voice actors don’t receive residuals（追加酬金）for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation —a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million.“It’s a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue,” said voice actor Crispin Freeman，who’s a member of the union’s negotiating committee. “This is an important aspect of what it means to be a (从事自由职业的）performer, who isn’t regularly employed every single day working on projects.”Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. “I can’t imagine if there’s any other acting job in the world where you don’t know what show you’re in, when you’re hired，’’ says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee.“And yet that happens every day in the video game world,” Farley told reporters during a press conference Friday. “I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.”Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors “represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game.” So “even though they’re the top craftsmen in their field,” Witlin says, “if we pay them under a vastlydifferent system than the people who do the percent of the work, that’s going to create far more problems for the video game companies.”全文翻译及命题分析美国电视和广播艺术家联合会(saga-aftra)周五宣布，就2015年2月17日之后投产的游戏将对11家电子游戏发行公司举行罢工。
2017 年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题(含答案与详解)
2017 年6 月大学英语六级考试真题(第1 套) Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or auniversity, write an essay to state your opinion. Youare required to write at least 150 words but no morethan 200 words.Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, youwill hear four questions. Both the conversation andthe questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) He would feel insulted. B)He would feel very sad.C) He would be embarrassed.D) He would be disappointed.2.A) They are worthy of a prize. B)They are of little value.C) They make good reading.D) They need improvement.3.A) He seldom writes a book straight through. B) Hewrites several books simultaneously.C)He draws on his real-life experiences.D)He often turns to his wife for help.4.A) Writing a book is just like watching a football match.B)Writers actually work every bit as hard asfootballers.C)He likes watching a football match after finishing abook.D)Unlike a football match, there is no end to writing abook.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A) Achievements of black male athletes in college.B)Financial assistance to black athletes in college.C)High college dropout rates among black athletes.D)Undergraduate enrollments of black athletes.6.A) They display great talent in every kind of game.B)They are better at sports than at academic work.C)They have difficulty finding money to complete theirstudies.D)They make money for the college but often fail toearn a degree.7.A) About 15%. B)Around 40%.C) Slightly over 50%. D)Approximately 70%.8. A) Coaches lack theincentive to graduate them.B) College degrees do notcount much to them.C)They have little interest in academic work.D)Schools do not deem it a serious problem.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or fourquestions. Both the passage and the questions willbe spoken only once. After you hear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) Marketing strategies.B)Holiday shopping.C) Shopping malls.D) Online stores.10.A) About 50% ofholiday shoppers.B)About 20-30% of holiday shoppers.C)About 136 million.D)About 183.8 million.11.A) They have fewercustomersB) They find it hard tosurvive.C)They are thriving once more.D)They appeal to elderly customers.12.A) Better quality ofconsumer goods.B) Higheremployment andwages.C)Greater varieties of commodities.D)People having more leisure time.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13.A) They are newspecies of big insects.B) They areoverprescribedantibiotics.C)They are life-threatening diseases.D)They are antibiotic-resistant bacteria.14.A) Antibiotics are nowin short supply.B)Many infections are no longer curable.C)Large amounts of tax money are wasted.D)Routine operations have become complex.15.A) Facilities.B) Expertise.C)Money.D)Publicity.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or fourquestions. The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), CJ andD). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A) It is accessible only to thetalented.B)It improves students’ ability to think.C)It starts a lifelong learning process.D)It gives birth to many eminent scholars.17.A) They encourage academicdemocracy.B) They promote globalization.C)They uphold the presidents’ authority.D)They protect students’ rights.18.A) His thirst for knowledge.B) His eagerness to find a job.C)His contempt for authority. D) Hispotential for leadership.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A) Few people know how toretrieve information properly. B)People can enhance theirmemory with a few tricks.C)Most people have a rather poor long-term memory.D)People tend to underestimate their mental powers.20.A) They present the states in asurprisingly different order.B) They include more or less thesame number of states.C)They are exactly the same as is shown in the atlas.D)They contain names of the most familiar states.21.A) Focusing on what is likely tobe tested.B) Having a good sleep the nightbefore.C)Reviewing your lessons where the exam is to takeplace.D)Making sensible decisions while choosing youranswers.22.A) Discover when you can learnbest.B) Change your time of studydaily.C) Give yourself a double bonus afterwards.D) Follow the example of a marathon runner. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) He is a politician. B) He is abusinessman.C) He is a sociologist. D) He is aneconomist.24.A) In slums.B)In Africa.C)In pre-industrial societies.D)In developing countries.25.A) They have no access to health care, letalone entertainment or recreation.B) Their income is less than 50% of thenational average family income.C) They work extra hours tohave their basic needs met.D) Their children cannot affordto go to private schools.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter. Pleasemark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank morethan once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Let’s all stop judging people who talk to themselves. New research says that those who can’t seem to keep their inner monologues(独白) in are actually more likely to stay on task, remain __26__ better and show improved perception capabilities. Not bad, really, for some extra muttering.According to a series of experiments published in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology by professors Gary Lupyan and Daniel Swignley, the act of using verbal clues to __27__ mental pictures helps people function quicker.In one experiment, they showed pictures of various objects to twenty __28__ and asked them to find just one of those, a banana. Half were __29__ to repeat out loud what they were looking for and the other half kept their lips __30__. Those who talked to themselves found the banana slightly faster than those who didn’t，the researchers say. In other experiments, Lupyan and Swignley found that __31__ the name of a common product when on the huntfor it helped quicken someone’s pace, but talking about uncommon items showed no advantage and slowed you down.Common research has long held that talking themselves through a task helps children learn, although doing so when you’ve __32__ matured is not a great sign of __33__. The two professors hope to refute that idea, __34__ that just as when kids walk themselves through a process, adults can benefit from using language not just to communicate, but also to help “augment thinking”.Of course, you are still encouraged to keep the talking at library tones and, whatever you do, keep the information you share simple, like a grocery list. At any __35__, there’s still such a thing as too much information.