Tips_and_Tricks_for_Civil_Engineers
土木工程专业英语的认识英语作文
土木工程专业英语的认识英语作文全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hey guys, do you know what is civil engineering? Let me tell you about it!Civil engineering is a super cool major that deals with designing, building, and maintaining infrastructure like roads, bridges, dams, and buildings. It's like playing with Lego blocks, but on a much bigger scale!In civil engineering, we learn about different materials like concrete, steel, and asphalt, and how to use them to create strong and safe structures. We also learn about concepts like forces, loads, and stresses, which help us make sure our buildings can stand up to all kinds of conditions.One of the coolest things about civil engineering is that we get to see our designs come to life. We work with architects, contractors, and other professionals to turn our ideas into real, tangible structures that people use every day. It's amazing to think that something we designed could be used by so many people!Civil engineering is also important for keeping people safe. We have to make sure that our buildings and infrastructure are built to withstand earthquakes, floods, and other natural disasters. It's a big responsibility, but it's also really rewarding to know that our work is making a difference in people's lives.So, if you like building things, solving problems, and making the world a better place, then civil engineering might be the perfect major for you. It's challenging, it's fun, and it's a great way to use your creativity and skills to create something amazing. Give it a try!篇2Yo guys! Today I wanna talk about something super interesting - Civil Engineering! Have you guys heard about it before? Well, if not, don't worry because I'm here to tell you all about it.So basically, Civil Engineering is all about designing and building stuff like bridges, roads, buildings, and dams. Pretty cool, right? It's like playing with giant Lego blocks but in real life! Civil engineers use their knowledge of math, science, and technology to make sure everything is strong, safe, and works the way it's supposed to. They have to think about things likehow much weight a bridge can hold or how deep a foundation needs to be for a tall building. It's a lot of hard work but also super fun!One of the cool things about Civil Engineering is that you get to see your projects come to life. Imagine driving over a bridge that you helped design or walking into a building that you helped build - how cool is that? And not only that, but Civil Engineering is also important for keeping people safe and improving our communities. So if you like being creative, solving problems, and making a difference in the world, then Civil Engineering might be the perfect job for you!In conclusion, Civil Engineering is an awesome field that involves designing and building things like bridges, roads, and buildings. It requires a lot of hard work and thinking but it's also super rewarding. If you're interested in math, science, and technology and want to make a positive impact on the world, then you should definitely consider a career in Civil Engineering. Who knows, maybe one day you'll be the one designing the next iconic landmark in your city!篇3Title: My Understanding of Civil Engineering in a Fun and Simple WayHey guys, have you ever heard of civil engineering? It may sound a bit boring, but trust me, it's super cool and important! Let me tell you all about it in a fun and simple way.So, what is civil engineering? Well, it's all about building stuff like roads, bridges, and buildings. Civil engineers design and plan these things to make sure they are safe, strong, and can last for a long time. They also make sure everything is built in the right place and follows the rules and regulations.One of the coolest things about civil engineering is that you get to use math and science to solve real-life problems. For example, when building a bridge, civil engineers have to calculate the right size and shape of the materials to make sure the bridge can support the weight of cars and trucks.Another fun fact about civil engineering is that it's not just about building stuff. Civil engineers also help protect the environment by designing projects that are sustainable and eco-friendly. They also work to improve the quality of life for people by creating safe and efficient infrastructure.In conclusion, civil engineering is an amazing field that combines creativity, problem-solving skills, and a passion for making the world a better place. If you love building things and want to make a positive impact on society, then civil engineering might be the perfect career for you. So, next time you see a building or a bridge, remember that it was probably designed and built by a team of awesome civil engineers!篇4Oh my gosh, have you guys heard about this thing called Civil Engineering? It sounds super cool and interesting! Let me tell you all about it in a fun and easy way!So, Civil Engineering is basically all about building stuff like bridges, roads, buildings, and all sorts of cool structures. It's like being a real-life Lego master! You get to use your creativity and problem-solving skills to design and construct things that help people in their everyday lives.One of the things that Civil Engineers do is make sure that structures are safe and sturdy. They have to think about things like the materials they use, the environment they're building in, and how to make everything strong and durable. It's like being asuperhero, but instead of fighting bad guys, you're saving the day with your awesome building skills!Another cool thing about Civil Engineering is that you get to work with a bunch of different people. You'll collaborate with architects, construction workers, and other engineers to bring your designs to life. It's like being part of a big team where everyone has a special role to play.So, if you love building things, solving puzzles, and working with others, then Civil Engineering might be the perfect career for you. Who knows, maybe one day you'll design the next amazing skyscraper or build a bridge that connects two cities. The possibilities are endless!In conclusion, Civil Engineering is an exciting and rewarding field that lets you be creative, solve problems, and make a real impact on the world around you. So, if you're up for a fun and challenging adventure, then why not give it a try? You could be the next big Civil Engineer superstar!篇5Oh! Hi everyone! Today I want to talk about something super cool - Civil Engineering!So, like, civil engineering is all about building and stuff. It's like, using science and math to design and construct things like buildings, bridges, roads, and even airports! It's, like, super important because without civil engineers, we wouldn't have all the awesome buildings and structures that we use every day.I learned that civil engineers have to be really good at math and science. They have to study things like physics, chemistry, and calculus. It's, like, really hard work but also super fun because you get to build things and make them safe for everyone to use.One of the things that civil engineers have to think about is, like, making sure that buildings and bridges are strong and won't fall down. They have to use materials like concrete and steel to make sure everything is safe and sturdy. They also have to think about things like the environment, making sure that their projects are good for the earth.I think civil engineering is, like, so cool because you get to use your brain to create amazing things that help people every day. I hope to be a civil engineer one day and build awesome stuff for everyone to enjoy!So, yeah, that's my super fun and cool essay about civil engineering. I hope you liked it! Thank you for reading!篇6Title: My Understanding of Civil EngineeringHey guys! Today I want to talk about this super cool and important thing called civil engineering. I know it sounds like a big word, but trust me, it's not that hard to understand once you get the hang of it.So, what is civil engineering? Basically, it's all about designing and building stuff like roads, bridges, buildings, and even dams. Civil engineers are like the superheroes of the construction world, making sure everything is safe and strong for us to use.One of the things I find really fascinating about civil engineering is how it combines science and creativity. You have to use math and physics to calculate loads and stresses, but you also get to be creative and come up with cool designs that look good and work well.Another important aspect of civil engineering is making sure that the things we build are safe for the environment. We have to think about things like how our structures will affect the land, water, and air around them. It's like being a guardian of the planet!In conclusion, civil engineering is all about making the world a better place by building things that help people and protect the environment. It's a super important job, and I think it's really cool that people get to do it every day. Who knows, maybe one day I'll become a civil engineer too!篇7Hello everyone, today I want to talk about civil engineering in a fun and easy way. So, what is civil engineering? It's like building stuff, like houses, bridges, and roads. It's a super cool job because you get to make things that people use every day.Civil engineers have to know a lot of stuff to do their job right. They have to learn about math, science, and how materials work. They also have to think about the environment and how their projects will affect it. That's why civil engineers are like superheroes, they save the day by building things that make our lives better!One of the most important things civil engineers do is designing structures that are safe and strong. They have to make sure buildings won't fall down in an earthquake or that bridges can hold up lots of cars. It's really important work because people's lives depend on it.Civil engineering is a great career choice for anyone who likes to be creative and solve problems. Plus, it's a job where you get to see the results of your hard work every day. So, if you like building things and making a difference in the world, maybe civil engineering is the job for you!篇8Oh wow, do you know what a civil engineering major is? Let me tell you all about it!Civil engineering is all about building stuff like bridges, roads, and buildings. It's like being a super cool architect who actually gets to make the stuff they design. You get to use all kinds of tools and machines to make sure everything is strong and safe.One really important thing civil engineers do is make sure everything is built in a way that won't fall down or break. They use math and science to make sure the buildings are strong enough to handle everything that comes their way.Another cool thing about civil engineering is that you get to work on all different kinds of projects. One day you might be designing a new highway and the next day you could be working on a skyscraper. It's always something new and exciting!Overall, civil engineering is all about making the world a better and safer place to live. It's a super important job and I think it would be really fun to do someday. Who knows, maybe one day I'll be the one designing a giant bridge that everyone uses!