四级考试writing部分
2019年6月大学英语四级作文及翻译
2019年6月大学英语四级真题(第一套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【范文】This news report is concerning a volunteer activity on June 14, which was organized by our Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. Altogether 30 volunteers participated.Admittedly, in the present-day society, it is acommon phenomenon for many senior citizens to stay alone at home, when their adult children are busy with their work and study. However, aged people need youngsters’ care, which will bring them power, inspire their passion for life and help them enjoy their twilight. Thus, yesterday, our Student Union held this volunteer activity to assist those lonely elderly people in the near by neighborhood, including cleaning rooms, washing clothes, presenting songs anddances. A majority of these volunteers are freshmen and sophomores in our university, and they are convinced that this activity is simple but meaningful,particularly when they saw the happy smiles of the aged.We, as youngsters, should bear in mind that nomatter how busy we are, it is of great necessity for us to respect, care for,assist and accompany the elderly.2019年6月大学英语四级真题(第二套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试。
2020年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案
大学英语四级考试真题及答案(绝对完整）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a shortessay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should writeat least 120 words following the outline given bellow:1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？2. 也会带来一些问题3. 你的看法？Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go overthe passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. Forquestions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the informationgiven in the passage.How Do You See Diversity?As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for someof the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed thatthe candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhatdisappointed because she liked the individual otherwise. He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but thefact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so shedecided to offer the job to her second choice.“It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized theperson we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. Whatshe hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s“different”behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-Americanraised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown byaverting(避开) your eyes.“I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it wascultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss thatopportunity again.”Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive asdifferent. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse,it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and toreexamine some of our false assumptions .Hire AdvantageAt a time when hiring qualified people is becoming moredifficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from theprocess have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helpsorganizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estaterecruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference suchtraining can make .“During my Mindsets coaching session ,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets .The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company .When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.”Blinded by GenderDale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops onsu pervising a diverse workforce . “Through one of the sessions ,I discovered my personal bias ,” he recalls . “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person , and being open to differences .” In his case , the blindness was not about culture but rather gender.“I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position , I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel .”Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce.“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .” Dale credits the workshop , “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .”Year of the Know-It-AllDoug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops .He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year . In my ignorance , I assumed he had his dates wrong , as the first of January had just passed . When I advised him of this , I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates .“He pati ently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the lunar cycle ,is one of the most celebrated holidays on theChinese calendar . Needless to say , I felt very embarrassed in assuminghe had his dates mixed up . But I learned a great deal about assumptions ,and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture toculture .“Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I couldlearn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees ,rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all ,” Dougadmits . “The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learninghow to be more ‘inclusive’ to differences.A better Bottom LineAn open mind about diversity not only improves organizationsinternally , it is profitable as well . These comments from a customerservice representative show how an inclusive attitude can improvesales .”Most of my customers speak English as a second language . Oneof the best things my company has done is to contract with a languageservice that offers translations over the phone . It wasn’t until my bossreceived Mindsets’ training that she was able to understand how importantinclusiveness was to customer service . As result , our customer base hasincreased .”Once we start to see people as individuals . and discard thestereotypes , we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone .Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differencesand similarities . It is about building better communities andorganizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our sharedhumanity .When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think wehave learned from our past , from the media, peers , family , friends ,etc , we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values . We need to train our-selvesto think differently , shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opensdoors for all of us ,creating opportunities in organizations andcommunities that benefit everyone.1. What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate?A) He just wouldn’t look her in the eye.B) He was slow in answering her questions.C) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.D) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.2. Tiffany’s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from _____.A) Racial stereotypes. C) Racial stereotypes.B) Invalid personal bias . D) Emphasis on physical appearance3. What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalizationaccording to the author?A) Hiring qualified technical and management personnel.B) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures.C) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment.D) Expanding domestic and international markets.4. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC?A) A real estate agency. C) A cultural exchange organization.B) A personnel training company. D) A hi-tech company5. After one of the workshops ,account executive Dale realized that _____.A) He had hired the wrong person.B) He could have done more for his company.C) He had not managed his workforce well.D) He must get rid of his gender bias.6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC’s workshop?A) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted.B) It tapped into the executives’ full potential.C) It helped him make fair decisions.D) It met participants’ di verse needs.7. How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee’srequest for leave?A) He told him to get the dates right. C)He flatly turned it downB) He demanded an explanation. D)He readily approved it.8. Doug felt _____ when he realized that his assumption was wrong.9. After attending Mindsets’ workshops, the participants came to knowthe importance of _____ to their business.10. When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes , wecan achieve diversity and benefit from the _____ between us.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 Minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questionswill be asked about what was said .Both the conversation and the questionswill be spoken only once .After each question there will be a pause .During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) She expected more people at her party.B) She enjoys entertaining small children .C) She threw a surprise party for her friendD) She has always enjoyed great popularity.12. A) They are not used to living in a cold place.B) They feel lucky to live in Florida.C) They are going to have a holiday.D) They have not booked their air tickets yet.13. A) He was pleased to get the medal. C) He used to be a firefighter.(B) He was very courageous. D) He was accused of causing a fire.14。
大学英语四级考试真题及答案(完整版)
大学英语四级考试真题及答案(绝对完整）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a shortessay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should writeat least 120 words following the outline given bellow:1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？2. 也会带来一些问题3. 你的看法？Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go overthe passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. Forquestions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the informationgiven in the passage.How Do You See Diversity?As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for someof the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed thatthe candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhatdisappointed because she liked the individual otherwise. He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but thefact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so shedecided to offer the job to her second choice.“It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized theperson we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. Whatshe hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s“different”behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-Americanraised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown byaverting(避开) your eyes.“I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it wascultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss thatopportunity again.”Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive asdifferent. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse,it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and toreexamine some of our false assumptions .Hire AdvantageAt a time when hiring qualified people is becoming moredifficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from theprocess have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helpsorganizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estaterecruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference suchtraining can make .“During my Mindsets coaching session ,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets .The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company .When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.”Blinded by GenderDale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops onsu pervising a diverse workforce . “Through one of the sessions ,I discovered my personal bias ,” he recalls . “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person , and being open to differences .” In his case , the blindness was not about culture but rather gender.“I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position , I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel .”Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce.“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .” Dale credits the workshop , “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .”Year of the Know-It-AllDoug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops .He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year . In my ignorance , I assumed he had his dates wrong , as the first of January had just passed . When I advised him of this , I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates .“He pati ently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the lunar cycle ,is one of the most celebrated holidays on theChinese calendar . Needless to say , I felt very embarrassed in assuminghe had his dates mixed up . But I learned a great deal about assumptions ,and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture toculture .“Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I couldlearn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees ,rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all ,” Dougadmits . “The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learninghow to be more ‘inclusive’ to differences.A better Bottom LineAn open mind about diversity not only improves organizationsinternally , it is profitable as well . These comments from a customerservice representative show how an inclusive attitude can improvesales .”Most of my customers speak English as a second language . Oneof the best things my company has done is to contract with a languageservice that offers translations over the phone . It wasn’t until my bossreceived Mindsets’ training that she was able to understand how importantinclusiveness was to customer service . As result , our customer base hasincreased .”Once we start to see people as individuals . and discard thestereotypes , we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone .Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differencesand similarities . It is about building better communities andorganizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our sharedhumanity .When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think wehave learned from our past , from the media, peers , family , friends ,etc , we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values . We need to train our-selvesto think differently , shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opensdoors for all of us ,creating opportunities in organizations andcommunities that benefit everyone.1. What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate?A) He just wouldn’t look her in the eye.B) He was slow in answering her questions.C) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.D) His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.2. Tiffany’s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from _____.A) Racial stereotypes. C) Racial stereotypes.B) Invalid personal bias . D) Emphasis on physical appearance3. What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalizationaccording to the author?A) Hiring qualified technical and management personnel.B) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures.C) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment.D) Expanding domestic and international markets.4. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC?A) A real estate agency. C) A cultural exchange organization.B) A personnel training company. D) A hi-tech company5. After one of the workshops ,account executive Dale realized that _____.A) He had hired the wrong person.B) He could have done more for his company.C) He had not managed his workforce well.D) He must get rid of his gender bias.6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC’s workshop?A) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted.B) It tapped into the executives’ full potential.C) It helped him make fair decisions.D) It met participants’ di verse needs.7. How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee’srequest for leave?A) He told him to get the dates right. C)He flatly turned it downB) He demanded an explanation. D)He readily approved it.8. Doug felt _____ when he realized that his assumption was wrong.9. After attending Mindsets’ workshops, the participants came to knowthe importance of _____ to their business.10. When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes , wecan achieve diversity and benefit from the _____ between us.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 Minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questionswill be asked about what was said .Both the conversation and the questionswill be spoken only once .After each question there will be a pause .During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) She expected more people at her party.B) She enjoys entertaining small children .C) She threw a surprise party for her friendD) She has always enjoyed great popularity.12. A) They are not used to living in a cold place.B) They feel lucky to live in Florida.C) They are going to have a holiday.D) They have not booked their air tickets yet.13. A) He was pleased to get the medal. C) He used to be a firefighter.(B) He was very courageous. D) He was accused of causing a fire.14。
英语四级考试真题试卷附答案
