新GRE_ISSUE题库分类(新老对比)改
新GRE中Issue分类,合并以及翻译
教育类：第1组：通才VS专才（6，14，96，116）A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
（13，46，70，102，112，140）Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。
（24，29，52）The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.教育的最佳方式是赞扬积极的行为，忽视消极的行为。
37Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.社会应该甄别那些天资聪颖的孩子，并且年幼的时候就开始提供训练培养它们的才能。
54In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.为了成为全面发展的个体，应该要求所有的大学生选择可以阅读诗歌、小说、神话等想象力文学的课程。
GRE ISSUE题目分类
GRE ISSUE题目分类第一类社会类2．"Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."3．"It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."9．"Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."15"The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremes of human behavior."16"Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals."17"There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."19"If a society is to thrive, it must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens."20"National governments should devote more of their social programs and services to children than to adults."22"Many people believe that a few individuals or small groups (family, friends, teachers, celebrities, for example) have caused them to think and behave in the way they do. Yet it is always society as a whole that defines us and our attitudes, not a few individuals."23"Contemporary technology makes available many small pieces of factual information. As a result, people have become so preoccupied with bits of fragmented information that they pay too little attention to the larger issues and overall perspectives."29"Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expect people to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a public role, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy."33"Creating an appealing image has become more important in contemporary society than is the reality or truth behind that image."36"The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."40"Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to thelarger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem."41"Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science."46"While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation."47"Society does not place enough emphasis on the intellect—that is, on reasoning and other cognitive skills."58"The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves."61"High-profile awards such as the Nobel Prize are actually damaging to society because they suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition."65"People have been so encouraged by society to focus on apparent differences that they fail to see meaningful similarities among ideas, individuals, and groups."70"In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership."72"One can best understand the most important characteristics of a society by studying its major cities."76"Truly profound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of step with their time and their society."77"People today are too individualistic. Instead of pursuing self-centered, separate goals, people need to understand that satisfaction comes from working for the greater good of the family, the community, or society as a whole."89"Leaders are created primarily by the demands that are placed upon them."93"The concept of 'individual responsibility' is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making."113"It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves."120"So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present."126"Society's external rewards are no measure of true success. True success can be measured only inrelation to the goals one sets for oneself."133"The problems of modern society have led many people to complain: 'We live in terrible times.' Yet, given the choice, no one today would prefer to live in any other time."140"What society has thought to be its greatest social, political, and individual achievements have often resulted in the greatest discontent."142"The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority."149"The most practical and effective way to protect wilderness areas is to attract more tourists to these areas through environmentally sensitive projects."152"The only responsibility of corporate executives, provided they stay within the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies."160"The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little."170"The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people."171"People who pursue their own intellectual interests for purely personal reasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are people who try to act for the public good."174"Laws should not be rigid or fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places."178"It is possible to pass laws that control or place limits on people's behavior, but legislation cannot reform human nature. Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts and minds."180"Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated."185"Scandals—whether in politics, academia, or other areas—can be useful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could."193"It is not the headline-making political events but the seldom-reported social tranformations that have the most lasting significance."198"Instead of encouraging conformity, society should show greater appreciation of individual differences."203"The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men andwomen that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines."220"The increase in knowledge is forcing people to specialize. As a result, the distance between fields of specialization has become so vast that specialists in different areas are rarely able to influence each other."242"Societies should try to save every plant and animal species, regardless of the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being."244"Most societies do not take their greatest thinkers seriously, even when they claim to admire them."