初二期末测试下1
八年级生物下学期期末测试题 (1)
期末测试题(满分:100分时间:60分钟)一、选择题(20×2分=40分)1.洛阳农科院培育出了地下结土豆,地上结不同颜色番茄的作物新品种。
提高了产量效率和观赏性。
其培育方式是(C) A.有性生殖B.组织培养C.嫁接D.扦插2.下列有关生物生殖发育的描述中错误的是(A)A.卵细胞在输卵管内受精,到达子宫后,才开始进行细胞分裂B.嫁接和扦插能保持亲本植物的性状C.蚊、果蝇、蜜蜂、蝴蝶等进行完全变态发育D.真菌一般是通过孢子繁殖后代的3.下列生殖方式中,属于有性生殖的是(D)A.椒草的叶长出新植株B.草履虫通过分裂产生新个体C.代孕母羊产下克隆羊多莉D.马铃薯的种子发育成新植株4.关于生物的生死和发育的说法中,不准确的是(B)A.植物的扦插、嫁接都属于无性繁殖B.昆虫的发育过程都要经过卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫四个阶段C.两栖动物的生殖和幼体发育必须在水中进行D.兔的繁殖和哺育后代的方式与人类相似,具有胎生和哺乳的特征5.(2015·滨州)下列关于生物现象或知识解释不正确的是(A)A.冷藏食物不易变质是由于低温杀死了细菌等微生物B.病毒离开活细胞不能独立生活C.抗虫棉的培育应用了转基因技术D.包装袋上印有“OTC”字样的药属于非处方药6.学习了“遗传的物质基础"后,小路同学找来一根白色长绳,在长绳上用红、橙、黄、绿等颜色涂出了长短不一的区段,之后,把长绳处理成短棒状.在小路的动手活动中,长绳、各色区段、短棒分别代表的是(B)A.DNA、染色体、基因B.DNA、基因、染色体C.基因、DNA、染色体D.染色体、DNA、基因7.大拇指能否向背侧弯曲是一对相对性状,控制不弯曲的基因(F)是显性基因,控制弯曲的基因(f)是隐性基因,如果父亲的基因组成为ff,母亲的基因组成为FF,则他们的子女(B)A.一半大拇指不弯曲,一半大拇指弯曲B.大拇指都不会弯曲C.男孩大拇指弯曲,女孩大拇指不弯曲D.大拇指都会弯曲8.生男生女的机会均等,其原因是(A)A.含X染色体和含Y染色体的两种精子与卵细胞结合的机会均等B.含X染色体和含Y染色体的两种卵细胞与精子结合的机会均等C.精子有一种类型,而卵细胞有两种类型D.雄性激素和雌性激素的作用机会均等9.下列对正常人的体细胞中染色体的叙述,正确的是(A)A.含有常染色体和性染色体两类,常染色体与性别决定无关,性染色体与性别决定有关B.含有X染色体和Y染色体两类,X染色体决定性别C.23对染色体,每对染色体都与性别决定有关D.23对染色体,每对染色体都与性别决定无关10.袁隆平教授利用普通水稻与一种野生水稻培育出高产优质的水稻新品种,他这种育种方法属于(C)A.人工选择育种B.诱导基因突变C.杂交育种D.诱导染色体变异11.关于生命起源和生物进化的下列叙述中,错误的是(D)A.原始大气成分中不含氧气B.原始生命诞生于原始海洋C.化石是研究生物进化的最直接证据D.生物进化的方向与环境变化无关12.下图是未被破坏的地层示意图,图中表示两个地层中曾发掘出物种A和物种B(均为该地层中掘出的最高等的生物)的化石。
初二下册期末考试卷
初二下册期末考试卷一、选择题1. 下列哪个城市是中国的首都?A. 上海B. 广州C. 北京D. 香港答案:C. 北京2. 太阳是在白天出来,还是在黑夜?A. 白天B. 黑夜答案:A. 白天3. 以下哪个是地球上最高的山峰?A. 珠穆朗玛峰B. 埃菲尔铁塔C. 泰山D. 长城答案:A. 珠穆朗玛峰4. 以下哪个是世界上最长的河流?A. 长江B. 尼罗河C. 雅鲁藏布江D. 澳洲河答案:B. 尼罗河5. 以下哪个是我国最大的淡水湖?A. 青海湖B. 洞庭湖C. 太湖D. 鄱阳湖答案:A. 青海湖二、填空题6. 5+7-3=?答案:97. 中国的首都是______________。
答案:北京8. 圆周率π的近似值是_______________。
答案:3.149. 太阳系中最大的行星是______________。
答案:木星10. 《三国演义》是中国古代哪位作家写的?答案:罗贯中三、解答题11. 请用自己的语言简述水的循环过程。
答案:水的循环是指地球上水源的循环过程。
首先,太阳能使地球水面的水蒸气升华,形成云层。
之后,云层聚集成云团,降下雨水或雪。
雨水渗入地下,形成地下水或地下蓄水层。
地下水又会通过井泉、河流等方式重新回到地表,进入海洋。
海洋中的水会被太阳能再次蒸发,形成云层,循环往复。
12. 请用简单的语言解释为什么太阳是地球上最重要的能源。
答案:太阳是地球上最重要的能源,因为太阳能支撑了地球上的生态系统。
太阳能提供了光和热,使植物进行光合作用,为动物提供食物。
太阳能还驱动了水循环,维持了地球上的降水和气候,保证了地球上的生物得以生存。
没有太阳能,地球上就没有生命存在的可能。
初中道德与法治八年级下册同步测试:期末测评(一)(同步习题)【含答案及解析】
期末测评(一)(时间:60分钟满分:100分)一、请你选择(下列各题的4个选项中只有1项是符合题意的。
每小题3分,共30分)1.将人权理想变成现实,从国家的角度看,需要()①加强法治宣传教育②弘扬社会主义法治精神③建设社会主义法治文化④增强全民法治观念,形成全民守法的氛围和习惯A.①②③B.①②③④C.②③④D.①②④2.《环境保护公民参与办法》规定,公民、法人和其他组织发现地方各级人民政府、县级以上环境保护主管部门不依法履行职责的,有权向其上级机关或者监察机关举报。
“向其上级机关或者监察机关举报”时,要()①以事实为依据,据实反映情况②出示各种证据,不得诬告陷害③采取合法方式,遵守法定程序④通过参与聚众闹事,谋求社会关注A.①②③B.①②④C.①③④D.②③④3.网络社交平台上流传着这样一种呼吁:当你在路上遇到军列、军车后不要拍照或者录制视频上传互联网,你的无意很可能会泄露国家的军事秘密……这一呼吁告诉我们()①必须自觉履行公民的基本义务②维护生活秩序是我们的共同责任③要坚持公民权利与义务的统一④树立宪法观念,增强隐私意识A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④4.右面漫画中,要给权力喷上一层防腐剂,必须()①坚持用制度管权、管事、管人②切实保障人民的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权③削弱政府的行政权力④加强监督,让权力在阳光下运行A.①②③B.②③④C.①②④D.①②③④5.因怀疑某村村民张某偷电,电管站工作人员在未经张某许可的情况下进入其住宅收集证据。
为此,张某向法院提起诉讼。
下列说法正确的是()A.张某违法在先,所以他没有权利起诉B.电管站应要求公安机关配合,依照法定程序收集证据C.张某违法了,其权利不再受法律保护D.电管站工作人员的做法值得提倡,是打击犯罪的有效手段6.我国实施了一系列司法改革:实施登记立案制,有案必立;实施司法责任制,法官、检察官对承办案件终身负责;立法保障律师的诉讼权;制定政策防止领导干部插手干预司法案件。
人教版初中英语八年级下学期期末测试卷一
人教版初中英语八年级下学期期末测试卷一一. 单项填空。
1. Jane is16-year-old high school student in United States.A. a, theB. the, aC. a, /D. an, the 2. —I think —I agree dragons are the of China. with you.Do you think so? A. situation B. symbol C. promise D. shape3. —Are all the students from in your class? —No, there are only 3 in our class. The others are from other countries.A. Germany, GermenB. Germany, GermansC. German, GermansD. German, Germany4. My time in the middle school was one of periods of my life.A. excitingB. more excitingC. the more excitingD. the most exciting 5. Bob is always polite to everyone, and he islovelyall of us like him very much.A. too, toB. neither, norC. so, thatD. such, that 6. —What would you like, tea or coffee?— , thanks. I just prefer a glass of water. A. Both B. Neither C. Either D. So7. Come on, baby. We have already done of the work. A. two three B. two third C. two thirds D. second three8. —My cousin has a sore throat.—She’d better .A. drink water with honeyB. see a dentistC. take a showerD. get an X-ray9.—Come here, I’ll tell you about your study.—OK, we’re coming.A. anything importantB. something importantC. important anythingD. important something10.The less junk food you eat, you will be.A. the healthierB. healthierC. more healthyD. less healthy11.Mr. Brown his hometown since he the army.A. has left, joinedB. has been away from, has joinedC. has been away from, joinedD. left, joined12.Qomolangma is about 8, 844 meters high. It ismountain in the world.A. highestB. the highestC. higherD. the higher13.—my surprise, Jin Ming was chosen into our school football team.—Congratulations. He did well playing football when he was very young. I hope he’ll be the best player in our school.A. To, ofB. At, atC. To, inD. In, about14.—Mom, can I do much work in a short time?—Dear, I think you can.A. so, soB. such, soC. so, suchD. such, such15.—At what age did you leave home?—I left home at 18, Neil. I your city for fiveyears.A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have come to二. 完形填空。
初二期末考试题及答案下册
初二期末考试题及答案下册一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 根据题目所给的方程 \( ax^2 + bx + c = 0 \),如果 \( a \)、\( b \)、\( c \) 是连续的自然数,且方程有两个相等的实根,那么\( a \) 的值为多少?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4答案:B2. 下列哪个选项是正确的化学方程式?A. \( 2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O \)B. \( 2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow H_2O_2 \)C. \( 2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow H_2O + O \)D. \( 2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2HO \)答案:A3. 根据题目所给的物理现象,下列哪个选项是正确的?A. 物体的加速度与作用力成正比,与质量成反比。
B. 物体的加速度与作用力成反比,与质量成正比。
C. 物体的加速度与作用力无关,与质量无关。
D. 物体的加速度与作用力无关,与质量成反比。
答案:A二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. 圆的面积公式是 \( \pi r^2 \),其中 \( r \) 表示______。
答案:半径2. 根据题目所给的化学反应,生成物的化学式为 \( Fe_2O_3 \),那么反应物中的铁元素的化合价是______。
答案:+33. 在物理学中,物体的惯性大小与物体的质量有关,质量越大,物体的______越大。
答案:惯性三、简答题(每题10分,共30分)1. 请简述牛顿第二定律的内容及其意义。
答案:牛顿第二定律指出,物体所受的合外力等于物体质量与加速度的乘积,即 \( F = ma \)。
这一定律揭示了力与运动之间的定量关系,是经典力学的基础之一。
2. 请解释什么是光的折射现象,并给出一个生活中的例子。
答案:光的折射是指光在不同介质之间传播时,由于光速的变化导致光线方向的改变。
例如,当我们把一根棍子插入水中,棍子在水中的部分看起来像是弯曲的,这就是因为光从水到空气时发生了折射。
人教版八年级下学期期末考试数学试卷及答案(共四套)
人教版八年级下学期期末考试数学试卷及答案(共四套)人教版八年级下学期期末考试数学试卷(一)一、选择题1.下列各式中,化简后能与2合并的是A。
12B。
8C。
$\frac{2}{3}$D。
$\frac{2}{5}$2.以下以各组数为边长,不能构成直角三角形的是A。
5,12,13B。
1,2,5C。
1,3,2D。
4,5,63.用配方法解方程$x^2-4x-1=0$,方程应变形为A。
$(x+2)^2=3$B。
$(x+2)^2=5$C。
$(x-2)^2=3$D。
$(x-2)^2=5$4.如图,两把完全一样的直尺叠放在一起,重合的部分构成一个四边形,这个四边形一定是A。
矩形B。
菱形C。
正方形D。
无法判断5.下列函数的图象不经过第一象限,且y随x的增大而减小的是A。
$y=-x$B。
$y=x+1$C。
$y=-2x+1$D。
$y=x-1$6.下表是两名运动员10次比赛的成绩,$s_1^2$,$s_2^2$ 分别表示甲、乙两名运动员测试成绩的方差,则有成绩。
|。
8分。
|。
9分。
|。
10分。
|甲(频数)|。
4.|。
2.|。
3.|乙(频数)|。
3.|。
2.|。
5.|A。
$s_1^2>s_2^2$B。
$s_1^2=s_2^2$C。
$s_1^2<s_2^2$D。
无法确定7.若$a,b,c$满足$\begin{cases}a+b+c=0,\\\ a-b+c=0,\end{cases}$则关于$x$的方程$ax^2+bx+c=0(a\neq 0)$的解是A。
1,0B。
-1,1C。
1,-1D。
无实数根8.如图,在△ABC中,$AB=AC$,$MN$是边$BC$上一条运动的线段(点$M$不与点$B$重合,点$N$不与点$C$重合),且$MN=\frac{1}{2}BC$,$MD\perp BC$交$AB$于点$D$,$NE\perp BC$交$AC$于点$E$,$BM=NC=x$,$\triangle BMD$和$\triangle CNE$的面积之和为$y$,则下列图象中,能表示$y$与$x$的函数关系的图象大致是A。
八年级下学期期末考试试卷【含答案】
八年级下学期期末考试试卷【含答案】专业课原理概述部分一、选择题(每题1分,共5分)1. 下列哪种现象属于光的折射?A. 镜子中的倒影B. 放大镜中的图像C. 彩虹D. 太阳光直射2. 在下列哪种情况下,物体会处于静止状态?A. 物体受到平衡力B. 物体受到非平衡力C. 物体在水平面上运动D. 物体在斜面上运动3. 下列哪种能源属于可再生能源?A. 石油B. 煤炭C. 太阳能D. 天然气4. 下列哪种物质在常温下是固体?A. 水银B. 酒精C. 铁D. 氢气5. 下列哪种现象属于化学反应?A. 烧水B. 切割金属C. 燃烧木材D. 溶解食盐二、判断题(每题1分,共5分)1. 地球围绕太阳公转的周期是一年。
()2. 植物通过呼吸作用释放氧气。
()3. 光在真空中的传播速度是最快的。
()4. 动能和势能统称为机械能。
()5. 溶液是由溶剂和溶质组成的混合物。
()三、填空题(每题1分,共5分)1. 光的反射定律可以用“入射角等于______角”来描述。
2. 动物细胞和植物细胞都包含细胞膜、细胞质和______。
3. 地球上最大的生态系统是______。
4. 在电路中,电阻的单位是______。
5. 声音是由物体的______产生的。
四、简答题(每题2分,共10分)1. 简述牛顿第一定律的内容。
2. 描述植物的光合作用过程。
3. 解释光的折射现象。
4. 什么是生态系统?举例说明。
5. 简述能量守恒定律。
五、应用题(每题2分,共10分)1. 一个物体从高处自由落下,不考虑空气阻力,求物体落地时的速度。
2. 一个电路由一个电源和两个电阻组成,求电路的总电阻。
3. 一个物体在水平面上受到一个恒定的力,求物体的加速度。
4. 一个物体在斜面上滑动,求物体的滑动摩擦力。
5. 一个物体在水平面上做匀速直线运动,求物体的动能。
六、分析题(每题5分,共10分)1. 分析物体在水平面上受到一个恒定的力时,物体的运动状态。
2. 分析植物的光合作用和呼吸作用的关系。
最新人教版八年级下册期末模拟检测卷(含答案,可直接打印)(一)
最新人教版八年级下册期末模拟检测卷时间:120分钟满分:120分一、听力测试。
(本大题共20小题,每题1分,共20分。