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one ofthe paragraphs. Identify the paragraph fromwhich the information is derived. You may choosea paragraph more than once.Each paragraph ismarked with a letter. Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2.Rich Children and Poor Ones Are Raised VeryDifferently[A]The lives of children from rich and poor American families look more different than ever before.[B]Well-off families are ruled by calendars, with children enrolled in ballet, soccer and after-school programs, according to a new Pew Research Center survey. There are usually two parents, who spend a lot of time reading to children and worrying about their anxiety levels and hectic schedules.[C]In poor families, meanwhile, children tend to spend their time at home or with extended family. They are more likely to grow up in neighborhoods that their parents say aren’t great for raising children, and their parents worry about them getting shot, beaten up or in trouble with the law.[D]The class differences in child rearing are growing — a symptom of widening inequality with far-reaching consequences. Different upbringings set children on different paths and can deepen socioeconomic divisions, especially because education is strongly linked to earnings. Children grow up learning the skills to succeed in their socioeconomic stratum (阶层), but not necessarily others.[E]“Early childh ood experiences can be very consequential for children’s long-term social, emotional and cognitive development,” said Sean Reardon, professor of poverty and inequality in education at Stanford University. “And because those influence educational success and later earnings, early childhood experiences cast a lifelong shadow.” The cycle continues: Poorer parents have less time and fewer resources to invest in their children, which can leave children lessprepared for school and work, which leads to lower earnings.[F]American parents want similar things for their children, the Pew report and past research have found: for them to be healthy and happy, honest and ethical, caring and compassionate. There is no best parenting style or philosophy, researchers say, and across income groups, 92% of parents say they are doing a good job at raising their children. Yet they are doing it quite differently. Middle-class and higher- income parents see their children as projects in need of careful cultivation, says Annette Lareau, whose groundbreaking research on the topic was published in her book Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race and Family Life. They try to develop their skills through close supervision and organized activities, and teach children to question authority figures and navigate elite institutions.[G]Working-class parents, meanwhile, believe their children will naturally thrive, and give them far greater independence and time for free play. They are taught to be compliant and respectful to adults. There are benefits to both approaches. Working-class children are happier, more independent, complain less and are closer withfamily members, Ms. Lareau found. Higher-income children are more likely to declare boredom and expect their parents to solve their problems. Yet later on, the more affluent children end up in college and on the way to the middle class, while working-class children tend to struggle. Children from higher-income families are likely to have the skills to navigate bureaucracies and succeed in schools and workplaces, Ms. Lareau said.[H]“Do all parents want the most success for their children? Absolutely,” she said. “Do some strategies give children more advantages than others in institutions? Probably they do. Will parents be damaging children if they have on e fewer organized activity? No, I really doubt it.”[I]Social scientists say the differences arise in part because low-income parents have less money to spend on music class or preschool, and less flexible schedules to take children to museums or attend school events. Extracurricular activities reflect the differences in child rearing in the Pew survey, which was of a nationally representative sample of 1,807 parents. Of families earning more than $75,000 a year, 84% say their children have participated in organized sports over the past year, 64% have done volunteer work and 62% have takenlessons in music, dance or art. Of families earning less than $30,000, 59% of children have done sports, 37% have volunteered and 41% have taken arts classes.[J]Especially in affluent families, children start young. Nearly half of high-earning, college-graduate parents enrolled their children in arts classes before they were 5, compared with one-fifth of low-income, less- educated parents. Nonetheless, 20% of well-off parents say their children’s schedules are too hectic, compared with 8% of poorer parents.[K]Another example is reading aloud, which studies have shown gives children bigger vocabularies and better reading comprehension in school. 71% of parents with a college degree say they do it every day, compared with 33% of those with a high school diploma or less. White parents are more likely than others to read to their children daily, as are married parents. Most affluent parents enroll their children in preschool or day care, while low-income parents are more likely to depend on family members. Discipline techniques vary by education level: 8% of those with a postgraduate degree say they often beat their children, compared with 22% of those with a high school degree or less.[L]The survey also probed attitudes and anxieties. Interestingly, parents’ attitudes toward education do not seem to reflect their own educational background as much as a belief in the importance of education for upward mobility. Most American parents say they are not concerned about their children’s grades as long as they work hard. But 50% of poor parents say it is extremely important to them that their children earn a college degree, compared with 39% of wealthier parents.[M]Less-educated parents, and poorer and black and Latino parents are more likely to believe that there is no such thing as too much involvement in a child’s education. Parents who are white, wealthy or college- educated say too much involvement can be bad. Parental anxieties reflect their circumstances. High- earning parents are much more likely to say they live in a good neighborhood for raising children. While bullying is parents’ greatest concern over all, nearly half oflow-income parents worry their child will get shot, compared with one-fifth of high-income parents. They are more worried about their children being depressed or anxious.[N]In the Pew survey, middle-class families earning between $30,000 and $75,000 a year fell right between working-class and high-earning parents on issues like the quality of their neighborhood for raising children, participation in extracurricular activities and involvement in their children’ s education.[O]Children were not always raised so differently. The achievement gap between children from high- andlow-income families is 30-40% larger among children born in 2001 than those born 25 years earlier, according to Mr. Reardon’ s research. People used to live near people of different income levels; neighborhoods are now more segregated by income. More than a quarter of children live in single-parent households — a historic high, according to Pew 一and these children are three times as likely to live in poverty as those who live with married parents. Meanwhile, growing income inequality has coincided with the increasing importance of a college degree for earning a middle-class wage.[P]Yet there are recent signs that the gap could be starting to shrink. In the past decade, even as income inequality has grown, some of the socioeconomicdifferences in parenting, like reading to children and going to libraries, have narrowed.