antonymy

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2．加强语势。起强调作用。 构成矛盾关系的两个词一般属于修饰和被修饰的关系， 所以往往强调了被修饰词．例如： An atmosphere of dangerous calm could be felt throughout the mining region. 为了渲染气氛．加强语势，作者用dangerous来修饰calm， 给人以一种很不平静的感觉，从而使这种“平静”得到了强调，给人一种身临其 境的强烈感受
• Eg:
• When there is need of silence, you speak, and when there is need of speech, you are dumb; when you are present, you wish to be absent, and when absent, you desire to be present; in peace you are for war, and in war you long for peace; in council you descant on bravery, and in the battle you tremble.
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Relational opposites
• In linguistics, the term relational oppositeness refers to the relationship between two words which seem to be opposites of each other but in fact actually imply each other. • 互补词即“关系反义词”（relational opposites），指一 个词在一个语义场范围里与其它相关的词形成对照，互为 补充。 • 关系对立词(relational opposites)指两个属性是相向的(甲 乙相向)，譬如：师生、买卖，甲对乙来说是师，乙对甲来 说是生，甲对乙来说是买，乙对甲来说是卖。
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• Antithesis is sometimes double or alternate
• Listen, young men, to an old man to whom old men were glad to listen when he was young.
• Some other examples of antithesis are:
Rhetorical Values of Antonym
• Antithesis 对仗
• is a counter-proposition and denotes a direct contrast to the original proposition. In setting the opposite, an individual brings out a contrast in the meaning
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2 adj. + adj. • sour-sweet days酸甜的日子 • cold pleasant manner 冷淡热情的态度 • bitter-sweet memories 苦甜参半的回忆 • poor rich guys 贫穷的富人 • bad good news 坏的好消息 • my wonderful lousy poem 我绝妙的糟诗 • a miserable, merry Christmas 又悲又喜的圣诞节 3 adv. + adj. • falsely true words 虚伪诚实的话 • a wisely stupid idea 自作聪明的傻主意 • a mercifully fatal blow 仁慈的致命打击 • He was conspicuously absent at the party. 他引人注目地未出席会议。 4 n. + n. • a love-hate relationship 又爱又恨的关系 2012-12-16 • a life-and-death struggle 生死存亡的斗争
• A) Man proposes, God disposes. B) Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice. C) Many are called, but few are chosen. D) Rude words bring about sadness, but kind words inspire joy.
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பைடு நூலகம்
Complementary Antonyms.
• the denial of one member of the pair implies the assertion of the other.
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List of Complementary Antonyms
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • answer aunt before boy brother crooked daughter dead deep dirty empty fantasy hire ignite in insane join question uncle after girl sister straight son alive shallow clean full reality fire extinguish out sane separate
• Rhetorical Values of Antonym
2
Gradable antonymy
• there are often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair.
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List of Graded Antonyms
Note: The difference between paradox and oxymoron In paradox, it is sentence meaning that is contradictory（句子含义矛盾）; In oxymoron, it is words meaning that is contradictory（词汇含义矛盾）.
1 adj. + n. 1) proud humility 骄傲的谦卑 2) present participle → adj. speaking silence 千言万语的沉默 3) past participle → adj. long-lived death 永生的死亡 4) The mother is undergoing the joyful pain, and the painful joy of childbirth. 这位母亲正经受着分娩时那种欢乐的痛苦和痛苦的欢乐。
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The Function of Oxymoron
1．形成鲜明生动的对比，给人以深刻的印象。例如：
He sat in the square and washed them．so changelessly changing, so bright and dark, so grave and gay． changelessly与change是意思相反的两个词，表面上看好像风马牛不相 及，但经推敲后，我们不但不觉得矛盾，反而觉得入情入理。作者需 要描写的正是这种“既始终如一，又变化多端”的景色。
male mother natural noise on push raise reward identical sharp solid sunny tight true wet yes
female father artificial quiet off pull lower punish different dull liquid cloudy loose false dry no
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Oxymoron矛盾修辞法
• An oxymoron is a figure of speech that combines contradictory terms. Oxymoron appear in a variety of contexts, including inadvertent errors such as ground pilot and literary oxymorons crafted to reveal a paradox.
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . abundant always aromatic bad best big black bravery city clumsy dark difficult early excellent exciting expensive
scarce never stinks good worst little white cowardice country agile light easy late mediocre boring cheap flood freedom friend full generous gorgeous gruff hairy happy healthy heavy joy knowledge laugh lazy love morning narrow drought tyranny enemy empty stingy ugly cheerful bald sad sick light sorrow ignorance cry energetic hate night wide
Antonymy
From g8 2012.12.16
Antonymy
• words that are opposite in meaning.
• There three kind of oppositeness:
• 1 Gradable antonymy
• 2 Complementary antonymy • 3 Relational opposites
7
Relational opposites
• List of Relational Opposites • Own and Belong are relational opposites i.e. "A owns B" is the same as "B belongs to A." • Win and lose i.e. if someone wins, someone must lose. • Fraction and Whole i.e. if there is a fraction, there must be a whole. • Above and Below • Employer and Employee • Parent and Child • Teacher and Student • Buy and Sell • East and West • Husband and Wife • Predator and Prey • Lend and Borrow • Offense and Defense • Slave and Master 2012-12-16
5 adv. + present participle • changelessly changing 不变地变化 • deliciously aching 令人愉快地疼痛 6 v. + adv. • shine darkly 暗淡地发光 • die merrily 快乐地死去 • hasten slowly 慢慢地快起来 • groan loudly 大声地呻吟 7 of-phrase • the feather of lead 铅铸的羽毛 • the sound of silence 沉默的声音