篇9Hey guys! Today I'm gonna talk to you about Civil Engineering! It's a super cool field where people design and build things like bridges, roads, and buildings. It's like playing with giant Lego blocks, but way more serious!So, what exactly do civil engineers do? Well, they use math, science, and technology to come up with plans for all kinds of structures. They have to make sure everything is safe, strong, and will last a long time. It's a big responsibility, but it's also really exciting!One of the coolest things about civil engineering is that you get to see your ideas come to life. You work with a team of professionals to bring projects from the planning stage to actually building them. It's like being a superhero, but instead of fighting bad guys, you're creating amazing things that help people every day.And if you're into the environment, civil engineering is a great choice. Engineers are always looking for ways to build things that are eco-friendly and sustainable. They want to protect the planet while still making sure we have all the things we need to live comfortably.So, if you're interested in math, science, and making the world a better place, maybe civil engineering is the right career for you! It's a challenging but rewarding field that lets you use your brainpower to create awesome stuff. So go out there and start building your future in civil engineering!篇10Hi everyone, today I want to talk about Civil Engineering, which is a very cool field in the world!First of all, what is Civil Engineering? Well, it's all about building things like roads, bridges, buildings, and even big dams! Civil engineers make sure that everything is safe and strong. They also make sure that our environment is protected while building these things.One of the most important things in Civil Engineering is math. You have to be good at math to make sure all themeasurements are right and everything fits perfectly. You also have to be creative and think of new ways to solve problems.Civil engineers work with a lot of different tools and machines. They use things like computers, surveying equipment, and even big cranes! It's like being a superhero but with cool gadgets.Another important thing in Civil Engineering is teamwork. You have to work together with other engineers, architects, and construction workers to make sure everything is done perfectly. It's like being part of a big family where everyone helps each other.In conclusion, Civil Engineering is a super cool field where you get to build amazing things and make the world a better place. If you like math, science, and working with others, then this might be the perfect job for you! So, let's all become future Civil Engineers and make the world a safer and more beautiful place!。
(完整word版)土木工程专业英语复习资料
承重骨架 load carrying frame结构工程 structural engineering钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete稳定性 stability岩土工程 geotechnical engineering楼板、平板 slab结构性能 structural behavior测量 Survey均匀沉降 uniform settlement浇筑 pour测量是指为收集数据，以便在水平面内画出地球表面点的相应位置图的一种技术Surveying is defined an art of collecting data for mapping the relative positions of points on the surface of earth in a horizontal plane.摩天大厦的存在归功于19世纪的两大发明：钢结构和载人电梯The skyscraper owes it is existence to two developments of the 19th century:steel skeleton construction and the passenger elevator.一个项目开始的时候，土木工程师要对现场进行测绘，定位有用的布置，如地下水、下水道和电力线When a project begins,the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement water,sewer,and power lines.1.excavate 开挖2.Structural engineering 结构工程3. water and sewage systems 给排水工程4. settlement 沉降5. heating and cooling systems 供暖、制冷系统6. cantilever beam 悬臂梁7. balustrade 栏杆8. decoration 装饰9. span 跨度10. pour 浇筑11. blank wall 围墙、挡墙12. budget 预算13. plan 计划、方案、规划14. partition 隔墙15. lintel 过梁16. skin 外墙17. allocate 分配18. bearing wall 承重墙19. superstructure 上部结构20. substructure 下部结构21.mechanical and electrical systems 机电系统22. slab-column system 板柱系统23. time-dependent 截止日期24. outline 外观25. Parlance 术语26. Depth 进深27. reservoir 水库28. high-rise building 高层建筑29. tube in tube 筒中筒30. spillway 泄洪道31. water-to-cement ratio 水灰比32. asphalt 沥青33. predominate 主导34. hydroelectric 水电35 . tension 应力36 . compression 压缩37. simply supported beam 简单支撑梁38. elevator 电梯39. reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土40. truss 桁架41. rigid frames 刚性框架42. maintenance 养护43. Arch bridge 拱桥44. bridge piers 桥墩45. abutment 桥台46. auxiliary 附加的47. embankment 坝48 . permeability 渗透性49. arch dam 拱坝50. shaft 轴1. 工程管理 Engineering management2. 动力厂(发电厂) power plant；power station3. 连续梁 continuous beam4. 力 force5. 混凝土 concrete6. 公路工程 highway engineering7. 支配的，统治的，占优势 dominant8. 说法，术语 parlance9. 隐蔽处，躲避处，避难所 shelter10. 抗剪强度 shearing strength11. 建筑物 building12. 建筑学 architecture13. 建筑的组成 components of a building14. 承重框架load-carrying frame/ load-bearing frame15. 直升电梯 elevator/lift16. 砖石、砌体masonry17. 桁架truss18. 粉土silt19. 不均匀沉降uneven settlement20. 均匀沉降 uniform settlement21.基础 foundation22.过梁柱 post and lintel/ post and beam23. 钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete24. 荷载 load25. 剪力墙 shear wall26. 筒中筒tube in tube27. 刚梁桥rigid beam bridge28. 悬索桥suspension bridges29. 公路工程highway engineering30. 土石坝earth and rockfill dam31.混凝土坝concrete dam32.堤坝embankment1.Civil engineering, the oldest of engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage system to rocket-launching facilities.土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。
土木工程专业英语词汇
土木工程专业英语单词Torque 转动扭矩 Impose 施加, 将…强加于Composite 合成的, 复合的Sag 下垂Deflect 偏转, 弯曲, 倾斜Misalignment 安装误差Plaster 灰泥, 灰浆, 涂层Buckling 弯曲, 折曲, 下垂Stiffness 刚度, 刚性 In contradistinction to M 与M截然不同Tension 张力, 拉力 Compression 压缩, 压力Diagrammatic sketch 示意图Ceramics 陶瓷, 陶瓷材料Inertia 惯性 Lifetime 使用寿命Iterative 反复的, 迭代的 Durability 耐久性, 持久性Pinpoint 准确定位, 针尖 Evolve 经过实验研究得出Statics 静力学 Strength of materials 材料力学Deformation 变形Influx 流入, 灌注Distortion 变形Boring machine 镗床Boom 吊杆, 悬臂, 起重杆 Dragline 拉铲挖土级, 挖掘斗Gray cast iron 灰铸铁Modulus of elasticity 弹性模量Rigidity 刚性, 刚度, 稳定性 Slip 滑度, 打滑Creep 蠕变 Yield 屈服于, 屈服Rupture 破裂, 断裂, 破坏 Load-carrying capacity 承载能力Terminology 专用名词 Helical spring 螺旋型弹簧Concentrated 集中的, 浓缩的 Distribute 分布, 分发, 散布Resultant 合力, 合成的 Centroid 矩心, 重心Torsional 扭的, 转的Bending 挠曲, 弯曲Flexural 弯曲的, 挠性的 couple 对, 双, 力偶Non-load-bearing 非承重 brittle 脆弱的, 脆性的ASTM 美国材料试验学会BSI 英国标准学会SAA 澳大利亚标准学会 Passage 一段, 一节Plastic deformation 塑性变形moisture content 含水量Timber 木材 veracity 诚实, 真实性Ready-mixed concrete 预拌混凝土building contractor 建筑承包商Hydraulic press 水压机 grading 分等, 分类, 级配Fatigue 疲劳ductility 可延展性Toughness 韧性 stress-strain curve 应力－应变曲线Durability 耐久性, 耐用年限 chloride 氯化物, 漂白粉Sulphate 硫酸盐alkali 碱性, 碱Permeability 渗透性, 透气性 weathering 风化Disruptive 分裂的, 摧毁的 thaw 融化, 解冻Entrain 携带, 传输 leaching 浸出, 溶析Carbonation 炭化作用blasting 破裂, 吹风Attrition 磨损 cavity 洞穴Hydraulic structure 水工建筑物 pervious 透水的, 透光的Aggregate 集料, 骨料 homogeneous 均质的, 均匀的Compact 压实, 捣紧 kerb 路缘, 道牙Air-entrained concrete 加气混凝土 glaze 珐琅质, 上釉Stainless steel 不锈钢galvanize 电镀Gutter 排水沟, 楼都不 humidity 湿度, 湿气Porous 多孔的, 疏松的 spectrum 谱Infrared 红外的, 产生红外辐射的 ultraviolet 紫外的Gravel 砾石, 卵石 anodized 受过阳极化处理的Hydrate 水合物reinforcement 加强, 加固Spall 剥落, 散裂 erosion 侵蚀, 腐蚀Abrasion 磨损, 磨耗 quarry 方形砖Eddy 涡流, 漩涡运动 reinforcing steel 钢筋Reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 reinforcing bar 钢筋Longitudinal 长度的, 纵向的, 轴向的 dispose 处置Incline 倾斜, 弄斜 moment 力矩Bond 结合, 结合力, 粘合力 interlock 连动, 连接Forestall 阻止, 预防 embed 放入, 埋入Prestressing steel 预应力钢筋 rebar 钢筋Splice 接头 congestion 充满Form 模坂 ACI 美国混凝土协会Code 法规, 规程 galvanize 电镀Undue 过度的, 过分的 BS 英国标准Blending machine 弯筋机mandrel 芯棒Jig 夹具 dowel 夹缝丁, 暗销Wire clip 钢丝剪reference number 参考号数Mill scale 热轧钢表面氧化皮spacer 隔离物Clip 夹子, 剪刀slab 板, 块, 楼板Cradle 吊架, 托架, 支架chair 托架, 支板Mild steel 低碳钢 tack 图钉, 点焊焊缝Hydraulic 水力的, 液力的 additive 添加剂Admixture 外加剂 binder 胶结剂Aggregate 聚集, 结合, 骨料, 填料aerate 充气Aerate concrete 加气混凝土cellular 蜂窝状的Portland 波特兰水泥 pulverize 粉化, 磨碎Granulate 成粒状, 轧碎 blastfurnace 高炉, 鼓风炉Slag 矿渣, 炉渣 pigment 颜料, 色料Retarder 延迟剂, 缓凝剂accelerator 加速剂, 促凝剂Curing (混凝土)养护compaction 压实, 捣实Ambient 周围的, 外界的shrinkage 收缩, 下沉, 压缩Autoclave 蒸压器, 热压处理 frost 粗糙的, 无光泽的Efflorescence 风化, 粉化, 粉化物 sodium 钠Calcium 钙potassium 钾Carbonate 炭化 pozzolana 火山灰Sulphate 硫酸盐autoclaved aerated concrete 高压蒸养加气混凝土Hard-burnt 高温焙烧的, 炼制的 veneer 镶片, 砌面, 表层Mallet 木锤, 大锤 chisel 凿子Mold 模子, 模具mass production 大量生产Update 使现代化trade journal 行业杂志Periodical 定期的, 定期刊行的 editorial board 编辑委员会Beholder 旁观者 ordinance 规格, 条例, 法令Suspended structure 悬吊结构 joist 梁, 垳条Through bridge 下承桥 chord 弦杆Bracing 拉条, 支撑 web-girder 腹板大梁Box-girder 箱梁 plan view 平面图Outline 外形, 剖面 drawing 附图Bills of materials 材料清单radiator 散热器General arrangement 总体布置detail drawing 详图Cladding 包层, 包壳 panel 面板, 仪表盘GA drawing 总体平面图 zoom 变焦距In situ 原地, 在原地cumbersome 笨重的, 麻烦的Parameterized 参数化 specification 详细说明, 规范Verify 校验, 验证, 说明homogeneous 均匀的, 对等的Buckling 弯曲, 翘曲, 弯折 deterministic 确定的, 决定的Probabilistic 概率的, 随机的 deviation 偏差, 偏移, 参数Psychological 心理的, 精神的 cross-section 横断面, 横截面Amortization 阻尼 proof-load 检验荷载Field 场地, 工地survey 调查, 测量, 勘察Intrinsic 内在的, 固有的 stochastic 随机的, 不确定的Seismic 地震的, 与地震有关的 single load 集中荷载Foundation 基础, 地基gravity 重力Lateral 横向的, 侧面的 transient 瞬时的, 不稳定的Basement 底座, 基础, 地下室 erratic 反复无常的, 无规律的Footing 基础, 基脚, 底座, 垫层overdesign 保险设计Underdesign 欠安全设计 appurtenance 附属物, 附属设备Firewall 防火墙parapet 栏杆, 护墙, 女儿墙Remold 改造, 改型, 重铸 ductwork 管道系统, 管网Tenant 租用 latitude 纬度, 宽度, 范围Tributary 支流, 附庸, 辅助的cantilever 悬臂, 悬臂梁, 支架Provision 预防, 规定, 条款 overload 超载, 超重Reference 参考书 uncertainty 不确定性Slighting 轻蔑的, 不尊重的 likelihood 像有, 相似Pef = pounds per cubic foot 磅/平方英尺reliability 可靠性, 安全性Methodology 方法论 shield 屏蔽Shield 屏蔽, 遮护 without recourse to 不依赖Reason 推理, 论证 weir 堰, 拦河堰Spillway 溢洪道, 泻水道clause 条款项目Deploy 适用, 配置 filler wall 填充墙, 柱间墙Shear wall 剪力墙ignorance 外行Up-to-date 现代的, 最新likewise 同样Bucket 吊斗, 挖斗 wheelarrow 手推车, 独轮小车Buggy 手推车, 小斗车segregation 分凝, 离析Chute 斜槽 place 场所, 浇筑Lift 混凝土浇筑层, , 升降机displacement 偏移Compact 夯实 honeycomb 蜂窝结构Tamping 夯实, 捣固, 捣实 spinkling 喷洒Calcium chloride 氯化钙 settlement 沉陷Grout 水浆, 灌浆cohesive 粘聚的, 粘结的Workable 和易性好的,塑性的slump 坍塌度Workability 可塑性 air-entraining 加气的Deposit 存储, 浇注consolidation 加固, 压实Bleeding 渗漏subsidence 沉降, 下降Laitance 水泥浮浆 float 镘刀, 抹子Capillary 毛细管的, 毛细现象 flash set 急凝Aluminate 铝酸盐 burlap 麻袋, 粗麻布Membrane 膜, 隔板 emulsion 乳胶体, 乳液Polyethylene 聚乙烯 waterproof 防水Harden 硬化, 凝固 gravel 砾石, 卵石Immersion 浸入, 插入 headroom 净空高度, 头上空间Nominal 铭牌的, 名义的 power-driven 动力驱动的, 电动的External vibrator 表面振捣器 architect 建筑师Nonhomogeneous 不均匀的, 多相的creep 蠕变Shrink 缩小structure code 结构规范Ultimate strength 极限强度 load factor 荷载系数From M onwards 从m算起来 prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土Faulty 有缺点的, 报废的, 不合格的 embed 放入, 埋入Abutment 桥台,岸墩 thrust 推, 轴向力Jack 千斤顶, 支柱 motorway 汽车道, 快车道Tendon 钢筋束, 筋post-tensioned prestressing 后张法预应力Pre-tensioned prestressing 先张法预应力 manoeuvrable 机动的, 容易驾驶的Plain concrete 无筋混凝土 precompression 预加压力, 预先压缩Leak 漏, 渗漏camber 弯度, 曲度, 凸形Proportioning 使成比例, 确定几何尺寸 analogous 类似的, 类比的, 模拟的With reference to 参考, 参照, 关于centroid 矩心, 面积矩心, 质心Refinement 精制, 改善, 改进 bond 结合, 粘合, 粘合强度Transmit 传递, 寄, 传送 interlocking 可联动的, 联锁Plain bar 光面钢筋, 无结钢筋 formed bar 变形钢筋, 竹结钢筋Hoop 环, 箍, 铁箍tie 拉杆, 系杆Stirrup 箍筋, 钢筋箍 crushing 压碎, 轧碎Bearing 承载, 承受, 支撑点 bearing pressure 支承压力Rib 肋, 棱, perimeter 周边, 周长, 周界Blanketing 覆盖, 包上, 掩盖 mortar 砂浆, 灰浆, 灰泥Bentonite 膨润土, 膨土岩 trench 沟槽, 沟道, 沟管Tremie 混凝土导管（水下浇筑用） full prestressing 全预应力Partial prestressing 部分预应力reservoir 水库, 蓄水池Eccentric 偏心的, 呈偏心运动的, 偏心器 counteract 中和, 平衡Intermitterntly 间隙的, 断续的, 周期的 infrequent 不常见的, 稀少的Objectionable 不能采用的, 不适宜的reverse 颠倒的, 改变方向的, 交换的Cement paste 水泥浆sack 袋, 包, 一包, 一袋Water-cement