英语四级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版第1套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a ne ws report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm orga nized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words b ut no more than 180 words.______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ __________________Part III Reading prehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You a re required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices g iven in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage throug h carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is i dentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answ er Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use a ny of the words in the bank more than once.The center of American automobile innovation has in the past dec ade moved 2,000 miles away. It has __26__ from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are ing to life.In a __27__ to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced __28__ that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road."Michigan's __29__ in auto research and development is under atta ck from several states and countries which desire to __30__ our lea dership in transportation. We can't let that happen," says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead __31__ of four bills recently introduced.If all four bills pass as written, they would __32__ a substantial u pdate of Michigan's 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly tot al freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. The y would be allowed to send groups of self- driving cars on cross-stat e road trips, and even set up on-demand __33__ of self-driving cars , like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the mercial application of self-driving technology. In __34__ , Califor nia, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more __35__ rule s that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, an d ban mercial use of self-driving technology.A) bidB) contrastC) deputyD) dominanceE) fleetsF) knotsG) legislationH) migratedI) replaceJ) representK) restrictiveL) rewardM) significantN) sponsorO) transmittedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information gi ven in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than onc e. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100A) Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians (百岁老人). Worldwide, probably 450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live t o 107.B) Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for p ublic finances given the associated health and pension challenges. T hese challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address the m. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happ ens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simpl y equate longevity (长寿) with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of lif e, not just the end of it.C) Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are heal thier for longer, then this will result in an inevitable redesign of wo rk and life. When people live longer, they are not only older for long er, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying th at “70 is the new 60” or “40 the new 30.” If you age more slowly ov er a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for lon ger.D) But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which people make mitments such as buying a house, getting m arried, having children, or starting a career; These are all fundame ntal mitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962,50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that mileston e (里程碑) had shifted to age 29.E) While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one facto r is surely a growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held . So if you believe you will live longer, then options bee more valua ble, and early mitment bees less attractive. The result is that the mitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new st age of life are emerging for those in their twenties.F) Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only fo r financial reasons. Yes, unless people are prepared to save a lot mo re, our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, the n you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your lat e 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of poten tial inactivity is harmful to cognitive (认知地) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to d o it.G) And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work ma y secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life, but such p ersistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible asset s such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship. H) The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single sh ot of education, administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained,60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technologica l change, either your skills will bee unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life , have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.I) It seems likely, then’ that the traditional three-stage life will ev olve into multiple stages containing two, three, or even more diffe rent careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal a chievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or being an independent producer, yet another on making a social contri bution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different citi es, and provide a foundation for building a wide variety of skills. J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals (休假) as people find time to rest and recharge their health, re-invest i n their relationships, or improve their skills. At times, these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be force d as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.K) A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how yo u manage your career, but also in your approach to life. An increas ingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and eve n wele it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage l ife has many. That is why being self-aware, investing in broader wo rks of friends, and being open to new ideas will bee even more cruc ial skills.L) These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequen cing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.M) With this variety will e the end of the close association of age and stage. In a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all rou ghly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few yea rs of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduat e at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30,50, or 70; and bee an independent producer at any age.N) Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and so cial norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifes pans. The three-stage life of full-time education, followed by contin uous work, and then plete retirement may have worked for our par ents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believethat to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older fo r longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being young er longer.36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have mo re careers than now.37. Just extending one's career may have both positive and negati ve effects.38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their mar riage by some eight years.39. Because of their longer lifespan» young people today no longer f ollow the pattern of life of their parents or grandparents.40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people's approach to life.42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to consta ntly upgrade their skills.43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do h arm to their mental and emotional well-being.44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a m ulti-stage life.45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange t heir work and life.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. Whe n the passage is read for the first time,you should listen carefully fo r its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time,you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally,when the passage is read for the third time,you shoul d check what you have written.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow (誓约), couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife—not the husband— bees seriously ill."Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also ex periencing the stress of divorce," said researcher Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University sinc e 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partn ers was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset (发生) of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They foun d that, overall,31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The inc idence of new chronic (慢性地) illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands t han wives developing serious health problems."We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up i n the face of illness," Karraker said."They're more likely to be widowed, and if they're the ones who bee ill, they're more likely to get divorced."While the study didn't assess why divorce is more likely when wive s but not husbands bee seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible r easons."Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses," Karraker said."And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in o lder ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective part ners than divorced women."Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging p opulation, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the r elationship between disease and risk of divorce."Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves m ay reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages," she s aid."But it's also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs."46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.B) They are as binding as they used to be.C) They are not taken seriously any more.D) They may help couples tide over hard times.47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elde rly husbands?A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B) They can bee increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wiv es.48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?A) They are more likely to be widowed.B) They are more likely to get divorced.C) They are less likely to receive good care.D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouse s according to Karraker?A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.B) They find it more important to make money for the family.C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D) They expect society to do more of the job.50. What does Karraker think is also important?A) Reducing marital stress on wives.C) Providing extra care for divorced women.B) Stabilizing old couples' relations.D) Making men pay for their wives, health costs.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling's (兄弟姐妹地) name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you l ess?Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic hea d-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a mon cogni tive (认知地) error that has to do with how our memories classify and store f amiliar names.The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cogn ition, found that the "wrong" name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, frie nds. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychologic al significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, "but it does tell us who's in and who's out of the group."The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred w here the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,7 00 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; othe rs were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects a bout incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person's name. The other surveys asked ab out times when subjects had themselves called someone close to th em by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as like ly as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, bu t that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mi x up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their chil dren more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. The re was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.51. How might people often feel when they were misnamed?A) Unwanted.B) Unhappy.C) Confused.D) Indifferent.52. What did David Rubin's research find about misnaming?A) It is related to the way our memories work.B) It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C) It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D) It often causes misunderstandings among people.53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?A) Similar personality traits.B) Similar spellings of names.C) Similar physical appearance.D) Similar pronunciation of names.54. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about mi snaming?A) It more often than not hurts relationships.B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C) It is most frequently found in extended families.D) It most often occurs within a relationship group.55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?A) They suffer more frustrations.B) They bee worn out more often.C) They municate more with their children.D) They generally take on more work at home.PartⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2000多年历史。
大学英语四级写作完整课件
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模板1
• People hold different views about X./__ or __, which is better? Different people have diverse opinions upon this question(issue)./ People’s opinions are divided upon this issue.
• 2. 从内容和语言两方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和 语言是一个统一体。作文应该表达题目所规定的内容 ，而内容要通过语言来表达。既要考虑作文是否切题 ，是否用英语清楚而明确地表达了主题思想，也要考 虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。
• 3. 避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分，该 给低分的给低分，包括0分，一名阅卷人员在所评阅的 全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。
• From the above discussion, we can come to the
conclusion
that
总结观点.(可加谚语做结尾)
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高分策略: 注重结构的逻辑性
• 关联词: • 一. Addition 此外 • in addition, and，similarly，besides，furthermore，
• 1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是……
• 2. 也有人持不同意见，……
• 3. 我的看法和打算
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如何引入？ —— 一个现象
• Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
With the development of English education in China, nowadays, many attentions have been paid to spoken English skills.The question, wether students can actually use English as a communication tool after years of study, has caused hot debate.As a result, test of spoken English is becoming increasingly common in English education.But does it really necessary to set such a test?
大学英语四级考试题型及参考答案-(第一套)
大学英语四级真题解析及参考答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes towrite a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.【参考范文】:On June 14, Friday, a volunteer activity where many students took an active part in visiting the local Nursing House was organized by the Student Union and it turns out to be a big success.The activity was aimed at encouraging students to visit the elderly at the Nursing House and help elderly people deal with their troubles both physical and psychological. Many students volunteered to participate in this good deed and were engaged in helping the elderly here out by making their meals, washing their clothes and chatting with them. When asked about tho se volunteers’ feelings about such an experience, all of them responded with a smile, saying “what a wonderful practice and I really appreciate this experience, for it makes me learn to care more for others in need.”All in all, the activity turns out to be a success not only for the visited elderly but for those students involved.【参考范文译文】:6月14日，星期五，学生会组织了一个参观当地敬老院的志愿活动，许多学生都积极参与其中，该活动取得了巨大的成功。
英语四级写作
ould be based on the following outline given in English.
Outline: 1）Some people live to work 2）Other people work to live 3）Your opinion
MI
CI
TV advertising can provide us information about products.
MI
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• 篇章写作：引言段:introductory paragraph 主体段：Body 结论段：Conclusion
① 引言段介绍篇章的主要内容或观点，使读者对全篇有 一个总体概念
② 主体段从不同层次具体说明、引证或发挥引言段里所 提出的要点。
③ 结论段对全文作出概括总结，呼应引言段，使主体得 到深化。
5. 检查/修改 修改的主要任务是检查一下有无拼写和语法方面的错 误，同时注意是否用词有过多的重复。 总之，在写作时切忌一边想一边写。
• 段落安排
第一段2/3句话 （30/40 words）
例1：
When it comes to the question of whether you would do it in the same way or in a different way, if you had another chance to do something that you did in the past, some people believe that they would do it in the same way, whereas others hold opposite opinion, arguing that they would rather do it in a different way. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but for my part, I think I would do it in a different way.