)第一节:听句子,选择与其意思相符的图片.每个句子读两遍.(每小题1分,计5分)()1. A. B. C.()2. A. B. C.()3. A. B. C.()4. A. B. C.()5. A. B. C.第二节:听短对话,选择正确的答案.每段对话读两遍.(每小题1分,计5分)()6. How much food does the elephant eat a day?A. 150 kilosB. 120 kilosC. 250 kilos()7. How many times did Scott help his parents do housework last week?A. OnceB. TwiceC. Three times()8. What has rick done?A. Play computer games.B. Clean the table.C. Buy some sugar.()9. Which book does Tony like reading?A. Alice in wonderlandB. Hansel and GretelC. Harry Potter()10. What's the relationship between Susan and Robert?A. ClassmatesB. Mother and sonC. Sister and brother第三节:听长对话,选择正确的答案.每段对话读两遍.(每小题1分,计5分)听第一段对话,回答第11-12小题()11. What were Mary doing when the light went out?A. Doing her homework.B. Washing her clothesC. Looking after her grandma()12. Where did Mary’s parents go last night?A. To the supermarket.B. To Mary's grandma's house.C. To the hospital.听第二段对话,回答第13-15小题()13. Where did Sally give the English speech?A. In the classroomB. On the playground.C. In the hall.()14. How did Sally feel when she gave the speech at first?A. A little nervousB. Very upset.C. A little excited()15. What was Sally’s speech about?A. How to learn English wellB. How to save the endangered animalsC. How to get on well with others第四节:听独白,选择正确的答案.每段对话读两遍.(每小题1分,计5分)()16. What was Vince's father doing at 7:40 yesterday evening?A. doing the dishesB. Sweeping the floor.C. Cleaning the table.()17. When did Mr. Steen fall ill?A. At about 7:20 p. m.B. At about 7:30 p. m.C. At about 7:40 p. m()18. Where was Mr. Steen lying when Vince and his father got to his home? A. On the sofa B. On the bed C. On the floor()19. How did Vince and his father send Mr. Steen to the hospital?A. by taxiB. by busC. by car()20. How long did Vince and his father stay in the hospital?A. For about one hourB. For about two hoursC. For about three hours二、单项选择(共15小题,每小题1分,计15分)()21.The Nile is the longest river in _______ world.A. aB. anC. anD. /()22. —I haven’t fi nished the book report yet.— Oh, you should hurry up. The report is due _______ two weeks.A. inB. onC. atD. with()23. Hard work leads to _______. If you want to achieve something, you must work hard.A. troubleB. satisfactionC. pressureD. success()24. — _______ I see Bob, he is always listening to music.— Yeah, he is crazy about it.A. WheneverB. SinceC. AlthoughD. If()25. Susan isn’t _______ girl in our class. Cathy is even _______ than her.A. taller; tallerB. the tallest; tallerC. taller; the tallestD. the tallest; the tallest()26.— Would you please _______ yourself to us?— OK. My name is Max and I'm from America.A. introduceB. followC. enjoyD. improve()27.— What do you think of your hometown Hainan, Liu Tao?—Very beautiful, _______ in summer. Lots of visitors come and go swimming in the sea every year.A. especiallyB. quicklyC. generallyD. probably()28. — I fear that I won't be able to find _______ to eat when I travel.—Don’t worry! In Singapore, you can find a lot of food from China.A. something goodB. somewhere goodC. anything goodD. anybody good()29. It's unbelievable that technology has progressed in _______ rapid way.A. such aB. suchC. so aD. so()30. — _______ you _______ writing the e-mail yet?— No, I haven't. But I will do it later.A. Have; finishedB. Did; finishC. Will; finishD. Do; finish()31. I am interested in history. _______ of the books in my bookcase _______ about history.A. Three fifths; areB. Three fifth; areC. Three fives; isD. Three fives; are()32. The little boy _______ a big drum in the yard when his mother ____ in.A. beat; was comingB. was beating; cameC. beat; cameD. is beating; is coming()33. — Do your parents always go to work at seven?— Yes. They _______ up early on weekdays.A. are used to getB. used to get areC. used to gettingD. used to getting()34. — Where's your grandma, David?—She’s in the living ro om. My brother is teaching her how to _______ WeChat red envelopes.A. fix upB. try outC. cut offD. give out()35.— You look tired, _______, Molly?— I stayed up late yesterday.A. How do you like itB. What's the matter with youC. How is your journeyD. What can I do for you三、完形填空(共10小题,每小题1分,计10分)(★★☆☆☆)Almost every player wants to win in a game. But in an important bike riding race, a biker did 36 different. That was a bike riding race in Spain. A biker named Ismael Esteban was riding to the finishing line when his bicycle was 37 . It was a great chance for another biker, Agustin Navarro, who was following him. He just needed to ride a little 38 and he would certainly go past Esteban and win the first prize. However, what happened next 39 everyone! Esteban didn’t give up but ran along the road with his 40 on his shoulders. At the same time, Navarro 41 to ride past Esteban. He slowed down and followed him.When other bikers in the race saw this, they kept 42 for the two bikers while they were making their way to the finishing line. Someone took a video of his 43 and put it online. So far, it has been shared thousands of times around the world.After the race, Navarro told a newspaper, " I don't want to 44 like at It's unfair. So I chose to follow Esteban 45 he was walking. "What was moreamazing, he refused again when Esteban planned to give the medal to him after the race.()36. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing ()37. A. broken B. old C. special D. cheap()38. A. worse B. Slower C. faster D. better()39. A. marked B. surprised C. counted D. feared()40. A. car B. hat C. video D. bike()41. A. wanted B. refuse C. started D. decided ()42. A. cheering B. thanking C. looking D. fighting ()43. A. bike B. line C. prize D. race()44. A. build B. lose C. win D. make()45. A. while B. unless C. before D. until四、阅读理解(共15小题,每小题2分,计30分)第一节:根据短文内容,选择最佳答案.A(★★☆☆☆)My name is Sam I joined a club called "passing help" last month. Now let me tell you why I joined it.One evening this May, on my way home my old car broke down. It was 25 miles from my home. I wanted to get a ride, but there was no car. I also wanted to take a taxi, but it was hard to take a taxi. I decided to take a bus home. I went to a bus stop nearby.After a while, a bus came, but it did not go to my town. The bus driver was a young woman. She was kind and she told me which bus I should take I waited there for about thirty minutes, but no bus came. At last a car came to me and a woman came out of the car. She was just the bus driver. "When I reached the bus station, I got to know that the bus to your town couldn't come, so I returned here. I just can't leave you here, "she said. "Get in my car and I will take you back to your home.” “ It is a long way,” I said.“ Come on, sir,” she said. “Let's go.”On the way she told me a story. A few days ago, there wasn't gas(汽油)in her car. An old man drove her up to a gas station and then back to her car.When we got to my home, I wanted to give her some money to thank her, but she didn’t accept. "I only want to help others and do something nice for somebody. Pass it along, "she said.()46. What happened to Sam one evening this May?A. He lost his way.B. His car broke down.C. He was hurt in an accident.D. He couldn’t reach the gas station.()47. Sam didn't think of going home _______ that eveningA. by trainB. by busC. by carD. by taxi()48. From the passage, we know that the young woman was _______.A. a club bossB. a taxi driverC. a bus driverD. a gas station worker()49. The young woman wanted Sam to _______.A. give her some moneyB. get on her busC. take her to her houseD. help others just as she did()50. The best title of the passage is “_______”.A. A Kind old manB. Getting a rideC. A Broken carD. Passing HelpB(★★★☆☆)I am Alice. My sister and I spent our last summer holiday with our uncle who is a geologist(地质学家)and loves to collect stones.One day he bought us two backpacks and asked us to go to the mountain with him. We walked the whole day. Every now and then he put stones in our backpacks. To our surprise, he also took some stones out from them, But we thought he had just found better stones.When we returned to the house, we were very tired. The backpacks were so heavy that we felt relief (轻松)when we took them off. Yet our uncle’s backpack was half empty.