ratio 水灰比trial-batch （混凝土）小量试拌Slump test 坍塌度试验 truncate 缩短, 截去Air-entraining agent 加气剂 plasticizer 增塑剂, 塑化剂revolving-drum mixer 转筒式搅拌机 ready-mixed 运送时搅拌的transit0mixed 运送时拌的 batch 配料, 分批配料congested 拥挤的, 充塞的 haul 搬运, 运输discharge 卸货, 卸载 hopper 漏斗, 装料车batching plant 拌和厂 batching 配料, 定配合比ecclesiastical 基督教会的, 教士的 landmark 陆标, 里程碑, 界标mobility 可动性, 机动性, 流动性 topographical 地形的, 地形测量的subservient 辅助性的tax 使受压力, 负担shear wall core 剪力墙筒体 prefabrication 预制的, 预制品slip-formwork 滑模 crane 起重机, 用起重机吊codify 编成法典, 编纂 elevator 升降机escalator 升降梯, 自动扶梯drift 漂移, 位移prescribe 规定, 命令, 指示I-beam 工字梁, 工字钢masonry 砖石工程, 砌筑体staircase 楼梯lofty 高耸的, 极高的condominium 各住户认购各自一套公寓楼brace 支撑, 支柱bundle 捆, 扎, 粘合soaring 高耸的, 高涨的 tributary 支流, 从属的prototype 原型, 样机web 腹板, 梁板torsion 扭转, 转矩 orthogonal 互相垂直的, 正交的, 直角的stiffen 加强, 加固 urbanization 都市化habitation 住宅, 住所deterrent 制止物, 威慑因素premium 奖金, 质量改进的clutter 混乱, 干扰, 弄乱multi-discipline 多学科pedestrian 行人, 步行者plaza 广场, 大空地sway 摇, 摆动overturn 倾倒, 翻转 clear span 净高clear spacing 净距 zoning 分区, 区域化excavation 挖掘, 挖方 overlook 检查, 监督interim 间歇底, 暂时的empiricism 经验主义elastoplastic 弹塑性的subset 子系统compartmentalize 间隔化,隔开,分段 mantle 罩,外壳,地幔erosion 侵蚀,冲刷,磨损 waterborne 水生的,水力运输的boulder 漂砾,大块石 cobble 圆石,鹅软石pebble 小软石,小砾石 degradation 剥蚀,退化avalanche 山崩,坍方,崩塌 stratum 地层,岩层meandering 曲折的,弯曲的,曲流的 stratified 有层次的,分层的water table 地下水位 detritus 瓦砾,腐质percolation 渗透,渗滤 soil profile 土壤剖面,土层剖面residual soil 残积土transported soil 运积土ground water 地下水superstructure 上层结构earth fill 土堤substructure 下部结构,基础工事demarcation 分界线 sanitary 环境卫生的sanitary fill 垃圾堆积场reclamation 废料回收,改造,垦殖disposal 处理,清理,处置boring 钻探,打眼mat 席,垫,钢筋网 caisson 沉箱retaining-wall 挡土墙uneven settlement 不均匀沉降overburden 超载,过载 strap beam 搭扣形梁unsound 不坚固的,不牢固的pile 桩,打桩hardpan 硬土层,坚固基础 raft 筏,木排combined footing 联合基础 cantilever footing 悬臂基础raft of floating foundation 筏式基础或浮筏基础soil mass 土体pile shaft 桩身 stratum 地层, 矿层end-bearing pile 端承桩 uplift 举起, 抬起water table 地下水位scour 冲刷, 洗涤deposit 沉积, 浇注, 矿床 soil-exploration 土质勘察footing 基础, 基脚, 底座 strip 带, 条, 狭长片raft 筏, 垫板 capital 柱头fixity 固定, 不变eccentric 偏心的, 不同圆心的nonuniformity 不均匀性, 不均质性 scheduling 编制时间表drain 消耗, 耗尽premium 奖金, 佣金hold up 阻碍procurement 取得, 获得, 采购vector 矢量, 向量prerequisite 先决条件, 前提concurrent 同时进行的, 并行的 lead time 产品设计至实际投产时间litigation 诉讼, 打官司 chronological 按时间顺序的hoist 卷扬机, 起重机 utility 实用的, 公用事业utility line 公用事业管线 accrue 产生, 出现dismantle 拆除, 拆卸 remuneration 酬劳, 报酬commensurate 同量的, 相应的 degenerate into 简化成, 变质成in-house 机构内部的 critical path 关键路径lay down 规定, 制定计划 wearing surface 磨耗面base course 基层 asphalt 柏油landscaping 风景设计, 风景布置 bulldozer 推土机, 压路机vibrating roller 振动压路机 bitumen 沥青grill 格栅, 铁格网mesh 网, 网格, 筛concrete train 混凝土铺路机组 slipform paver 滑模铺路机hold in place 把…固定在引诱的位置runway 跑道, 通道Tokaido line 新干线 catalyst 触媒, 催化剂Side-effect 副作用 decentralization 分散, 疏散Unity 整体, 单元 outstrip 超过Crude 天然的, 原油piecemeal 片断, 点Ferment 酵素, 发酵, 蓬勃发展 underlying 基础的, 根本的Geographer 地理学家 operations research 运筹学Cable-stayed 斜拉的, 张拉的 girder 梁, 垳, 梁杆Cast-in-place 现场浇筑的 AASHT美国洲际公路及运输工作者协会AREA 美国铁路工程师协会 crossing 交叉, 十字路口Pier 桥墩 elevated 高架的, 高的, 高架铁路Clearance 间隙, 净空, 间距 segment 部分, 段Dominance 支配, 控制, 优势 one-way slab 单向配筋板Versus 与…的关系曲线 statically determinate structure 静定结构Skew 斜的, 扭的, 弯曲的on-site 现场的, 就地的, 工地Shear key 受剪键bituminous concrete 沥青混凝土Dissipate 清除, 消除 composite structure 混合结构Acronym 缩写词, 缩语chore 零星工作, 零活In the foreseeable future 在可遇见的未来一段时间内 impetus 动力, 刺激Draughtsman 绘图员, 起草者 repetitious 重复的, 反复的Mundane 世间的, 世俗的jargon 行话, 术语, 难懂的话Level 水平, 水位, 水平仪 theodolite 精密经纬仪Envision 想象, 遇见, 展望contour map 等高线, 地形图Plat 地段, 地区图, 地段图grading 校准, 定标, 土工修正Stake 标桩, 定位木桩picture 图画, 设想, 想象Cut 挖土, 挖方 fill 填筑, 填方, 填土, 路堤Borrow 取土, 采料, 采料场 indeterminate structure 超静定结构Myriad 万, 无数, 无数的 photogrammetry 摄影测绘sGeotechnical engineering 岩土工程 mass transit 公共交通Transmission line 输电线infiltrate 渗入, 渗透Estimator 估价者, 评价者rival 对手, 竞争, 比得上Off-the-shelf 现成的, 成品的, 畅销的 afterthought 回想, 反省, 后悔, 马后炮Timeliness 及时, 时间性, 好时机 inception 开始, 起头, 开端Culminate 达到顶点, 结束 beneficiary 受益人, 受惠人Outset 开始, 最初 working drawing 施工图Prescribe 规定, 命令 delineation 描绘, 描述Co-ordinate 相同, 同等的事物 prerogative 特权, 特性Board of directors 董事会 estimating 估价Margin 边缘, 余量, 余地tender 投标, 承包, 标件Incisive 尖锐的, 深刻的, 透彻的 realm 范围, 部门, 类Forethought 预先考虑好的modus 方法, 程式Modus operandi 做法, 方法, 工作方式nullify 废弃, 取消Indispensable 不可缺少的, 必需的 corollary 推论, 结果Doom 毁灭, 灭亡, 判决 obverse 较显著面Tactical 战术的, 策略的deployment 部署, 调度, 配置Ensemble 整体, 总效果 pictorial 绘图的, 插图的Dispassionate 冷静的, 不带偏见的 prognosis 预测, 预报Ubiquitous 普遍存在的, 随遇的 denominator 分母, 标准Handmaiden 起陪衬作用的 liken 比拟Jobbing 做临时工trade journal 行业期刊Cost plus 附加费 premise 前提, 房产Speculation 投机, 投机买卖sub-contractor 转包商, 分包商Order 订单 on-cost 杂费, 间接成本Microfiche 缩微胶片, 平片。
土木翻译unit 13
Unit 13 悬索桥的设计跨径最先要做出决定的是主跨的长度。
正如大多数适合于长跨径的结构形式一样，大多数的悬索桥将被使用于提供隧道的通航水道。
在这些情况下，主跨的最小长度将由使用水道所需要确保安全通航船只的净宽决定。
这些考虑必须包括最经济的保护主塔基础的水路避免船的冲击力。
这些考虑必须包括能够保护主塔基础不受船冲击力的最经济的水道。
通过加长跨度把他们安置在足够的潜水深度来阻挡大型船只的靠近，或是提供保护性工作。
例如船舶保护岛屿。
然而，对于非常大跨度来说，主塔基础能够充分的抵消船只的意外冲击，而不需要额外的防护工程。
额外的跨长也适用于良好的地基条件上定位主塔基础，或在陆地上确保快速的经济的建设。
边跨的长度一般会选择定位在能够经济建设的索锚上。
然而，由边跨塔顶缆索的限制是在桥梁主跨竖直刚度的重要决定性因素。
因此，在主跨大约二分之一处的边跨长度上设置一个上限，稍低的价值可能会被发现是最好的。
边跨的最小长度取决于其所导致的与塔毗连的缆索的倾斜度的增加情况。
这个的结果是增加缆索的张力和一个更大的缆索，除非在边跨提供额外的钢板线。
为给塔顶提供一个有效地约束，边跨的长度应当采用不超过主跨的百分之四十。
然而，边跨的长度不应该超过主跨长度的25%到30&，以避免塔缆索张力过高的不平衡。
要说明的一点是没有必要使得边跨的长度相等。
板面桥结构的选择（箱梁/板梁/桁架）悬浮桥面结构对于生产一个经济的整体桥梁设计是至关重要的。
桥面结构中最重要的设计要求是：低体重；良好地空气动力特性；高抗扭刚度低体重是很必要的，整个桥面的重量是由缆索结构体系支撑（缆索，塔，锚头）。
因此，任何在桥面重量上的节省都将在这些元素上产生进一步的节省，当跨度长度增加时，收益就会越来越显著。
长跨度和悬索桥梁的相对柔性结构意味着风荷载和空气动力稳定性是设计的关键问题。
一个好的桥面设计必须要有低风阻力去横截风速，并且更重要的是不易受到空气动力学所引起的不稳定的类型。
Civil Engineering英语
Civil EngineeringIntroductionEngineers have probably contributed more to the shapingof civilization than any other professional gtoup. In everysociety , the role of engineers is to develop the technological appli cation to meet praclical needs. For example, the application of an el ectrical system is to provide power to acity, a water wheel is to run a mill, an artificial heartis to prolong life, etc. The systems that supply our food,water, fuel, power, transpartafion network , communication and other conveniences are the products of engineering skill. Despite the essen tial part engineers play in the above progress and in the well-being of humanity, their exact role is imperfectly understood.Engineering is the art of converting knowledge into useful practic al applications. An engineer is a person , who plays tloe key role in this process of conversion. Since engineering is the profession whic h serves people , their environment is an important consideration. Of ten , there have been difficulaes in distinginshing engineers from sc ientists. Itis difficult to determine where the wofk of the scientistends and that of the engineer begins.The basic distinction between the linked professions of science and engineering lies in their goals. Scientists aim to invent while e ngineers strive ta use the inventions effectively to cater to the nee ds of mankind. For exarnple, the Gennan physicist Heinrich Hertz dis covered radio waves while Guglielmp marconi developed wireless telegr aplry using radio waves, a feat of engineering. And after the Scienti fic principle of nuclear fission were established ,the hard work of c reating atomic weapons and useful power planis was accomplished by el ectrical. chemical and mechanical engineersCivil EngineeringCivil Engineeringis that'branch of engineering which aims to provide a comfortable and safe living for the people. Shelter , one of the primary needs of ma nkind , is provided by civil engineers. The efficient planning of wat er supply and irrigation systems increases the food production in a c ountry. Shelters , apart from just being shelters , have been constru cted by civil engineers to provide a peaceful and comfortable life. T he engineenng marvels of the world, starting from the pyramids to tod ay's thin shell structures, are the results of the development in civ il engineering. Communication lines like roads, railways, bridges, et c. without which development is impossible, are fruits of civil engineers'work .Scope of Civil EngineeringAny discipline of engineering is a vast field with various speci alizations. The major specializations of civil engineering are listed below :1 . Structural englneenng.2. Geotechnical engineenng.3 . Fluid mechanics , hydraulics and hydraulic machines4. Transportatron engineenng.5. Water supply , sanitary and environmental engineering6. Irrigation engjneering.7. Surveying , levelling and remote sensing.Structural EngineeringStructural engineering is the most important specialization in civil engineering. The construction of a J structure needs efficient planning , design and method of construction to serve the purpose ful ly. Generally there : are five major steps in any construction projec t. These include the following:1. Positioning and ananging the various parts of the structure into a definite form to achieve best l utilization.2. Finding out the magnitude , direction and nature of various forces acting on the structure.3. Analyzing the structure to know the behavior of the various parts of the structure subjected to the above Iforces.4. Designing the structure such that its stability under the ac tion of various loads is ensured.5. Executing the work with selected construction materials and skilled workers.Geotechnical EngineeringFor the efficient functioning of any structure built on earth, the behavior of soil must Ba Imown. bnical engineering gives the basi c idea about the soil. This branch also deals with the following aspe cts:1. The properties and behavior of soil as a material under " so il mechanics"2. The vanous types of foundations for a structure, for a machi ne, etc. and their suitability. Geotechnical grneering also deals wit h the analysis , design and construction of foundation.Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulics and Hydraulic MachinesFluid mechanics deals with the properties and behavior of fluid s at rest or in motion. The principles of fluid rmechaaics can be app lied to daily life as in the case of the flight of planes , the movem ent of fish in water , and the circulation of blood in the veins.The design of hydraulic structures , such as dams and regulator s , require the force exerted by water and the behavior of Water unde r pressure.Machines which utilize the hydraulic energy are called hydrauli c machines, For example, turbines use _Poten"al energy Of Water to ge nerate power. Pumps are devices which utilize mechan ical energy to l ift watef. The efficient working of the above machines depends upon t he fluid behavior' which is dealt with in this discipline, Transportation EngineeringThe developmeht of a nation mainly depends on the communication facilities available: measuned in terms of the road and railway faci lities available. There are three modes of transportation, viz: land , water and air. This specialization deals with the design , construc tion and execution of the communication routes.The different branches of transportation engineering include th e following : highway engineering deals withthe planning and designing of roads, railway engineering deals with t he railway tracks, harbor engineering dealswith the bagbors and airport engineering deals with the airports.Water Supply, Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Without food man can survive for days but not without water. The responsibility of ( drinking) water to the public and disposing the w aste water safely is that of a civil water are precipitataon