英语四级作文范文Part I Writing
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Online Education. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 目前网络教育形成热潮2. 我认为形成这股热潮的原因是……3. 我对网络教育的评价Online EducationOnline EducationBeing online is no longer something strange in our life.To some degree, it has become part of our daily life. We can do a lot of things online, such as searching for information and communicating with friends far and near. But recently another helpful online activity has become very "in". That is online education.Why could online education be so popular within such a short period of time? Among all the reasons, the quick development of the internet should be the essential one, which makes our dreams of attending class in the distance possible. Another underlying reason is the quick development of both society and technology. Today, modern science and technology are developing at lightening speed. To catch up with the development we all feel an urgent and strong desire to study. However, due to the great pace of modern society, many people are too busy to study full time at school. Online education just comes to their aid.来Personally, I appreciate this new form of education. It’s indeed a helpful complement to the traditional education system. It can provide different learners with more flexible and versatile ways of learning. Most of all, with online education, we can absorb the latest knowledge while working.Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 在大企业工作的特点2. 在小企业工作的特点3. 我的选择To Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond?Part I WritingTo Be a Small Fish in a Big Pond or a Big Fish in a Small Pond?There are distinct differences between being a small fish in a bigpond and a big fish in a small pond, so it is with working as a subordinate in a large enterprise and presiding in a small firm.With the former, you can derive a deep sense of satisfaction from being a member of a well-known organization such as General Motors, or the Bell. You have the opportunities of learning from experienced executives and knowing about the standard working process.With the latter, you have greater responsibilities and your decision may bring immediate effect. Normally you are exposed to various experiences and expected to do a great many things without much help or guidance, which will indeed improve your abilities.Personally I prefer to work in a small firm, where I have great prospect of promotion as long as I work hard. And I'm sure I'll become an important figure within my small pond.Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Styles of Living. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 有些人愿意和父母居住在一起2. 有些人想自己独立居住3. 我的看法Styles of LivingStyles of LivingSome people enjoy living together with their parents after the have grown up. They think that by living with parents they can take better care of their parents and vice versa. Meanwhile, they can turn to their parents for help if they get into trouble or have some difficulties. To them, life in a big family seems to be more enjoyable than that in a small one.Others, however, prefer living separately. They cherish the idea of being independent, and wish to have a place of their own. Besides, they don't want to be overprotected by their parents, but long for the opportunities to face the society by themselves.As for me, I like an independent life style. Different generations have different life styles and values. What one generation likes may not be another generation's fondness. In order to avoid conflicts, the best way is to live separately. In addition, by leading an independent life, I can develop my own ability to deal with the difficulties in my life. So I want to live by myself.Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: The Importance of keeping A Good Mood. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1. 人们每天都生活在压力之下2. 所以说保持一个好的心情是十分重要的3. 我的观点和原因The Importance of Keeping A Good MoodIn today's increasingly competitive world it is essential to maintain a positive attitude towards life. To put it in a metaphor, keeping a good mood is a foundation upon which our life is built.Keeping a good mood is important because it can help us solve various problems in life. The following two situations can enable us to clearly see how a positive attitude helps us cope with unpleasant things. Take English learning for example. In our effort to grasp English, mistakes are unavoidable. From one perspective mistakes are annoying, but a positive attitude can make us realize that only through making mistakes can a learner be expected to make progress. Sometimes one may come down with a serious cold, feeling depressed. But a change in attitude will enable us to look at the matter from a positive perspective. The illness may teach us the importance of health.As we can see, keeping a good mood can help us to deal with mistakes in the right way and find comfort in time of sorrow. Its importance cannot be denied.Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:给你的外国朋友写一封信，告诉他(她)你已经被美国的一所大学录取，但你苦恼的是自己的听力和口语水平不够，你想寻求他(她)对于如何提高听力和口语的建议。
四级英文作文三种题型模板
四级英文作文三种题型模板英文回答：Part 1: Narrative Writing。
Instructions:Write a story about a time when you faced a challenge and overcame it. Include specific details and vivid language to bring the experience to life.Template:Introduction:Begin with a hook to capture the reader's attention.Briefly introduce the challenge you faced.State the purpose of writing the story.Body:Describe the details of the challenge in chronological order.Explain the emotions you felt during the experience.Show how you developed a plan or strategy to overcome the challenge.Describe the obstacles you encountered and how you overcame them.Use sensory details, dialogue, and vivid language to bring the story to life.Conclusion:Summarize your experience and the lessons you learned.Reflect on the impact the challenge had on you.End with a closing statement or quote that reinforces the main message.Part 2: Argumentative Writing。
2022年12月大学英语四级考试真题第三套试题(后附答案与听力原文)
2022年12月大学英语四级考试真题（三）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: In this task, you are to write an essay on the necessity of developing social skills for college students. You will have 30 minutes for t如task.You should write at least丝Q words but no more than拉O words.Part ll Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)淘宝店铺（学海无涯教育）提醒您：2022年12月四级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全相同，只是顺序不同，故听力题不再重复列出。
Part]1[ Section A Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your c加ices.应ch choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not u.s,e any of the叨rds in the bank more than once.Phones influence all aspects of teenage life. Ninety-five percent of Americans ages 13 to 17 have a smartphone or have access to one, and nearly half report using the internet "almost _1L."But as recent survey data and interviews have suggested, many teens find much of that time to be unsatisfyingly spent. Continuous ___J,J_ shouldn't be mistaken for endless enjoyment. A new ---1§ representative survey about "screen time and device distractions" from the Pew Research Center indicates that it's not just parents who think teenagers are worryingly ____1L from their phones—many teens themselves do too. Fifty-four percent of the 13-to-17-year-olds surveyed said they spend too much time � in their phones.Vicky Rideout, who runs a research firm that studies children's interactions with media and technology, was not surprised by this finding. She says it's hardly 31. to teenagers. "They are dealing with the same challenges that adults are, as far as they are living in the __lL of a tech environment designed to suck as much of their time onto their devices as possible," Rideout says.The way parents interact with technology can -� the way they interact with their kids. Rideout thus thinks it's up to parents to model good __l!_: Kids tend to take note if their parents put their phone away at dinner or charge it in another room while they sleep. Witnessing habits like that can help kids "realize that they can _l.L some more control over their devices," she says.A)absorbedB)addictedC)behaviorD)constantlyE)contextF)exerciseG)inseparableH)nationally Section B I)recruited J)shape K)solution L)specific M) summary N)usage 0)vaguelyDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.应ch statement contains information given in one of the pa.ragraphs. Identify the pa.ragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a pa.ragraph more than once.压ch pa.ragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by ma rking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Evil GeniusA)A few years ago I found myself teaching a university class on evil. It was for third-year criminology students to help them contextualize theory and research within controversial current topics. It was a huge success. The debates were heated and interesting. I could see people's views change within the course of a single lecture. Over the past 13 years, as a student, lecturer and researcher, I've enjoyed discussing the science of evil with anyone willing to listen. W hat I like most is destroying the cliche（陈词滥调）of good and evil, and replacing them with scientific insight. We need a more informed way of discussing behavior that at first we cannot, or should not, begin to understand.B) Without understanding, we risk dehumanizing others, writing off human beings simply because wedon't comprehend them. We must try to understand what we have labeled evil. We tend to think evil is something that other people are. We think of ourselves as "good people", and even when we do morally wrong things, we understand the context of our decisions. With others, however, it is far easier to write them off. If their actions deviate（偏离）substantially from what we consider acceptable, we may label them evil. We need to be careful with this. Calling someone evil is often similar to saying they cannot change, and perhaps aren't even a human at all. However, when you actually go monster-hunting, and you look deeply at the people behind shocking behavior, you may be surprised.C)As a child I used to love the Scooby-Doo carto o ns. Arriving in their "Mystery Machine", the gangwould have to find a monster who was terrorizing a neighborhood. T hey would run around looking for clues and at the end unmask the bad guy. It was always a normal person in a costume. There were no monsters. Like the Scooby crew, we may find ourselves hunting for an easy fix, one word for people who do bad things. But if we take a good look, the word'evil'is insufficient—there are no simple explanations for why humans do bad things, instead there are many, and they are all marvelously different.D)Evil is typically referred to when there is deviance from social norms, formal deviance is the violationof laws, like theft, murder, and attacks, while informal deviance involves violations of social norms, like lying. Evil behavior is typically thought to embrace one or both forms. However, deviance can also describe a behavior that simply differs from the norm.E)Perhaps this is where we can find the good side of our bad side.Deviating from the norm can make usvillains（恶棍），but it can also make us heroes. A child deviates from social pressures when they stand up for another child being bullied in school. A soldier deviates when they choose not to follow orders to kill an innocent civilian. An employee in a big tech company deviates when they expose its wrongdoings.F)Creativity is also a deviation. Here, too, things are complex. Thinking creatively has given us modernmedicine, technology and modern political structures, but it has also given us poison and nuclear weapons. Great benefit and great harm can come from the same human tendency.G)In a research paper, Evil Genius, published in 2014, the behavioral scientists Francesca Gino andScott Wiltermuth wanted to examine whether people who behave unethically in one task are more creative than others on a subsequent task, even after controlling for differences in baseline creative skills. The unethical behavior they chose was dishonesty.H)Over five experiments researchers gave participants tasks in which they could cheat. In one study, theywere given血trixes（矩阵）and had to find two numbers that added up to 10. Participants were asked to self-report how well they did at the end of the study, 59% cheated by saying that they solved more matrixes than they actually had.I)After each task, the researchers measured participants'performance on the Remote Associates Test.This shows participants three words at a time that appear to be unrelated, and the person has to think of a fourth word that is associated with all of them. For example, you might get "Fox, Man, Peep", or "Dust, Cereal, Fish". In order to find the linking words ("Hole" for the first, "Bowl" for the second) you need to be creative. The more you get right, the more creative you are thought to be because you have come up with uncommon associations.J)For every one of the five studies, they found the same thing—participants who cheated in the first task did better on the creativity task. Why? Like other forms of unethical behavior, lying means breaking rules. It involves being deviant, going against the social principle that people should tell the truth.Similarly, being creative involves "thinking outside the box", deviating from expectations. They involve similar thought patterns, so stimulating one stimulates the other. Can we learn from this?Perhaps. To be more creative, we could try lying in a controlled environment. Find online logic games and cheat at them, play Scrabble（拼宇游戏）with a dictionary, or write a story about something that is untrue? Such tasks can get our brains thinking flexibly, beyond our normal comfort zone. This is nota call to become a compulsive（强迫性的）liar,but a controlled liar.K)In addition to benefits for creativity, deviance can be a good thing in other ways. Even Philip Zimbardo, the author of the Stanford prison experiment, who showed how easily we can be led to behave badly, believes that the future of deviance research may lie more in understanding extreme prosocial behavior, such as heroism. Like evil, we often view heroism as only a possibility for outliers— for people who are abnormal. But Zimbardo asks, "What if the capability to act heroically is also fundamentally ordinary and available to all of us?" Some say we should never meet our heroes, lest they disappoint us when we find out how normal they are. But this should be liberating, not disappointing. We are all capable of behaving like outliers. It's time for us to understand deviance, and realize its potential for good as well as for harm.36.A behavior that does not conform to social norms may be described as being deviant.37.Various experiments found that participants who cheated in the initial task performed better in thecreativity test.38.People may be simply considered evil if their behaviors are morally unacceptable to us.39.The research published by two scientists was intended to examine the relationship between dishonestyand creativity.40.The author's lectures sparked lively discussions in his class.41.The researchers tested the participants'creativity by asking them to play a word game.42. It is time we realized that deviance may be capable of doing both good and harm to individuals andsociety.43.The reasons for people's evil behaviors can be explained in more ways than one.44.The math task in one experiment was designed to test participants'tendency to cheat.45.So m e creative ideas have turned out to do harm to human society.Section CDirections:'I',加re are 2 passages in this section．