“Why did you give us so many stones?” we asked“I didn’t. You did, "he said. "You didn’t know it, but I gave you a little attitude (态度)test today. I listened to every word you said. Whenever you were complaining(抱怨),I added a stone to your backpacks. Whenever you talked about something with positive(积极的)thinking, I took out a stone. And now look at your backpacks. "Our backpacks were full of stones.“ Your negative(消极的)thoughts are just like stones. You carry them in your mind just like those stones in your backpacks. The more negative thoughts you have, the heavier your mind will be, "said our uncle.With great love, our uncle taught us one of the most important lessons of life-the power of the attitude.()51. Alice's uncle likes to _______.A. collect coinsB. collect stonesC. collect stampsD. collect books()52. When Alice's uncle took out some stones from her backpack, she thought ____.A. she said too many wordsB. her uncle had found better stonesC. her uncle wanted her to feel a sense of reliefD. she talked about something with positive thinking()53. Alice's and her sister's backpacks were full of stones because they ____.A. complained too much on the wayB. were hard-workingC. enjoyed collecting stones very muchD. chose wrong backpacks to carry the stones ()54. The underlined word “them” refers to _______ in the passage.A. the stonesB. the backpacksC. the positive thoughtsD. the negative thoughts ()55. The writer wrote this passage to encourage us to _______.A. be pleased to take others' adviceB. have a positive attitude towards lifeC. make a plan before doing somethingD. help people in trouble第二节:阅读短文,并按要求完成任务.C(★★★☆☆)A little boy invited his mother to the first parents meeting of his primary school. To his surprise, his mother said she would go. ①_______ She was not a beautiful woman because of the scar on her face. His mother told him there was the scar when she was born.At the meeting, other people were impressed by the kindness and natural looks of his mother. But the little boy felt embarrassed for his moms looks, and hid himself behind others. Just at that time, he heard the conversation between his mother and his teacher.“How did you get the scar on your face? "the teacher asked.The mother replied, "When my son was a baby, his room caught fire one day. ②Everyone was too afraid to get into the room. ③_______ While I was running towards his bed, a beam(横梁)fell down and I placed myself over him to protect him. I was knocked over and I knew nothing.④幸运的是,有人救了我们.” She touched the burned side of her face. “ But I have never regretted(后悔)doing what I did,” she added.On hearing that, the little boy was so moved that he hugged his mother with tears in his eyes. He held his mother's right hand tightly for the rest of the day.56.从下面四个选项中选出能填入文中①和③处的最佳选项.A. I rushed into it in a minute.B. The boy never wanted his mother to come to his school.C. This would be the first time that his classmates and his teachers met his mother.D. I was very worried and called the policeman.①_______ ③_______57.将文中画线句子②译成汉语.___________________________________________________58.将文中画线句子④译成英语.___________________________________________________59. What do you think of the little boy’s mother?___________________________________________________60. What did the little boy do for the rest of the day?___________________________________________________五、补全对话(共5小题,每小题2分,计10分)从方框中选择适当的选项补全对话(其中有两项是多余的).A: Hi. Michael. 61B: Nothing much. What's up?A: 62 Would you like to go shopping with me?B: Sure. I also want to buy something. 63 You didn’t answer my phone.A: Sorry, I was helping my mother water flowers in the garden. What about you?B: 64 We go to the park nearly every weekend.A: That sounds interesting. 65B: Of course not. I'll call you by then.61._______ 62._______ 63._______ 64._______ 65._______六、词汇运用(共10小题,每小题1分,计10分)A)根据句意及首字母提示填写单词.66. It is wrong to c_______ our teacher. You should tell the truth67. Don't worry. We will work out the problem by o_______.68. Tony has gone to Australia and he will r_______ in a wee k69. This plan is to p_______ young people with Jobs.70. The lake is twenty meters d_______. You can’t swim in it.B)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空.71. We all know that Hainan is in the _______(south)part of China.72. The woman found the hospital without _______(difficult).73. The _______(laugh)of the children can be heard here and there.74. Paul is much _______(strong)than Jim, isn’t he?75. The girl doesn't know how to deal with the _______(remain)food.七、综合填空(共10小题,每小题1分,计10分)(★★★☆☆)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.Mao Lihui is a father of a primary school student. In the past, Mao spent a lot of time checking his 76 (kid)homework every day. Mao said, "I don’t like checking math homework 77 a long day at work. "Many other parentssaid that, too. So Mao made a 78 (decide)to develop(研制)an app which can free parents from checking math homework.Mao Lihui works at Hangzhou Dana Technology Inc. He and his team developed the app "Love Homework". The team 79 (train)computers to recognize(识别)the numbers even when the children' s handwriting(笔迹)was 80 (care). By taking a photo, the app can check math 81 (problem)in one second, with over 95% accuracy(准确率).Many parents said the free app made a big 82 (different)to their life. Mao Lihui had a strong 83 (feel )of satisfaction about that. Mrs. Xu, a mother who used the app, said " 84 saved me a lot of time and the accuracy was 85 (good)than my own. I hope they can come up with more similar homework-checking apps.”76._______ 77._______ 78._______ 79._______ 80._______81._______ 82._______ 83._______ 84._______ 85._______八、书面表达(计15分)中央电视台的节目《经典咏流传》用流行歌曲的演唱方法重新演唱经典诗词(poetry),节目一经播出,极大地激发了人们对中国经典诗词的阅读热情.为了鼓励同学们学习经典诗词,你们学校计划举行一次背诵比赛.假如你是李华,你们班的交换生Peter对中国诗词很感兴趣,请你给他发封电子邮件,邀请他参加这次比赛.词数80左右.具体安排如下:①比赛时间:9月23号下午2:00开始;②比赛地点:学校礼堂;③每班派两人参加比赛,一人背诵两首自选古诗词,一人背诵一首指定的(appointed)古诗词;④设一等奖三名,二等奖五名,三等奖十名;⑤参加人员:全体师生._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________参考答案:一、1-5 ABACB 6-10 BACBC 11-15 ACCAB 16-20 BACAC二、21-25 CADAB 26-30 AACAA 31-35 ABCDB三、36-40 BACBL 41-45 BADCA四、A)46-50 BACDD B)51-55 BBADBC)56.C A57.每个人都太害怕而不敢进入他的房间.58. Luckily, someone saved us.59. She was a very kind and brave mother.60. He held his mother's right hand tightly for the rest of the day五、61-65 BECFA六、A)66. cheat 67. ourselves 68. return 69. provide 70. deepB)71. southern 72. difficulty 73. laughter 74. stronger 75. remaining七、76. kids 77. after 78. decision 79. trained 80. careless81. problems 82. difference 83. feeling 84. It 85. better八、One possible version:Dear Peter,In order to encourage the students to learn more ancient Chinese poetry, our school will hold an ancient poetry reciting competition. I know you are interested in Chinese poetry, so I invite you to take part in it. The competition will be held in the school hall at 2:00 on the afternoon of September 23rd. Two students from each class take part in the competition. One of them recites two poems. He or she can choose what to recite. The other needs to recite one appointed poem. There are three first prizes, five second prizes and ten third prizes. All the teachers and students will take part in It on time.If you need any help, please tell me.Yours,Li Hua。
八年级下册期末测试卷含答案
第1页,共16页………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________………○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………绝密★启用前八年级下册期末试卷含答案考试范围:xxx ;考试时间:100分钟;命题人:xxx题号 一 二 三 四 五 总分 得分注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I 卷(选择题)一、单选题(本大题共10小题,共20.0分)1. 下面关于动滑轮、定滑轮和滑轮组的说法中,正确的是( )A. 定滑轮不仅能省力而且能改变力的方向B. 使用动滑轮可以省一半的力C. 使用滑轮一定能省力,不一定能改变力的方向D. 使用滑轮组既省力,又一定能改变力的方向2. 如图所示,重为G 的物体在拉力F 的作用下,以速度v 匀速运动了s ,已知物体在水平桌面上运动时受到的摩擦阻力为物重的n 分之一,不计绳重、绳与轮、轮与轴间的摩擦,下列说法正确的是( )A. 使用该滑轮组一定省力B. 拉力的功率为2FvC. 额外功为1n (nF −G)s D. 滑轮组的机械效率为G2F第2页,共16页………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………※※请※※不※※要※※在※※装※※订※※线※※内※※答※※题※※………○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………3. 强力磁铁的磁性特别强,若要取下来需要费点力气。