and unde rground water. A nation' s wealth is deals with enng aeals wii harbor deals englneenng Providing potable englneer. Te sources of water are precipition and understand water.Watersupply, engineertng deals with the locarton, collecrton of water. its treatrnent methods, tests fof standard limits and efficient supply o f water.Used water ,solidwastes, toxic wastes, etc. cannot be disposed direcrty since these af fect the environment. Hence thesehave to be treated and tested for the standard limits and then dispos ed Sanitaty engineering deals with the collecrtonof used water, their tieatment methods and effecrtve disposal which safeguards lhe whole World, Tlle natural and artificial wastes gener ated and ,eleased Into the atmosphe,e have upset the natural eqinl ibhum. Anthropogenic or human-induced pollutants have overloaded the system.The role of an environmental engineer is to build a bridge betw eei the techniques to the job of cleaning the debris. Environmental e ngine( the environment from the deleterious effects of human activity which woDld result in the improvement of environmental quallty for t he well being of mankind.Irrigation EngineeringIrrigation may be defined as the process of supplying water by man-made methods for the purpose of land Cultivation. Irrigation engi neering includes the study and design of works related to the control of river water and the drainage of waterlogged areas. Thus, irrigati on engineering deals with the controlling and hamessing of various re sources of water, by constiuctrng dams , reservoirs , canals , head w orks and distribution charurels to the cultivable land .Surveying Levelling and Remote SensingBefore starting any important civil engineering project, such a s the construction of railways , highways , dams and buildings , it b ecomes necessary to have a detailed suivey map showing accurate bound ary of the project area. Surveying is defined as an art of collecting data for mapping the relative positions of points on the surface of the earth. Levelling is the process of determining the relative heigh ts of the points on the surface of earth in a vertical plane.The main purpose of the survey work is to prepare the plan of t he object to be surveyed. Various instruments are used to measure and collect the necessary information to draw the plan. Remote sensing u ses 1 teclmique of obtaining the data about an area by taking aerial photographs. The intelligent interpretation gives a clear pictore of the terrarn.Functions of Civil EngineerCivil engineering incorporates activities such as construction of structures llke build,,ings , dams , bridges , roads, railways, hy draulic structures, water supply and sanitary engineering.Vanous Functions of a civil engineer are listed below.1. Investigation The first fbnction of a civil engineer is to c ollect the necessary data that is xequired before planning a project.2. Surveying The objectives of surveying is to prepare maps and plans to locate the various structures of a project on the surface of earth.3. Planning Depending on the results obtained from investigatio n and surveying , a civil engineer should prepare lire necessary draw ing for the project with respect to capacity, size and location of it s various components. On the basis of this drawing , a preliminary es timate should be worked oot.4. Design After planning, the safe dimension of the components required is worioed out. With dimension a detailed drawing is prepare d for various components and also Eor the whole strueture estimate is also calculated.5. Execution This function deals with the preparation of schedu les for construction activities, floating oftentlers , finaiization of contracts , supervision of construction wo rk , preparation of bills and maintenance.6. Research and Development In addition to the above works , a civil engineer has to engage himself in research and tlevelopment to achieve economy and to improve the efficiency to meet the present and future needsUnit 3 ArchitectureNow that we have a working definition of architecture and its fundam ental purpose-intellectual Stracturing and identification oi p;ace-w can look at the elements available in design. These are not the physi cal matenalj of building-bricks and mortar, glass , timber etc. -but the compositional elements of archltecture , and should be considered not as objects in themselves but in the ways they contribute to the identification of places. The primary elements of architecture are th e conditions within which it operates ( Figure 1 ) . These include: t ue ground, which is the datum to which most products of architecture relate, the space above , whlch is the medium that architecture mould s into places; gravity, which holds things down, light, by which we s ee things ; and time ( few if any examples of architecture can be exp erienced as a whole all at one time-discovery, approach , entry , exp loration and memory are usually involved) . Within these conditions t he architect has a range of elements with which to compose. It cannot be said that the following list is complete but at the most basic le vel the range of elements includes : e Defined area of ground ( Figur e 2) The definition of an area of ground is fundamental to the identi fication of many if not most types of place. It may be no more than a clearing in the forest or it may be a pitch laid out for a football game. It may be small or stretch to the horizon, It need not be recta ngular in shape nor need it be level. It need not have a precise boun dary but may , at its edges , blend into the surroundings. e Raised a rea, or platform ( Figure 3 ) A raised platform creates a horizontal surface lifted above the natnral ground. It may be high or IOW. It ma y be large-a stage or terrace ; it may be medium-sized-a table or alt ar, it may be small-a step or shelf. . Lowered area, or pit (Figure 4 ) A pit is fonned by excavation of the ground's surface. It creates a place below the natural level of the J ground. It may be a grave , o r a trap, or even provide space for a subterranean house. It might be a sunken I gaeden or pethps a swirnming pool.8A marker identifies a particular place in the most basic way. It doe s so by occupying the spot and by standing out from the surroundings. It may be a pole planted in the sand, a standing stone or a statue, a tombstone or a flag on a golf course ; it might be a church steeple or a multi-storey office block. . focus (Figure 6) The word focus is the Latin for c hearth ' In architecture it can mean any element upo n which concentrauon is brought to bear. Thls might be a fireplace, b ut it could also be an altar, a throne , a work of art , even a dista nt mountain. . Barrier A barrier divides one place from another. It c ould be a wall ( Figure 7 ) ; i1 may also be a fence; or a hedge. It could be a dyke or a moat , or just the psychological barrier of a li ne on the fioor.9Roof, or canopy (Figure 8) The roof dividgs a place from the forces of the sky, defined impliez J im?asesa_aei:naA_area,Lof ground beneat h it. A roof can be as small as a beam over a dorway or as large as a I ;ault over a football stadium. Because of gravity a roof needs sup port Tnis could be 2.ovrwdedy J could he by supporting posts or colum ns ( Figure 9 ) . Other elements include:10a place along which one moves. It may be straight but could trace an irregular route across the ground surface avoielang obstacles. A path may also be a bridge ( Figure 11 ) across a gap or be inclined as a ramp. It may be formally laid out or merely defined by use-no more th an a line of wear across the land. e Openings . doorways ( Figure 12 ) by which one may pass through a barrier from one place to another, but which are also places tn their own right; and windows ( Figure 13 ) through which one can look and which allow passage of light and ai f. A more recent basic element is the glass wall ( Figure 14 ) , whlc h is a barrier physically but not visually. Another is the suspension rod ( Figure 15 ) or cable@ , which can support a platfom, bridge or roof , but which also depends upon a structural support above. Combi ned Elements Basic elements such as these can be combined to create r udimentary architectural forms. Sometimes these combined elements hav e names of their own.11Barriers can be combined to form an enclosure , which defines an are a by putting a wall around it. Floor , walls and a roof create a cell or room, separating a space from everywhere else and marking it a pl ace. AEd giving a roof the supporting columns it needs creates an aed icule , one of the most fundamental of architectural12fornis. Arranging a series of small platform at an angle makes a stai r. And arranging them vertically makes a set of shelves. These basic elements and rudimentary forms recur again and again in the examples in this book. They are used in architecture of all times and regions of the world. In architecture there are some common combinations of b asic elements , for example , lli enclosure , cell , aedicule, stair and shelves, all of which are composed of different combinations of b asic elements-defined area of ground, wall , doorway, roof , column, and platform. An ancient Greek temple consists of some of these basic elements, used in a clear and direct way to identify the place of a god. The building stands on a platform, and consists of walls that de fine a cell . wltich is surrounded by columns. The columns together w ith the walls of the cell support the roof. The cell is entered throu gh a doorway , outside of which is a sma)1_platform in the form of an altar. Together , this composition of basic architectural elements o rganizes the spdce and orchestrates one's experience of the temple. S ee how the doorway establishes a relationship between the statue of t he god and the alta:. See also how the columns veil the cella or core cell of the temple. Imagine too how it would feel to enter the templ e, or tO walk tween the columns and the cella wall. Such a temple , o ften sited on a hill , as a whole acts as a market, that can be seen fkom far away.13Together, the platform, walls, columns, roof and altar identify the p lace of tne god the carved statue within . which is the focus of the whole complex and the city around.土，，o，。
土木工程专业外语翻译
土木工程专业外语翻译土木工程专业外语翻译Lesson 1 Civil Engineering土木工程Civil engineering，the oldest of the engineering specialties，is the planning，design，construction, and management of the built environment．This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles，from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities.土木工程，最老的工程专业，是建筑环境的规划、设计、施工和治理。
那个环境包括从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施的所有依照科学原理建筑的结构物。
Civil engineers build roads，bridges，tunnels，dams，harbors，power plants，water and sewage systems，hospitals，schools，mass transit，and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations．土木工程师修建道路、桥梁、隧道、大坝、港口、发电站、水系统和污水系统，医院、学校、公共交通系统，以及现代化社会和大量人口集中的地点所必需的其他公共设施。
They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads，pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial，commercial, or residential use．他们也修建私人拥有的设施，如机场、铁路、水渠、高楼大厦，和为工业、商业、民用设计的其他大型建筑。
土木工程专业英语翻译
1
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1.1 概论
1.1.1 翻译的任务
• 翻译的定义：翻译是使用不同语言的民族交流思想的工 具。翻译本身是一种语言活动，是把一种语言文字的意 义用另一种语言文字表达出来 (《现代汉语词典》)。
1.词义方面：对应情况有4种情况： b.英语词汇意义比汉语广： • Material > 材料. • straight > 笔直. • reduce > 减少.