应ch passage is followed by some questions or unfinis加d statements. For each of加m t加re are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on t加best choice and mark t加corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Even though we are living in an age where growing old is thought of as an inevitable misery, this doctor has been changing the game for seniors over the last 25 years.It all started in 1991 when the Harvard-educated physician was transferred from working in a stressful emergency room to being the medical director of a nursing home in upstate New York. The depressing and regimented（严格管制的）environment got him thinking on what exactly could improve the residents' conditions.Even though animals in nursing homes were illegal at the time, Dr. Bill Thomas took a chance. Based on a hunch（直觉），he brought in two dogs, four cats, hens, rabbits, 100 birds, a multitude of plants, a flower garden, and a vegetable patch.The change was dramatic. There was a 50% drop in medical prescriptions along with a dramatic decrease in death rates—but most importantly, the residents were simply happier.Dr. Thomas's approach, named the Eden Alternative, has driven nursing homes to allow a more autonomous (自主的）and creative living space for their elderly. It erases the belief that growing old means growing useless. He encourages residents to think of their age as an enriching new phase of life rather than the end of it.Thomas, now a speaker and author of several books, also created small, independently-run residences with their own bedrooms and bathrooms, and he has been preaching a singular message that getting old is not a bad thing."Within six weeks, they had to send a truck around to pick up all the wheelchairs," Thomas told the Washington Post. "You know why most people in nursing homes use wheelchairs? Because the buildings are so big."The 56-year-old doctor's methods have been adopted in Australia, Japan, Canada, and America with enormous success. Last year he published Second Wind: Navigating t如Passage to a Slower, Deeper, and More Connected Life, a guide on how to shift our perspectives on aging and growth.He is currently traveling through North America performing with his guitar and his enthusiasm on his Age of Disruption Tour.46.What has Bill Thomas been doing for a quarter of a century?A)Transforming people's lifestyle.B)Honoring his Harvard education.C)Changing people's philosophy of life.D)Shifting people's perspective on aging.47.Why did Bill Thomas try something different in the nursing home?A)He wanted to make it more pleasant for seniors.B)He wanted to apply his Harvard training to practice.C)He felt it his duty to revolutionize its management.D)He felt disappointed working in the environment.48.What do we learn about Bill Thomas bringing animals and plants into the nursing home?A)He made a mess of the nursing home.B)He did something all professionals would do.C)He won instant support from the state authorities.D)He acted in violation of the state law.49.What has Bill Thomas been persistently advocating?A)Good health is not just a privilege of the young.B)Nursing homes should be strictly limited in size.C)Getting old is by no means something miserable.D)Residences for seniors should be run independently.50.How is Bill Thomas's new concept received?A)It is gaining gr o und in many countries.B)It is being heatedly debated worldwide.C)It is considered revolutionary everywhere.D)It is winning approval from the government.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following p邸吨e.Research shows that in developed countries, more affluent and educated people tend to consume higher-quality diets一including more fruits and vegetables, fish and whole grains. On the contrary, economically disadvantaged people report diets that are nutrient-poor and energy-dense. They are less likely to have food-purchasing habits that conform to public health recommendations.These dietary differences are often accompanied by higher rates of obesity and diabetes among lowerincome people. This relationship between social class and diet quality and health is extensively documented. However, the research does not explain why this is the case--a question that has significant implications for designing effective policies and initiatives to improve diets and prevent chronic diseases.Public-health initiatives to promote healthy diets often focus on providing nutrition education and recipes（食谱）．These approaches, however, often presume less food literacy (i.e. food knowledge and skills) among low-income people. Are unhealthy diets really the result of poor choices, limited food skills and knowledge?Research suggests that adults in food-insecure households are just as likely as those in food-secure households to adjust recipes to make them more healthy. They are also just as proficient in food preparation and cooking skills. There is no indication that increasing food skills or budgeting skills will reduce food insecurity.Instead, disadvantaged groups are constrained by their economic, material and social circumstances. For example, low income is the strongest predictor of food insecurity in Canada, where one in eight households experiences insufficient access to nutritious foods.It's well-established that food prices are an important determinant of food choice. Low-incomehouseholds report that they find it difficult to adopt dietary guidelines because food prices are a barrier to improving their diets.When researchers estimate the cost of diets people actually eat, higher-quality diets are typically more costly.While this may be so, it does not, in itself, prove that healthy diets are necessarily more expensive or cost-prohibitive. After all, not all socioeconomically disadvantaged people consume poor diets.We can easily think of a number of f o ods and recipes that are both inexpensive and nutritious. The internet is full of recipes for "eating well on a budget."51.What can we learn from research on diets in developed countries?A)Dietary recommendations are not fit for underprivileged people.B)People from different social groups vary in ·their dietary habits.C)People's choice of food depends on their individual taste.D) There is no consensus on what high-quality diets are.52.What does the author say is important in formulating policies to improve diets and health?A)A better understanding of the relationship between social class and health.B)A greater emphasis on studying the cause of obesity and chronic diseases.C)Prioritizing the provision of better nutrition for lower classes.D)Designing education programs and initiatives on public health.53.What does research reveal about adults in food-insecure households?A)Their eating habits need to be changed.B)Their food literacy has been improving.C) They do not pay much attention to their food recipes.D)They do not lack food knowledge or budgeting skills.54.What would help improve food security among the disadvantaged groups in Canada?A) Teaching them budgeting skills.B)Increasing their food choices.C)Enabling them to have more access to nutritious foods.D)Taking more effective measures to increase food supplies.55.What does the author suggest disadvantaged people do to improve their health?A)Adopt a positive attitude towards dietary guidelines.B)Choose diets that are both healthy and affordable.C)Make sure to purchase healthy foods on the internet.D) Change their eating habits and consumption patterns.Part N Translation (30 minutes)Directions For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You s加uld write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.圣(Winter Solstice)是全年白昼最短、黑夜最长的一天，标志着一年中最寒冷时节的开始。
大学英语四级考试写作篇letters
大学英语四级考试写作篇letters大学英语四级考试写作篇（三）——书信2000年开始，四级作文的命题趋势由议论文写作，逐渐倾向于更能体现有用意义，体现考生实力的记叙文、描写文，以及书信、演说类应用文写作。
应用文是考查考生英语表达基本功的最佳方式之一。
在类型上包含有问、投诉、介绍、请求、建议、道歉、邀请、谢谢等私人信件和公务信函，以及开幕、欢迎、等致辞内容。
此外，便签、通知和广告的写法也属于应用文范畴。
信函，作为浮现频率较高的作文试题，是大学英语四级考试取得好成绩的重要预备项目。
在这类题型中，考生被给定某个特定场景，要求在明白的基础上给相关人士写一封短信，在信中明确表达写信的缘故、动机、目的和愿望等。
信件内容多种多样，都源于日常日子，只要掌握英语书信的基本格式，掌握其写作语言，就能在应试中写出高质量的文章，得到高分。
[审题思路]在写书信时，除了信首的称呼和信尾的签名、降款之外，信的要紧内容体如今信的主体部分。
普通来讲，信的主体包括以下三个部分：●简短的咨询候，自我介绍，引出话题，提出写信的目的。
●就上面所提及的咨询题，运用举例、比较、因果等手段举行展开阐释。
●总结补充，提出解决咨询题的方案或对咨询题的解决表示期盼。
并以简单的结束语收尾。
[写作模式]书信类的作文能够是商业信函(business letter)，也能够是私人信函(personal letter)，遇到题目时要能迅速作出推断，以便进一步确定选词、造句、行文的风格。
商业信函，普通格式严整、语言正式，写作时要注意其固定的客套语言和行文模式。
类型有：问信、申请信、推举信、邀请信、投诉信等以及与之相应的回复信件。
私人信函，是认识的人见联络感情的方式，语言较为随意，格式上也有非常多省略。
信件的要紧内容包括以下几点：●称呼(Addressing)●写信的目的及自我介绍(Purpose of the Letter & Self-introduction)●背景事情介绍(Background Information)●解释事情、讲明咨询题(Explanation Analysis)●希翼与要求(Need & Demand)●结束语(Closing Remarks)●签名(Signature)[常见格式]书信作为应用文体，具有别同于普通作文的特别格式，然而大体上也能够固定为“三段式”。
2020年大学英语四级考试真题及解析(第二套)
2020年大学英语四级考试真题及解析（第二套）一、PartⅠWriting(30minutes)1.Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay on the use of PowerPoint(PPT)in class.You can start your essay with the sentence“The use of PowerPoint is becoming increasingly popular in class”.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.输入答案内容...【答案】【参考范文】In recent years,using PPT is becoming increasingly prevalent among teachers while having classes.PPT can present knowledge in a clearer way, which will be more convenient for students to digest.And for teachers, PPT also rescues them from writing on the blackboard,which is sometimes a heavy work.Besides,PPT can be saved and copied for students to review after class.But for people who prefer the traditional class,they think PPT can never replace the blackboard.As when having class with PPT,students have less time taking notes.Meanwhile,some teachers say preparing PPT is very time-consuming and not efficient at all.From what has been discussed above,PPT does have strengths and weaknesses.But I believe it brings so much convenience for us that we can ignore the few weakness it has.And when using it,we can still take the blackboard as an aid so as to present the class in the best way.【审题构思】本次考查的话题“PowerPoint”贴近于生活，让考生就课堂使用PPT的现象，发表自己的看法。
大学英语四级考试真题试卷及答案
⼤学英语四级考试真题试卷及答案2016年6⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题试卷(⼀)及答案Part Ⅰ Writing ? ?? （30minutes）(请于正式开考后半⼩时内完成该部分，之后将进⾏听⼒考试) Directions：For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends whohelped you most when you were in difficulty. You shouldwrite at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news reports and the questions willbe spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) How college students can improve their sleep habits.B) Why sufficient sleep is important for college students.C) Why college students are more likely to have stress problems.D) How college students can handle their psychological problems.2.A) It is not easy to improve on e’s sleep habits.B) It is not good for students play video games.C) Students who are better prepared generally get higher scoresin examinations.D) Making last-minute preparations for tests may be lesseffective than sleeping.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) Whether more airports should be built around London.B) Whether adequate investment is being made to improve airportfacilities.C) Whether the British Airports Authority should sell off someof its assets.D) Whether the Spanish company could offer better service.4.A) Inefficient management. C) Lack ofinnovation and competitionB) Poor ownership structure. D) Lack of runwayand terminal capacityQuestions 5 and 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes.B) Set a limit to the production of their cigarettes.C) Take steps to reduce nicotine in their products.D) Study the effects of nicotine on young smokers.6.A) The biggest increase in nicotine content tended to be in brandsyoung smokers like.B) Big tobacco companies were frank with their customers aboutthe hazards of smoking.C) Brands which contain higher nicotine content were found to bemuch more popular.D) Tobacco companies refused to discuss the detailed nicotine oftheir products.7.A) They promised to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes.B) They have not fully realized the harmful effect of nicotine.C) They were not prepared to comment on the cigarette study.D) They will pay more attention to the quality of their products. Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversation.At the end of each conversation, you will heat fourquestion. Both the conversation and the questions willbe spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 8 and 11 are based on the news report you have just heard.8.A) Indonesia. C) Sweden.B) Holland. D) England9.A) Getting a coach who can offer real help. C) Leaning a languagewhere it is not spoken.B) Talking with her boyfriend in Dutch. D) Acquiring thenecessary ability to socialize.10.A) Listening to language programs on the radio.B) Trying to speak it as much as one can.C) Making friends with native speakers.D) Practicing reading aloud as often as possible.11.A) It creates an environment for socializing.B) It offers various courses with credit points.C) It trains young people’s leadership abilities.D) It provides opportunities for language practice.Questions 12 and 15 are based on the news report you have just heard.12.A) The impact of engine design on road safety.B) The role policemen play in traffic safety.C) A sense of freedom driving gives.D) Rules and regulations for driving.13.A) Make cars with automatic control. C) Make cars that areless powerful.B) Make cars that have better brakes. D) Make cars withhigher standard.14.A) They tend to drive responsibly. C) They keep withinspeed limits.B) They like to go at high speed. D) They followtraffic rules closely.15.A) It is a bad idea. C) It is as effectiveas speed bumps.B) It is not useful. D) It should becombined with education.