初二期末考试题及答案下册
初二期末考试题及答案下册初二期末考试题及答案(下册)尊敬的教师和同学们:随着学期的结束,我们即将迎来本学期的期末考试。
以下是初二下学期期末考试的题目及答案,供同学们复习和教师参考。
语文一、选择题1. 下列词语中,读音完全正确的一组是:A. 矜持(jīn chí)B. 蹒跚(pán shān)C. 恣意(zì yì)D. 踌躇(chóu chú)答案:C2. 下列句子中,没有语病的一句是:A. 他不仅学习好,而且品德也优秀。
B. 通过这次活动,使我们受益匪浅。
C. 我们一定要防止类似事件不再发生。
D. 他是一个十分可爱的人。
答案:D二、阅读理解阅读下文,回答问题:(文章略)1. 文章的中心思想是什么?答案:文章通过描述主人公的成长经历,表达了坚持和努力的重要性。
2. 主人公在面对困难时是如何克服的?答案:主人公在面对困难时,通过自我鼓励和不懈努力,最终克服了困难。
数学一、选择题1. 下列哪个选项是二次根式的定义?A. √xB. √x + 1C. √(x + 1)D. x√y答案:A2. 如果一个直角三角形的两条直角边分别为3和4,那么斜边的长度是:A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 8答案:A二、解答题1. 解方程:x² - 5x + 6 = 0答案:x₁ = 2,x₂ = 32. 一个长方体的长、宽、高分别是2米、3米和4米,求它的体积。
答案:体积 = 长× 宽× 高= 2 × 3 × 4 = 24立方米英语一、选择题1. What does the word "unique" mean?A. CommonB. SimilarC. DifferentD. Ordinary答案:C2. How do you ask for permission to do something?A. Can I do it?B. You can do it.C. I can do it.D. Do it.答案:A二、完形填空(文章略)1. In the first blank, the correct word is:答案:adventure2. What does the author feel about the experience?答案:exciting物理一、选择题1. 根据牛顿第三定律,作用力与反作用力的大小关系是:A. 相等B. 不相等C. 有时相等D. 无法确定答案:A2. 一个物体在水平面上以恒定速度运动,它的受力情况是:A. 受到平衡力B. 受到非平衡力C. 没有受到力D. 无法确定答案:A二、简答题1. 简述牛顿第一定律的内容。
人教八年级下册英语期末测试卷(一)(含听力+答案)
人教八年级下册英语期末测试卷〔一〕时间:120分钟总分值:120分听力局部〔分〕I.听句子,选择正确的答语.听一遍.(5分)( )1. A. Yes, I would. B. No, I don't. C. OK,I'll do it at once.( )2. A. I was using the Internet. B. Yes, I was. C. I used the Internet.( )3. A. Yes, I've been there twice. B. Yes, I'm going. C. Yes, I did.( )4. A. He's gone to the library. B. He will go to the library.C. He's been to the library.( )5. A. Yes, please. B. You are so kind. C. No I can't. II.听对话及问题,选择正确的答案.听两遍. (5分) ( )6. A. Eric's mother. B. Eric's father. C. Eric. ( )7.A.At 9:30 a.m. B.At 10:30 a.m. C.At 11:00 a.m. ( )8.A. She has a sore back. B. She has a headache.C. She has a sore throat.( )9. A. Does the dishes. B. Sweeps the floor. C. Takes out the rubbish.( )10. A.Sarah B.Ben. C. Tina.田.听两段对话,选择正确的答案.听两遍.(5分) 听第一段对话,答复第11〜12小题.)11. Where have the twins been?A. To Paris.B.To Sydney.C. To New York. ( )12. How long have the twins been there?A. For a week.B. For a month.C. For two months.听第二段对话,答复第13〜15小题.( )13. Thomas is for vacation.A. going to visit the Great WallB. going to do chores at homeC. going bike riding( )14. Rose has to stay at home for a few days because .A. her parents both workB. her parents have no moneyC. she is tired( )15. Rose is going to Beijing with .A. her friendsB. her cousinsC. her parentsIV.听短文,选择正确的答案.听两遍.(10分)( )16. The man wanted to take a little rest because .A. he was hungryB. it was very hotC. it was cool in the forest( )17. The man shouted at the monkeys, but the little monkeys could nA.seeB.hearC. understand( )18. After the man threw his hat onto the ground, all the monkeys _____ .ughed and made facesB. jumped off the treeC. threw their hats down( )19. In the end the man picked up all his hats and .A. went homeB. went to townC. went to the forest( )20. This interesting story tells us about .A. monkeys and a man with hatsB. how to teach monkeys to wear hatsC. a man and his monkey笔试局部(95分) D. 单项选择.(15分)A. Have a good timeB. You are unluckyC. I want to go, tooD. I'm sorry to hear that( )26. -Excuse me. Where is Mr Smiths office?-He isn't here now. He here for almost one year.A. doesn't workB. didn't workC. hasn't workedD. won't work)27.-I will take my computer test tomorrow.______ .A. I'm sorry to hear thatB. That's OKC. Good luckD. Congratulations)28. I can't believe ______ a little girl can read many books.A.such; soB.such; suchC.so; suchD.so; so)29.-Did your father agree with you?-He was ______ my plan. He thought it was not safe for a girl to travel alone.A.aboutB.withC.forD.against)30. He has ______ daughter _______ Mary.A.a eight years old; nameB. a eight-year-old; namingC.an eight-years-old; namedD. an eight-year-old; named)31. She didnt call me ,she wrote an e-mail to me.( )25. I'm going to spend my winter vacation with my parents in Hainan.( )21.(江苏苏州中考)In North America, meat eaters are bears and (mountain lions. They eat smaller animals such as rabbits and mice.A.smallestB. the smallestC. largestD. the largest( )22. -Who often helps you ______ your English?-My grandfather . ( A.with; does B.studying; helpsC. with; doD. to study; helps ( ( )23.-Could you please buy __________ drinks and snacks?- .I have no timeA.some; SureB.any; SorryC. some; SorryD. any; Yes ( ( )24. Please stop talking. Our teacher has _____ to tell us.A.something importantB. important somethingC. anything importantD.much important (( )32.(安徽中考)I will meet Jane at the station. Please ______ what time she willarrive.A.countB. chooseC. checkD. catch( )33. Mary with her parents ________ to the UK. They back in three weeks.but only bird food. The bat would rather die of hunger than 42 bird food. When the boy noticed the bat getting thinner, he used the spoon to feed the bat bird food 43 the bat could be used to eating the bird food.Some days later, the bat managed to escape from the cage and 44 home. He began to hunt insects for food with other bats. Later he became strong and enjoyed his life 45 a bat.C.have been; comeD. have been; have come ( ( )34.(山东泰安中考)One of the best ways for people to keep healthy is to (good eating habit. (A.growB. developC. increaseD. find ( ( )35.-Could I your umbrella, Alice? ( -Of course. Here you are. (E. .完形填空.(10分) (There was once a bat 蝙蝠)that was too lazy to hunt insects. One day, he looked 36 ( a window and saw a bird in its cage. The bird was given all its food and water without ( having to do_2Z at all. So the bat decided to become a child pet. m.阅读理解.〔30分〕The bat flew to parks so that he could be seen by some 38 and taken home. However Nick put two big baskets of grapes on his donkey and went to the market to sell them.the bat was not as beautiful as some birds, and the children paid little attention艮少注意).A. ReallyB. HoweverC. InsteadD. Though the best and certainly the cleverest one. But when he wanted to eat, there was no in A.have gone; will come B.has gone; will come ( )36.A. between B.out C.across D.through)37. A. everything )38. A. animals )39. A.take)40. A. sad)41. A.looked)42.A.eat)43. A.because )44. A.returned )45. A. forB. somethingB.menB. keepB.lonelyB. feltB.eatingB. so thatB.leftB. likeC. anythingC.childrenC.regardC.coldC.soundedC.to eatC.unlessC. arrivedC. asD. nothingD. womenD. orderD.happyD. trainedD. eatenD.sinceD.moveD. toFinally, with good luck, he met a little boy who was willing to 39 him as a pet. other men there, and all of them had baskets of grapes. After lunch they went to sleep. The bat was 40 in his cage, in a warm and comfortable house.There he 41 like he was After some time,Nick began to take grapes out of the other mens baskets and putthem inAt midday it was very hot, so he stopped in the shade of a big tree. There were severalSuddenly, one of the men woke up and saw him. "What are you doing? " he said angrily.“Oh〞said Nick, “don worry about me. I am half mad(疯的),and I do a lot of strange things.Oh, really?〞 said the other man. Then why don't you take grapes out of your baskets and put them in somebody els e baskets? You did not understand me'. said Nick. I said that I was half mad, not quite mad.( )6. Nick went to the market _______ .A. to sell his donkeyB. to buy somethingC. to sell his grapesD. to find a job ( )47. Nick stopped .A. under a big treeB. near a big treeC. around a big treeD. in a big tree ( )48. As Nick was taking away the other men s grapes, one of the men .A.didn't see himB. saw him and got angryC. woke his fellows(同伴)upD. came to him ( )49. Nick said that he did a lot of strange things because .A. he was cleverB. he was quite madC. he was foolishD. he was half mad ( )50. In this story Nick was .C. a friendly manD.a clever manBEvery year hundreds of people try to climb the worlds highest mountain or walk through rainforests. Let's take a look at two of them. A mountain climber Do you know that more than 4, 000 people have climbed Qomolangma? Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner is one of them. She s one of the world s greatest climbers and has climbed all the mountains over 8,000 meters in the world. It s difficult to climb mountains in cold weather, but Gerlinde loves jt. She started to climb the mountains near her home as a teenager.An Amazon adventurerEd Stafford is the first person to walk along the Amazon River(亚马孙河).His journey took two years and four months. There are many dangerous animals,but Ed was only bitten(被咬)by small insects(昆虫).During his trip, Ed had to look for fruit or catch fish. Sometimes food was hard to find. So he asked the people of the rainforest for food and help.( )51. Gerlinde started mountain climbing when she .A. left schoolB. became a nurseC.was a teenagerD. finished the trip to Amazon ( )52. What does thehis. A. a selfish(自私的)man B.a mad manunderlined word "it" refer to?A. To climb all the mountains in the world.B. To climb mountains in cold weather.C. To be the worlds greatest climber.D. To climb Qomolangma( )53. What can we know from Eds journey along the Amazon River?A. It took four years and two months.B. It was cold in the rainforest.C. It was easy to find food.D. It was very dangerous.( )54. Ed might NOT see ______ in the rainforest.A.peopleB.planesC. fruitD. insects( )55. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Ed was once bitten by mice on his trip.B Gerlinde is the first person to climb Qomolangma.C. More than 4,000 people climb Qomolangma every year.D. Gerlinde has climbed all the mountains over 8,000 meters in the world.CKnown as the mother river by all the Chinese people. the Huanghe River(Yellow River) is the second longest river in China after the Changjiang River. It is 5,464 kilometers long. It starts from the Kunlun Mountains, northwestern Qinghai Province. It runs through nine provinces and flows to Bohai Sea in Shandong Province. The first appearance of the name"Yellow River" is in The Book of Han. The word "yellow" describes the color of the muddy water in the lower course 下游)of the river.根据以上短文内容,完成下面表格.VIII.用所给词的适当形式填空.(5分)61. You have made a (different) in the activity62. Jill's father used to (control) the company, but now he has retired.63. This is a specially (train) dog and it can do something for you64. Jack is the most popular student in his class because of his _______ (kind).65. (communicate)between parents and teenagers is important.X.根据对话内容,从下面方框中选出五个适当的句子补全对话, 其中有两项是多余的(10 分)A: Hello, what are you looking at?B: 66. I am planning to travel, so they sent me the these to cheer me up. 阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空, 使短文意思通顺、完整.A: That's nice. Look, this postcard is from Beijing. 67. B: Yeah, I' m sure it is. But Ii Wei says it's tiring to travel around the city. A:68. _____B: Let's see. That's from Peter. He went to London last summer and went inside Buckingham Palace, where the Queen of England lives.A. Oh, it would be fantastic. C: And this is a postcard of Bali Island. Paul was there last week. He said it s very peaceful.A:69. _____B: Um, this one. It's from Disneyland. It's so exciting. Td really love to go. A: 70. Maybe it could be a graduation present for you next year. B: Yes. You are right. I'll try.A. Just some postcards from friends.B. Why not talk about it with your parents?C. Where s this one from?D. How did he go there?E. That's a very interesting place to visit.F. Of all, which postcard do you like best?G. Who is he?X .词语运用.〔10分〕每词限用一次.方框中有两个词是多余的.think, she, grow, trouble, among, mountain, two peace, careful,between, because, makeThere once was a king who offered a prize to the artist who painted the best picture of peace. Many artists tried. The king looked at all the pictures. But there were only two he really liked, and he had to choose 71. them. One picture was a quiet lake. The lake was a perfect mirror 髓子〕for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with white clouds. All who saw this picture 72. that it was a perfect picture of peace.The other picture had 73. , too. But these were rocky. Above was an angry sky, rain fell from it and lightning played in it.Down the side of the mountains fell a waterfall. This did not look 74. at all.But when the king looked 75. , he saw behind the waterfall a small bush〔灌木〕76. in a crack〔裂缝〕in the rock. In the bush a mother bird had built 77. nest 康〕.There sat the mother bird in her nest-in perfect peace.Which picture do you think won the prize? The king chose the 78. picture. Do you know why?79. _________ peace does not mean to be in a place where there is no noise,80. , or hard work, "explained the king."Peace means to be the middle ofall those noisy things and still be peaceful in your heart.That is the real meaning of peace.XI .书面表达.〔15分〕听力材料你的同桌Mary上课时总是和别人说话.你与她的关系不错,但她的行为已经影I.听句子,选择正确的答语.听一遍.1. Could you please turn off the radio?响了你的学习.请你写一封信给她,说说你的想法,并给出适当的建议. 70词左右提示词:deskmate何桌〕,disturb〔打搅;影响〕,get rid of〔改掉〕 2. What were you doing when I called you last night?____________________________________________________________________ 3.Have you ever been to the amusement park?____________________________________________________________________ 4. Where s Jim? Do you know?____________________________________________________________________ 5. May I ask you some questions?____________________________________________________________________ II.听对话及问题,选择正确的答案.听两遍____________________________________________________________________ 6. W: What were you doing when the earthquake happened, Eric?____________________________________________________________________ M: I was reading. My mother was watching TV and my father was cooking.Q: Who was watching TV when the earthquake happened?7. W: Our fight will be at 9: 30 a m. Is that OK?M: No. It's too late. I can't get to the meeting in an hour.Q: When will the meeting start?8. M: What s the matter, Lucy?W: I have a sore throat.Q: What's wrong with Lucy?9. W: Do you like doing the dishes, John?M: No, I hate it, but I often help my mom sweep the floor.Q: What chore does John often do at home?10. M: Have you ever been to the water park, Sarah?W: No, I haven't. What about you, Ben?M: Me neither. But Tina has.Q: Who has been to the water park?HI.听两段对话,选择正确的答案.听两遍.听第一段对话,答复第11〜12小题.M: I haven't seen you for a long time. Where have you been?W: I went to New York with my twin sister.M: How long did you stay there?W: We lived with my aunt for a month. We came back a week ago. M: Where s your sister now? I didn't see her today.W: Oh, she went to the library to borrow a book.听第二段对话,答复第13〜15小题.W: The vacation is coming. What are you doing for it, Thomas?M: I'm going bike riding with my friends. What about you, Rose?W: I have to do chores at home for a few days. My parents both work. M: What are you going to do after that?W: I'm going to Beijing.M: What are you going to do therdW: To visit the Great Wall.M: Who are you going with?W: With my cousin.M: Have a good time!W: You too.IV.听短文,选择正确的答案.听两遍.One day a man was on his way to town with many hats. He was walking through a forest. It was very hot and the man wanted to have a little rest. He put one hat on his head and put the others on the ground. Then he sat down under a tree and soon he fell asleep.When he woke up half an hour later, the man couldn't find his hats on the ground. Then he looked around and found many monkeys in the tree. Each monkey had a hat on its head. He shouted at the monkeys and wanted his hats, but the monkeys didrt understand him. At last he was very angry and he threw his last hat onto the ground. Then the little monkeys threw their hats onto the ground, too. In the end, the man picked up all his hats and went to town.参考答案56.longest 57.northwestern 58.Sea 59.Han 60. waterVIII. 61.difference 62.control 63.trained 64.kindness municationIX. 66-70 AECFBX 71. between 72.thought 73.mountains 74.peaceful 75.carefullyI 1-5 CAAAA II 6-10 ABCBC III 11-15CBCAB IV 16-20 BCCBA V 21-25 DACAA 26-30 CCADD 31-35 CCBBCVI 36-40 DCCBD 41-45 BABACVII 46-50 CABDA 51-55 CBDBD76.growing 77.her 78.second 79.Because 80.troubleXI One possible version:Dear Mary,It's good to be your deskmate. Thank you for helping me so much in my study. Ydue a good girl. But you have just one bad habit. You often talk with others, either in or out of class. You may think it's not a problem. But I should say it really disturbs me. I cant listen to the teachers clearly or put my heart into my homework. I think you should get rid of this bad habit and work hard at your schoolwork. I think saying all this may make you uncomfortable at the moment, but you'll find it good for you.Yours,Tom。