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1.2.1 词汇的对比
1.词义方面：对应情况有4种情况： c.英语词汇意义不及汉语广： • 道路 > road. • 汽车 > car. • 万 > ten thousand.
一固定的英语单词。 • 联系上下文，确定单词的具体意义。
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1.2.1 词汇的对比
2.词的搭配：
• reduce speed，reduce to powder，reduce the temperature， reduce the time，
• reduce construction expense， • reduce the scale of construction， • reduce the numbers of traffic accidents.
1.理解阶段：翻译过程的第一步，也是重要的阶段。
• 联系上下文+专业背景。
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1.1.3 翻译的过程
1.Pavement are classified as “rigid” or “flexible”, depending on how they distribute surface loads.
土木工程专业英语完整版本
Contents
The engineers determine pipeline design, the economic and environmental impact of a project on regions it must traverse, the type of materials to be used-steel, concrete, plastic, or combination of various materials installation techniques, methods for testing pipeline strength, and controls for maintaining proper pressure and rate of flow of materials being transported.
结构工程是最重要的一个专业，它包括：将结构的不同部分进行 定位和布置，从而形成一个确定的形式以获得最好的利用；确定结 构必须抵抗的力，结构的自重，风和飓风，使施工材料产生的膨胀 和收缩的温度变化，以及地震力。
Contents
They also determine the combination appropriate materials: steel, concrete, plastic, stone, asphalt, brick, aluminum, or other construction materials.
Structural engineering is the most important specialization, it includes: positioning and arranging the various parts of the structure into a definite form to achieve best utilization； determining the forces that a structure must resist, its own weight, wind and hurricane forces, and temperature change that expand or contract construction materials, and earthquake.
土木工程专业英语课后作业翻译
Reading Material(1)地铁工程是一个涉及规划、总图布置、详细设计、建造和地铁操作的交通运输系统的一个分支学科。
在大规模交通运输中，这些地下系统是一个主要要素。
随着城市化规模和人口面积增加，车辆交通变得更加拥挤，在规划城镇大量交通系统时，地铁正在被深度考虑。
1863年，第一个地铁在伦敦开放。
用焦炭和煤做燃料的蒸汽机被用到电车上。
1896年，欧洲大陆的第一个地铁用在服务上。
1895年和1897年，在波士顿、麻萨诸塞州，地铁线路制定。
从那以后，地铁被建在美国的好几个城市中。
最现代化的地铁是为在舒服的空调汽车里旅行时最大安全与高速一起设计的。
火车运行由电子设备控制。
自从地铁建造被投放在特别的设计地下铁路中，在地铁建设中，需要大多数的有关铁路的工程师。
然而，在地铁施工中大量而又昂贵的建造是重点；因为伴随着隧道经常要穿过足够深的地下水体；需要考虑地下乘客的极限；详细的空气流通设备；冗长的地下电子能源分布系统；照明设施；把乘客运输到地面的电梯；噪音控制；还有安全和灵活的电子信号设施。
规划。
有关地铁的工程计划包含去决定是否一个地铁系统是经济可行的。
这项工作包含大量的对工程造价的预测，乘客量、乘客费用，和税收、运营费用、仪器的贬值和维修、乘客的安全的估计的综合分析。
施工。
往往很难安装，地铁的施工明挖法和暗挖法同时存在。
运用明挖法时，一个基坑需要被挖掘。
这经常需要在基坑的每一边搭建支撑杆，另外不同的层面需要大的交叉框架。
敞开的基坑程序限制了工作可能完成的深度。
暗挖法允许地铁安置在很深的地方。
但是由于土的类型或者说所建造的地基的物质，不稳定的状况，巨大的水流量可能会造成运营很昂贵。
地铁的最佳位置的确定需要更仔细研究和考虑的各种植物，包括基础。
在一些大城市地区把地铁建在中央商务区下面和地上的其它地方。
在芝加哥南部的地铁被放在一条州际公路在相对地面公路上中央分隔带的交通空间。
在另一个芝加哥线从中央商务区领导西部，地铁是建在国会街高速公路中央分隔带下面。
实际捕捉水处理厂站点云数据和现实捕捉说明书
RC20769Scanning Treatment Facilities Point Cloud Data and Reality Capture within TreatmentRaghavendra BhatMWH (now part of Stantec)Joseph HuangMWH (now part of Stantec)Learning Objectives∙How to define laser scan surveying requirements for accurately documenting existing structures∙How to extract typically needed plant deliverable from laser scans∙Discover different versions of visualization from point cloud data and into ReCap, Revit, Infraworks and Navisworks∙Learn how to utilize large-scale scans and effective division of data (Tips and Tricks)DescriptionReality capture technologies such as 3D laser scanning, mobile and aerial LiDAR, and drone photogrammetry are becoming the normal practice for site surveying instead of the traditional labor-intensive method. How to specify the scope of work for the surveyors and drone operators may result in the different levels of useful data to be digitalized in BlM/3D modeling platforms with an efficient process. This class will focus on workflows used for developing information models out of laser scans for the Water Treatment industry in UK and US. We will discuss a variety of workflow options utilizing data captured from Drones and laser scans and also validate the scan data by using ReCap software, process data in Edgewise for auto detection of Pipes and import the processed data into Revit for further modeling.Your AU Expert(s)Raghavendra Bhat is BIM Leader (Pune) at MWH Global (now part of Stantec) providing Integrated Project Delivery expertise utilizing Autodesk software. He has over 11 years of professional experience working in the AEC industry on a wide variety of international as well as local projects. He has also mentored, trained, developed standards & guidelines and project templates/Standard templates. His role in MWH covers developing Revit Standards for the organization, global integration of projects in line with client’s expectations and BIM protocols. Coordinate with a global team to support the MWH Global BIM design group including developing communications, comparing methods, and collaborating towards common growth and integration of BIM globally.Joseph Chuen-huei Huang is BIM Practice Leader for North America (E&I) at MWH Global (now part of Stantec), a licensed architect with 20 years of professional experience in the AEC industry with a focus on BIM implementation and digital design integration. He has served as the BIM Manager for numerous large-scale projects including the Panama Canal Third Set of Locks. He has a broad range of experience from vertical construction to infrastructure, and has successfully integrated BIM into design and construction phases. Besides that, he is the author of Participatory Design for Prefab House: Using Internet and Query Approach of Customizing Prefabricated Houses, and presents BIM-related topics regularly to universities and global industry groups at international conferences like AU, SAME, ACADIA, eCAADe, and CADDRIA. He has a PhD degree in Architecture from Illinois Institute of Technology and a Master’s Degree in Architecture from the University of Oregon.Table of ContentsScanning Treatment Facilities Point Cloud Data and Reality Capture within Treatment (1)Reality Capture/Computing Tools and Technologies (4)Specifying Scanning Requirements (4)Providing Requirements to the Surveyor: (4)Verifying Input Information (4)Managing Expectations (5)Post Scanning Process and Delivery (5)Tools and Workflows (5)Technical/Hardware Requirements (6)Applications Used (6)Managing Data Transfer Over Office in Different Locations (6)Project Setup (7)Verifying the As-built Models (7)Visual Checks in Revit (7)Visual and Clash Check in Navisworks Manage (7)Visual Check in ReCap 360 Pro (Beta feature to import NWD) (8)Visual Check using Fuzor Mobile App (8)Design Review of As-built Models in BIM 360 Glue (9)Best Practices (9)Tips and Tricks (10)ReCap Tips (10)Navisworks Tips for working with Point Clouds (10)InfraWorks Tips for working with Point Clouds (12)Reality Capture/Computing Tools and Technologies There are various tools and technology available to capture As-built information.We have been using the Laser scans and Photogrammetry on Treatment projects at MWH now part of Stantec.Reality Capture: Reality capture can be achieved by using techniques such as Lidar, where lasers take detailed scans of an area or by photogrammetry, which is an alternate method by which reality capture is achieved using photographs to reconstruct an accurate scale 3D representation of the area to be worked on.Reality Computing: Reality computing is used by engineers/designers with help from many applications like ReCap, Revit, Infraworks to reduce time and increase accuracy in many types of proposed expansion works of existing facilities/plants etc.Specifying Scanning RequirementsIt is very essential that the Design team clearly define the needs/requirements for the scan∙What information do I need?∙How will I use this Information?∙Which file formats does our design team need?Providing Requirements to the Surveyor:Key points to remember while specifying the Scanning Requirements1) Define scope of scans2) Provide markups of areas that need to be scanneda. Use Google earth to define the Aerial scopeb. Use existing As-built drawings to mark up the scope3) Specify the format(s) you need (FLS/E57/RCS/RCP)∙Ask for at least two formats ! (You do not want to go back to them again and again if one of the formats doesn’t work for you)∙If required to do an external survey ask for cleaned up files (excluding shrubs/trees…) Verifying Input Information∙Check the Coordinates – It is very important to verify the coordinates of the scans received as your As-built model should sync to the real world coordinates when youproceed with the detailed design∙Reference the RCP/RCS files in Civil 3D and verify if the locations match with any existing Civil Survey.∙If you do not have a civil survey, create a new file and define a relevant coordinate system, enable geo-location, and proceed with referencing the point cloud. Managing Expectations∙If there is a BIM Execution Plan (BEP) for the project∙If BEP defines the Level of Development (LOD) for the model to be developed for – Get an agreement∙Define the Output(s) and Format(s)Post Scanning Process and DeliveryTools and WorkflowsTechnical/Hardware RequirementsLaptop Configuration Desktop ConfigurationIntel®Core™******************** 2.50GHz2GB Nvidia Graphics card (Minimum)32 GB RAM (Minimum)64-bit OS Intel Xenon 3.10GHz2GB Nvidia Graphics card (Minimum) 32 GB RAM (Minimum)64-bit OSApplications Used∙ ReCap Proo Recap 360 – (Free Viewer)o Recap 360 Pro∙Autodesk Revit – 3D modelling / quantity extraction / model collaboration RVT – project file∙Autodesk Navisworks Manage – for model coordination & clash detection∙Autodesk Civil 3D – For verifying the point cloud geo-referencing2016 & 2017 version of civil 3D has options to classify point clouds and create terrain. ∙Clear Edge Edgewise – Used to process the point clouds and automatically detect the pipes.∙Fuzor - for visualization of As-built modelManaging Data Transfer Over Office in Different Locations∙Fedx? – Courier?∙Large Projects > 30 GBo Provide team with external portable hard drives∙Small Projects < 30 GBo Network Drive∙Have common mapping drive for the team.∙ ProjectWise∙ReCap 360 Web – for Project Stakeholders.Project Setup∙Index scans to convert them to usable formats (RCP/RCS)∙Create a new Revit Project using project template.∙Reference the Point Cloud data into Civil 3D and verify the location.∙Draw reference lines that define the X and Y for the structure.∙Save the Civil 3D file as a base file to set up coordinates in Revit.∙Reference the Saved Civil 3D file into Revit (you can choose manual base point and manually move to have the reference X&Y overlap with Revit 0,0.∙Make sure you move and rotate the DWG in True North only!∙From Manage>>Coordinates>>Acquire coordinates from the DWG link file.∙Then when you reference the Point Cloud data to shared coordinates it should pop up in the Revit work space aligned to the X&Y.Verifying the As-built ModelsVisual Checks in Revit∙Reference the point cloud in the Revit mode and Set up views in Revit to do a visual check.∙Have some critical area cross sections taken so that you can see the tolerance provided.∙You can put these Views an sheets too as a QC procedure to get an approval of the tolerance provided.Visual and Clash Check in Navisworks Manage∙For Reviewers easiest way to do reviews will be using Navisworks Manage∙Setup a NWF file, which has links to the live Revit model and reference in the Point clouds from the server location.∙Setting up NWF file ensures you always see the latest updated model.∙You can also do a Clash run between the point cloud and the 3D model to validate the accuracyVisual Check in ReCap 360 Pro (Beta feature to import NWD)https:///watch?v=FQUkYS6rKYQ&feature=youtu.beThis a new beta feature in ReCap 360, we have done some tests runs.We haven’t been successful on importing NWD files generated from Revit though if you export a DWG from the same Revit model and the NWD generated from this DWG model gets imported into ReCap 360.The Graphics performance is not so good. We have contacted the support team and probably in future this feature will have better enhancements.Visual Check using Fuzor Mobile AppOnce you have your As-built models ready you can publish a copy of this model to Fuzor Mobile. The site office can use this model on their Mobile/iPad to verify the accuracy in the area of interest.You can also create a QR code which when scanned loads up the model on your mobile.G ENERATE QR C ODE FOR F UZOR M OBILEDesign Review of As-built Models in BIM 360 GlueRevit and Navisworks have an Add-on for publishing the models to Glue, which can then be accessed by people on site by loading them up using the BIM 360 Glue mobile application.Best Practices∙ReCap is simple, though train each user!∙Setup Viewpoints to easily find location∙Create Regions to filter out what is needed and what is not.(Note: Revit and Navisworks do not support identified Regions) ∙In Navisworks have hyperlinks setup to design documents/drawings on Cloud∙Always edit on a local Hard Drive.