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1witha single line through the centre.Questions 16 and 18 are based on the news report you have just heard.16.A) The card got damaged. C) The card readerfailed to do the scanning.B) The card was found invalid. D) The card readerbroke down unexpectedly.17.A) By covering the credit card with a layer of plastic.B) By calling the credit card company for confirmation.C) By seeking help from the card reader maker Verifone.D) By typing the credit card number into the cash register.18.A) Affect the sales of high-tech appliances.B) Change the lifestyle of many Americans.C) Give birth to many new technological inventions.D) Produce many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures. Questions 19 and 21 are based on the news report you have just heard.19.A) They are set by the dean of the graduate school.B) They are determined by the advising board.C) They leave much room for improvement.D) They vary among different departments.20.A) By consulting the examining committee. C) By contactingthe departmental office.B) By reading the Bulletin of Information. D) By visitingth e university’s website.21.A) They specify the number of credits students must earn.B) They are harder to meet than those for undergraduates.C) They have to be approved by the examining committee.D) They are the same among various divisions of the university. Questions 22 and 25 are based on the news report you have just heard.22.A) Students majoring in nutrition. C) Ph.D.candidates in dieting.B) Student in health classes. D) Middle andhigh school teachers.23.A) Its overestimate of the effect of dieting. C) Itschanging criteria for beauty.B) Its mistaken conception of nutrition. D) Itsoverestimate on thinness.24.A) To illustrate her point that beauty is but skin deep.B) To demonstrate the magic effect of dieting on women.C) To explain how computer images can be misleading.D) To prove that technology has impacted our culture.25.A) To persuade girls to stop dieting.B) To promote her own concept of beauty.C) To establish an emotional connection with students.D) To help students rid themselves of bad living habits.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank froma list of choices given in a word bank following thepassage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is indentified bya letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for eachitem on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through thecentre. You may not use any of the words in the bank morethan once.Signs barring cell-phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room. But the __(26) popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital-based doctors to become ____（27）on computers throughout the day， and desktops-which keep doctors from besides-are____（28）giving way to wirelessdevices.As clerical loads increased， "something had to ____（29）， and that was always face time with patients，" says Dr. Bhakti Patel, a former chief resident in the University of Chicago's internal-medicine program. In fall 2010, she helped____（30）a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care. The experiment was so ____（31）that all internal-medicine program adopted the same ____（32）in 2011. Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless， iPad-based curriculums. "You'll want an iPad just so you can wear this" is the slogan for one of the new lab coats ___（33）with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers.A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and___（34）faster if they were cared for by iPad-equipped residents. Many patients also ___（35）a better understanding of the illnesses that landed them in the hospital in the first place.theYou maytheAncient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good Life[A]Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that isincreasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University's philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.[B]The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, saysSoupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. "There is no expiration(失效)date on wisdom," he says "There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these day, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot ofwhat the ancients would have called sophistry(诡辩). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today."Examine your life[C] Soupies, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas,developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy-Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule-examine your life-is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato's observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. "The Greek are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions(信念)," he says. "So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships."Stop worrying about what you can not control[D] As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No.2: Worry only about things that you can control. "The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher His name is Epictetus, "he says." And what the Stoics say in general is simply this. There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimerisions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan."[E]So, Soupios explains, it is not worth it to waste our physical,intellectual and spiritual energy worrying about things that are beyond our control. "I can not control whether or not I wind up getting the disease swine flu, for example." He says. "I mean, there are some cautious steps. I can take, but ultimately I can not guarantee myself that. So what Epictetus would say is sitting at home worrying about that would be wrong and wasterful and irrational. You should live your life attempting to identify and control those things which you can genuinely control."Seek true pleasure[F]To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But accordingto Aristotle-a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great-most relationships don't qualify as true friendships."Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend." Soupios says. "Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It isa beautiful and uncharacteristically poctic image that Aristotleoffers."[G]In our pursuit of the good life, he says, it is important to seekout true pleasures-advice which was originally offered by Epicurus. But unlike the modern definition of Epicureanism asa life of indulgence(放纵)and luxury, for the ancient Greeks,it meant finding a state of calm, peace and mental case. [H]"This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure andhappiness for the ancient Epicureans." Soupios says. "This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in mental and spiritual, which was identified by these people as the gighest form of happiness and pleasure." Do good to others[I]Other golden rules counsel us to master ourselves, to avoidexcess and not to be a prosperous(发迹的)fool. There are also rules dealing with interpersonal relationships. Be a responsible human being and do not do evil things to others.[J]"This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer," Soupios says. "Hesiod offers an idea-which you very often find in some of the word's great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam an others-that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life, trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted(⾃⼰招致的)spiritual wound."[K]Instead, Soupios says,ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No.10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.[L]"This is Aesop, the fabulist(寓⾔家), the man of these charming little tales, often told in terms of animals and animal relationships." He says. "I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being. One can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is noconcrete benefit paid in response to you good deed. At the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritually enlightened moment."[M]Soupios say following the 10 Golden Rules based on ancient wisdom can guide us to the path of the good life where we stop livingas onlookers and become engaged and happier human beings. And that, he notes, is a life worth living.36. According to an ancient Greek philosopher, it is impossible forus to understand every aspect of our life.37. Ancient Philosophers saw life in a different light from peopleof today.38. Not all your business partners are your soul mates.39. We can live a peaceful life despite the various challenges ofthe modern world.40. The doer of a good deed can feel spiritually rewarded even whenthey gain no concrete benefits.41. How to achieve meatal calmness and contentment is well worthour consideration today.42. Michael Soupios suggests that we should stop and think carefullyabout our priorities in life.43. Ancient philosophers strongly advise that we do good.44. The wise teachings of ancient Greek thinkers are timeless, andare applicable to contemporary life.45. Do harm to others and you do harm to yourself.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Attitudes toward new technologies often along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift.It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn't seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they'd like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.The face that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now-and no one can get one yet-but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly engaged.Actually, this isn't surprising. Whereas older generations are sometime reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic useeases for driverless cars.This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-relatedtechnologies than older ones.When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education, 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less. Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lives in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas.While there's reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person's age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can be becoming mainstream. Once driverless cares are actually available for safe, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.46. What happens when a new technology emergesA) It further widens the gap between the old and the young.B) It often leads to innovations in other related fields.C) It contribute greatly to the advance of society as a whole.D) It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.47. What does the author say about the driverless carA) It does not seem to create a generational divide.B) It will not necessarily reduce road accidents.C) It may start a revolution in the car industry.D) It has given rise to unrealistic expectations.48. Why does the driverless car appeal to some old peopleA) It saves their energy. B) It helps with their mobility.C) It adds to the safety of their travel. D) It stirs up their interest in life.59. What is likely to affect one's attitude toward the driverless carA) The location of their residence. B) The amount oftheir special interestC) The amount of training they received. D) The length of their driving experience.50. Who are likely to be the first to buy the driverless carA) The senior. B) The educated.C) The wealthy. D) The tech fans. Passage TwoQuestion 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.In agrarian(农业的),pre-industrial Europe, "you'd want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you'd go back to work," says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific, "Later, at 5 or 6, you'd have a smaller supper."This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family, "Meal are the foundation of the family,' says Carole Couniban. a professor at Millersville University in Peensylvania, "so there was a very important interconnection between eating together" and strength-eating family ties. Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder. With the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand. Certainly, there were benefits. Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a tremendous, increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestors.Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy. It's no secret that the Mediterranean diet ishealthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and cat. Italians, says Counihan, traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p.m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little tolerance for offices' closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can't make it home and back fast enough anyway. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day. the only one at which the family has a chance to get together. "The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals" says Counihan 51. What do we learn from the passage about people in pre-industrial EuropeA) They had to work from early morning till late at night.B) They were so busy working that they only ate simple meals.C) Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.D) Their life was much more comfortable than that of today.52. What does Professor Carole Counihan say about. pre-industrial European families eating meals togetherA) It was helpful to maintaining a nation's tradition.B) It brought family members closers to each other.C) It was characteristic of the agrarian culture.D) It enabled families to save a lot of money.53. What does "cultural metabolism"(Line 1 ,Para. 3) refer toA) Evolutionary adaptation. B) Changes in lifestyle.C) Social progress. D) Pace of life.54. What does the author think of the food people eat todayA) Its quality is usually guaranteed.B) It is varied, abundant and nutritious.C) It is more costly than what our ancestors ate.D) Its production depends too much on technology.55. What does the author say about Italians of the old days.A) They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.B) They ate a big dinner late in the evening.C) They ate three meals regularly every day.D) They were expert at cooking meals.Part Ⅳ Translation (30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translatea passage from Chinese into English. You should write youranswer on Answer Sheet 2.功夫（Kung Fu）是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称。
四级写作
大学英语四级辅导资料：写作概述一．CET-4写作要求《大学英语四级考试大纲》规定：写作(Writing)部分测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，分值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。
考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等，写出一篇不少于120词的短文。
写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。
二．CET-4评分原则（1）CET作文题采用总体评分方法。
阅卷人就总的印象给出奖励分，不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。
（2）从内容和语言两方面对作文进行综合评判。
内容和语言是一个统一体。
作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。
要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成了理解上的障碍。
针对这些原则，在写作中要注意：1.重视内容和语言2. 尽量避免语法错误3. 语言要有闪光点三．CET-4评分标准．(1)本题满分为15分。
(2)阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。
(3)阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照阅卷评分，如果认为与某一分数(如8分)相似，则定为该分数(即8分)；如果认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加1分(即9分)或减1分(即7分)。
但不得加减半分。
(4)评分标准：2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
5分--基本切题。
表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重语言错误。
8分--基本切题。
表达思想比较清楚，文章尚连贯，但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误。
11分--切题。
表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。
14分--切题。
表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好，基本上无语言错误。
注：白卷、作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而思想无法表达，则给0分。
(5)字数不足应酌情扣分：此外，对于规定三段的作文，只写一段者得0-4分，只写两段者得0-7分。
注：1.如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得计入所写字数。
专业四级写作writing--body part
主体论证段落1. 内容构成主体的论证短多一般分为4-8句，其基本构成是：主题句（topic sentence）---论证部分（supporting sentences）---主题强调句或引申句（concluding sentence）.其中的论证部分是段落的主体，是对主题句的具体解释说明和论证。