[Q]Public policies aimed at young children have helped, including public preschool programs and reading initiatives. Addressing differences in the earliest years, it seems, could reduce inequality in the next generation.36.Working-class parents teach their children to be obedient and show respect to adults.37.American parents, whether rich or poor, have similar expectations of their children despite different ways of parenting.38.While rich parents are more concerned with their children’s psychological well-being, poor parents are more worried about their children’s safety.39.The increasing differences in child rearing between rich and poor families reflect growing social inequality.40.Parenting approaches of working-class and affluent families both have advantages.41.Higher-income families and working-class families now tend to live in different neighborhoods.42.Physical punishment is used much less bywell-educated parents.43.Ms. Lareau doesn’t believe participating in fewer after-class activities will negatively affe ct children’s development.44.Wealthy parents are concerned about their children’s mental health and busy schedules. 45. Some socioeconomic differences in child rearing have shrunk in the past ten years.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there arefour choices marked A, B, C and D. You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Tennessee’s technical and community colleges will not outsource(外包) management of their facilities to a private company, a decision one leader said was bolstered by an analysis of spending at each campus. In an email sent Monday to college presidents in the Tennessee Board of Regents system, outgoing Chancellor John Morgan said aninternal analysis showed that each campus’ spending on facilities management fell well below the industry standards identified by the state. Morgan said those findings —which included data from the system’s 13 community colleges, 27 technical colleges and six universities —were part of the decision not to move forward with Governor Bill Haslam’s proposal to privatize management of state buildings in an effort to save money.“While these numbers are still being validated by the state, we feel any adjustments they might suggest will be immaterial,” Morgan wrote to the presidents. “System institutions are operating very efficiently based on this analysis, raising the question of the value of pursuing a broad scale outsourcing initiative.”Worker’s advocates have criticized Haslam’s plan, saying it would mean some campus workers would lose their jobs or benefits. Haslam has said colleges would be free to opt in or out of the out souring plan, which has not been finalized.Morgan notified the Haslam administration of his decision to opt out in a letter sent last week. That letter, which includes several concerns Morgan has with the plan, was originally obtained by The Commercial Appeal inMemphis.In an email statement from the state’s Office of Customer Focused Government, which is examining the possibility of outsourcing, spokeswoman Michelle R. Martin said officials were still working to analyze the data from the Board of Regents. Data on management expenses at the college system and in other state departments will be part of a “business justification” the state will use as officials deliberate the specifics of an outsourcing plan.“The state’s facilities management project team is still in the process of developing its business justification and expects to have that completed and available to the public at the end of February,” Martin said. “At this time there is nothing to take action on since the analysis has yet to be completed.”Morgan’s comments on outsourcing mark the second time this month that he has come out against one of Haslam’s plans for higher edu cation in Tennessee. Morgan said last week that he would retire at the end of January because of the governor’s proposal to split off six universities of the Board of Regents system and create separate governing boards for each of them. In his resignation letter, Morgan called the reorganization“unworkable”.46.What do we learn about the decision of technical and community colleges in Tennessee?A)It is backed by a campus spending analysis.B)It has been flatly rejected by the governor.C)It has neglected their faculty’s demands. D )It willimprove their financial situation.47.What does the campus spending analysis reveal?A)Private companies play a big role in campusmanagement.B)Facilities management by colleges is morecost-effective.C)Facilities management has greatly improved in recentyears.D)Colleges exercise foil control over their own financialaffairs.48.Workers’ supporters argue that Bill Haslam’s proposal would _________.A)deprive colleges of the right to manage their facilitiesB)make workers less motivated in performing dutiesC)render a number of campus workers joblessD)lead to the privatization of campus facilities49.What do we learn from the state spokeswoman’s response to John Morgan’s decision? A) The outsourcing plan is not yet finalized.B)The outsourcing plan will be implemented.C)The state officials are confident about the outsourcingplan.D)The college spending analysis justifies the outsourcingplan.50.Why did John Morgan decide to resign?A)He had lost confidence in the Tennessee stategovernment.B)He disagreed with the governor on higher educationpolicies.C)He thought the state’s outsourcing proposal wassimply unworkable.D)He opposed the governor’s plan to reconstruct thecollege board system.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Beginning in the late sixteenth century, it became fashionable for young aristocrats to visit Paris, Venice, Florence, and above all, Rome, as the culmination(终极) of their classical education. Thus was born the idea of the Grand Tour, a practice which introduced Englishmen, Germans, Scandinavians, and also Americans to the art and culture of France and Italy for the next 300 years. Travel was arduous and costly throughout the period, possible only for a privileged class—the same that produced gentlemen scientists, authors, antique experts,and patrons of the arts.The Grand Tourist was typically a young man with a thorough grounding in Greek and Latin literature as well as some leisure time, some means, and some interest in art. The German traveler Johann Winckelmann pioneered the field of art history with his comprehensive study of Greek and Roman sculpture; he was portrayed by his friend Anton Raphael Mengs at the beginning of his long residence in Rome. Most Grand Tourists, however, stayed for briefer periods and set out with less scholarly intentions, accompanied by a teacher or guardian, and expected to return home with souvenirs of their travels as well as an understanding of art and architecture formed by exposure to great masterpieces.London was a frequent starting point for Grand Tourists, and Paris a compulsory destination; many traveled to the Netherlands, some to Switzerland and Germany, and a very few adventurers to Spain, Greece, or Turkey. The essential place to visit, however, was Italy. The British traveler Charles Thompson spoke for many Grand Tourists when in 1744 he described himself as “being impatientlydesirous of viewing a country so famous in history, a country which once gave laws to the world, and which is at present the greatest school of music and painting, contains the noblest productions of sculpture and architecture, and is filled with cabinets of rarities, and collections of all kinds of historical relics”. Within Italy, the great focus was Rome, whose ancient ruins and more recent achievements were shown to every Grand Tourist. Panin i’s Ancient Rome and Modem Rome represent the sights most prized, including celebrated Greco-Roman statues and views of famous ruins, fountains, and