第二类行为类12"People's attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by any internal characteristic."18"Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea."21"Reform is seldom brought about by people who are concerned with their own reputation and social standing. Those who are really in earnest about reforming a government, an educational system, or any other institution must be willing to be viewed with disdain by the rest of the world."25"Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite direction—in other words, to make things as simple as possible."27"No one can possibly achieve success in the world by conforming to conventional practices and conventional ways of thinking."31"Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial."35"No matter what the situation, it is more harmful to compromise one's beliefs than to adhere to them."37"In most societies, competition generally has more of a negative than a positive effect."62"The widespread idea that people should make self-improvement a primary goal in their lives is problematic because it assumes that people are intrinsically deficient."64"Many people know how to attain success, but few know how to make the best use of it."68"People make the mistake of treating experts with suspicion and mistrust, no matter how valuable their contributions might be."71"Spending time alone makes one a better companion to others."74"The most effective way to communicate an idea or value to large groups of people is through the use of images, not language."75"The people who make important contributions to society are generally not those who develop their own new ideas, but those who are most gifted at perceiving and coordinating the talents and skills of others."81"Patriotic reverence for the history of a nation often does more to impede than to encourage progress."84"In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field."86"Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition."87"In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries."91"Most people think that their deeply held values are the result of rational choice, but reason often has little to do with the way people form values."95"People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamwork requires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual competition does."99"In any realm of life—whether academic, social, business, or political—the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic, point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options."118"In any field of endeavor—the sciences, the humanities, the social sciences, industry, etc.—it is not the attainment of a goal that matters, but rather the ideas and discoveries that are encountered on the way to the goal."121"At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species."127"Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions."136"The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare."137"What we call progress is a matter of exchanging one problem for another."139"Every new generation needs to redefine 'right' and 'wrong' in its own terms and according to the conditions of its own time."141"Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is that personal economic successrequires conformity."145"A crucial test of character is whether one is able to adapt to changing social conventions without sacrificing one's principles."146"People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are the most critical of it."148"Many people admire idealism, but it usually leads to disappointment or trouble."156"Choice is an illusion. In reality, our lives are controlled by the society in which we live."157"There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires."162"One often hears about the need for individuals to take responsibility for their own lives. However, the conditions in which people find themselves have been largely established long before people become aware of them. Thus, the concept of personal responsibility is much more complicated and unrealistic than is often assumed."163"Most people live, whether physically or morally, in a very restricted circle. They make use of a very limited portion of the resources available to them until they face a great problem or crisis."165"In any given field, the leading voices come from people who are motivated not by conviction but by the desire to present opinions and ideas that differ from those held by the majority."168"Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field."175"It is always an individual who is the impetus for innovation; the details may be worked out by a team, but true innovation results from the enterprise and unique perception of an individual."182"It is dangerous to trust only intelligence."184"It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data."186"Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today's world."187"It is easy to welcome innovation and accept new ideas. What most people find difficult, however, is accepting the way these new ideas are put into practice."188"Success, whether academic or professional, involves an ability to survive in a new environment and, eventually, to change it."192"Success in any realm of life comes more often from taking chances or risks than from careful andcautious planning."194"The best preparation for life or a career is not learning to be competitive, but learning to be cooperative."199"Truly innovative ideas do not arise from groups of people, but from individuals. When groups try to be creative, the members force each other to compromise and, as a result, creative ideas tend to be weakened and made more conventional. Most original ideas arise from individuals working alone."206"People are too quick to take action; instead they should stop to think of the possible consequences of what they might do."208"The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a society's ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people."209"Progress is best made through discussion among people who have contrasting points of view."210"Most people choose a career on the basis of such pragmatic considerations as the needs of the economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and the salary they can expect to make. Hardly anyone is free to choose a career based on his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind of work."211"Any decision-whether made by government, by a corporation, or by an individual person-must take into account future conditions more than present conditions."212"If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable."216"Most important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another."225"People often look for similarities, even between very different things, and even when it is unhelpful or harmful to do so. Instead, a thing should be considered on its own terms; we should avoid the tendency to compare it to something else."226"People are mistaken when they assume that the problems they confront are more complex and challenging than the problems faced by their predecessors. This illusion is eventually dispelled with increased knowledge and experience."231" 'Moderation in all things' is ill-considered advice. Rather, one should say, 'Moderation in most things,' since many areas of human concern require or at least profit from intense focus."234"Most people prefer restrictions and regulations to absolute freedom of choice, although they would probably deny such a preference."235"Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty—whether to one's friends, to one's school orplace of employment, or to any institution—is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force."236"Encouraging young people to believe that they can accomplish great things if they try hard enough is both misleading and potentially harmful."238"Conformity almost always leads to a deadening of individual creativity and energy."239"Much of the information that people assume is 'factual' actually turns out to be inaccurate. Thus, any piece of information referred to as a 'fact' should be mistrusted since it may well be proven false in the future."240"Although it is easy to respond positively to the work of another person or group, it is far more worthwhile to give negative feedback."