论证的方法多种多样，专四作文的常见论证方法包括：例证法、驳论论证法、引用名言/专家观点、层进式推理法。
专四作文中，通常不只用一种论证方式。
例如，不要全篇只使用例证这一论证方式，这样容易让文章显得索然无味，考生可综合使用2-3种论证方式，让文章读起来有理有据，以理服人。
2. 常用的四种论证方法（1）例证法E.g.1. Secondly, reality television shows may exert positive influences on viewers. Because reality TV is known to be “real”, it holds a certain quality which makes people realize certain personal qualities and flaws. For example, an obese person watching The Biggest Loser can gain the sense of realization and final determination and motivation to lose weight. In this case, it can be seen as the mirror of oneself.这一段采用了典型的正面例证法。
首先第一句就是本段的主题句reality television shows may exert positive influences on viewers,开门见山提出作者的论据：真人秀节目能对观众产生积极影响；接着用For example引出《超级减肥王》让一位肥胖者获得决心、动力减肥的例子来论证真人秀节目对观众的积极意义。
2023年6月四级真题第一套
2023年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:Suppose your university is conducting a survey to collect students’ opinions of online classes.You are to write a response to the survey about their advantages and disadvantages, andwhat improvements can be made. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write atleast 120 words but no more than 180 words._____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A. She was involved in a conflict with bird lovers.B. She was charged with mistreating animals.C. She was on bad terms with her neighbors.D. She was accused of violating a city law.2. A. It will take time to solve the rat problem.B. All wild animals should be well protected.C. The woman was not to blame for the situation.D. No one should go unpunished for violating law.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A. Communicate with astronauts in Mars Dune Alpha.B. Work in an environment resembling Mars.C. Build a Martian habitat in Houston.D. Send in applications before Friday.4. A. Ready-made food. B. Food that is organic.C. Food they grow.D. Potatoes mostly.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A. He apologized for scratching an athlete’s gold medal.B. He was asked to present a gold medal to Miu Goto.C. He bit a softball player’s Olympic gold medal.D. He attracted public attention at a media event.6. A. Have another picture taken with the Olympic medalist.B. Apologize to the International Olympic Committee.C. Get the damaged medal repaired.D. Pay for the cost of a new medal.7. A. Allow no one to touch them. B. See them as symbols of honor.C. Treat them as treasures.D. Keep them in a safe place.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A. She covered its screen with a plastic sheet. B. She connected it with her smartphone.C. She decorated it with colorful stickers.D. She bought some new software for it.9. A. It may not be simply blue. B. It includes unnatural light.C. It is more harmful to young people.D. It induces people to fall asleep.10. A. He has had much trouble falling asleep. B. He has had some sort of health problems.C. He has stayed up playing computer games.D. He has been burdened with excessive work.11. A. Exposure to blue light is the chief cause of obesity.B. Sleep may be more important than people assumed.C. Sleep may also be negatively affected by natural light.D. Overuse of electronic devices may cause heart disease.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A. What they wanted to be when grown up. B. What their favorite cartoon character was.C. What they learned from computer games.D. What they liked to do most after school.13. A. A stock broker. B. A pop singer.C. A mechanical engineer.D. A basketball player.14. A. Ambitious. B. Sensible. C. Imaginative. D. Practical.15. A. Relax their strict control of their kids. B. Help their kids understand themselves.C. Impose their own dreams on their kids.D. Dismiss their high expectations of their kids. Section CDirections:In this section，you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through thecentre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. Set up company branches. B. Improve its infrastructure.C. Introduce iPhones into its markets.D. Promote Internet ready phones.17. A. They cater to Africans’ needs. B. They are more expensive models.C. They are more powerful and capable.D. They boast the longest battery life.18. A. A large touchscreen. B. An old-school keypad.C. A voice-response device.D. A digitally-designed system.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. It ensured sustainable economic growth. B. It was strongly opposed by manufacturers.C. It was cheaper than using fossil fuel plastic.D. It satisfied consumer demands on the whole.20. A. The capacity to mass produce it.B. The U.S. federal government’s regulations.C. A boom in market demand for clear plastic bottles.D. A rapid increase in U. S. petroleum chemical production.21. A. Require companies to use 30% of new plastic.B. Increase the supply of new plastic in the market.C. Reduce the amount of plastic pollution in local areas.D. Take measures to promote the use of recycled plastic.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A. It studies dreams. B. It rents a place for nap-takers.C. It is a hotel for business people.D. It is a nap research institute.23. A. To find out creative people’s work performance.B. To see how many people can go without napping.C. To understand the obvious importance of napping.D. To feel how difficult it is to get his idea across.24. A. They decline due to pointless meetings.B. They depend on his ability to concentrate.C. They enable him to enjoy a creative career.D. They are affected by the overuse of social media.25. A. Some bosses associate napping with laziness.B. Many office workers nap during work hours.C. Some bosses can concentrate without napping.D. Many of his friends daydream in the office.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identifiedby a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with asingle line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.You probably haven’t taken the time to thin k of all the work that went into creating the shirt on your back. I mean, how hard it could be to create fabric and 26 it into a shirt shape. Don’t machines do all that? Well, creating fabric from cotton, which is the most 27 clothing material, is actually a process that involves a lot of water, 2,700 liters per shirt to be 28 . Take a look at the video below from National Geographic for some more mind-blowing 29 about cotton clothing production.Clean water is 30 becoming one of the most sought-after resources in the world. Given how large the 31 and cotton industries are, they take up a lot of our fresh water demands across the world, according to The Huffington Post. The video from National Geographic was created to spread32 of how environmentally harmful cotton is. But the situation can be made better. Through better water management and farming practices, water usage in cotton production can be cut down by 33 40 percent.Called “Better Cotton”, this environmentally con scious product will save millions of liters of water a year simply from 34 the demands of cotton production. Cotton doesn’t have to go, since it is, after all, one of the most useful cash crops across the globe. However, as water supplies 35 , farmers and consumers need to be more conscious of the effect that these products have on the environment as a whole.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph fromwhich the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2.The spoken webA) We’re growing more used to chatting to our computers, phones and smart speakers through voiceassistants like Amazon ’s Alexa, Apple ’s Siri and Microsoft's Cortana. Blind and partially sighted people have been using text-to-speech converters for decades.B) Out of these assistants, Siri is the most well-known. The assistant uses voice inquiries and anatural-language user interface (界面) to answer questions. The software adapts to users ’ individual language usages, searches, and preferences, with continuing use.C) Some think voice could soon take over from typing and clicking as the main way to interact online.But what are the challenges of moving to “the spoken web”?D) What use is written online content if you can't read? That is the situation facing illiterate (不识字的)African farmers. They are often denied crucial information the web offers many others. With a literacy rate in some parts of Africa at only 22.6%，farmers are often “underpaid for their produce because they might be unaware of the prevailing prices,” says Francis Dittoh, a researcher behind Mr. Meteo, a speech-based weather information service.E) “The most frequently heard complaint is about rainfall predictions,” says Mr. Dittoh, who live s inTamale, northern Ghana. “They tell us the methods their forefathers used to predict the weather don’t seem to work as well these days.” This is down to climate change, he believes. Yet knowing when it’s going to rain is vital for farmers wanting to sow seeds, irrigate crops or take their animals out to the fields to feed on grass.F) Mr. Dittoh says the idea of converting online weather reports into speech came from thefarmersthemselves, after a workshop in the village of Guabuligah. “They came up w ith this,” he says. Mr.Meteo takes the online weather forecast, converts it to a short recording in the appropriate language and makes it available on a basic phone. Farmers ring up to receive the information. The local language Dagbani is spoken by 1.2 million people but is not served by any online translation applications. The service was designed to be cheap and easy to run, says Mr. Dittoh. He plans to begin field tests this month, working with Tamale’s Savanna Agricultural Research Institute.G) The spoken web could also help the one-in-five adults in Europe and the U. S. with poor readingskills. But building the spoken web—web-to-voice and voice-to-web—isn’t straightforward. For software to understand pizza is served at Italian restaurants is easy. To cover multiple domains and to be able to have a conversation with users on every single topic is still a long way off.H) So although many computer assistants can answer simple questions about the weather and play musicfor us, anything resembling a wide-ranging human conversation is decades away. Artificial intelligence just isn’t smart enough yet. Even turning your voice into text—automatic speech recognition—is one of the hardest problems to solve, as there are as many ways to pronounce things as there are people on the planet.I) Siri has often been praised for its ability to interpret our casual language and deliver very specific andaccurate results, sometimes even providing additional information. But it is still somewhat restricted, particularly when the language moves away from stiffer commands into more human interactions. In one example, the phrase “Send a text to Jason, Clint, Sam, and Lee saying we’re having dinner at Silver Cloud restaurant”was interpreted as sending a message to Jason only, containing the text “Clint Sam and Lee saying we’re having dinner at Silver Cloud restaurant”. It has also been noted that Siri lacks a proper editing function, as saying “Edit message to say: we’re at Silver Cloud restaurant and you should come find us” generates “Clint Sam and Lee saying we’re having dinner at Silver Cloud restaurant to say we’re at Silver Cloud restaurant and you should come find us”.J) Using voice interaction feels far more intimate than surfing the net the old-fashioned way. This is intentional as the informal tone of the assistant helps create an emotional attachment. But if something speaks, it must also listen. Our phones are always near us and they are collecting data about us all the time. This has already raised privacy concerns. The American Civil Liberties Union has stated that digital assistants create a threat to privacy from hackers. Some people have other concerns. They worry assistants will one day be used to deliver advertising directly to us.K) But digital voices need more personality to make them popular. Robots are not yet witty, Siri is boring. The benefits of using voice instead of tapping fingers obviously depend on the context.Doctors completing online forms about their patients by speech, for example, can dictate 150 words a minute, three times faster than typing on a keyboard. This enables them to spend less time on administration and more time with patients.L) Last year, speech recognition company Nuance helped a doctors’surgery in Dukinfield, near Manche ster, set up a speech system for the practice’s six doctors. Now they can dictate notes on a patient’s health condition and treatment and a smart assistant automatically enters the information into the right fields on a web form. Previously, the doctors made voice recordings that were then transcribed by secretaries—a process that was costly and likely to cause delays. The new system means letters to patients now have more detail.M) U sing voice also makes sense when you’re doing other things with your han ds. Think about when you’re cooking, and you just want to know what the next step in the recipe is. Your hands are covered with oil; you’re not going to get on the iPad, so it’s a lot more natural to talk. And speech obviouslymakes sense when you’re drivi ng. In the U.S., 29% of drivers admit they surf behind the wheel, according to insurance firm State Farm. This is up from 13% in 2009. No wonder using mobile phones while driving causes more crashes a year than drink driving, says the U. S. National Safety Council.36. According to Francis Dittoh, their speech-based weather information service was meant to beinexpensive and easy to use.37. U sing voice instead of typing enables doctors to spend more time taking care of patients.38. I t is extremely difficult to convert voice into text because of different pronunciations.39. A frican farmers unable to read often don’t have access to important information conveyed online.40. S ome phone users worry advertisers will take advantage of voice assistants to send ads directly tothem.41. T he spoken web is helpful when one’s hands are occupied.42. S ome people believe online interaction would soon depend mainly on voice.43. S etting up a spoken web is by no means an easy task.44. W eather information is extremely important to farmers.45. Some people are concerned about privacy because their phones are constantly collecting theirpersonal information.