churches. Since there were few museums anywhere in Europe before the close of the eighteenth century, Grand Tourists often saw paintings and sculptures by gaining admission to private collections, and many were eager to acquire examples of Greco-Roman and Italian art for their own collections. In England, where architecture was increasingly seen as an aristocratic pursuit, noblemen often applied what they learned from the villas of Palladio in the Veneto and the evocative (唤起回忆的) ruins of Rome to their own country houses and gardens.51.What is said about the Grand Tour?A)It was fashionable among young people of the time.B)It was unaffordable for ordinary people.C)It produced some famous European artists.D)It made a compulsory part of college education.52.What did Grand Tourists have in common?A)They had much geographic knowledge.B)They were courageous and venturesome.C)They were versed in literature and interested in art.D)They had enough travel and outdoor-life experience.53.How did Grand Tourists benefit from their travel?A)They found inspiration in the world’s greatestmasterpieces.B)They got a better understanding of early humancivilization.C)They developed an interest in the origin of modem artforms.D)They gained some knowledge of classical art andarchitecture.54.Why did many Grand Tourists visit the private collections?A)They could buy unique souvenirs there to take backhome.B)Europe hardly had any museums before the 19thcentury.C)They found the antiques there more valuable.D)Private collections were of greater variety.55.How did the Grand Tour influence the architecture in England? A) There appeared more and moreRoman-style buildings.B) Many aristocrats began to move into Roman-stylevillas.C)Aristocrats，country houses all had Roman-stylegardens.D) Italian architects were hired to design houses andgardens.Part IV Translation(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on AnswerSheet 2.唐朝始于618 年，终于907 年，是中国历史上最灿烂的时期。
六年级阅读考级标准(改)
六年级经典阅读考核标准
级别：小学六级（小学六年级）
阅读要求：
1．用普通话正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。
2．学会默读，对文中不理解的地方能提出疑问。
3．能联系上下文理解词句意思，借助字典等方式理解生词。
4．能初步把握文章内容，体会文章表达的思想感情。
5．能在课文中及课外阅读中积累词句，能写出简短通顺的读后感。
6. 诵读优秀诗文不少于70篇。
7、养成读书看报习惯，课外阅读总量不少于20万字。
考级方式：
1.平日学习（课前诵读、课件诵读、晨读）；
2、教师指定课文朗读、小学生古诗词70首、国学课本；
3、平日语文课堂学习观察积累评价；
4、完成一份考级试题卷,理解古诗词诗句含义；
5、抽查读书笔记；
6、抽签背诵古诗。
7、以读书沙龙形式，考查必读及选读书目，进行问答。
参考书目:
1、第十一、十二册语文书（经典散文、小说、古诗词）。
2．小学生古诗词必背70首。
3.国学课本
4．必读书目
《朝花夕拾》《狼王梦》《最后一头战象》《草房子》《青铜葵花》《鲁滨孙漂流记》《汤姆〃索亚历险记》《绿蔷薇的安妮》《泰戈尔诗选》《老人与海》《镭之母：居里夫人》
5．选读书目
《沈石溪动物小说获奖作品集》《童年》《骆驼祥子》《哈利波特》《简•爱》《钢铁是怎样炼成的》《小妇人》《莎士比亚戏剧集》《契诃夫短篇小说集》《红岩》《吴姐姐讲历史故事》
6、中华经典：《论语》《孟子》《红楼梦》《水浒传》。
全国大学英语六级考试翻译真题(含答案)
试题一：中秋节中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似，过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。
2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日，月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。
传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。
Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America. The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty. The lunar August 15 is a day for people worshiping the moon. On this day, under the dazzling bright moon, families reunite and enjoy the moon’s beauty. In 2006, Mid-Autumn festival was listed as one of China's cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was classified as a public holiday. Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the festival, were gifts people sent to families and friends during the festival and usually eaten on family gatherings. There are characters of “longevity”,“good fortune”and “harmony” on the Traditional mo on cakes.试题二：丝绸之路闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。
2023年6月大学英语六级考试真题(含答案)
2023年6月大学英语六级考试真题(含答案)2023年6月大学英语六级考试真题(含答案)2023年6月21日大学英语六级考试真题〔Part I-Part IV 〕Part I Listening prehension (20 minutes)Section AExle: You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o'clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) "5 hours" is the correct answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sle Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) Riding a horse.B) Shooting a movie.C) Playing a game.D) Taking a photo.2. A) She'11 type the letter for the man.B) She'll teach the man to operate the puter.C) She doesn't think his sister is a good typist.D) She thinks the man should buy a puter.3. A) John can share the magazine with her.B) She wants to borrow John's card.C) She'll let John use the journal first.D) John should find another copy for himself.4. A) She promised to help the man.》》。
2015年6月12月英语六级阅读理解真题及答案(共六套)
2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第一套）Passage OneWhen the right person is holding the right job at the right moment, that person's influence is greatly expanded. That is the position in which Janet Yellen, who is expected to be confirmed as the next chair of the Federal Reserve Bank (Fed) in January, now finds herself. If you believe, as many do, that unemployment is the major economic and social concern of our day, then it is no stretch to think Yellen is the most powerful person in the world right now.Throughout the 2008 financial crisis and the recession and recovery that followed, central banks have taken on the role of stimulators of last resort, holding up the global economy with vast amounts of money in the form of asset buying. Yellen, previously a Fed vice chair, was one of the principal architects of the Fed's $3.8 trillion money dump. A star economist known for her groundbreaking work on labor markets, Yellen was a kind of prophetess early on in the crisis for her warnings about the subprime（次级债）meltdown. Now it will be her job to get the Fed and the markets out of the biggest and most unconventional monetary program in history without derailing the fragile recovery.The good news is that Yellen, 67, is particularly well suited to meet these challenges. She has a keen understanding of financial markets, an appreciation for their imperfections and a strong belief that human suffering was more related to unemployment than anything else.Some experts worry that Yellen will be inclined to chase unemployment to the neglect of inflation. But with wages still relatively flat and the economy increasingly divided between the well-off and the long-term unemployed, more people worry about the opposite, deflation（通货紧缩）that would aggravate the economy's problems.Either way, the incoming Fed chief will have to walk a fine line in slowly ending the stimulus. It must be steady enough to deflate bubbles（去泡沫）and bring markets back down to earth but not so quick that it creates another credit crisis.Unlike many past Fed leaders, Yellen is not one to buy into the finance industry's argument that it should be left alone to regulate itself. She knows all along the Fed has been too slack on regulation of finance.Yellen is likely to address the issue right after she pushes unemployment below 6%, stabilizes markets and makes sure that the recovery is more inclusive and robust. As Princeton Professor Alan Blinder says, "She's smart as a whip, deeply logical, willing to argue but also a good listener. She can persuade without creating hostility."All those traits will be useful as the global economy's new power player takes on its most annoying problems.56. What do many people think is the biggest problem facing Janet Yellen?A) Lack of money. B) Subprime crisis. C) Unemployment. D) Social instability.57. What did Yellen help the Fed do to tackle the 2008 financial crisis?A) Take effective measures to curb inflation. B) Deflate the bubbles in the American economy.C) Formulate policies to help financial institutions. D) Pour money into the market through asset buying.58. What is a greater concern of the general public?A) Recession. B) Deflation. C) Inequality. D) Income.59. What is Yellen likely to do in her position as the Fed chief?A) Develop a new monetary program. B) Restore