人教版八年级下册英语 第二学期期末测试卷(一)
第二学期期末测试卷(一)时间:120分钟满分:120分第一部分听力(共四大题,满分20分)一、短对话理解。
(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分)1. How will the boy go to Beijing?2. What did the girl do last night?3. When will they go to the cinema?A. This morning.B. This afternoon.C. Tomorrow afternoon.4. What did Tony's mother buy for him?A. A toy horse.B. A toy tiger.C. A toy bear.5. How did Eric hurt his head?A. He fell off a bike.B. He walked into a tree.C. He fell over a stone.二、长对话理解。
(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分)听下面一段对话,回答第6、7小题。
6. Who did Li Dong go to Beijing with?A. His friends.B. His parents.C. His sisters.7. Where did Li Dong visit?A. The Great Wall.B. The Summer Palace.C. The Forbidden City.听下面一段对话,回答第8至10小题。
8. Where did Mike go?A. To a paper factory.B. To a hospital.C. To a school.9. How long has Mike been in Green China?A. For two years.B. For five years.C. For six years.10. What are they going to do?A. Go to a cinema.B. Have a talk.C. Have supper together.三、短文理解。
2022年八年级语文下册期末测试卷一贵阳
2022年八年级语文下册期末测试卷一贵阳1、1叶子底下是()的流水,遮住了,不能见一些颜色。
(朱自清《荷塘月色》)括号内应填“脉脉”。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)2、“自惭形秽”中“秽”、“扣人心弦”中“弦”的读音分别是“shu씓xuán”。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)3、下列选项中加着重号字注音正确的一项是()[单选题] *A、百舸kě绸缪móuB、橘子jú苍茫chāngC、挥斥方遒qiú层林尽染jìn(正确答案)D、寥廓liào 百侣lǚ4、1“是故无贵无贱,无长无少”的下一句是“道之所存,师之所存也”。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)5、《红楼梦》“宝玉挨打”的情节历来为读者所津津乐道,下面对宝玉挨打的原因分析有误的是( ) [单选题] *A.宝玉会见官僚贾雨村时无精打采,令贾政很不满意。
B.宝玉与金钏儿说悄悄话被王夫人听见,金钏儿被王夫人打后羞愤投井自杀。
(正确答案)C.贾环搬弄是非,向贾政诬告此系宝玉逼奸不遂,逼死了金钏儿惹怒贾政。
D.宝玉又因留恋戏子蒋玉菡被告了状。
激怒了忠顺王爷,给贾政无端招来政治纠纷。
6、棘手、机遇、极乐鸟、集腋成裘此组词语中加着重号的字的读音相同。
[判断题] *对错(正确答案)7、含情脉脉中的脉读作()[单选题] *māimǎimǒmò(正确答案)8、17. 下列句子中加双引号成语使用恰当的一项是()[单选题] *A.生态建设让绿色成为乡村发展最动人的色彩,家乡的河流又开始“川流不息”。
B.李大钊掷地有声的话语,道出了五四先驱“一意孤行”的追求。
C.习近平许多重要讲话,往往用喻贴切,通俗易懂,体现了“平易近人”的语言风格。
(正确答案)D.青岛海上救援队一年365天随时待命,经常出没于“风口浪尖”,救人于危难之中。
9、下列中括号内字注音无误的一项是()[单选题] *A.杏[仁](rén)火[炽](chì)[暂]时(zàn)(正确答案)B.机[杼](zhù)一[钹](bá)[犬]牙(quǎn)C.[叛]乱(pàn)褴[褛](lǚ)坚[劲](jìn)D.[溶]解(róng) [燕]山(yàn)惆[怅](chàng)10、1《荷花淀》是孙犁的散文。
八年级下册数学期末试卷综合测试卷(word含答案)(1)
八年级下册数学期末试卷综合测试卷(word含答案)(1) 一、选择题1.函数y=35xx--的自变量x的取值范围是()A.x≠5B.x>3且x≠5C.x≥3D.x≥3且x≠5 2.由下列线段组成的三角形不是直角三角形的是()A.7,24,25 B.4,5,41C.3,5,4 D.4,5,6 3.下列关于平行四边形的命题中,错误的是()A.两组对角分别相等的四边形是平行四边形B.一组对边相等,另一组对边平行的四边形是平行四边形C.一组对边平行,一组对角相等的四边形是平行四边形D.一组对边平行且相等的四边形是平行四边形4.下表记录了甲、乙、丙、丁四名跳高运动员最近几次选拔赛成绩的平均数与方差:甲乙丙丁平均数()cm183183183183方差 5.7 3.5 6.78.6要从中选择一名发挥稳定的运动员去参加比赛,应该选择()A.甲B.乙C.丙D.丁5.如图,已知矩形ABCD的对角线AC的长为10cm,连结矩形各边中点E、F、G、H得四边形EFGH,则四边形EFGH的周长为()cm.A.20 B.202C.203D.256.如图,已知E为邻边相等的平行四边形ABCD的边BC上一点,且∠DAE=∠B=80º,那么∠CDE的度数为()A.20º B.25º C.30º D.35º7.如图,在△ABC中,BC=2∠C=45°,若D是AC的三等分点(AD>CD),且AB =BD ,则AB 的长为( )A .2B .5C .3D .528.一条公路旁依次有A 、B 、C 三个村庄,甲、乙两人骑自行车分别从A 村、B 村同时出发前往C 村,甲、乙之间的距离()km s 与骑行时间()t h 之间的函数关系如图所示,下列结论:①A 、B 两村相距8km ;②甲出发2h 后到达C 村;③甲每小时比乙我骑行8km ;④相遇后,乙又骑行了15min 或45min 时两人相距2km .其中正确结论的个数是( )A .1B .2C .3D .4二、填空题9.若13x x --在实数范围内有意义,则x 的取值范围是____________. 10.如图,菱形ABCD 的对角线AC ,BD 相交于点O ,已知4OA =,菱形ABCD 的面积为24,则BD 的长为______.11.如图,两个较大正方形的面积分别为225、289,则字母A 所代表的正方形的边长为_____12.如图,在矩形ABCD 中,点E 在AD 上,且EC 平分BED ∠,若1AB =,45EBC ∠=︒,则DE 的长为__________.13.已知一次函数y x b =-+的图象过点()8,2,那么此一次函数的解析式为__________. 14.若顺次连接四边形ABCD 四边中点所得的四边形是菱形,则原四边形的对角线AC 、BD 所满足的条件是________.15.在平面直角坐标系中,矩形OABC 的顶点O 为坐标原点,顶点A ,C 分别在x 轴和y 轴上,OA =4,OC =3,D 为AB 边的中点,E 是OA 边上的一个动点,当△CDE 的周长最小时,则点E 的坐标为_____.16.如图,∠ABD =∠BDC =90°,AB =12,BC =8,CD =10A 与点D 重合,折痕为HG ,则线段BH 的长为___.三、解答题17.计算:(1)218×12﹣24;(2)48÷3﹣12×12+24. 18.如图,在甲村到乙村的公路一旁有一块山地正在开发.现A 处需要爆破,已知点A 与公路上的停靠站B ,C 的距离分别为400 m 和300 m ,且AC ⊥AB .为了安全起见,如果爆破点A 周围半径260 m 的区域内不能有车辆和行人,问在进行爆破时,公路BC 段是否需要暂时封闭?为什么?19.如图,4×10长方形网格中,每个小正方形的顶点称为格点,每个小正方形的边长均为1,点A ,B ,E ,F 都在格点上,按下列要求作图,使得所画图形的顶点均在格点上. (1)在图中画出以AB 为边的正方形ABCD ;(2)在图中画出以EF 为边的等腰三角形EFG ,且△EFG 的周长为1010+; (3)在(1)(2)的条件下,连接CG ,则线段CG 的长为 .20.如图,在ABCD 中,两条对角线AC 和BD 相交于点O ,并且6BD =,8AC =,5BC =.(1)AC 与BD 有什么位置关系?为什么?(2)四边形ABCD 是菱形吗?为什么?21.阅读材料:规定初中考试不能使用计算器后,小明是这样解决问题的:已知a 23+,求2281a a -+的值.他是这样分析与解的:∵a 23+2323(23)(23)-=+-, ∴23a -= ∴2(2)3,a -= 2443a a -+=∴241a a -=-, ∴2281a a -+=2(24)1a a -+=2(1)11⨯-+=-.请你根据小明的分析过程,解决如下问题:(1)若a 21-,直接写出2481a a -+的值是 . (21315375121119+++++ 22.为丰富同学们的课余活动,某校成立了篮球课外兴趣小组,计划购买一批篮球,需购买A 、B 两种不同型号的篮球共300个.已知购买3个A 型篮球和2个B 型篮球共需340元,购买2个A 型篮球和1个B 型篮球共需要210元.(1)求购买一个A 型篮球、一个B 型篮球各需多少元?(2)若该校计划投入资金W 元用于购买这两种篮球,设购进的A 型篮球为t 个,求W 关于t 的函数关系式;(3)学校在体育用品专卖店购买A 、B 两种型号篮球共300个,经协商,专卖店给出如下优惠:A 种球每个降价8元,B 种球打9折,计算下来,学校共付费16740元,学校购买A 、B 两种篮球各多少个?23.如图,矩形ABCD 中,AB=4,AD=3,∠A 的角平分线交边CD 于点E .点P 从点A 出发沿射线AE 以每秒2个单位长度的速度运动,Q 为AP 的中点,过点Q 作QH ⊥AB 于点H ,在射线AE 的下方作平行四边形PQHM (点M 在点H 的右侧),设P 点运动时间为秒.(1)直接写出的面积(用含的代数式表示).(2)当点M 落在BC 边上时,求的值.(3)在运动过程中,整个图形中形成的三角形是否存在全等三角形?若存在,请写出所有全等三角形,并求出对应的的值;若不存在请说明理由(不能添加辅助线). 24.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,直线28y x =+与x 轴交于点A,与y 轴交于点B,过点B 的直线x 轴于点C ,且AB=BC .(1)求直线BC 的表达式(2)点P 为线段AB 上一点,点Q 为线段BC 延长线上一点,且AP=CQ,PQ 交x 轴于点P ,设点Q 的横坐标为m ,求PBQ ∆的面积(用含m 的代数式表示)(3)在(2)的条件下,点M 在y 轴的负半轴上,且MP=MQ ,若45BQM ︒∠=求点P 的坐标.25.如图,Rt △CEF 中,∠C =90°,∠CEF ,∠CFE 外角平分线交于点A ,过点A 分别作直线CE ,CF 的垂线,B ,D 为垂足.(1)∠EAF = °(直接写出结果不写解答过程);(2)①求证:四边形ABCD 是正方形.②若BE =EC =3,求DF 的长.(3)如图(2),在△PQR 中,∠QPR =45°,高PH =5,QH =2,则HR 的长度是 (直接写出结果不写解答过程).【参考答案】一、选择题1.D解析:D【分析】根据二次根式和分式有意义的条件列出不等式,求解不等式即可.【详解】根据题意得:x﹣3≥0且x﹣5≠0,解得x≥3且x≠5.∴自变量x的取值范围是x≥3且x≠5.故选:D.【点睛】本题考查了二次根式和分式由意义的条件,理解二次根式和分式由意义的条件是解题的关键.2.D解析:D【分析】根据勾股定理的逆定理对各选项进行逐一判断即可.【详解】解:A、∵72+242=625=252,∴能够成直角三角形,故本选项不符合题意;B、∵42+52412,∴能够成直角三角形,故本选项不符合题意;C、∵32+42=52,∴能够成直角三角形,故本选项不符合题意;D、∵42+52≠62,∴不能够成直角三角形,故本选项符合题意.故选:D.【点睛】本题考查的是勾股定理的逆定理,即如果三角形的三边长a,b,c满足a2+b2=c2,那么这个三角形就是直角三角形.3.B解析:B【解析】【分析】根据平行四边形的判定方法,一一判断即可.【详解】解:A. 两组对角分别相等的四边形是平行四边形,正确;根据平行四边形的判定方法,可得结论;B. 一组对边相等,另一组对边平行的四边形是平行四边形,错误;如:等腰梯形;C. 一组对边平行,一组对角相等的四边形是平行四边形正确,由题意可以证明两组对边分别平行,四边形是平行四边形;D. 一组对边平行且相等的四边形是平行四边形,正确,根据平行四边形的判定方法,可得结论.故选:B【点睛】本题考查平行四边形的判定,解题的关键是熟练掌握平行四边形的判定方法,属于中考基础题.4.B解析:B【解析】【分析】首先比较出甲、乙、丙、丁四名跳高运动员最近几次选拔赛成绩的方差的大小关系,然后根据方差越大,波动性越大,判断出应该选择谁参加比赛即可.【详解】解:因为3.5<5.7<6.7<8.6,所以乙最近几次选拔赛成绩的方差最小,所以要从中选择一名发挥稳定的运动员去参加比赛,应该选择乙.故选:B.【点睛】此题主要考查了方差的含义和应用,要熟练掌握,解答此题的关键是要明确:方差反映了一组数据的波动大小,方差越大,波动性越大,反之也成立.5.A解析:A【分析】连接BD,根据三角形中位线定理易得四边形EFGH的各边长等于矩形对角线的一半,而矩形对角线相等,从而算出周长即可.【详解】连接BD,∵H、G是AD与CD的中点,∴HG是△ACD的中位线,∴HG=1AC=5cm,同理EF=5cm,2∵四边形ABCD是矩形,∴根据矩形的对角线相等,即BD=AC=10cm,∵H、E是AD与AB的中点,∴EH是△ABD的中位线,∴EH=1BD=5cm,同理FG=5cm,2∴四边形EFGH的周长为20cm.故选A.【点睛】熟练掌握矩形对角线相等和三角形中位线等于第三边的一半的性质是解决本题的关键. 6.C解析:C【解析】【分析】依题意得出AE=AB=AD,∠ADE=50°,又因为∠B=80°故可推出∠ADC=80°,∠CDE=∠ADC-∠ADE,从而求解.【详解】∵AD∥BC,∴∠AEB=∠DAE=∠B=80°,∴AE=AB=AD,在三角形AED中,AE=AD,∠DAE=80°,∴∠ADE=50°,又∵∠B=80°,∴∠ADC=80°,∴∠CDE=∠ADC-∠ADE=30°.故选:C.【点睛】考查菱形的边的性质,同时综合利用三角形的内角和及等腰三角形的性质,解题关键是利用等腰三角形的性质求得∠ADE的度数.7.B解析:B【解析】【分析】作BE ⊥AC 于E ,根据等腰三角形三线合一性质可得AE =DE ,根据∠C =45°,得出∠EBC =180°-∠C -∠BEC =180°-45°-90°=45°,可得BE =CE ,利用勾股定理求出CE =BE =2,根据D 是AC 的三等分点得出AE =DE =121233AC AC ⨯==CD ,求出CD =1,利用勾股定理2222215AB BE AE =+=+=即可.【详解】解:作BE ⊥AC 于E ,∵AB =BD ,∴AE =DE ,∵∠C =45°,∴∠EBC =180°-∠C -∠BEC =180°-45°-90°=45°,∴BE =CE ,在Rt △BEC 中,∴()22222+222BE CE CE BC ===,∴CE =BE =2,∵D 是AC 的三等分点, ∴CD =13AC ,AD =AC -CD =1233AC AC AC -=, ∴AE =DE =121233AC AC ⨯==CD , ∴CE =CD +DE =2CD =2,∴CD =1,∴AE =1,在Rt △ABE 中,根据勾股定理2222215AB BE AE =+=+=.故选B .【点睛】本题考查等腰三角形的性质,等腰直角三角形判定与性质,勾股定理,三等分线段,掌握等腰三角形的性质,等腰直角三角形判定与性质,勾股定理,三等分线段是解题关键. 8.C解析:C【分析】由图像与纵轴的交点可得出A 、B 两地的距离;当s=0时,即为甲、乙相遇的时候,同理根据图像的拐点判断其他即可.【详解】解:由图像可知A 村、B 村相离8km ,故①正确;甲出发2h 后到达C 村,故②正确;当0≤t≤1时,易得一次函数的解析式为s=-8t+8,故甲的速度比乙的速度快8km/h ,故③正确;当1≤t≤1.5时,函数图象经过点(1,0)(1.5,4)设一次函数的解析式为s=kt+b则有:104 1.5k b k b =+⎧⎨=+⎩解得21k b =⎧⎨=⎩ ∴s=2t+1当s=2时,得2=2t+1,解得t=0.5<1,不符合题意,④错误.故答案为C.【点睛】本题考查了一次函数的应用和函数与方程的思想,解题的关键在于读懂图象,根据图像的信息进行解答.二、填空题9.1≥x 且3x ≠【解析】【分析】根据分母不等于0,且被开方数是非负数列式求解即可.