∙Post process data on multiple computers. If you break down the data into smaller portions and process this data simultaneously on different system, you can get the post processing work done in a shorter time.Tips and TricksReCap Tips∙Always have the point cloud data on an external SSD hard drive.∙SSD Hard drives are easily portable and can act as a quick means to transfer the point cloud data across teams.∙Have a few tower machines setup for processing the raw scan data received.∙Always classify the point clouds to specific areas of interests.∙Classifying the point cloud data into regions saves time and avoids chances for the program to crash∙Have saved viewpoints in ReCAP? So that you can easily navigate to a certain location when required.RCP – Is a project file.RCS – Actual Point cloud dataNavisworks Tips for working with Point Clouds∙Always Create a NWF file for every project model and have the Live Revit RVT model(s) appended to the NWF file.This way you will always see the updates made from the live model.∙Also append the RCS/RCP files into the NWF file so that you can review the 3D model geometry with the scans∙Suggest that Point Clouds are referenced from a local hard drive, instead of referencing from a server.∙Create saved Viewpoints for easily finding/locating important areas∙Supporting laser scan formats∙Move all the point clouds together by “Transfer Selected Items” in Navisworks if needed. ∙In order to perform clash detection on point cloud, there are two items to make sure you set correctly. First, in the selection set, please make sure to click the Points button.Second, from the Type list in the setting area, you must choose Clearance. In theTolerance edit box, enter 0.04 Inches or 0.001 Meters depending on weather yourproject model/scans are in imperial or metric.∙Explanation: A point is an infinitely small area of space, with a dimension of ZERO in all axes. In order for Navisworks Manage to do a "hard clash", the object would have to be *exactly* on the surface of whatever is being tested - something that is highlyunlikely. Using the "clearance clash" checks for anything within the specified distance of the point.o Leica (PTS, PTX)o FARO (FLS, FWS, iQscan, iQmod, iQwsp) o Autodesk ReCap (RCS, RCP)Figure 1: RCS files imported to NavisworksmanageFigure 2: Revit model merged with RCS file inthis view (in Navisworks manage)InfraWorks Tips for working with Point Clouds∙ Import .RCS or .RCP files from a 3D laser scan – of an object, a topography, a building,or even an entire town under the InfraWorks Data Sources panel. Double-click the new data source to configure it. Specify the coordinates for the point cloud data location, or click “Interactive Placing”. If desired, adjust the scale, rotation, and offset of the point cloud. Click Close & Refresh.∙ Point Cloud Terrain Generation: with this new enhancement to point cloud objects inInfraWorks 360, you can take a point cloud data source in the model and automatically generate a terrain surface from the data.∙The icon is available under the InfraWorks 360 “Analyze group” and looks like a mountain with a dotted cloud shape above it.∙Once we have used/converted the Point Cloud to terrain, we can use the Point Cloud Modeling tool to convert some points to trees, street lights, sign, site furniture, etc.。
土木项目工程博士英语必备
⼟⽊项⽬⼯程博⼠英语必备.-⼟⽊⼯程博⼠研究⽣专业英语必备第⼀部分必须掌握，第⼆部分尽量掌握第⼀部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语Specialty English3 ⽔利⼯程Hydraulic Engineering4 ⼟⽊⼯程Civil Engineering5 地下⼯程Underground Engineering6 岩⼟⼯程Geotechnical Engineering7 道路⼯程Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁⼯程Bridge Engineering9 隧道⼯程Tunnel Engineering10 ⼯程⼒学Engineering Mechanics11 交通⼯程Traffic Engineering12 港⼝⼯程Port Engineering13 安全性safety17⽊结构timber structure18 砌体结构masonry structure19 混凝⼟结构concrete structure20 钢结构steelstructure21 钢-混凝⼟复合结构steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝⼟plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝⼟reinforced concrete24 钢筋rebar25 预应⼒混凝⼟pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构truss structure29 空间⽹架结构spatial grid structure30 近海⼯程offshore engineering31 静⼒学statics32运动学kinematics33 动⼒学dynamics34 简⽀梁simply supported beam35 固定⽀座fixed bearing36弹性⼒学elasticity37 塑性⼒学plasticity38 弹塑性⼒学elaso-plasticity39 断裂⼒学fracture Mechanics40 ⼟⼒学soil mechanics41 ⽔⼒学hydraulics42 流体⼒学fluid mechanics43 固体⼒学solid mechanics44 集中⼒concentrated force45 压⼒pressure46 静⽔压⼒hydrostatic pressure .-47 均布压⼒uniform pressure48 体⼒body force49 重⼒gravity50 线荷载line load51 弯矩bending moment52 torque 扭矩53 应⼒stress54 应变stain55 正应⼒normal stress56 剪应⼒shearing stress57 主应⼒principal stress58 变形deformation59 内⼒internal force60 偏移量挠度deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳buckle63 轴⼒axial force64 允许应⼒allowable stress65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis66 梁beam67 壳shell68 板plate69 桥bridge70 桩pile71 主动⼟压⼒active earth pressure72 被动⼟压⼒passive earth pressure 73 承载⼒load-bearing capacity74 ⽔位water Height75 位移displacement76 结构⼒学structural mechanics77 材料⼒学material mechanics78 经纬仪altometer79 ⽔准仪level80 学科discipline81 ⼦学科sub-discipline82 期刊journal ,periodical83⽂献literature84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷volume87 期number 88 专著monograph89 会议论⽂集Proceeding90 学位论⽂thesis, dissertation91 专利patent92 档案档案室archive93 国际学术会议conference94 导师advisor95 学位论⽂答辩defense of thesis96 博⼠研究⽣doctorate student97 研究⽣postgraduate99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引⽂索引100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论⽂集索引101 题⽬title102 摘要abstract103 全⽂full-text104 参考⽂献reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词Subject107 关键字keyword108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国⼟⽊⼯程师协会109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization111 解析⽅法analytical method112 数值⽅法numerical method113 计算computation114 说明书instruction115 规范Specification, Code第⼆部分：岩⼟⼯程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering岩⼟⼯程2.foundation engineering基础⼯程3.soil, earth⼟ cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics⼟动⼒学6.stress path应⼒路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩⼟⼒学⼆. ⼟的分类 1.residual soil残积⼟ groundwater level地下⽔位 2.groundwater 地下⽔ groundwater table地下⽔位 3.clay minerals粘⼟矿物 4.secondary minerals次⽣矿物/doc/6dd42ba0f4335a8102d276a20029bd64793e6290.html ndslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图 7.engineering geologic investigation⼯程地质勘察 8.boulder漂⽯ 9.cobble卵⽯ 10.gravel砂⽯ 11.gravelly sand砾砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.medium sand中砂 14.fine sand细砂 15.silty sand粉⼟ 16.clayey soil粘性⼟ 17.clay粘⼟ 18.silty clay粉质粘⼟ 19.silt粉⼟ 20.sandy silt砂质粉⼟ 21.clayey silt粘质粉⼟ 22.saturated soil饱和⼟ 23.unsaturated soil⾮饱和⼟24.fill (soil)填⼟ 25.overconsolidated soil超固结⼟ 26.normally consolidated soil正常固结⼟ 27.underconsolidated soil⽋固结⼟ 28.zonal soil区域性⼟ 29.soft clay软粘⼟ 30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀⼟ 31.peat泥炭 32.loess黄⼟ 33.frozen soil冻⼟ 24.degree of saturation饱和度 25.dry unit weight⼲重度26.moist unit weight湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Ge otechnical Engineering 国际⼟⼒学与岩⼟⼯程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流⼟4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流⽹6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压⼒9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透⼒11.hydraulic gradient⽔⼒梯度 12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数五. 地基应⼒和变形1.soft soil软⼟2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打⼊桩（负）摩阻⼒3.effective stress有效应⼒4.total stress总应⼒5.field vane shear strength⼗字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计 10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载⼒ 12.soil mass⼟体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应⼒（压⼒）14.concentrated load集中荷载 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半⽆限弹性体 16.homogeneous均质 17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基 19.square spread footing⽅形独⽴基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（⼟）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载 22.live load活载 23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载 25.reduced load折算荷载 26.settlement沉降 27.deformation变形 28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防） 30.clay fraction粘粒粒组 31.physical properties物理性质 32.subgrade路基 33.well-graded soil级配良好⼟ 34.poorly-graded soil级配不良⼟ 35.normal stresses正应⼒ 36.shear stresses剪应⼒ 37.principal plane主平⾯38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最⼤（中、最⼩）主应⼒ 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件 40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙⽔压⼒43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压⼒44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数/doc/6dd42ba0f4335a8102d276a20029bd64793e6290.html pression index压缩指数 47.swelling index 回弹指数 48.geostatic stress⾃重应⼒ 49.additional stress附加应⼒ 50.total stress总应⼒ 51.final settlement最终沉降 52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降⽔ 1 excavation开挖（挖⽅） 2 dewatering （基坑）降⽔ 3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡⼟墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下⽔位法9 well point system 井点系统（轻型） 10 deep well point深井点 11 vacuum well point真空井点 12 braced cuts⽀撑围护 13 braced excavation⽀撑开挖 14 braced sheeting⽀撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 bored pile钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝⼟桩4)steel pile钢桩 steel pipe pile钢管桩 steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应⼒混凝⼟桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile预应⼒混凝⼟管桩 2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截⽔墙 4.friction pile摩擦桩 5.end-bearing pile端承桩 6.shaft竖井；桩⾝ 7.wave equation analysis波动⽅程分析 8.pile caps承台（桩帽） 9.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载⼒/doc/6dd42ba0f4335a8102d276a20029bd64793e6290.html teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载⼒ 12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验 13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载⼒ 14.low pile cap低桩承台 15.high-rise pile cap⾼桩承台 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载⼒ 17.silent piling静⼒压桩 18.uplift pile抗拔桩 19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩 21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应 23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯⼊度 25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验 27.pile head=butt桩头 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头） 29.pile spacing 桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32.group action群桩作⽤ 33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻 34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩 37.pile pulling test拔桩试验 38.pile shoe桩靴 39.pile noise打桩噪⾳ 40.pile rig打桩机九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory⽐奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结⽐5.overconsolidation soil超固结⼟6.excess pore water pressure超孔压⼒7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation⼀维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度 12.consolidation test固结试验 13.consolidation curve固结曲线 14.time factor Tv时间因⼦15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压⼒17.principle of effective stress有效应⼒原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结⼗. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排⽔抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应⼒法 8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应⼒法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论 10.angle of internal friction内摩擦⾓ 11.cohesion粘聚⼒ 12.failure criterion破坏准则 13.vane strength⼗字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression⽆侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应⼒破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应⼒强度参数⼗⼀. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model⾮线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界⾯模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加⼯软化 10.work hardening加⼯硬化 11.Cambridge model剑桥模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型 13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服⾯15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型 16.elastic modulus弹性模量 17.Winkler foundation model ⽂克尔地基模型⼗⼆. 地基承载⼒--bearing capacity of foundation soil 1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏 2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏 4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载⼒ 8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载⼒⼗三. ⼟压⼒--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动⼟压⼒2.passive earth pressure被动⼟压⼒3.earth pressure at rest静⽌⼟压⼒4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑⼟压⼒理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗⾦⼟压⼒理论⼗四. ⼟坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休⽌⾓2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法⼗五. 挡⼟墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡⼟墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡⼟墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡⼟墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重⼒式挡⼟墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡⼟墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙⼗六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝⼟板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile⽊板桩5.timber piles⽊桩⼗七. 