public confidence.C) Tighten financial regulation. D) Reform the credit system.60. How does Alan Blinder portray Yellen?A) She possesses strong persuasive power. C) She is one of the world's greatest economists.B) She has confidence in what she is doing. D) She is the most powerful Fed chief in history.Passage TwoAir pollution is deteriorating in many places around the world. The fact that public parks in cities become crowded as soon as the sun shines proves that people long to breathe in green, open spaces. They do not all know what they are seeking but they flock there, nevertheless. And, in these surroundings, they are generally both peaceful and peaceable. It is rare to see people fighting in a garden. Perhaps struggle unfolds first, not at an economic or social level, but over the appropriation of air, essential to life itself. If human beings can breathe and share air, they don't need to struggle with one another.Unfortunately, in our western tradition, neither materialist nor idealist theoreticians give enough consideration to this basic condition for life. As for politicians, despite proposing curbs on environmental pollution, they have not yet called for it to be made a crime. Wealthy countries are even allowed to pollute if they pay for it.But is our life worth anything other than money? The plant world shows us in silence what faithfulness to life consists of. It also helps us to a new beginning, urging us to care for our breath, not only at a vital but also at a spiritual level. The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is that which exists between ourselves and the plant world. Often described as "the lungs of the planet", the woods that cover the earth offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen. But their capacity to renew the air polluted by industry has long reached its limit. If we lack the air necessary for a healthy life, it is because we have filled it with chemicals and undercut the ability of plants to regenerate it. As we know, rapid deforestation combined with the massive burning of fossil fuels is an explosive recipe for an irreversible disaster.The fight over the appropriation of resources will lead the entire planet to hell unless humans learn to share life, both with each other and with plants. This task is simultaneously ethical and political because it can be discharged only when each takes it upon herself or himself and only when it is accomplished together with others. The lesson taught by plants is that sharing life expands and enhances the sphere of the living, while dividing life into so-called natural or human resources diminishes it. We must come to view the air, the plants and ourselves as the contributors to the preservation of life and growth, rather than a web of quantifiable objects or productive potentialities at our disposal. Perhaps then we would finally begin to live, rather than being concerned with bare survival.61. What does the author assume might be the primary reason that people would struggle with each other?A) To get their share of clean air. B) To pursue a comfortable life.C) To gain a higher social status. D) To seek economic benefits.62. What does the author accuse western politicians of?A) Depriving common people of the right to clean air.B) Giving priority to theory rather than practical action.C) Offering preferential treatment to wealthy countries.D) Failing to pass laws to curb environmental pollution.63. What does the author try to draw our closest attention to?A) The massive burning of fossil fuels. B) Our relationship to the plant world.C) The capacity of plants to renew polluted air.D) Large-scale deforestation across the world.64. How can human beings accomplish the goal of protecting the planet according to the author?A) By showing respect for plants. B) By preserving all forms of life.C) By tapping all natural resources. D) By pooling their efforts together.65. What does the author suggest we do in order not just to survive?A) Expand the sphere of living. B) Develop nature's potentials.C) Share life with nature. D) Allocate the resources.答案解析56．【定位】NN-P0的many people和the biggest『c)[解析l细节辨认题。
英语六级写作评分标准
英语六级写作评分标准在英语六级考试中，写作是一个重要的考试部分，评分标准一直是考生关注的焦点。
本文将详细介绍英语六级写作的评分标准，帮助考生全面了解该项考试内容，并提供一些写作技巧，帮助考生提升写作水平。
一、完整性和连贯性（25分）在评价一篇英语作文时，首先要考察文章的完整性和连贯性。
这包括文章的结构和内容是否完整，段落之间是否衔接自然，逻辑是否清晰流畅。
写作时应遵循常规的开头、主体和结尾，合理组织各个段落，使整篇文章有层次感。
同时，要避免使用过多的分段符号，以免影响文章连贯性。
二、词汇与句法（25分）词汇和句法是写作能力的基础，也是评价标准的重要组成部分。
一篇高分作文应该运用丰富多样的词汇和语法结构，避免词汇重复和句式单调。
考生可以通过阅读大量英文书籍、报纸和杂志，积累词汇量，并尝试使用复杂的句子结构，如定语从句、状语从句等，来提升自己的写作表达能力。
三、语言准确性（25分）语言准确性是评价一篇英语作文的重要指标。
写作时要注意拼写、语法错误和标点符号的使用。
考生可以通过朗读和多次修改来避免这些问题，并且可使用语法、拼写和标点符号的参考书籍进行学习和复习。
此外，要注意避免使用中式英语和中式表达习惯，应以地道的西式英语为准。
四、观点和论证（25分）在英语写作中，清晰、准确地表达观点并进行合理的论证是关键。
考生需要表达自己的观点，并提供相应的论据和例证进行支撑。
同时，要避免主观臆断和情绪化的言辞，并保持中立和客观的立场。
在论证时可通过引用权威人士的观点、列举具体数据以及引用相关案例等方式来增强说服力。
五、内容和文化适应性（25分）在写作中，内容的选择和文化适应性同样重要。
考生应选择合适的话题和角度进行写作，并且要根据语言文化背景来适应受众的需求。
同时，要注意尊重各种文化差异，在表达观点时要避免冒犯他人的观念和价值观。
写作技巧提示：1. 增加词汇量：通过多读多积累，提高词汇量，并学会正确运用词汇。
2. 练习语法结构：尝试使用不同的语法结构，提高句子的多样性和复杂性。
大学英语四六级仔细阅读真题及参考答案
大学英语四六级仔细阅读真题及参考答案来源：文都图书英语四六级考试中，阅读和听力占的分值比较重，为了帮助同学们能够顺利通关英语四六级考试，文都图书帮助大学分享了2015年6月份大学英语四六级仔细阅读真题及参考答案，希望能够帮助备考路上的你！在此，给大家介绍一本主书，2015《大学英语四级考试真题精析与标准预测》以及2015《大学英语六级考试真题精析与标准预测》，不仅包含最新的9套真题和3套标准预测卷，涵盖诸如词汇、听力、选词填空、阅读理解、翻译、写作等，帮助考生在短时间内全方位提升同学们的英语水平。
Passage TwoQuestions 61-65 are based on the following passage.Some of the world’s most significant problems never hit headlines.One example comes from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world’s major crops.A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring.The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat corn and soybeans(大豆). They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that tood place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s.There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world’s most populous(人口多的) countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse.Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soyabeans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soyabeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that “we have preferentially focused our cropimprovement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.”The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued.Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughted up for crops might be able to revert(回返)to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
大学英语六级考试模拟题(含答案)
大学英语六级考试模拟题(含答案)大学英语六级考试模拟题(含答案)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of "The Importance of Learning English". You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 学习英语的重要性2. 学习英语的好处3. 如何学好英语The Importance of Learning EnglishEnglish is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. It is the official language of many countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. Therefore, learning English is becoming increasingly important in today's globalized world.Firstly, learning English can bring many benefits. For example, it can help you communicate with people from different countries and cultures. It can also improve your job prospects, as many companies require employees who can speak English. In addition, learning English can broaden your horizons and help you understand different perspectives.Secondly, to learn English well, you need to practice regularly. You can start by reading English books, watching English movies, and listening to English songs. You can also attend English classes or find a languageexchange partner to practice speaking with. It is important to set goals and track your progress to stay motivated.In conclusion, learning English is essential in today's world. It can bring many benefits and help you succeed in both your personal and professional life. Therefore, we should all make an effort to improve our English skills.。
2018年6月大学英语六级真题、译文及详细解析