【详解】由题意得10x -≥且30x -≠解得1≥x 且3x ≠故答案为:1≥x 且3x ≠【点睛】本题考查了代数式有意义时字母的取值范围,代数式有意义时字母的取值范围一般从几个方面考虑:①当代数式是整式时,字母可取全体实数;②当代数式是分式时,考虑分式的分母不能为0;③当代数式是二次根式时,被开方数为非负数.10.A解析:6【解析】【分析】根据菱形的性质得到AC =8,根据菱形的面积等于两条对角线乘积的一半,即可求解.【详解】解:∵四边形ABCD 为菱形;∴AC =2OA =8,12ABCD S AC BD =⋅菱形, ∴12482BD =⨯⨯, ∴BD =6,故答案为:6【点睛】本题考查了菱形的性质,解题的关键是熟记菱形面积的两种表示法:(1)底乘高,(2)对角线乘积的一半,本题运用的是第二种.11.E解析:8【解析】【分析】根据正方形的面积等于边长的平方,由正方形PQED 的面积和正方形PRQF 的面积分别表示出PR 的平方及PQ 的平方,又三角形PQR 为直角三角形,根据勾股定理求出QR 的平方,即可求小正方形的边长.【详解】如图,∵正方形PQED 的面积等于225,∴即PQ 2=225,∵正方形PRGF 的面积为289,∴PR 2=289,又△PQR 为直角三角形,根据勾股定理得:PR 2=PQ 2+QR 2,∴QR 2=PR 2−PQ 2=289−225=64,∴QR=8,即字母A 所代表的正方形的边长为8.【点睛】本题考查勾股定理,根据勾股定理求出小正方形的面积是关键.12.D21【分析】由矩形的性质和角平分线的定义得出∠DEC =∠ECB =∠BEC ,推出BE =BC ,求得 AE =AB =1,然后依据勾股定理可求得BC 的长;【详解】解:∵四边形ABCD 是矩形,∴AD ∥BC ,∴∠DEC =∠BCE ,∵EC 平分∠DEB ,∴∠DEC =∠BEC ,∴∠BEC =∠ECB ,∴BE =BC ,∵四边形ABCD 是矩形,∴∠A =90°,AD BC =∵∠ABE =45°,∴∠ABE =∠AEB =45°,∴AB =AE =1,由勾股定理得:BE ==,∴BC =AD =BE, ∴1DE AD AE =-,1.【点睛】本题考查了矩形的性质,等腰三角形的性质与判定,勾股定理的应用;熟练掌握矩形的性质,证出BE =BC 是解题的关键.13.10y x =-+【分析】用待定系数法即可得到答案.【详解】解:把()8,2代入y x b =-+得82b -+=,解得10b =,所以一次函数解析式为10y x =-+.故答案为10y x =-+【点睛】本题考查求一次函数解析式,解题的关键是熟练掌握待定系数法.14.A解析:AC BD =【分析】如下图,根据三角形中位线的定理,可得AG=EF=12AC ,GF=AE=12BD ,再根据菱形四条边相等的性质,可得出AC 与BD 的关系.【详解】如下图,点E 、F 、G 、H 分别是AB 、BC 、CD 、DA 的中点∵点E、F是AB、BC的中点∴EF=12AC同理可得:AG=EF=12AC,GF=AE=12BD∵要使得四边形HEFG是菱形,则HE=EF=FG=GH ∴只需AC=BD即可故答案为:AC=BD【点睛】本题考查菱形的性质和三角形中位线的性质,解题关键是得出AG=EF=12 AC,GF=AE=12 BD.15.(,0)【分析】作点D关于x轴对称点F,根据题意求出D点的坐标,从而得到F点的坐标,同时连接CF,则CF与x轴的交点即为所求E点,此时满足△CDE的周长最小,利用CF的解析式求解即可.【详解】解析:(83,0)【分析】作点D关于x轴对称点F,根据题意求出D点的坐标,从而得到F点的坐标,同时连接CF,则CF与x轴的交点即为所求E点,此时满足△CDE的周长最小,利用CF的解析式求解即可.【详解】解:作点D关于x轴对称点F,如图,∵四边形OABC 是矩形,∴OC =BD =3,点C 的坐标为()0,3,∵D 为AB 边的中点,∴AD =32, ∵OA =4,∴D 点的坐标为34,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,则F 点的坐标为34,2⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭, 根据轴对称的性质可得:EF =ED ,∴C △CDE =CD +CE +DE =CD +CE +EF ,其中CD 为定值,当CE +EF 值最小时,△CDE 周长最小,此时点C ,E ,F 三点共线,设直线CF 的解析式为:()0y kx b k =+≠,将()0,3和34,2⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭代入解析式得: 3342b k b =⎧⎪⎨+=-⎪⎩,解得:983k b ⎧=-⎪⎨⎪=⎩, ∴直线CF 的解析式为:938y x =-+, 令0y =,得:9308x -+=, 解得:83x =, ∴点E 坐标(83,0), 故答案为:803⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,. 【点睛】本题考查一次函数与轴对称的综合运用,理解最短路径的求解方法,熟悉待定系数法求一次函数解析式是解题关键.16.5【分析】在Rt△BDC中由勾股定理可求出BD,根据翻折变换可得AH=HD,在Rt△BDH 中由勾股定理可得答案.【详解】解:在Rt△BDC中,∵BC=8,CD=2,∴BD=,由题意,得解析:5【分析】在Rt△BDC中由勾股定理可求出BD,根据翻折变换可得AH=HD,在Rt△BDH中由勾股定理可得答案.【详解】解:在Rt△BDC中,∵BC=8,CD=∴BD=由题意,得AH=HD,设BH=x,则AH=12﹣x=HD,在Rt△BDH中,由勾股定理得,HB2+BD2=HD2,即x2)2=(12﹣x)2,解得x=5,即HB=5,故答案为:5.【点睛】本题考查了翻折变换,勾股定理.掌握翻折变换的性质及勾股定理是解题的关键.三、解答题17.(1);(2)【分析】(1)先利用二次根式的性质化简,然后根据二次根式的混合计算法则求解即可;(2)先利用二次根式的性质化简,然后根据二次根式的混合计算法则求解即可.【详解】解:(1)解析:(1)2)4【分析】(1)先利用二次根式的性质化简,然后根据二次根式的混合计算法则求解即可;(2)先利用二次根式的性质化简,然后根据二次根式的混合计算法则求解即可.【详解】解:(1)===(22=4=4=【点睛】本题主要考查了利用二次根式的化简和二次根式的混合运算,熟练掌握相关计算法则是解题的关键.18.需要封闭,理由见解析【分析】过作于 先求解 再利用等面积法求解 再与260比较,可得答案.【详解】解:过作于所以进行爆破时,公路BC 段需要暂时封闭.【点睛】解析:需要封闭,理由见解析【分析】过A 作AK BC ⊥于,K 先求解,BC 再利用等面积法求解,AK 再与260比较,可得答案.【详解】解:过A 作AK BC ⊥于,K,400,300,AB AC AB AC22500,BC AB AC11,AB AC BC AK22AK300400500,240,AK240260,所以进行爆破时,公路BC段需要暂时封闭.【点睛】本题考查的是勾股定理的应用,利用等面积法求解直角三角形斜边上的高,掌握“等面积法求解直角三角形斜边上的高”是解题的关键.19.(1)见解析;(2)见解析;(3)【解析】【分析】(1)根据正方形的判定画出以AB为边的正方形ABCD即可;(2)画出以EF为边的等腰三角形EFG,且△EFG的周长为等腰三角形即可;(3)解析:(1)见解析;(2)见解析;(35【解析】【分析】(1)根据正方形的判定画出以AB为边的正方形ABCD即可;(2)画出以EF为边的等腰三角形EFG,且△EFG的周长为1010(3)由勾股定理求出CG即可.【详解】解:(1)如图,所作正方形ABCD即为以AB为边的正方形ABCD;(2)如图,所作△EFG即为以EF为边的等腰三角形EFG,且△EFG的周长为1010+(3)如图,CG22+512【点睛】本题考查作图-应用与设计,勾股定理,解题的关键是理解题意,根据GE=GF=5画出等腰三角形.20.(1)AC⊥BD,证明见解析;(2)四边形ABCD是菱形,见解析【分析】(1)首先根据平行四边形的性质得出OC, OB的长,再利用勾股定理逆定理求出∠BOC=90,可得AC与BD的位置关系;(解析:(1)AC⊥BD,证明见解析;(2)四边形ABCD是菱形,见解析【分析】(1)首先根据平行四边形的性质得出OC,OB的长,再利用勾股定理逆定理求出∠BOC=90︒,可得AC与BD的位置关系;(2)菱形的判定方法:对角线互相垂直平分的四边形是菱形,可得答案.【详解】解:(1)AC⊥BD;理由如下:在ABCD中,132==OB BD,142OC AC==∵22291625+=+==OB OC BC∴∠BOC=90︒∴AC⊥BD.(2)四边形ABCD是菱形∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形(已知),AC⊥BD(已证)∴四边形ABCD是菱形.【点睛】此题主要考查了菱形的判定,平行四边形的性质,以及勾股定理的逆定理的运用,解题的关键是根据条件证出BO2+CO2=CB2.21.(1)5;(2)5.【解析】【详解】试题分析: 根据平方差公式,可分母有理化,根据整体代入,可得答案.试题解析:(1)∵a=,∴4a2-8a+1=4×()2-8×()+1=5;(2)解析:(1)5;(2)5.【解析】【详解】试题分析: 根据平方差公式,可分母有理化,根据整体代入,可得答案.试题解析:(1)∵, ∴4a 2-8a+1)2-8×)+1=5;(2)原式=12×=12×) =12×10=5.点睛:本题主要考查了分母有理化,利用分母有理化化简是解答此题的关键. 22.(1)一个A 型篮球为80元,一个B 型篮球为50元;(2)函数解析式为:;(3)A 型篮球120个,则B 型篮球为180个.【分析】(1)设一个A 型篮球为x 元,一个B 型篮球为y 元,根据题意列出方程组求 解析:(1)一个A 型篮球为80元,一个B 型篮球为50元;(2)函数解析式为:()30150000300W t t =+≤≤;(3)A 型篮球120个,则B 型篮球为180个.【分析】(1)设一个A 型篮球为x 元,一个B 型篮球为y 元,根据题意列出方程组求解即可得; (2)A 型篮球t 个,则B 型篮球为()300t -个,根据单价、数量、总价的关系即可得; (3)根据A 型篮球与B 型篮球的优惠政策求出单价,然后代入(2)解析式中求解即可得.【详解】解:(1)设一个A 型篮球为x 元,一个B 型篮球为y 元,根据题意可得:323402210x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩, 解得:8050x y =⎧⎨=⎩,∴一个A 型篮球为80元,一个B 型篮球为50元;(2)A 型篮球t 个,则B 型篮球为()300t -个,根据题意可得:()()805030030150000300W t t t t =+-=+≤≤,∴函数解析式为:()30150000300W t t =+≤≤;(3)根据题意可得:A 型篮球单价为()808-元,B 型篮球单价为500.9⨯元,则()()16740808500.9300t t =-+⨯⨯-,解得:120t =,300180t -=,∴A 型篮球120个,则B 型篮球为180个. 【点睛】题目主要考查二元一次方程组及一次函数的应用,理解题意,列出相应方程是解题关键.23.(1);(2);(3)存在,如图2(见解析),当时,;如图3(见解析),当时,;如图4(见解析),当时,. 【分析】(1)先根据线段中点的定义可得,再根据矩形的性质、角平分线的定义可得,从而可得是解析:(1);(2);(3)存在,如图2(见解析),当时,;如图3(见解析),当时,;如图4(见解析),当时,.【分析】(1)先根据线段中点的定义可得,再根据矩形的性质、角平分线的定义可得,从而可得是等腰直角三角形,然后根据等腰直角三角形的性质可得AH 的长,最后根据等腰直角三角形的面积公式即可得; (2)先根据平行四边形的性质可得,从而可得,再根据三角形中位线定理可得是的中位线,从而可得,然后与(1)所求的建立等式求解即可得;(3)分①当点H 是AB 的中点时,;②当点Q 与点E 重合时,;③当时,三种情况,分别求解即可得.【详解】 (1)由题意得:,点Q 为AP 的中点,,四边形ABCD 是矩形,,是BAD的角平分线,,,是等腰直角三角形,,则的面积为;(2)如图1,四边形PQHM是平行四边形,,点M在BC边上,,点Q为AP的中点,是的中位线,,由(1)知,,则,解得;(3)由题意,有以下三种情况:①如图2,当点H是AB的中点时,则,四边形PQHM是平行四边形,,,在和中,,由(2)可知,此时;②如图3,当点Q与点E重合时,在和中,,,,则,解得;③如图4,当时,四边形ABCD是矩形,四边形PQHM是平行四边形,,,在和中,,,,在中,,是等腰直角三角形,,,在中,,是等腰直角三角形,,则由得:,解得;综上,如图2,当时,;如图3,当时,;如图4,当时,.【点睛】本题考查了矩形的性质、三角形中位线定理、三角形全等的判定定理与性质、等腰直角三角形的判定与性质等知识点,较难的是题(3),依据题意,正确分三种情况讨论并画出图形是解题关键.24.(1)y=-2x+8;(2)S=16m-2m2;(3)(-2,4)【解析】【分析】(1)先求出点A,点B坐标,由等腰三角形的性质可求点C坐标,由待定系数法可求BC 的解析式;(2)过点P作PG解析:(1)y=-2x+8;(2)S=16m-2m2;(3)(-2,4)【解析】【分析】(1)先求出点A,点B坐标,由等腰三角形的性质可求点C坐标,由待定系数法可求BC 的解析式;(2)过点P作PG⊥AC,PE∥BC交AC于E,过点Q作HQ⊥AC,由“AAS”可证△AGP≌△CHQ,可得AG=HC=m-4,PG=HQ=2m-8,由“AAS”可证△PEF≌△QCF,可得S△PEF=S△QCF,即可求解;(3)如图2,连接AM,CM,过点P作PE⊥AC,由“SSS”可证△APM≌△CQM,△ABM≌△CBM,可得∠PAM=∠MCQ,∠BQM=∠APM=45°,∠BAM=∠BCM,由“AAS”可证△APE≌△MAO,可得AE=OM,PE=AO=4,可求m的值,可得点P的坐标.【详解】解:(1)∵直线y=2x+8与x轴交于点A,与y轴交于点B,∴点B(0,8),点A(-4,0)∴AO=4,BO=8,∵AB=BC,BO⊥AC,∴AO=CO=4,∴点C(4,0),设直线BC解析式为:y=kx+b,由题意可得:804bk b=⎧⎨=+⎩,解得:28kb=-⎧⎨=⎩,∴直线BC解析式为:y=-2x+8;(2)如图1,过点P作PG⊥AC,PE∥BC交AC于E,过点Q作HQ⊥AC,设△PBQ的面积为S,∵AB=CB,∴∠BAC=∠BCA,∵点Q横坐标为m,∴点Q(m,-2m+8)∴HQ=2m-8,CH=m-4,∵AP=CQ,∠BAC=∠BCA=∠QCH,∠AGP=∠QHC=90°,∴△AGP≌△CHQ(AAS),∴AG=HC=m-4,PG=HQ=2m-8,∵PE∥BC,∴∠PEA=∠ACB,∠EPF=∠CQF,∴∠PEA=∠PAE,∴AP=PE,且AP=CQ,∴PE=CQ,且∠EPF=∠CQF,∠PFE=∠CFQ,∴△PEF≌△QCF(AAS)∴S△PEF=S△QCF,∴△PBQ的面积=四边形BCFP的面积+△CFQ的面积=四边形BCFP的面积+△PEF的面积=四边形PECB的面积,∴S=S△ABC-S△PAE=12×8×8-12×(2m-8)×(2m-8)=16m-2m2;(3)如图2,连接AM,CM,过点P作PE⊥AC,∵AB=BC,BO⊥AC,∴BO是AC的垂直平分线,∴AM=CM,且AP=CQ,PM=MQ,∴△APM≌△CQM(SSS)∴∠PAM=∠MCQ,∠BQM=∠APM=45°,∵AM=CM,AB=BC,BM=BM,∴△ABM≌△CBM(SSS)∴∠BAM=∠BCM,∴∠BCM=∠MCQ,且∠BCM+∠MCQ=180°,∴∠BCM=∠MCQ=∠PAM=90°,且∠APM=45°,∴∠APM=∠AMP=45°,∴AP=AM,∵∠PAO+∠MAO=90°,∠MAO+∠AMO=90°,∴∠PAO=∠AMO,且∠PEA=∠AOM=90°,AM=AP,∴△APE≌△MAO(AAS)∴AE=OM,PE=AO=4,∴2m-8=4,∴m=6,∴P(-2,4).【点睛】本题是一次函数综合题,考查了待定系数法求解析式,全等三角形的判定和性质,等腰三角形的性质,添加恰当辅助线构造全等三角形是本题的关键.25.(1)45;(2)①见解析;②DF的长为2;(3)【分析】(1)根据平角的定义得到∠DFE+∠BEF=360°﹣90°=270°,根据角平分线的定义得到∠AFE=DFE,∠AEF=BEF,求得∠解析:(1)45;(2)①见解析;②DF的长为2;(3)15 7【分析】(1)根据平角的定义得到∠DFE+∠BEF=360°﹣90°=270°,根据角平分线的定义得到∠AFE=12∠DFE,∠AEF=12∠BEF,求得∠AEF+∠AFE=12(∠DFE+∠BEF),根据三角形的内角和定理即可得到结论;(2)①作AG⊥EF于G,如图1所示:则∠AGE=∠AGF=90°,先证明四边形ABCD是矩形,再由角平分线的性质得出AB=AD,即可得出四边形ABCD是正方形;②设DF=x,根据已知条件得到BC=6,由①得四边形ABCD是正方形,求得BC=CD=6,根据全等三角形的性质得到BE=EG=3,同理,GF=DF=x,根据勾股定理列方程即可得到结论;(3)把△PQH沿PQ翻折得△PQD,把△PRH沿PR翻折得△PRM,延长DQ、MR交于点G,由(1)(2)得:四边形PMGD是正方形,MR+DQ=QR,MR=HR,DQ=HQ=2,得出MG=DG=MP=PH=6,GQ=4,设MR=HR=a,则GR=6﹣a,QR=a+2,在Rt△GQR 中,由勾股定理得出方程,解方程即可.【详解】解:(1)∵∠C=90°,∴∠CFE+∠CEF=90°,∴∠DFE+∠BEF=360°﹣90°=270°,∵AF平分∠DFE,AE平分∠BEF,∴∠AFE=12∠DFE,∠AEF=12∠BEF,∴∠AEF +∠AFE =12(∠DFE +∠BEF )=12⨯270°=135°,∴∠EAF =180°﹣∠AEF ﹣∠AFE =45°, 故答案为:45;(2)①作AG ⊥EF 于G ,如图1所示:则∠AGE =∠AGF =90°, ∵AB ⊥CE ,AD ⊥CF , ∴∠B =∠D =90°=∠C , ∴四边形ABCD 是矩形,∵∠CEF ,∠CFE 外角平分线交于点A , ∴AB =AG ,AD =AG , ∴AB =AD ,∴四边形ABCD 是正方形; ②设DF =x , ∵BE =EC =3, ∴BC =6,由①得四边形ABCD 是正方形, ∴BC =CD =6,在Rt △ABE 与Rt △AGE 中,AB AGAE AE=⎧⎨=⎩ , ∴Rt △ABE ≌Rt △AGE (HL ), ∴BE =EG =3, 同理,GF =DF =x ,在Rt △CEF 中,EC 2+FC 2=EF 2, 即32+(6﹣x )2=(x +3)2, 解得:x =2, ∴DF 的长为2; (3)解:如图2所示:把△PQH沿PQ翻折得△PQD,把△PRH沿PR翻折得△PRM,延长DQ、MR交于点G,由(1)(2)得:四边形PMGD是正方形,MR+DQ=QR,MR=HR,DQ=HQ=2,∴MG=DG=MP=PH=5,∴GQ=3,设MR=HR=a,则GR=5﹣a,QR=a+2,在Rt△GQR中,由勾股定理得:(5﹣a)2+32=(2+a)2,解得:a=157,即HR=157;故答案为:157.【点睛】本题考查了正方形的判定与性质、全等三角形的判定与性质、角平分线的性质、勾股定理、矩形的判定、翻折变换的性质等知识;本题综合性强,有一定难度.。