浅基础--shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基础 2.mat(raft) foundation⽚筏基础 3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础 /doc/6dd42ba0f4335a8102d276a20029bd64793e6290.html pensated foundation补偿性基础 6.bearing stratum持⼒层 7.rigid foundation刚性基础 8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度/doc/6dd42ba0f4335a8102d276a20029bd64793e6290.html foundation pressure基底附加应⼒11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作⽤分析⼗⼋. ⼟的动⼒性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping ⼏何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼⽐6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量 9.dynamic ma ⼆⼗. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震⼯程2.soil dynamics⼟动⼒学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期 8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最⼤加速度⼆⼗⼀. 室内⼟⼯实验1.high pressure consolidation test⾼压固结试验 2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 3.falling head permeability变⽔头试验4.constant head permeability常⽔头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排⽔试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排⽔试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排⽔试验(CD)/doc/6dd42ba0f4335a8102d276a20029bd64793e6290.html paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析 13.geotechnical model test⼟⼯模型试验 14.centrifugalmodel test离⼼模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪 16.direct shear test直剪试验 17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验 19.dynamic simple shear动单剪 20.free（resonance）vibration column test⾃(共)振柱试验⼆⼗⼆. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯⼊试验2.surface wave test (SWT)表⾯波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动⼒触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静⼒触探试验5.plate loading test静⼒荷载试验/doc/6dd42ba0f4335a8102d276a20029bd64793e6290.html teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test⼗字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙⽔压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验。
土木工程类英文专业词汇
土木工程类英文专业词汇土木工程是一个涉及土地开发、设计、建造和维护的复杂领域。
在这个领域中，有许多具有专业性、特定含义和用途的英文术语。
掌握这些专业词汇对于在这个领域工作或学习的人来说非常必要。
本文将介绍土木工程常用的英语专业词汇。
1.Civil engineering –土木工程学Civil engineering is a discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the built environment, including buildings, roads, bridges, and other infrastructure.2.Architecture –建筑学Architecture is the art and science of designing and building structures, such as buildings and bridges.3.Planning –规划Planning is the process of making a detailed plan or layout for a project, including determining what resources will be needed to complete the project.4.Surveying –测量Surveying is the process of measuring and mapping the surface of the Earth, including land, water bodies, and buildings.5.Structural engineering –结构工程Structural engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that deals with the design and analysis of structures, such as buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure.6.Geotechnical engineering –岩土工程Geotechnical engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that deals with the study of soil and rock mechanics, and the design and construction of structures that are built on or in the ground.7.Transportation engineering –交通运输工程Transportation engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that dealswith the design and construction of transportation infrastructure, such as roads, highways, and airports.8.Hydrology –水文学Hydrology is the study of water and its movement on the surface of the Earth, including precipitation, streams, rivers, and groundwater.9.Water resources engineering –水资源工程Water resources engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that deals with the study of water resources and the design and construction of structures that manage and distribute water, including dams, reservoirs, and water treatment plants.10.Environmental engineering –环境工程Environmental engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that deals with the study of environmental engineering principles and the design and construction of structures that protect the environment, such as water treatment plants and wastewater treatment plants.11.Construction –建造Construction refers to the process of building structures from design plans and specifications.12.Industrial engineering –工业工程Industrial engineering is a discipline that deals with the optimization of complex processes, systems, and organizations, with the goal of improving efficiency, productivity, and safety.13.Quantity surveying –工程测量Quantity surveying is the process of determining the quantity, cost, and value of materials needed to complete a construction project.14.Building –建筑物Building refers to a structure that is built for a specific purpose, such as a house, office building, or factory.15.Foundation –基础Foundation refers to the part of a structure that is in direct contact with the ground and supports the weight of the structure.16.Reinforcement –钢筋加固Reinforcement refers to the process of adding materials, such as steel bars, to strengthen a structure.17.Retaining wall –挡土墙A retaining wall is a structure that is built to support soil and prevent it from sliding down a slope.18.Roadway –道路A roadway is a paved surface that is designed for vehicles and pedestrians to travel on.19.Bridge –桥梁A bridge is a structure that is built to span a physical obstacle, such as a river or gorge, and provide a safe means of transportation.20.Culvert –排水管A culvert is a structure that is built to allow water to pass under a roadway or other structure.21.Dam –水坝A dam is a structure that is built to control the flow of water and to provide water for human consumption, irrigation, and hydroelectric power.22.Pile –桩A pile is a foundation support structure that is driven into the ground to supporta structure.23.Slab –地板A slab is a flat, horizontal surface that is used as a flooring material or to supporta structure.24.Tunnel –隧道A tunnel is an underground structure that is built for transportation, utilities, or other purposes.25.Asphalt –沥青Asphalt is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid that is used as a binder for paving materials.以上就是土木工程类英文专业词汇的介绍，这些专业词汇对于在土木工程领域中工作或学习的人来说都是非常重要的。
为一名土木工程师做准备英语作文
为一名土木工程师做准备英语作文英文回答：To excel as a civil engineer, one must possess a strong foundation in both technical expertise and soft skills.Technical Expertise:Engineering Mechanics: A thorough understanding of how forces and materials interact is crucial for designing and analyzing structures.Structural Analysis: Proficiency in analyzing the behavior of structures under various loads and conditions ensures their stability and safety.Materials Science: Knowledge of different materials, their properties, and their suitability for specific applications is essential for material selection and design.Geotechnical Engineering: An understanding of soil mechanics and foundation design enables engineers to build on and interact with the ground effectively.Sustainable Engineering: Knowledge of environmentally friendly practices and technologies helps engineers design sustainable structures with minimal environmental impact.Soft Skills:Communication: Effective communication is essentialfor conveying technical information clearly to clients, contractors, and colleagues.Problem-Solving: Civil engineers often encounter complex problems. Strong problem-solving skills enable them to identify and develop innovative solutions.Teamwork: The ability to collaborate effectivelywithin teams is crucial, as civil engineering projects typically involve multiple disciplines.Attention to Detail: Meticulous attention to detail is paramount in ensuring the accuracy and safety of engineering designs.Professional Ethics: Adherence to ethical principles and professional standards is essential for maintaining integrity and public trust.Continuing Education:Continuous professional development is vital for staying abreast of advancements in the field. Engaging in workshops, conferences, and online courses ensures that engineers remain proficient and up-to-date.中文回答：成为一名出色的土木工程师所需具备的条件和技能。
为成为一名土木工程师做准备英语作文
为成为一名土木工程师做准备英语作文Preparing to Become a Civil Engineer。
To become a successful civil engineer, one must possess a combination of technical skills, problem-solving abilities, and a strong educational background. Civil engineers play a crucial role in designing, constructing, and maintaining infrastructure such as roads, bridges, buildings, and water systems. In order to excel in this field, one must be prepared to undertake a rigorous academic and practical training.The first step in preparing to become a civil engineer is to obtain a solid education in the field. This typically involves earning a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from an accredited university. During their studies, aspiring civil engineers will learn about structural analysis, fluid mechanics, geotechnical engineering, and other important topics. It is important to pay close attention to these courses and strive for excellence in order to build a strong foundation of knowledge.In addition to formal education, practical experience is essential for aspiring civil engineers. Many universities offer internships or co-op programs that allow students to gain hands-on experience in the field. Working under the guidance of experienced engineers, students can apply their classroom knowledge to real-world projects and develop valuable skills. This practical experience is invaluable in preparing for a career in civil engineering.Another important aspect of preparing to become a civil engineer is obtaining professional licensure. In most countries, civil engineers are required to pass a licensure exam in order to practice. This exam tests the engineer's knowledge of engineering principles and their ability to apply them to real-world situations. By studying diligently and gaining practical experience, aspiring civil engineers can increase their chances of passing the licensure exam and becoming a licensed professional.In addition to technical skills and knowledge, successful civil engineers must also possess strong problem-solving abilities. Civil engineering projects often presentcomplex challenges that require creative solutions. By developing critical thinking skills and the ability to think analytically, aspiring civil engineers can effectively tackle these challenges and deliver successful projects.Furthermore, effective communication skills are essential for civil engineers. Engineers must be able to communicate clearly and effectively with clients, colleagues, and other stakeholders in order to ensure that projects are completed on time and within budget. By honing their communication skills through practice and experience, aspiring civil engineers can become effective communicators and leaders in their field.In conclusion, preparing to become a civil engineer requires a combination of technical knowledge, practical experience, problem-solving abilities, and effective communication skills. By pursuing a strong education, gaining practical experience, obtaining professional licensure, and developing critical thinking and communication skills, aspiring civil engineers can position themselves for a successful career in this dynamic and rewarding field.。
关于土木工程专业的英文作文开头