2018年6月大学英语六级考试仔细阅读真题解析（卷二）Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago Twenty years agoIn their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by % in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the . and France in 2005.In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the ., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the . Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the .’s overstates the gap ineconomic welfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the . and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of . levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the . had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the . has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.全文翻译及命题分析从经济上讲，我们的生活比十年前或二十年前更好吗评论员从美国人口普查局最新的一份报告着手，渴望在这个问题上找到证据。
六级阅读解析(词汇+难句)2006-2010
1.Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newbornchild.(在发达国家中，只有两个国家没有提供用于照顾新生婴儿的带薪产假)2.To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore thesocial benefits of good parenting……(把父母照顾孩子归为个人的选择，认为社会整体不需要对此负责任，不惮忽略了良好的教养会给社会带来的利益)3.leave（休假，假期）4.paid family leave（带薪产假）5.dubious（半信半疑的，犹豫不决的，含糊的，暧昧的）6.explicit（清晰的，明确的，直率的）7.entitle（给……权力，资格；给……提名）8.Despite the modesty of the benefit,……（尽管其好处微不足道）9.modesty（谦逊，虚心，羞怯，朴实）10.fight（反对，打仗）11.bitter（厉害的，剧烈的，痛苦的，怀恨的，抱怨的）12.precedent（先例）13.good（善行）14.in some sense（从某种意义上来说）15.burden（担子，负担，艰难，负重）16.no exit（无路可退）e to（转向）18.intensive（加强的，集中的，细致的）19.intimate（亲密的，密切的，熟悉的，内部的）20.persist（坚持，执意，持续）21.out of love（出于爱）22.penalty（惩罚）23.……，is of deep concern to the state，……（是国家极为关注的）24.urgent（紧急的，急迫的）25.meet（履行，应对）26.classify（把……分类或分级）27.benefit（利益，好处，恩惠）28.estimate（估计，估量，预算，评估）29.investment（投资物，投资额）30.wage（工资，工钱）31.gross（总的，显著的）32.domestic（家的，本国的，国产的）33.gross domestic product（国民生产总值）34.generate（发生，产生，生殖，生育；引起，导致）35.undertaking（事业，任务，企业）Passage two1.liberal（自由的）2.cause（事业）3.assemble（集合）4.coalition（联盟，联合体）5.disillusion（使醒悟，使幻想破灭）6.agenda（议事日程）7.drift（偏移）8.chronicle（编年史，记事）9.twist（把纱线捻在一起，共同的目的）10.preserve（保护，保存，维持）11.ongoing（不断前进中的，不断发展中）12.post（帖子）13.……to make sense of the world.（去理解世界）14.credit to（把……归于）15.strength（力量）16.embrace（热情）17.expose（使暴露，使面临）18.exactly（确切的，恰恰正是，的确如此）19.shed（流出，脱落，摆脱，抛弃）20.ordinary（普通的，平凡的）21.if（即使）22.……are up to the task..（接过这一使命）23.tie（tying系，扎，结合）24.……increasing numbers of young voters and activists support traditionally liberal causes.（越来越多年轻的投票者和活动家支持传统的自由事业）25.……credits this younger generation’s political strength to their embrace of technology.（把年青一代的政治热情归结于他们对技术的热情）26.Barack Obama assembled a racially and ideologically diverse coalition with his message of hope and change.（巴拉克奥巴马宣称为人们提供希望和改变，由此聚集了来自不同种族，拥有不同意识形态的群体）27.……as a way to preserve history as it happens.（同步记录历史的一种方式）1.violate（违犯，违背）2.enslave（使做奴隶，奴役）3.structural（结构上的，构造的）4.racism（种族歧视，种族主义）5.justify（为……辩护；证明……是正当的）6.indifference（不关心，冷淡，无关紧要）pensation（补偿（物），赔偿（费））8.obscure（使暗；暗淡的，模糊的）9.tremendous（极大的，非常的，可怕的）10.construct（建造，构造，构思）11.……was first constructed from……（最初源自于）12.impact（冲击，碰撞，影响）13.highlight（着重，使突出）14.contemporary（当代的，现代的）15.equity（公平，公平的事）16.household（家庭，家庭的）（纯净的，基本的；净得，净赚） wealth（净资产）19.deny（否认，拒绝接受，拒绝给予，拒绝）20.recession（衰退，退回，暴跌）21.disproportionate（不相称的，不匀称的）22.……the deep patterns of socio-economic inequality and accumulated disadvantage that are coded by race, andconstantly justified in public speeches by both racist stereotypes and white indifference.（这种根深蒂固的不平等的，存在着许多弊端的社会模式源于种族，并且一直受到老套的种族歧视论和白人的漠不关心等社会言论的辩护）23.It is, more important, an educational campaign to highlight the contemporary reality of “racial deficits” of all kinds, theunequal conditions that impact lacks regardless of class.（最重要的是一场教育战役，这场教育的战役强调了在当今社会中存在的各种各样的“种族劣势”，这种劣势给各阶级的黑人带来了强烈的冲击）24.But these successes paradoxically obscure the tremendous human costs of historically accumulate disadvantage thatremain central to black American’s lives.（然而这些成功反而矛盾的模糊了人们在历史上付出的巨大代价，使人们忽略了始终存在于非裔美国人的生活中心的从历史上积累下来的消极因素）25.This pattern of human rights violations against enslaved African-Americans continued under racial segregation fornearly another century.（这种违背人权的奴隶制度让非裔美国人生活在种族隔离之下，这种情形几乎持续到了另一个世纪）Passage two1.prominent（突出的，显著的）2.entitle（给……权力）3.dazzle（炫耀，眩惑）4.array（一批，大量，装扮）mercial（商业（性）的，商务的）6.eligible（符合被推选条件的，适宜的）7.stimulus（促进因素，刺激，刺激物）8.irritant（刺激物，刺激剂；有刺激（性）的）9.tension（紧绷，使紧张）10.sore（同处，痛的，使人痛苦的）11.decline（拒绝，谢绝；下降）12.formidable（强大的，可怕的，令人生畏的）13.make sense（有意义）14.threaten（预示……坏兆头）15.myth（荒诞的说话，误解）16.at the expense of（以……为牺牲）17.People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them（头发花白的人通常不用主动要求就能得到折扣）18.It is impossible to determine the impact of the discounts on individual companies.（折扣对个体公司的冲击是不确定的）19.Generational tensions are being fueled by continuing debate over Social Security benefits, which mostly involves atransfer of resources from the young to the old.（有关社会保险利益从青年人向老年人流动的争论，令两代人之间紧张的关系雪上加霜）20.But in other cases, the discounts are given at the expense, directly or indirectly, of younger Americans.（但是在一些情况下，折扣直接或间接的牺牲了美国青年人的利益）1.prescription（处方）2.decade（十年）3.rate（利率）4.provoke（挑衅，激起）5.whisper（谣传，低语）6.fund（为……提供资金）7.spark（发动，鼓舞；火花）8.cure（治愈）mon sense（常识）10.margin（差额，幅度）11.pace（速度）12.splendid（显著的，辉煌的，壮丽的）13.wholesaler（批发商）14.cut back（削减）15.administration（管理，经营，管理机构）16.mishandle（粗暴的对待，胡乱的处置）17.Medicare（医疗保险）18.Supersize drug prices, they claim, fund the research that sparks the next generation of wonder drugs.（巨额的医药价格是为刺激下一代神奇药品而筹集资金）19.The reward for finding say, a cancer cure is so huge that no one’s going to hang it up.（研究调查结果的回馈表明一个癌症的治疗工程是如此巨大以至于没有一个人可以不被它困扰）Passage three1.trouble（烦恼，忧愁）2.domestic violence（家庭暴力）3.downplay（对……轻描淡写）4.joint statement（联合声明）5.aggressive（侵略的；有进取心的）6.advocate（鼓吹者，拥护者）7.cater（迎合）8.dispute（对……提出质疑；争论）9.review（评论；回顾，复习）10.weed（除草，剔出）11.weed out（清除）12.critical（关键的，批评的）13.causality（因果关系）14.alarmist（危言耸听者）15.observation（言论，意见；注意，观察）16.tone down（（使）降低，淡化，缓和）17.draw（吸引，招来）18.deceive（欺骗）19.clash（冲突，撞击）20.The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality（因果关系）（当学者们为了得出因果关系而淡化他们研究中的不确定因素或者夸大事实时，问题就出现了）2007年12月Passage one1.gauge（标准尺度，标准规格）2.treat（对待，看待）3.suspect（觉得，怀疑，猜想）4.casual（随便的，偶然的）5.acquaintance（相识，了解，熟人）munity（社区，群体）7.cordially（真心的，热情友好的）8.immediately（直接的，立即，马上）9.evident（明显的）10.courtesy（礼貌，谦恭）11.cater（迎合，投合）12.server（侍者）13.servant（佣人，仆人）14.professional（职业的，专业的）15.profession（职业）16.From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me.（从我工作的第一天开始，其他人就用充满敬意的语气称呼我）17.It’s no secret that there’s a lot to put up with when waiting tables.（当侍者要忍受很多，这早已不是什么秘密）1.7.3million=7.3×1000000=7300000=730万2.rail（抱怨，责骂）3.increasingly（继续增加的，日益）4.centrist（中间派议员）5.December（12月）6.column（专栏；纪念柱）7.……, which he owns.（他旗下的）8.core bargain（核心竞争力）9.disintegrate（使崩溃，使瓦解）10.row（一排，一行，使成排）11.note（注意，注意到，指明）12.Tens of millions（数以千万计的）13.outrage（伤害，暴行）14.American’s life（美国人的寿命）15.expectancy（期望）16.coverage（保险金；覆盖（范围，程度，区域））17.former（以前的）18.popularity（普及，流行，通俗性，大众性）19.universal（全体的）20.solidarity（团结一致）21.insulate（隔离，使孤立）22.prospect（展望，景象，盼望的事物）23.wealthy（富的，丰富的；同rich，the rich富人）24.plutocrat（富豪，有钱人）25.They can live with that.（他们承受得了）26.sustain（继续，支撑，供养，经受住）27.integrate（使结合，使一体化；完整的，完全的）28.in other words（换句话说）29.ultra（过激的，极端的）30.flow（流动）31.allocate（分配，分派）32.distribution（分配，分发）33.implement（贯彻，完成，履行）34.confiscatory（没收的，充公的）35.No, what they fear was that the political challenges of sustaining support for global economic integration will be moredifficult in the United States because of what has happened to the distribution of income and economic insecurity.（不，他们真正害怕的是由于在收入分配和经济安全等方面出现的问题，美国持续支持全球经济一体化所带来的政治挑战）36.……, lamented（哀叹）the 117th-richest man in America.