八年级下册期末测试题(一).doc
B. AAC.aaD.以上都有可能A. Aa 八年级下册期末综合测试题(一)(时间:60分钟分数:100分)一、选择题(每题2分,共40分)【08湖南湘西】1.有一株优质梨树,要进行扩大种植。
最好采用下列哪一种方式?()A.播种B.压条C.嫁接D.抨插2.下列关于蝌蚪的说法,错误的是()A.蝌蚪的形态结构跟鱼很像B.蝌蚪在发育时可产生四肢C.蝌蚪有一时期用外鲤呼吸D.蝌蚪要经常浮出水面用肺呼吸3.在鸡的卵中,真正的卵细胞所包括的结构是()A.胚盘和细胞核B.胚盘、卵黄和紧包在卵黄外面的卵黄膜C.卵黄、卵白和内层卵壳膜D.整个鸡卵【08泉州】4.下列哪一组是人的相对性状?()A.单眼皮和双眼皮B.卷发与黑发C.双眼皮与色盲D.人的身高和体重【08苏州】5.下列关于人类遗传的叙述中,正确的是()A.正常的卵细胞染色体数目为46条B.肌肉细胞有23对染色体,即表示有23对基因C.人类正常的体细胞中有一对性染色体D.控制同一性状的两个基因位于同一条染色体上【08泰州】6.某男子将X染色体上的某一突变基因传给儿子的概率是()A. 0B. 25%C. 50%D. 100%【07四川内江】7.父亲的基因组成是AA,母亲的基因组成是aa,他们生出的孩子的基因组成应该是:()B.跳蚤D.蚊了【07广安】8.一只雌猫一次产了三只小猫,这三只小猫在毛色上不完全相同,则说 明物体具有()A.遗传性B.变异性C.进化性D.适应性【07广东佛山】9.有关生物进化的总趋势的叙述,不正确的是( )A.从水生到陆生B.从陆生到水生C.从简单到复杂D.从低等到高等10. 雄鹿争夺配偶的武器是鹿角,按照达尔文进化学说的观点,现代雄鹿鹿角发达的原 因是()A.经常使用的结果B.繁衍后代的需要C.保卫自己的需要D.自然选择的结果11. 生活在绿色草地上的昆虫,体色多为绿色,这种现象用达尔文进化论解释是( )A.环境影响B.有利变异C.人工选择D.适者生存[08福建漳州】12.医院使用一次性注射液,从预防传染病的角度分析,这是为了( )A.控制传染源B.切断传播途径C.保护易感人群D.使用方便【07临沂】13.接种卡介苗可以有效预防结核病,其作用机理是( )A. 卡介苗能激活人体的吞噬细胞,将结核杆菌吞噬B. 卡介苗能使人在不发病的情况下,产生抵抗结核杆菌的抗体C. 卡介苗能促进人体的各项生理活动,增强抵抗力D. 卡介苗进入人体后能直接消灭侵入人体内的结核杆菌 【08苏州】14.下列各组中,二者都属免疫器官的是() A.脾脏、溶菌酶 B.淋巴结、胸腺 C.淋巴细胞、脊髓D.脾脏、白细胞【08泰州】15.注射天花疫苗,可增强人体的( )A.特异性免疫B.非特异性免疫C.先天性免疫D.第二道防线16. 下列不属于病原体的是( )A.苍蝇 C.流感病毒 17.传染病传染性最强的时期一般是()A.发病初期无症状时B.发病初期有症状时C.发病症状明显时D.以上都不正确【08福建漳州】18.下列做法符合安全用药的是()A.生病后,到药店随便买些药服用B.服药前,仔细阅读药品使用说明书C.服药后,病情不好转就加倍服用D. 一不舒服,就立即使用抗生素19.在野外遇到轻微擦伤时,可用下列哪一种药水()A.牛黄解毒片B.阿司匹林C.布洛芬D.碘酒20.打“120”急救电话时,必须要说明的是()A.病人姓名B.病人性别C.详细地址D.病人症状二、填空题(每空1分,共25分)21.嫁接时,接穗插进砧木的楔形切口后,要用麻绳或塑料条捆紧扎好,目的是使接穗与砧木的紧密结合。
八年级下学期期末考试试卷第1套真题
八年级下学期期末考试试卷一、选择题1. 无论取什么数,总有意义的分式是()A .B .C .D .2. 若x=1,则x的值是A . 0B . 1C . 3D . 0或33. 如图所示,一次函数的图像可能是A .B .C .D .4. 为了调查某种小麦的长势,从中抽取了10株麦苗,测得苗高(单位:)为16,9,14,11,12,10,16,8,17,19,则这组数据的中位数和众数分别是()A . 11,11B . 12,11C . 13,11D . 13,165. 无论a取何值,关于x的函数y=﹣x+a2+1的图象都不经过()A . 第一象限B . 第二象限C . 第三象限D . 第四象限6. 如图,直线交坐标轴于、两点,则不等式的解集为()A .B .C .D .7. 如图,平行四边形ABCD的对角线AC、BD相交于点O,下列结论正确的是()A . S▱ABCD=4S△AOBB . AC=BDC . AC⊥BDD . ▱ABCD是轴对称图形8. 如图,将▱ABCD沿对角线AC折叠,使点B落在B′处,若∠1=∠2=44°,则∠B 为()A . 66°B . 104°C . 114°D . 124°二、填空题9. 用科学记数法表示:________.10. 根据如图所示的程序,当输入x=3时,输出的结果y=________.11. 若关于的方程无解,则的值为________.12. 现有甲、乙两支篮球队,每支球队队员身高的平均数均为1.85米,方差分别为,,则身高较整齐的球队是________队.13. 如图,□ABCD与□DCFE的周长相等,且∠BAD=60°,∠F=110°,则∠DAE 的度数为________°.14. 点A在双曲线y= 上,点B在双曲线y= (k≠0)上,AB∥x轴,分别过点A、B向x轴作垂线,垂足分别为D、C,若矩形ABCD的面积是8,则k的值为________.三、综合题15. 解方程:.16. 以下是小明化简分式的过程.解:原式①②③④(1)小明的解答过程在第________步开始出错;(2)请你帮助小明写出正确的解答过程,并计算当时分式的值.17. 甲、乙两个工程队合作完成一项工程,两队合做2天后由乙队单独做1天就完成了全部工程,已知乙队单独做所需的天数是甲队单独做所需天数的1.5倍,求甲、乙两队单独做各需多少天完成该项工程?18. 如图,,平分交于点,于点,交于点,连接,求证:四边形是菱形.19. 如图,点A,B,C,D 依次在同一条直线上,点E,F 分别在直线AD 的两侧,已知BE//CF,∠A=∠D,AE=DF.(1)求证:四边形BFCE 是平行四边形.(2)若AD=10,EC=3,∠EBD=60°,当四边形BFCE是菱形时,求AB 的长.20. 如图,在平面直角坐标系中,四边形ABCD是矩形,AD∥x轴,A (,),AB=1,AD=2.(1)直接写出B、C、D三点的坐标;(2)将矩形ABCD向右平移m个单位,使点A、C恰好同时落在反比例函数()的图象上,得矩形A′B′C′D′.求矩形ABCD的平移距离m和反比例函数的解析式.21. 我市某中学举行“中国梦•校园好声音”歌手大赛,高、初中部根据初赛成绩,各选出5名选手组成初中代表队和高中代表队参加学校决赛.两个队各选出的5名选手的决赛成绩如图所示.(1)根据图示填写下表;平均数(分)中位数(分)众数(分)初中部85高中部85100(2)结合两队成绩的平均数和中位数,分析哪个队的决赛成绩较好;(3)计算两队决赛成绩的方差并判断哪一个代表队选手成绩较为稳定.22. 如图,点E是正方形ABCD外一点,点F是线段AE上一点,△EBF是等腰直角三角形,其中∠EBF=90°,连接CE、CF.(1)求证:△ABF≌△CBE;(2)判断△CE F的形状,并说明理由.23. 某中学举行春季长跑比赛活动,小明从起点学校西门出发,途经市博物馆后按原路返还,沿比赛路线跑回终点学校西门.设小明离开起点的路程s(千米)与跑步时间t(分钟)之间的函数关系如图所示,其中从起点到市博物馆的平均速度是0.3千米/分钟,用时35分钟根据图象提供的信息,解答下列问题:(1)求图中的值,并求出所在直线方程;(2)组委会在距离起点2.1千米处设立一个拍摄点,小明从第一次过点到第二次经过点所用的时间为68分钟①求所在直线的函数解析式;②该运动员跑完赛程用时多少分钟?24. 定义:对于给定的两个函数,任取自变量x的一个值,当x<0时,它们对应的函数值互为相反数;当x⩾0时,它们对应的函数值相等,我们称这样的两个函数互为相关函数。
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第二学期期末八年级物理摸底考试试卷(90分钟)班级姓名2010.6注意:所有答案请写在答题卡上相应的位置一、单项选择题:下列各题的四个选项中,只有一个符合题意。
(每题2分,共30分。
错选、多选、不选,该题不得分。
)1.图中,采用增大压强的实例是2.下列事例中,目的为了增大摩擦的是A.在机械的传动部分加装滚珠轴承B.气垫船行驶时在船体与水面间形成一层空气C.给自行车的轴加润滑油D.在自行车把套上做出凹凸花纹3.青藏铁路已全线贯通,即将投入运营的高原列车有完善的供氧系统和完备的医疗应急系统,这样做是因为A.高原空气稀薄,大气压强小 B.高原空气稀薄,大气压强大C.高原空气稠密,大气压强小 D.高原空气稠密,大气压强大4.运动员跑到终点后,不能立即停下来。
这是因为A.运动员失去了惯性 B.运动员具有惯性C.运动员不受力的作用 D.运动员的惯性大于阻力5.你估计目前大多数中学生的体重大约是A.5000N B.500N C.50N D.5N6、下列物体中,正在受到平衡力作用的是A、正从地面腾空而起的火箭B、竖直向上抛出的石子C、沿光滑斜坡滚下的小球D、在水平直路上匀速行驶的汽车7.李明同学站在水平地面上,对地面的压力为F1,压强为p1;抬起一只脚时对地面的压力为F2,压强为p2,则下列判断中正确的是A.F1=F2 ;p1= p2B.F1= 12F2 ;p1= p2C.F1= F2 ;p1= 12p2D.F1=F2 ;p1=2 p28.下图的各现象中能说明气体的压强跟流速有关的是9.运动员将足球从后场踢到前场,足球在空中运动过程中,不计空气阻力,其受力的情况是A .只受踢力B .只受重力C .受踢力和重力D .不受力的作用 10.李明和王聪做了如下实验:他们分别把一木块和一铁块同时浸没在水中,松手后发现木块上浮,铁块下沉。
下面说法是他们的观点,其中正确的是A .木块受到的浮力比铁块受到的浮力大B .铁块受到的浮力比木块受到的浮力大C .木块受到的浮力大于木块的重力,铁块受到的浮力小于铁块的重力D .密度大的物体下沉,密度小的物体上浮11. 如图所示,容器内a ,b ,c ,d ,四处所受液体压强相比较A . a b c d p p p p >>=B .a d c b p p p p >>>C .a c b d p p p p =>>D .a b c d p p p p >==12.浸没水中的潜水艇下潜到水下200m 深处的过程中,海水对它的A .压强增大,浮力增大B .压强增大,浮力不变C .压强、浮力都不变D .压强逐渐增大,浮力先变大后保持不变13.如图所示,在水槽中有体积相等的甲、乙两个小球。
甲球漂浮在水面,乙球悬浮在水中。
它们受到的浮力分别为F 甲和F 乙;它们的密度分别为ρ甲和ρ乙。
下列关于甲、乙受到的浮力和它们的密度的说法,正确的是A .F 甲>F 乙,ρ甲>ρ乙B .F 甲<F 乙,ρ甲<ρ乙C .F 甲>F 乙,ρ甲<ρ乙D .F 甲<F 乙,ρ甲>ρ乙14.如图1所示,用细绳将一物体系在容器底部,若物体所受浮力为10N ,上表面受到水向下的压力为4N ,则物体下表面受到水向上的压力为A .4NB .6NC .14ND .7N向两纸片中间吹气,纸片合拢用吸管吸饮料,饮料上升吸盘上挂毛巾,毛巾不掉用滴管取液体,液体不落B CD A 吹气 ↓↓甲乙图1 图215.大军将一支密度计分别放入两种不同的液体中,如图2所示。
若两种液体的密度分别ρ甲、ρ乙,静止时密度计所受浮力分别为F甲、F乙,则A.ρ甲>ρ乙F甲=F乙B.ρ甲<ρ乙F甲>F乙C.ρ乙>ρ甲F甲<F乙D.ρ乙>ρ甲F甲=F乙二、多项选择题:下列各题的四个选项中,符合题意的选项均多于一个。
(每题3分,共6分。
漏选得2分,多选、错选、不选,该题不得分。
)16 .下列说法正确的是A甲物体对乙物体施加力的同时,甲物体也一定受到了力的作用B相互平衡的两个力,这两个力的三要素可能相同C做匀速直线运动的汽车受到的合力一定为零D一个物体受到力的作用,它的运动状态一定改变17.下列情况中,为了增大压强的是A.鞋底刻有花纹.B.图钉尖进入墙时要用力按.C.钢轨下面铺上枕木.D.用钝了的刀,磨磨刀口可以变锋利了.三、填空题(每空1分,共24分)18、压强定义式(固体),液体压强计算公式:,1标准大气压相当于mmHg产生的压强,值为Pa。
19、计算浮力方法有:(1)称重法:F浮= ,(G是物体受到重力,F是物体浸入液体中弹簧秤的读数)(2)压力差法:F浮=(3)阿基米德原理:F浮= =(4)平衡法F浮= (适合漂浮、悬浮)20.李明同学用30N水平力把重50N的木块按压在竖直墙上,则墙受到的压力为N;若接触面积为10cm2,则墙壁受到的压强为________Pa。
21、已知人体的密度与水相近,若将人体近似看作为一个圆柱体,由此可估算出身高为1.7m的人直立时对水平地面的压强约为________Pa。
(g取10N/Kg)22、一个重5N的木块漂浮在水面上,它受到的浮力为 N。
23、弹簧测力计下吊着重为15N的金属块,当金属块浸没在水中时,弹簧测力计的示数为10N,该金属块受到的浮力为_____N;若金属块与容器底部紧密接触,则该金属块受到的浮力_____N。
24、一条货船在黄河中航行时,浸在水中的体积是30m3,船受到的浮力为____________N。
(g 取10 N/kg )。
25、死海是世界著名的咸水湖,当人完全浸入死海时,人受到的浮力______人受到的重力,所以人就会自然向上浮起,当人浮在海面上时,人受到的浮力______人受到的重力。
(选填“大于”“小于”或“等于”)26、一艘轮船的排水量为20000t ,它的自重 9.8×107N ,它可以装载 Kg 的货物。
27.在河流上修建拦河坝时,为了保证航道的畅通,人们修筑了船闸,这是利用了 原理。
28.如图3所示,排球运动员拦网时球被挡回去,这说明力可以改变物体的_______________。
29.图4是某次模拟托里拆利实验中小明测量的几个数据,由实验可知,当时当地的大气压值是 cm 水银柱。
图3 图430、氢气球体积为1000m 3,球壳和吊兰、氢气总重2900N ,空气密度为1.29 kg/m3,则最多可载_______N 的货物31.已知长方体A 、B 的重力之比为4∶9。
将B 放在水平地面上,A 叠放在B 上面,如图甲所示,B 对地面的压强为p B 。
若把B 叠放在A 上面,如图乙所示,B 对A 的压强为p B ',则 p B :p B '=_______四、作图与实验探究题(作图每题2分,探究题每空1分总计24分)32.在图5中,物体A 重20N ,根据给出的标度,作出物体A 受到重力的图示。
33.如图6,把A 吊在弹簧测力计下浸入水中,画出物体A 所受浮力的示意图。
图5 图634.在研究“影响滑动摩擦力大小的因素”时(如图所示),应使木块在弹簧测力计的拉力作用下做__________运动,此时拉力与滑动摩擦力是一对____________力(选填“平衡”或“相互作用”)。
A比较图______和图_____中的弹簧测力计示数可知,接触面粗糙程度相同时,压力越大,滑动摩擦力越大。
35.在建立压强概念时,做了如图所示“影响压力作 用效果”的实验。
(1)甲、乙两图所示的实验说明受力面积一定时, ________越大,压力的作用效果越明显; (2) 两图所示的实验说明压力一定时,受力面积越小,压力的作用效果越明显; (3)根据(1)、(2)的结果可以看出,压力的作用效果跟 和 有关。
36、某同学使用水和酒精(ρ酒精=O.8×lO 3kg /m 3做“研究液体内部压强规律”的实验,实验记录的数据如右表。
(1)分析表中l 、2、3或4、5、6次实验的数据可看出 . (2)对比表中l 、4或2、5或3、6 两次实验的数据可看出37.如图所示是小明在学习浮力时,在课上做的几个探究性实验的主要操作情景。
请根据图示回答下列问题:(弹簧测力计每一小格表示0.5N 。
)由此可以得出的结论是:浸在液体中的物体受到向上的浮力,浮力的大小等于_______________________________。
38.小明为了解家中高压锅烧水时的最高温度,他测量了高压锅出气孔的横截面积(S =1.6× 10-5m 2)和压在出气孔上的安全阀的质量(m =80g ),并从物理手册上得到了如图21所示的水的沸点随气压变化的图象。
根据图像可知,锅内气压越高,沸点_________。
39、现有两个完全相同的容器,分别盛有适量的水和浓盐水。
为鉴别这两种液体,某探究小组的同学设计了甲、乙两种方案,如图所示,并最终得出了结论。
(1)通过方案甲的比较可知(a )图中装的是盐水,判断依据是: 。
(2)通过方案乙的比较可知(d )图中装的是盐水,判断依据是: 。
五、简答、计算题(33题3分;34题3分、35题4分、36每题6分;总计16分) 40.一艘轮船从河里驶入海里后,会浮起来一些,为什么?(已知海水的密度大于河水的密度)41、把体积是0.001m 3的铁球挂在弹簧秤上,若将铁球浸没在水中,求:铁球受到的浮力.1 2 3 4 5p /105Pa (a ) (b )(c ) (d )方案甲方案乙AA42.如图22是法国科学家帕斯卡在1648年做的一个实验,他用一个封闭的木桶,桶内装满水,上面插一根很细的管子。
他从楼房的阳台向管中灌水时,只用了几杯水,桶就被撑破了。
根据图中所标出的数据,求管中装满水时: (1)水对桶底产生的压强是多大?(2)若桶底底面积为1000cm 2,水对桶底产生的压力是多大?43、考古工作者要打捞沉在河底的一块古代石碑,他们先潜入水下清理石碑周围的淤泥,然后在石碑上绑一条绳子,拉动绳子提起石碑.如果石碑的质量为80kg ,在水中匀速提起时所需拉力为480N .求(1)石碑在水中受到的浮力(2)石碑的密度.(设河水的密度为1.0×103kg/m 3;)以下为草稿纸图22 3.4m。