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The United States is facing a housing crisis: Affordable housing is inadequate, while luxury homes abound(充裕), and homelessness remains a persistent problem. Despite this, popular culture and the housing industry market happiness as living with both more space and more amenities (便利设施). Big houses are advertised as a reward for hard work and diligence, turning housing from a basic necessity into a luxury.This is reflected in our homes. The average single- family home built in the United States before 1970 was less than 1,500 square feet in size. By 2016, the average size of a new, single-family home was 2,422 square feet. What’s more, homes built in the 2000s were more likely than earlier models to have more of all types of spaces: bedrooms, bathrooms, living rooms, dining rooms, recreation rooms and garages.There are consequences of living big. As middle-class houses have grown larger, two things have happened. First, large houses take time to maintain, so cleaners and other low-wage service workers are required to keep these houses in order. Second, once-public spaces, where people from diverse backgrounds used to come together, have increasingly become privatized, leading to a reduction in the number of public facilities available to all, and a reduced quality of life for many. Take swimming pools. While in 1950, only 2,500 U. S. families owned pools, by 1999 this number was 4 million. At the same time, public municipal pools were often closed, leaving low-income people nowhere to swim.The trend for bigger housing thus poses ethical questions. Should Americans accept a system inwhich the middle and upper classes enjoy a luxurious lifestyle, using the low-wage labor of others? Are we willing to accept a system in which an increase in amenities purchased by the affluent means a reduction in amenities for the poor?I believe neither is acceptable. We must change the way we think: living well does not need to mean having more private spaces; instead, it could mean having more public spaces. A better goal than building bigger houses for some is to create more publicly accessible spaces and amenities for all.46. What are big houses promoted to be in the United States?A. A luxury for the homeless.B. A reward for industriousness.C. An abundant source of comforts.D. An absolute necessity for happiness.47. What is one of the consequences of living big?A. Many Americans’ quality of life has become lower.B. People from diverse backgrounds no longer socialize.C. People no longer have access to public swimming pools.D. Many Americans’ private life has been negatively affected.48. What questions arise from living big?A. Questions related to moral principles.B. Questions having to do with labor cost.C. Questions about what lifestyle to promote.D. Questions concerning housing development.49. What kind of social system does the author think is unacceptable?A. One in which the wealthy exploit the low-wage laborers building their houses.B. One in which the rich purchase amenities at an increasingly unjustifiable price.C. One in which the upper classes deprive the lower classes of affordable housing.D. One in which the affluent enjoy a more comfortable life at the expense of the poor.50. What does the author advocate for people to live well!?A. Finding ways to turn private spaces into public ones.B. Building more houses affordable to those less affluent.C. More public spaces created for everyone to enjoy.D. All amenities made accessible to the rich and the poor alike.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Most of us in the entrepreneurial community are blessed—or cursed—with higher-than-average ambition. Ambitious people strongly desire accomplishments and are willing to take more risks and spend more effort to get them.Overall, this is a positive quality, especially for people trying to build their own businesses. Apparently, if you’re more naturally driven to set goals, you are more likely to succeed.Actually, this isn’t always the case. In fact, in some cases, extreme ambition may end up doing more harm than good.One major side effect of excessive ambition is the tendency to focus too determinedly on one particular vision or end goal. This is problematic because it hinders your ability to adapt to new circumstances, which is vital if you want to be a successful entrepreneur. If a new competitor emerges to threaten your business, you may need to change direction, even if that means straying from your original vision. If you have too much ambition, you’ll find this hard, if not impossible.Few people are successful when they try to build their first brand. Unfortunately, for the most ambitious entrepreneurs, a failure is seen as disastrous, and impossible to recover from.It’s a clear departure from the intended plan toward the intended goal. For people with limited ambition, however, failure is viewed as something closer to reality. Remember, failure is inevitable, and every failure you survive is a learning experience.Ambitious people tend to be more materialistically successful than their non-ambitious counterparts. However, they’re only slightly happier than their less ambitious counterparts,and tend to live significantly shorter lives. This implies that even though ambitious people are more likely to achieve conventional “success,”such success means nothing for their health and happiness—and if you don’t have health and happiness, what else could possibly matter?Clearly, some amount of ambition is good for your motivation. Without any ambition, you wouldn’t start your own business, set or achieve goals and get far in life. But an excess of ambition can also be dangerous, putting you at risk of burnout, stubbornness and even a shorter life.51. What does the author think of most entrepreneurs?A. They are more willing to risk their own lives.B. They are more ambitious than ordinary people.C. They achieve greater nonconventional success.D. They have more positive qualities than most of us.52. What does the author imply by saying “this isn’t always the case” (Line 1, Para. 3)?A. Ambitious people may not have a greater chance of success.B. Ambitious people may not have more positive qualities.C. Entrepreneurs’ ambition does as much good as harm.D. Entrepreneurs are more naturally driven to success.53. What does the author say is of extreme importance for one to become a successful entrepreneur?A. Holding on to one’s original vision.B. Being able to adapt to new situations.C. Focusing determinedly on one particular goal.D. Avoiding radical change in one’s career direction.54. How do the most ambitious entrepreneurs regard failure in their endeavor?A. It will awaken them to reality.B. It is a lesson they have to learn.C. It means the end of their career.D. It will result in a slow recovery.55. What does the author advise us to do concerning ambition?A. Distinguish between conventional success and our life goal.B. Follow the example of the most ambitious entrepreneurs.C. Avoid taking unnecessary risks when starting a business.D. Prioritize health and happiness over material success.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国越来越重视终身教育，发展继续教育是构建终身教育体系的有效途径。
2019年12月四级考试真题及参考答案完整版
2019年12月四级考试真题及参考答案完整版（第一套）Part Ⅰ WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【参考范文】Dear Lucy,I am delighted to hear that you are going to learn Chinese in a Chinese university. Since you have asked for my advice about choosing which university, I will try to give you some useful suggestions here.It is well known that Peking University is a great place to learn Chinese. There are several factors accounting for this choice and the following are the most typical ones. First and foremost, Peking University is one of the top universities in China and the birthplace of many great minds. Therefore, it can provide high-quality teaching resources, which is essential for a foreigner learner.In addition, Beijing is the capital of China and there are various historic buildings. They provide foreign students a good chance to know Chinese culture and history.I hope you will find these suggestions helpful and wish you all the best.Yours,Li MingPart Ⅱ Listening ComprehensionSection AQuestions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A）Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.B）A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.C）Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.D）A wandering cow was captured by the police.2. A）It was shot to death by a police officer.B）It found its way back to the par k’s zoo.C）It became a great attraction for tourists.D）It was sent to the animal control department.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A）It is the largest of its kind.B）It is going to be expanded.C）It is displaying more fossil specimens.D）It is staring an online exhibition.4. A）A collection of bird fossils from Australia.B）Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.C）Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.D）Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A）Pick up trash.B）Amuse visitors.C）Deliver messages.D）Play with children.6. A）They are especially intelligent.B）They are children’s favorite.C They are quite easy to tame.D）They are clean and pretty.7. A）Children may be harmed by the rooks.B）Children may be tempted to drop litter.C）Children may contract bird diseases.D）Children may overfeed the rooks.Section BQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A）It will be produced at Harvard University.B）It will be hosted by famous professors.C）It will cover different areas of science.D）It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.9. A）It will be more futuristic.B）It will be more systematic.C）It will be more entertaining.D）It will be easier to understand.10. A）People interested in science.B）Youngsters eager to explore.C）Children in their early teens.D）Students majoring in science.11. A）Offer professional advice.B）Provide financial support.C）Help promote it on the Internet.D）Make episodes for its first season.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A）Unsure.B）Helpless.C）Concerned.D）Dissatisfied.13. A）He is too concerned with being perfect.B）He loses heart when faced with setbacks.C）He is too ambitious in achieving goals.D）He takes on projects beyond his ability.14. A）Embarrassed.B）Unconcerned.C）Miserable.D）Resentful.15. A）Try to be optimistic whatever happens.B）Compare his present with his past only.C）Always learn from others’ achievements.D）Treat others the way he would be treated.Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A）They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.B）They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.C）They are more likely to become engineers.D）They have greater potential to be leaders.17.A）Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.B）Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.c）Insist that boys and girls work together more.D）Respond more positively to boys’ comments.18. A）Offer personalized teaching materials.B）Provide a variety of optional courses.C）Place great emphasis on test scores.D）Pay extra attention to top students.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A）It often rains cats and dogs.B）It seldom rains in summer time.C）It does not rain as much as people think.D）It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.20. A）They drive most of the time.B）The rain is usually very light.C）They have got used to the rain.D）The rain comes mostly at night.21. A）It has a lot of places for entertainment.B）It has never seen thunder and lighting.C）It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.D）It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A）It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.B）It results from exerting one’s muscles continuously.C）It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity. D）It comes from staining one’s muscles in an unusual way.23. A）Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area. B）Body movements in the affected area become difficult.C）They begin to make repairs immediately.D）They gradually become fragmented.24. A）About one week.B）About two days.C）About ten days.D）About four weeks.25. A）Apply muscle creams.B）Drink plenty of water.C）Have a hot shower.D）Take pain-killers.Part Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionSection AQuestions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Finally, some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get sick. That is the 26 of a new study that looked at how respiratory （呼吸道）viruses 27 on airplanes. Researchers found that only people who were seated in individual - had a high risk of catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very 28 chance of getting sick according to the findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented.29 information about the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore , these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less 30 to catching respiratory infections while traveling by air.Prior to the new study. litter was known about the risks of getting 31 infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to 32 the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different 33 in the US. 34 side of a person infected with flu, as well as those sitting one roe in font of or behind this individual, had about an 80 person chance of getting sick. But other passengers were 35 safe from infection. They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu.A）accurate B）conclusion C）directlyD）either E）evaluate F）explorationsG）flights H）largely I）nearbyJ）respond K）slim L）spreadM）summit N）vividly O）vulnerable【参考答案】26-30 BLKAO31-35 CEGDHSection BA South Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its ownA）Getting around a city is one thing —and then there’s the matter of getting from one city to another. One vision of the perfect city of the future: a place that offers easy access to air travel.In 2011, a University of North Carolina business professor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis: The Way We’ll Live Next. Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as he has put it, is to offer businesses “rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale.”B）“The 18th century really was a waterborne （水运的）century, the 19th century a rail century. the 20th century a highway, car, truck century一and the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century, as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air,” Kasarda says. Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasarda’s prime examples. It has existed for just a few years.“ From the get-go, it was designed on the basis of connectivity and competitiveness,”says Kasada. “The government built the bridge directly from the airport to the Songdo International Business District. And the surface infrastructure was built in tandem with the new airport.”C）Songdo is a ston e’s throw from South Korea’s Incheon Airport, its main international hub （枢纽）. But it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just building a place as an “international business district” doesn’t mean it will become one. Park Yeo n Soo conceived （构想）this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. “I am a visionary,” he says. Thirty years after he imagined the city, Park’s baby is close to 70 percent built, with 36.000 people living in the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo. It’s about an hour outside Seoul, built on reclaimed tidal flats along the Yellow Sea, There’s a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as well as a park, golf course and university.D）Chances are you’ve actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to come ou of South Korea. “Gangnam Style” refers to the fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo.“I don’t know if you remember, there was a scene in a subwaystation. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Songdo,” says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban development at London’s Bartlett School of Planning, “Part of the reason to shoot there is that it’s new and nice.”E）The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies, with employees from all over the world. But hat’s not how it has turned out. Songdo’s reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is more complicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into the business district. In the center of the main road, there’s a long line of flags of the world. On the corner, there’s a Starbucks and a 7-Eleven--all of the international brands that you see all over the world nowadays.F）The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing strollers, old women with walkers -- even in the middle of the day. when it’s 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started selling property here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says demand has boomed in the past couple of years. Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great. And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city 一more popular as a residential area than a business one. It’s not yet the futuristic international business hub that planners imagined. “It’s a great place to live. And it’s becoming a great place to work,” says Scott Summers, the vice presiden t of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling windows of his company’s officesoverlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of kayaks and paddle boats. Shimmering （闪烁的）glass towers line the canal’s edge.G）“What’s happened i s, because we focused on creating that quality of life first, which enabled the residents to live here, what has probably missed the mark is for companies to locate here,” he says. “There needs to be strong economic incentives.” The city is still unfinishe d, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn’t feel all that futuristic. There’s a high-tech underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly. Everybody’s television set is connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes.H）But Star Trek this is not. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow. “I’m, like, in prison for weekdays. That’s what we call it in the workplace,” says a woman in her 20s. She doesn’t want to use her name for fear of be ing fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. “I say I’mprison-breaking on Friday nights.” But she has to make the prison break in her own car. There’s no high-speed train connecting Songdo to Seoul, just over 20 miles away.I）The man who first imagined Songdo feels frustrated. too. Park says he built South Korea a luxury vehicle, “like Mercedes or BMW. It’s a good car now. But we’re waiting for a good driver to accelerate.” But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The world is dotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest international companiesJ）Songdo’s backers contend that it’s still early, and business space is filling up—about 70 percent of finished offices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves a universal principle. “There have been a lot of utopian （乌托邦的）cities in history. And the reason we don’t know about a lot of them is that a lot of them have vanished entirely.” In other words, when it comes to cities—or anything else—it is hard to predict the future.36. Songdo’s popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction.37. The man who conceives Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short of his expectations.38. A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.39. Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shop there.40. Airplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation, according to a professor.41. Songdo has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be.42. Some of the people who work in Songdo complain about boredom in the workplace.43. A business professor says that a future city should have easy access to international transportation.44. Acording to an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee what happen in the future.45. Park Yeon So. Who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city.【参考答案】36-40 FIDGB41-45 EHAJCSection CPassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy （征税）1.5cents per liquid ounce on distributors.Philadelphia’s new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council v ote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the county. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It’s expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universalpre-kindergarten program for the city.While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.“The tax passed today unfairly singl es out beverages—including low- andno-calorie choices,” said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. “But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it.”An industry backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure. characterizing it as a“grocery tax.”Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. “The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places,” said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. “Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It’s not just Berkeley’ anymore.”Similar measures in California’s Albany, Oakla nd, San Francisco and Colorado’s Boulder are becoming hot-button issues Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?A）It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.B）It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.C）It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.D）It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal? A）Bargain with the city council.B）Refuse to pay additional tax.C）Take legal action against it.D）Try to win public support.48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?A）It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.B）It tried to win grocers’ support against the measure.C）It kept sending letters of protest to the media.D）It criticized the measure through advertising.49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?A）Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.B）Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.C）Add to the fund for their research on diseases.D）Benefit low-income people across the country.50. What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?A）They are becoming rather sensitive issues.B）They are spreading panic in the soda industry.C）They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.D）They are taking away lot of profit from the soda industry.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe’s stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming “status” items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CO2—the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change—at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. “It is ele ctricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment,” say the authors. The authors also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from using a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour. For example, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million cars. These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2 in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimatesfor annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other from of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.51. What is the finding of the new study?A）Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.B）The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.C）CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.D）The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?A）They are becoming more affordable.B）They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.C）They are getting much easier to operate.D）They take less time to cook than other appliances.53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?A）Cooking food of different varieties.B）Improving microwave users’ habits.C）Eating less to cut energy consumption.D）Using microwave ovens less frequently.54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?A）There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.B）People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.C）The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.D）More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?A）It will become less popular in the coming decades.B）It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.C）It plays a positive role in environmental protection.D）It consumes more power than conventional cooking.Part Ⅳ Translation中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。
四级答题卡作文格式模板
四级答题卡作文格式模板英文回答：Introduction。
The Fourth Level Examination (TEM-4) is a standardized proficiency test designed to evaluate non-native speakers' Chinese language abilities. The test has been developed by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, and is widely recognized by educational institutions and employers alike.The TEM-4 writing section is a crucial part of the examination. Candidates are required to demonstrate their ability to compose a well-organized and grammaticallycorrect essay on a given topic. The essay should be between 200 and 250 words in length, and should be written in accordance with a specific format.Format。
The following is the required format for the TEM-4 writing section:1. Title。
The title of the essay should be written in the center of the first line. It should be brief and concise, and should accurately reflect the main topic of the essay.2. Introduction。
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第三段：陈述解决方法。 第一句：People have figured out many effective measures to solve this problem. 第二句：One of the ideal ways to solve 问题 is that 解决方法一. 第三句：Another way is that 解决方法二. 第四句：Confronted with the problem, we should take a series of measures to cope with the situation so that in this way we can successfully solve the problem.
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C.我的观点型
第一段：引出话题，可写三句。 第一句:Recently the problem of 争论焦 点 has been brought into focus/ brought to public attention. 第二句：What amazes us most is that 表 现较为典型的一个方面. 第三句：Because it has a significant role in our daily life, we can accordingly see that总结句，引出话题.
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第二段：可分别阐述A、B各观点的理由，可写四 句。 第一句：Those who hold/ bear/ maintain/ grasp the first opinion suggest/ propose/ express that观点A的理由.
第二句：They soundly argue that进一步阐述观 点A的理由. 第三句：However, others think that观点B的理 由. 第四句：According to the above analysis进一 步阐述观点B的理由.
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• Part One General Introduction to
the Writing of CET-4
• Part Two Writing Styles of CET4
• Part three Tips For Writing
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Part One General Introduction to the Writing of CET4 四级写作的简介
◆分值安排
◆评分标准
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分值安排
• 自2005年6月考试起，四级新题型报道的总分数 为710分，各单项分之和等于总分。 • 四级考试作文部分（占总分的15%）单项成绩的 计分满分为106分。 • 字数要求为不低于120字。（110~119 扣1分； 100~109 扣2分）（注：题目中给出的主题句， 起始句，结束句均不得计入所写字数）
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E.谚语型
第一段：一般情况下引出谚语内容，解释谚语含 义，可写四句。 第一句：There is an old saying that谚语. The truth is deep and profound(意义深远的). It is correct in many cases even today.
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D. 选择型
第一段：通常情况下提出A、B两方观点，可写四 句。 第一句：There is a heated debate over 争论观 点that as far as it goes(就现状来说). 第二句：However, people’s opinions are still divided on this point. 第三句：Many people firmly assert(声称) that 观点A. 第四句：On the contrary, others think/formulate in the mind/ suppose that 观 点B.
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第二段：通常举例解释谚语含义，可写四句。 第一句：Examples can be easily found to make a case(事例) for this proverb.
比较准确且有 一些非常用词 汇
不十分准确较 少非常用词汇 不准确或基本 词汇
多数超过150 字
多数在100至 130之间 多数少于100 字
清清楚楚，稍有不足
马马虎虎，对付对付
云山雾罩，稀里糊涂
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基本句 支离破碎
最基本词汇且 许多拼写错误
多数少于80 字
乱七八糟，惨不忍睹
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Part Two 四级作文体裁分类
Байду номын сангаас
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第二段：阐述理由。 第一句：It seems to me(= I think) that there are several reasons explaining主 题.
第二句：One of the main reasons is that 理由一。 第三句：What’s more, another major factor is that 理由二. 第四句：Considering that/ As a result 阐 述导致的结果.
第三段：结尾段须阐述我的观点，通常写三 句。 第一句：Through the above analysis, I approve of the latter/former opinion to some extent. 第二句：Personally, it is true that the positive aspects/ the latter overweighs(胜过) the negative ones/ the former. 第三句：We may (safely, reasonably) arrive at/ draw the conclusion that 个人 看法的总结、全文的结论
• • • • • 议论文 描写文 说明文 应用文 记叙文
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议论文的结构
议论文常见的结构是三段式结构：开头段（引 论），主体段（本论），结尾段（结论）。 （1）开头段：根据题目所规定的范围，提出全 文的论点。 （2）主体段：提出有力的论据展开并论证所提 论点。 （3）结尾段：总结全文，用不同的话重述论点。
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第二段：阐述理由。 第一句：Many remarkable reasons contribute to争论焦点.
第二句：As an illustration the main reason is that 理由一. 第三句：What’s more, to give another reason is that 理由二. 第四句：With the result comes the evidence that 讲述导致的结果.
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评分标准
• 满分为15分。(2、5、8、11、14) • 采用总体评分（global scoring）方 法。
标准 句式
大量复合句 较少简单句
用词
准确且很多非 常用词汇
字数
超过150字
总体评价
十全十美，花团锦簇
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11 8
5
一些复合句 较多简单句
个别复合句 大量简单句 一些残缺句 基本全部简单 句，大量残缺 句
第二句：You cannot…until you… That is to say, 谚语的含义. 第三句：The more you learn it, the more you feel it helpful to your study and life.
第四句：Accordingly/ in accordance(因此), …
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B.现象分析型
第一段：列出现象。 第一句：With the rapid development of modern industry/ society/economy, more and more people are concerned about the problem/ phenomenon of 现 象. 第二句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people.
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议论文类型
A.正反观点对比型 B.现象分析型 C.我的观点型 D.选择型 E.谚语型
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A.正反观点对比型
第一段：提出论点，一般只写三句。 第一句：When it comes to/ when asked about 争论焦点，people’s opinions about it vary from person to person. 第二句：Some people tend to 正方观点， which seems a common occurrence in our lives.
第三句：Others hold the opinion that反方观点。
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第二段 1）主体段的开头部分，一般用三句来阐述正方观点： 第一句：It is widely known for some time that a great many people consider 正方观点. 第二句：One reason they illustrate is that 理由一 第三句：The other reason they hold is that 理由二 2）主体段的中间部分一般也用三句话来阐明反方观点： 第一句：However, others may have a quite different view on this heated issue. 第二句：They maintain such an idea because 理由一. 第三句：They also proclaim（宣布） that理由二. 3）主体段的结尾部分一般用四句话，分配如下： 第一句：From what has been discussed above, it is obvious that each one has its own impartial(公平的) standpoint(立场，观点)。 第二句：On the one hand, 进一步阐述正方观点. 第三句：On the other hand, 进一步阐述反方观点. 第四句：Only in this way can we consider every aspect of 10 the problem/question objectively.