（这位在美国排名第117位的富豪这样哀叹）37.the popularity of measures like increasing the minimum wage（像提高最低工资等政策的受欢迎程度）2009年12月Passage two1.cripple（跛的，伤残的，问题重重的）2.backbone（脊骨，骨干，支柱，基础）3.physician（医生）4.scratch（搔，抓）5.approach（向……靠近，接近，看待，处理）6.startle（使大吃一惊）7.given（特定的，一定的）8.fragmentation（裂成碎片，分裂）9.slip（滑动，滑落）10.reimburse11.reimbursement（补偿，返还费用）12.lean（倾斜，倾向）13.surgical（外科（手术）的）14.procedure（operation(外科)手术）15.visit（出诊）16.annual（每年的）17.indiscriminate（不加区别的）18.boost（升，提高）19.refuse（拒绝）20.driven（出于不得已的）21.scenario（剧情说明，电影剧本，方案）22.deck（甲板，层面）23.stack（堆积，作弊）24.overwhelm（打翻，压倒）25.regular（普通的；有规律的）26.reform（改革，改良，革新；重新形成）27.optimal（最适宜的，最理想的，最令人满意的）28.forgive（豁免）29.loan（贷款）30.reconcile（使和解，调解，调和，调停）31.marked difference（巨大差异）32.Medicare（美，（对老年人的）医疗照顾方案）33.chronic（长期的，慢性的，经常的，慢性病人）34.bridge a gap（填补空白，弥补缺陷）35.Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices,further contributing to the decline of primary care.（对于牺牲质量的初级护理医生而言，要么被迫停业，要么就指1.suggestion（细微的迹象）2.single out（选出）3.as well as（又，也，以及）4. a number of（若干，许多）5.daycare center（日间看护中心）6.elementary（基本的，初级的，小学）7.in the lowest 10%（在最差的10%之列）8.living science experiment（活体科学实验）9.worth（值……的，相当于……的）10.This in a city that……（这发生在一个……的城市中）11.mayor（市长）12.engage in（从事于，忙着）13.fierce（猛烈的，狂热的，极度的）14.validity（有效，合法，正当，正确）15.versus（与……相对）16.conflict（冲突，斗争，争论）17.athletic（运动的，体育的）18.perpetual（永久的，永恒的，终身的）19.episode（一段，一个，一部）20.protest（断言，主张，抗议）21.environmentalist（环境保护者）22.trial（试验，考验）23.perceive（察觉，看出，领悟，理解）24.nonprofit（非盈利的）25.exposure（暴露，揭露）26.concrete（具体的，有形的）27.hazard（危险，公害）28.beside the point（并非重点）29.quantify（确定，量化）30.rid（使摆脱，使去掉）31.cupboard（碗橱）32.coat（给……穿外套）33.block（街区）34.bolt（拴住）35.fault line（地质断层）36.Is there truly a threat here, we asked one another as we dropped off our kids, and if so, how great is it? And how does itcompare with the other, seemingly perpetual health scares we confront, like panic over lead in synthetic athletic fields?（我们在让孩子下车时会互相询问，这儿是不是真的存在危险？如果真有危险的话，有多大？和其他危险相比怎么样？比如像综合运动上铅含量这样我们似乎要面临的永久性的健康恐慌）37.That means your choices can matter, but it also means you aren’t going to know if they do.（这意味着你的选择很重要，但这也意味着如果你的选择真的很重要的话，你也没有办法知道）38.So you can imagine the reaction when a recent USA Today investigation of air quality around the nation’s schoolssingled out those in the smugly（自鸣得意地）green village of Berkeley, Clalif., as being among the worst in the country.（所以当《今日美国》在近期公布的一份全国范围的学校周边空气质量的调查中，把加州伯克利的绿色环保小镇列为全国最差时，你可以想象到那些自鸣得意的人的反应）39.With all sides presenting their own experts armed with conflicting scientific studies,……（每一方都有代表他们的专家，手头上的科学研究结果相互矛盾）40.……and over what, if anything, ought to be done.（以及应该去做的事，如果还有事能做的话）1.hedge（妨碍，障碍，套期保值）2.thrive（兴旺，旺盛）3.humiliation（屈辱）4.esteem（尊重，尊敬）5.rest（依据，依靠，取决于，归于）6.exert（发挥（威力），施加（压力），产生（影响））7.sector（部分，产业）8.arrogant（骄傲自大的）9.hostile（敌对的，敌意的）10.……top the 2000 peak.（比2000年的峰值还多）11.merrymaking（寻欢作乐）12.trade（贸易，商业，交易）13.So do exports,……（出口也是如此）14.own shares（持有股票）15.gamble（投机，赌博，打赌）16.stock（股份总额，股票）17.bubble（水泡，沸腾）18.quarter（季度）19.dime（少量的钱）20.inflict（予以打击，使遭受，使承受）21.pathetic（可怜的，悲哀的）22.contemptuous（蔑视的，倨傲的）23.The once all-powerful dollar isn’t doing a Titanic against just the pound.（无所不能的美元在兑换英镑时，不再是庞然大物）24.Foreign sales accounted for 65% percent of Coke’s beverage business.（海外销售占据可口可乐65%的饮料业务）25.……, for a nation’s self-esteem rests in part on the strength of its currency.（因为一个国家的尊严部分来源于本国货币的强度）Passage two1.admission（允许进入）2.We parents……（我们这些家长）3.survey（俯瞰，眺望，检查）4.contrive（发明，设计，想出）5.justification（辩护，正当理由）6.prejudice（偏见）7.full-blown（花盛开的，成熟的，充分发展的）8.prestige（威望，声望）9.go around（走来走去，供应，炫耀）10.urge（推进，极力主张，强烈要求）11.hysteria（歇斯底里）12.scarce（缺乏的，稀有的，不足的）13.plausible（貌似有理的）14.convince（使确信，使信服）15.selective school（重点学校）16.systematically（有系统的，成体系的）17.instruction（教育）18.essay（文章，随笔，试验）19.reckon（指望，计算，认为，估计，依赖）20.point（分）21.……and then went elsewhere.（毕业后的去向）22.status（情形，状况，地位）23.signify（表示，表明，意味）24.indicator（指示物）25.significance（意义，重要性）26.graduate school（研究所）27.stake（利益关系）28.rationalize（使合理化）29.destructive（破坏性的，毁灭性的）30.overemphasize（过分强调）31.qualification（资格，合格证明，限制条件）32.They may have been so conditioned to being on top that anything less disappoints.（他们对自己要求过高，一旦达不到这种高要求，就会感到失望）33.Kids count more than their college.（孩子自身的作用远远高于学校的作用）34.Up to a point, we can rationalize our pushiness.（在某一方面，我们可以理解这种狂热）35.……other things being equal,……（在同等条件下）36.Old-boy networks are breaking down.（校友关系网开始瓦解）37.Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph.D. program.（普林斯顿经济学家艾伦昆格研究了一项顶尖博士项目的录取工作）38.……as I survey the battlefield……（我在这战场上存活了下来）1.appreciation（赏识，评价）2.predominantly（显著地，普遍的）3.rural（农村，田园）4.density（稠密度，密集度）5.contrast（对比，对照）6.yield（产量，收获量）7.reliable（可靠的，可信赖的）8.diminish（减少，减小）9.meet（应付，对付）10.grain（谷物）11.radical（根本的，基本的，激进的）12.static（静止的，固定的）13.statistical（统计的）14.dynamic（动力的）15.interpretation（解释，阐明，翻译）16.urge（极力主张，强烈要求，重新思考）17.……the way the concept is put o use.（概念的实施方法）18.What’s more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra300 million tons of grain a year by 2050.（此外，发展中国家对畜产品的需求增长如此迅速，以至于在2050年之前每年需要额外收获3亿吨谷物才能满足该需求）19.……without increasing damage.（避免产生更多的破坏）20.In terms of energy use and the nutrients captured in the product it was relatively inefficient.（当时的农业在能源利用以及农产品的营养成分方面是相对低效的）21.Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society……（中世纪北欧的农业为以农业为主导的社会提供了衣食和住所）Passage two1.percentage（比例）2.openly（公开的，直率的）3.argue（争论，争辩）4.exemplary（模范的）5.magnificent（壮丽的）6.attainment（到达，成就）7.marginal（在边上，边缘的，边沿的）8.substandard（低于法定标准的）9.dropout（退学）10.ethnic（种族）11.Americanization（使美国化）12.campaign（战役，运动，竞选）13.corruption（腐败）14.melt（融化，熔化，融合）15.rid（使摆脱，使去掉）16.assimilation（吸收，同化）17.……large parts of the community……（社区中的大部分人）18.presumption（专横，自以为是，假定，推测，推断，推论的依据）19.But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all.（但我们仍然不知道如何使美国化的过程适合所有的人）20.……adopt American ways.（采取美国的方式）21.……those things happen pretty much on their own.（这些事情自然而然就会发生）22.But as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail,……（但是随着关于移民的争论使总统大选白热化）23.……,once outsiders,……（曾经的外来人口）24.……but groups that have been here for generations.（而且也影响到了已经在这里时代生活的群体）25.It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest wave of would-beAmericans.（与现在我们对即将涌入的准美国人设定“准入点”相比，它将对我们的未来产生更大的影响）26.……, in ways too numerous to detail,……（并且通过不胜枚举的方式）1.evolve（使发展，进化）2.elaborate（精心制作的）3.mechanism（机械装置，作用过程）4.process（进程）5.cluster（簇，裙，组）6.input（输入，输入信号）7.region（地区，地带）8.responsible（负责的）9.retrieve（收回，重新得到）10.appraise（估价，评价）11.charge（冲向，攻击）12.sign（征兆，符号，标记）13.distress（悲痛，苦恼，危难）14.trigger（扳机；激发起，引起）15.radiate（发射光线，发射，辐射）16.nerve（神经）17.other than（不同于，非，除了）18.call up（召唤，唤起）19.anticipate（预期，期望）20.……just to name three.（这仅是其中的三种反应）21.necessarily（必定，必然）22.incredible（难以置信的，不可思议的）23.device（策略，手段，方法，设计）24.constructive（建筑的）25.though（然而）26.never do it（worry）alone（永远不要只是担忧）27.instinctive（本能的，天性的）28.survive（幸免于，活下来）29.recession（后退，退回）30.familiar（熟悉的）31.terrorism（恐怖主义）32.Most of us have survives a recession so we’re familiar with the belt-tightening strategies needed to survive a slump.（我们中的大多数都有从衰退中熬过来的经历，所以我们都熟知度过低潮所需的节约政策）33.……，fear begins with the body’s system for reacting to things that can harm us，……（恐惧始于人体系统对会伤害我们的事情的反映）34.Humans, says Edward M. Hallowell, have the ability to call up images of bad things that happened in the past and toanticipate future events.（Edward M. Hallowell说人类拥有回忆过去发生的不好事情的图像和预测未来的能力）Passage two1.scheming（诡计多端的，富于心计的）2.corporate（公司的，企业的，团体的）3.visiting（探望，访问）4.disgust（（使）发呕，（使）厌恶）5.overwhelm（倾覆，淹没，覆盖）6.By and large，……（很长时间）7.self-interest（私利，利己主义）8.blame（责备，责怪）9.reach（到达，伸出手，对……起作用，影响）10.fail（使失望，舍弃，使不及格）11.business-leaders-to-be（未来的商业领袖）12.insight（洞察力，洞悉）13.flourish（繁荣，兴旺）14.encouraging（鼓励的，鼓舞人心的）15.boardroom（（董事会等的）会议室）16.stare（凝视）17.urge（极力主张，强烈要求）18.faculty（全体教员，才能，本领）19.manipulate（熟练使用，操作，处理）20.reinforce（增援，加强）21.scandal（丑事，丑闻）22.suspect（猜想，怀疑）23.constrain（强迫，限制）24.fertile（富饶的，肥沃的）25.boom（（使）迅速发展，（使）兴旺）26.He hoped his work at the university would give him insight into how questions of morality could be applied to placeswhere self-interest flourished.（他希望他在哈佛的工作可以帮他弄明白如何让道德问题应用于充满私利的地方）27.executive（执行的，实施的）28.Those would-be executives had, says Etzioni, little interest in concepts of ethics and morality in the boardroom-andtheir professor was met with blank stares when he urged his students to see business in new and different ways.