关于土木工程专业的英文作文开头Civil engineering is a discipline that has shaped the world as we know it. From the towering skyscrapers that define our cityscapes to the bridges that connect distant lands, civil engineers have been the architects of our built environment. This field of engineering is not just about concrete and steel; it's about the ingenuity and determination to solve complex problems and create structures that stand the test of time.The journey of a civil engineer begins with a deep understanding of the fundamentals: materials science, structural analysis, and geotechnical engineering, to name a few. These core subjects form the bedrock upon which all civil engineering projects are built. As students delve into these topics, they learn not just the theory but also the practical applications that will serve them in their future careers.One of the most critical aspects of civil engineering is the design process. It's a meticulous procedure that requires precision and creativity. Engineers must consider a multitude of factors: the potential loads a structure will bear, the properties of materials used, and the environmental impact of the construction. The design phase is where the vision of a project starts to take shape, guided by mathematical principles and innovative thinking.In the field, civil engineers face a variety of challenges. They must navigate the complexities of construction management, ensuring that projects are completed on time and within budget. Safety is paramount, and engineers are tasked with creating designs that not only meet aesthetic and functional requirements but also adhere to strict safety standards.Sustainability is another cornerstone of modern civil engineering. As the world becomes increasingly aware of the importance of environmental conservation, civil engineers are at the forefront of developing green technologies and sustainable practices. They play a pivotal role in creating infrastructure that minimizes energy consumption and reduces waste, all while maintaining durability and longevity.The impact of civil engineering can be seen in the infrastructure that supports our daily lives. Roads, tunnels, water supply systems, and waste management facilities are all products of civil engineering expertise. These structures are vital to the functioning of society, and their maintenance and improvement require continuous innovation and dedication.Civil engineering is also about collaboration. Projects often involve a diverse team of professionals, including architects, urban planners, and environmental scientists. Effective communication and teamwork are essential to bring complex projects to fruition. Each member brings a unique perspective and set of skills to the table, and it's the integration of these that leads to successful outcomes.As technology advances, civil engineering continues to evolve. The advent of computer-aided design (CAD) and building information modeling (BIM) has revolutionized the way engineers work. These tools allow for more precise designs and the ability to simulate and analyze various aspects of a project before the first shovel hits the ground.The future of civil engineering is bright, with new materials and technologies paving the way for even more ambitious projects. Smart materials that can adapt to changing conditions, advanced construction techniques that allow for faster and safer building processes, and the integration of renewable energy sources are just a few of the innovations shaping the future of the field.In conclusion, civil engineering is a profession that demands a blend of technical knowledge, creativity, and a passion for problem-solving. It's a career that offers the opportunity to leave a lasting legacy, to contribute to the development of society, and to be part of a profession that is constantly pushing the boundaries of what is possible. As we look to the future, civil engineers will undoubtedly continue to be the builders of dreams, the guardians of public safety, and the stewards of our planet. 。
土木工程项目管理的英文
Civil engineering projects are complex and multifaceted endeavors that require careful planning, coordination, and execution to ensure successful completion. Effective project management is crucial in achieving the project's objectives, maintaining quality standards, and controlling costs. This article discusses the key aspects of civil engineering project management.1. Project PlanningThe first step in civil engineering project management is to plan the project. This involves defining the project's scope, objectives, deliverables, and constraints. A detailed project plan should be developed, including the project schedule, budget, and resources required. The plan should also outline the project's milestones and key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure progress.2. Team ManagementA civil engineering project requires a diverse team of professionals, including engineers, architects, contractors, and subcontractors. Effective team management is essential to ensure that all team members are aligned with the project's objectives and working together towards a common goal. This involves assigning roles and responsibilities, facilitating communication, and resolving conflicts.3. Risk ManagementRisk management is a critical aspect of civil engineering project management. Identifying potential risks and developing strategies to mitigate them is essential to prevent project delays and cost overruns. This involves conducting risk assessments, creating risk response plans, and monitoring risks throughout the project lifecycle.4. Quality ControlMaintaining quality standards is crucial in civil engineering projects. Quality control processes should be implemented to ensure that all project deliverables meet the required specifications. This includesinspecting work progress, conducting quality audits, and implementing corrective actions when necessary.5. Cost ManagementControlling costs is another important aspect of civil engineering project management. A budget should be prepared to estimate theproject's costs, and measures should be implemented to monitor and control costs throughout the project lifecycle. This involves tracking expenses, identifying cost-saving opportunities, and managing change orders.6. Communication ManagementEffective communication is essential for the success of a civil engineering project. Communication management involves establishing clear lines of communication among all project stakeholders, including clients, contractors, and subcontractors. Regular meetings, progress reports, and status updates should be provided to ensure that everyoneis informed and aligned with the project's objectives.7. Contract ManagementContract management is a critical aspect of civil engineering project management. Contracts should be carefully reviewed and managed to ensure that all parties' rights and obligations are clearly defined. This involves managing contract changes, handling disputes, and ensuring compliance with contractual terms.8. Project ClosureProject closure is the final phase of civil engineering project management. This involves reviewing the project's performance against the established objectives, documenting lessons learned, and transitioning the project to operations or maintenance. A formal project handover should be conducted to ensure that the client is satisfied with the project's outcome.In conclusion, effective civil engineering project management is essential for achieving project objectives, maintaining qualitystandards, and controlling costs. By focusing on planning, team management, risk management, quality control, cost management, communication management, contract management, and project closure, project managers can ensure the successful completion of civil engineering projects.。
土木工程专业英语常用词汇
土木工程专业英语常用词汇Commonly Used Civil Engineering English Vocabulary.General Terms.Civil engineering: the discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of man-made structures.Infrastructure: the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, bridges) that are needed for the operation of a society.Sustainable development: the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.Project management: the process of planning, organizing, and managing resources to achieve a specific goal.Risk assessment: the process of identifying and evaluating potential risks and their impact on a project.Geotechnical engineering: the study of the behavior of soil and rock and their interaction with man-made structures.Structural engineering: the study of the behavior of man-made structures under various loads.Transportation engineering: the study of the design, construction, and maintenance of transportation systems.Water resources engineering: the study of the design, construction, and management of water resources systems.Environmental engineering: the study of the design, construction, and management of systems to protect the environment.Materials.Concrete: a composite material composed of cement, sand, gravel, and water.Steel: a metal alloy composed primarily of iron.Timber: wood that is used for construction purposes.Masonry: a material composed of stone, brick, or concrete blocks that are bound together with mortar.Asphalt: a black, viscous material that is used for paving roads.Construction.Excavation: the process of removing soil or rock from a site.Foundation: the part of a structure that is below ground level and supports the rest of the structure.Framing: the skeleton of a structure that supports the walls, roof, and other elements.Roofing: the material that covers the roof of a structure.Finishing: the materials and processes used to complete the interior and exterior of a structure.Site work: the work that is done on a site before and after construction.Equipment.Bulldozer: a heavy-duty machine that is used for moving soil or rock.Excavator: a machine that is used for digging trenches and holes.Crane: a machine that is used for lifting heavy objects.Dump truck: a truck that is used for hauling soil, rock, and other materials.Concrete mixer: a machine that is used for mixing concrete.Design.Blueprint: a drawing that shows the plans for a structure.Model: a physical or mathematical representation of a structure.Simulation: a computer program that is used to simulate the behavior of a structure.Code: a set of rules and regulations that govern the design and construction of structures.Standards: a set of guidelines that are used to ensurethe quality of construction.Related Fields.Architecture: the art and science of designing and constructing buildings.Surveying: the science of measuring and mapping land and its features.Planning: the process of developing plans for the use of land and resources.Environmental science: the study of the environment and its interactions with human activity.Engineering management: the application of management principles to the field of engineering.。
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• • • • Drawing organization right click plotting Transmittal sets Archiving
Standards compliance Everyone stays in sync with the project New DST file format
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Startup switches
Target - "C:\Program Files\AutoCAD 2005\acad.exe“ /b /t /p /v /nologo /layout /nossm /set run a specific script file template file profile view name starts AutoCAD without logo screen displays a specific layout in a specified drawing file turns off the Sheet Set Manager displays a specific sheet set
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Keys, Keys, Keys
Clean Screen (Control+0) Double click on the toolbar handles to float Control+R to cycle through all of your viewports Control+A to select all the objects in your drawing Control to cycle through objects Tab to cycle through object snaps Navigate through layouts with Control+PageUp and Control+PageDown Hold down right mouse button to clear grips Shift for more than one hot grip Shift to remember distances and angles in gripmode
Revcloud – new Calligraphy Option
Delete Named Layer Filters Right Click Customization Trim/Extend Shortcut (enter to select cutting edges/boundaries) ‘CAL – Geometric Calculator
For more info: look up “Customize Startup” in help file or visit
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Easter Egg
Shift+Ctrl+pick
Arrow up and down through commands
Control+Tab to cycle through open drawings
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Everyday Timesavers
New OSNAP (keyboard modifier) – Midpoint between two points (M2P/MTP) Zoom to Object(s) Maximize Viewport
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Awesome Express Tools
• • • • • • • • • • Reset Dim Text Value SuperHatch Layer Walk Burst Make Linetype Edittime Flatten Overkill (Deletes Duplicate Objects) Layer Delete and Layer Merge Change Space/Align Space
Lynn Allen
AutoCAD Tips & Tricks for Civil Engineers
Байду номын сангаас
Cadalyst columnist & Autodesk Technical Evangelist
The New Sheet Set Manager (SSM) organizes for You!
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Secret System Variables
SYSVDLG – friendly dialog box for your system variables MAXSORT – maximum number of named objects AutoCAD will sort MTJIGSTRING – MTEXT sample string MBUTTONPAN – Third button accesses OSNAP menu OSNAPHATCH – controls OSNAPS with hatch patterns PEDITACCEPT – turns off extra prompt in PEDIT PLINEGEN – Tells Linetypes to traverse across vertices TASKBAR – Open drawings appear on the taskbar UCSFOLLOW – tells the UCS icon to change to the plan view whenever the UCS is modified XREFTYPE – set attachment or overlay as default
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MTEXT Tips
Supports a background mask
New Symbols Click outside of dialog box to exit command quickly MTJIGSTRING System Variable TEXTTOFRONT command
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AutoCAD 2005
lynn.allen@ /lynnallen
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Embed Drawings into PPT!
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Powerpoint Steps:
Insert Object Right Click on Control Icon • DWF Viewer Control =>Properties Select the DWF
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Bhatch Tips
With Bhatch, you can:
• Assign draworder to hatch objects • Hatch an area with a boundary gap • Trim a hatch to a new boundary