（Etzioni 说，那些未来的经理们对于董事会里的伦理和道德概念没有什么兴趣-当他尝试促使他的学生用一种新的，不同的方式看待商业的时候，教授看到的是空洞的眼神）29.Etzioni sees the experience at Harvard as an eye-opening one and says there’s much about business schools that he’dlike to change.（Etzioni把在哈佛的经历看做开了一次眼界，并称他觉得商学院需要做出很多改变）1.feature（特征，特色，以……为特色）2.capitalist（资本家）3.grab（抓取，强夺）4.shameless（无耻的，伤风败俗的）5.constantly（经常不断的，坚定地，始终如一的）6.summon（召集，传唤，号召）7.enterprise（事业，事业（企业）单位）8.shot（机会）9.uneven（不平衡的，不规则的，不匀的）10.As things stand（随着情况的发展）11.while（和……同时）12.all the way（从头至尾，自始至终，一路上）13.sway（（使）摇动，（使）倾斜）14.To keep the money machine working smoothly the rich have bought all the politicians from the top down.（为了使这些造钱机器运转顺利，资本家们还从上到下的买通了所有政客）15.……，but only to cut out jobs while keeping the money value of what those jobs produced for themselves.（而且还制造失业，并把工人工作的剩余价值据为己有）16.Once on the inside they have both political parties busily tearing up all the regulations that protect the rest of us fromthe greed of the rich.（一旦他们成功进入这个政治黑金圈子，原本那些保护我们这些平民百姓不受资本家剥削的法令条款，就会被他们所收买的两党（民主党和共和党）撕毁的面目全非）Passage two1.rent（租金）2.ease（舒适，悠闲）3.not just…but…（不仅…而且…）4.reform（改革，革新）5.deposit（寄存（物），押金，储蓄）6.Senate（参议院）7.force（强迫，迫使；力气，精力）8.assembly（n集合，集会，会议）9.charge（指控）10.estate（房地产，地产权，社会地位）11.investor（投资者）12.eviction（逐出）13.lobby（休息室，院外活动集团）14.regard（把……看作，注重，与……有关）15.timetable（时间表）16.constitute（构成，组成）17.reputable（声誉好的，可尊敬的）18.penalty（处罚）19.current（通用的，流行的，当前的）20.currency（货币）21.amend（修正，改正）22.Two significant tenant reforms stand a good chance of passage.（两个对租户很重要的改革措施有望出台）23.Some landlords view security deposits as a free month’s rent theirs for the taking.（一些房东把押金看成折旧费，是属于自己的租金）24.In most cases, though, there are honest disputes over damages—what constitutes ordinary wear and tear.（的确，在很多情况下，关于房子破坏的投诉确有其事—包括损耗和折旧）Passage three1.exclusive（排外的，专有的，除外的）2.loop（圈，环）3.distress（悲痛，苦恼，忧伤）4.remark（评论，注意，觉察）5.ever-greater stimulation（更刺激的事物）6.shell（剥……的壳；贝壳）7.transient（短暂的）8.arouse（唤醒，激起，引起）9.visual（视觉的）10.starve（（使）饿死，（使）挨饿）11.starve for（渴望）12.reckless（不注意的，不在乎的，粗心大意的）13.been there, done that.（随波逐流，随遇而安）14.prescribe（命令，指示，开（药），规定）15.medication（药疗法，药物处理）16.inattentive（不注意的，漫不经心的）17.depressant（抑制的（药），镇静的（药））18.role（作用）19.boredom（厌烦）20.diagnose（诊断）21.reflect（反射，反映）22.psychiatrist（精神病医生）23.alleviate（减轻（痛苦等），缓和）24.ever（永远，不断地）25.How can it be so hard for kids to find something to do, when there’s never been such a range of stimulatingentertainment available to them ?（为什么孩子们在拥有如此之多的娱乐时，还是感到无事可做呢？）26.What really worries me is the intensity of the stimulation.（让我真正担心的是刺激的强度）27.Thrills have less to do with speed than changes in speed.（兴奋与速度的关系不大，而是与速度的变化紧密相关）28.That was, I realized, the point.（我终于意识到其中的关键）Passage four1.Gordian Knot（棘手问题）2.controversy（争论，争吵，论战）3.pledge（誓言（约），保证）4.federal（联邦的，联盟的）5.carry out（开展，实现，执行，落实）6.rigorous（严厉的，严格的，苛刻的）7.portray（画，描绘，描述，描写）8.contempt（轻视，藐视）9.wholesale（批发的，大批的）10.edge（刀口，锐利，边缘，优势，优越条件）11.distribution（分发，分配）12.conjunction（连接，结合）13.bend（使弯曲，使屈从）14.vocal（畅言无忌的）15.The president’s decision a year ago to allow research on already existing stem cell lines was portrayed as a reasonablecompromise between scientist’s needs for cells to work with and concerns that this kind of research could lead to wholesale creation and destruction of human embryos（胚胎），cloned infants and a general contempt for human life.（总统一年前允许兑现有的干细胞进行研究的决定，被认为是一种合情合理的妥协，即在科学家对干细胞研究的需要于对这项研究可能引起大规模的胚胎制造和破坏、克隆婴儿以及蔑视人类生命的担忧之间做出的妥协）16.The check, which he pledged last week, could be for as much as $5 million, depending on how many donors make giftsof between $50000 and $500000 which he has promised to match..（这张他上周承诺的支票可能高达500万美元，该数目取决于有多少人的捐款数额大约在5万到50万美元之间，安迪承诺将捐出与之数目相当的款项）17.……which Bush said are all that science would ever need.（布什说它们是科学永远都不需要的）？。
考试大纲六级
考试内容本考试包括五个部分：听力理解、阅读理解、词语用法与语法结构、综合改错、短文写作。
全部题目按顺序统一编号。
第一部分：听力理解(Part 1：Listening Comprehension)：共20题，考试时间20分钟。
这一部分包括两节：A节(Section A)共有10题，每题含一组对话，对话后有一个问句。
B节(Section B)有10题，分别安排在若干篇听力材料之后，每篇后有二至四道题，每题为一个问句。
听力部分的每个问句后有约13秒的间隙，要求考生从试卷所给出的每题四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
录音的语速为每分钟约140词，念一遍。
选材的原则是：1、对话部分为交际场合中的一般对话；2、短篇听力材料为题材熟悉的讲话、叙述、解说等；3、所用词语不超出教学大纲词汇表四级规定的范围。
听力理解部分的目的是测试学生获取口头信息的能力。
第二部分：阅读理解(Part Ⅱ：Reading Comprehension)：共20题，考试时间35分。
要求考生阅读若干篇短文，总阅读量不超过1400词。
每篇短文后有若干个问题。
考生应根据文章内容从每题四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
选材的原册是：1、题材广泛，可以包括人物传记、社会、文化等方面，但是所涉及的背景知识应能为学生所理解；2、体裁多样，可以包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等；3、文章的语言难度以教学大纲中的规定为准，无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词，如超出教学大纲词汇表六级的范围，用汉语或英语注明词义。
阅读理解部分主要测试下述能力：1、既能理解个别句子的意义，也能理解上下文的逻辑关系；2、既理解字面的意思；也能理解隐含的意思；3、既理解事实和细节，也能理解所读材料的主旨和大意；4、能就文章的内容进行判断、推理和信息转换。
阅读理解部分的目的是测试学生通过阅读获取信息的能力，既要求准确，也要求有一定速度。
第三部分：词语用法和语法结构(Part Ⅲ：Vocabulary and Structure)：共30题，考试时间20分钟。
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第十八篇：来源：
The Reader‘s digest investigation asked Americans which was the biggest threat to the nation’s future—big business，big labor or big government. A whopping 67 percent replied “big government”
Opinion researchers rarely see such a vast change in public attitude. When put in historical perspective，from the time of Franklin Roosevelt‘s New Deal to the present，the fallen status of government as a protector and benefactor is extraordinary. We’ve returned to the instinctive American wariness of Washington so common before the Great Depression.
In our poll，taken before the November elections，the overwhelming majority of our respondents wanted to stop or roll back the impact of government. In answer to another question posed by The Digest，79 percent said they wanted either no more than the current level of government services and taxes，or less government and lower taxes.
“It seems to me that we in the middle class bear most of the burden，”says Jone Nell Norman，61，a nurse in Dyersburg，Tenn.，who often wonders about the government‘s judgement in spending her money.
Of Americans in our sample，62 percent believe that politician‘s ethics and honesty have fallen. And what about Congress？Is it doing a good job？Or do members “spend more time thinking about their political futures than passing good legislation？”Across generations， a thumping 89 percent thought the latter. “Congress always seems to be screwing up，”says one young Xer.
However，Americans are satisfied with their own lives and jobs. Four of five respondents were “completely ”or “somewhat ”satisfied. The figures held up across all ages –including Xer，whom many pundits have claimed are pessimistic about their future.来源：
Looking deeper at jobs，we found 70 percent of Americans believe they are about where they should be，given their talents and effort. This is an issue where age always makes a difference，since older people，who are more established in their jobs tend to be more satisfied，while younger workers are still trying to find the right niche. Sure enough，Xers scored 65 percent，about five points below average.
1.The U.S. government status in the public mind before the Great Depression ____.
A.was regarded as quite normal
ed to be very low来源：
C.remained a difficult problem for the federal government
D.reminded people of the principles laid down by Washington
2.“Xers”is repeated several times to refer to A.accusers
B.younger respondents
C.college students
D.blue-collar workers 3.The
61-years-old nurse Norman is mentioned in the article to show that ____.
A.the government has cheated her out of her money
B.it is hard for her to earn a living
C.even a retired nurse has lost faith in the government
D.the more the government does the greater stake tax –payers‘money will be put at
4.“Screwing up ”in paragraph 5 may be paraphrased as ____.
A.indecisive in making decisions
B.benefiting the nation in earnest
C.making a mess of everything
D.debating hotly
5.“Political future ”in paragraph 5 may be paraphrased as ____.来源：
A.the future of the whole nation
B.people‘s well –being in the future
C.a position of higher rank
D.awareness of consistency in policies
答案：BBDCC
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