第三类教育5"A nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer."32"A school or college should pay its teachers at the same rate in all disciplines, regardless of differences in salaries for related fields in the world outside of school. For example, entry-level teachers in mathematics and in the arts should receive the same pay, even if outside of school, math specialists earn a much higher salary on average than do specialists in the arts."34"Instead of requiring students to take courses in a variety of disciplines—that is, courses ranging from the arts and the humanities to the physical and biological sciences—colleges and universities should allow students to enroll only in those courses that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields. Such concentration is necessary in today's increasingly work-oriented society."39"The intellectual benefits of attending a university or college are vastly overrated: most people could learn more by studying and reading on their own for four years than by pursuing a university or college degree."50"In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."51"Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student."52"Education encourages students to question and criticize, and therefore does little to promote social harmony."53"College and university education should be free for all students, fully financed by the government." 55"Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education."67"Colleges should require students to engage in public-service activities in order to assure that each student receives a balanced, well-rounded education."78"Schools should be required to teach the essential interconnectedness of all human beings and thus help eliminate wars, cultural clashes, and other forms of conflict."80"All students should be required to take courses in the sciences, even if they have no interest in science."90"College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than seek programs that promise entry into the job market."94"Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated."98"Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music, film, advertising, and television because contemporary culture has much greater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past."100"The pressure to achieve high grades in school seriously limits the quality of learning. An educational environment without grades would promote more genuine intellectual development."102"For better or worse, education is a process that involves revising the ideas, beliefs, and values people held in the past."104"It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears."106"All students should be required to take at least one course in ethics, even if taking the course means a decreased emphasis on academic subjects."112"Some educational systems emphasize the development of students' capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions."128"It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free."130"How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."132"The university community consists of three different worlds—the sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences. Because each world operates on its own assumptions and has its own special habits of thinking, rarely is there meaningful interaction among the sciences, the humanities, and the socialsciences."134"Students should be encouraged to realize that mental agility and rhetorical skill must be accompanied by sincerity and the true conviction of their own beliefs."153"Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively."154"Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators."191"Education should be equally devoted to enriching the personal lives of students and to training students to be productive workers."201"The purpose of education should be to provide students with a value system, a standard, a set of ideas—not to prepare them for a specific job."213"Too much emphasis has been placed on the need for students to challenge the assertions of others. In fact, the ability to compromise and work with others—that is, the ability to achieve social harmony—should be a major goal in every school."214"Society should identify those children who have special talents and abilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can eventually excel in their areas of ability. Otherwise, these talents are likely to remain undeveloped."222"Learning for learning's sake is an outdated concept. Today, education must serve an ulterior purpose and be directed toward clear goals."223"Education is primarily a personal matter; it has little to do with school or college."228"The best way to teach—whether as an educator, employer, or parent—is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones."230"College students—and people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions. Therefore, colleges should eliminate as many choices as possible in order to offer students clear direction."232"The purpose of education should be to create an academic environment that is separate from the outside world. This kind of environment is ideal because it allows students to focus on important ideas without being held back by practical concerns."第四类科技7．"The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records."30"The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time."66"As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate."69"Government should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development"88"Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics."107"Instant communication systems encourage people to form hasty opinions and give quick replies rather than take the time to develop thoughtful, well-reasoned points of view."114"Humanity has made little real progress over the past century or so. Technological innovations have taken place, but the overall condition of humanity is no better. War, violence, and poverty are still with us. Technology cannot change the condition of humanity."115"It is through the use of logic and of precise, careful measurement that we become aware of our progress. Without such tools, we have no reference points to indicate how far we have advanced or retreated."119"When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is: How many people's lives will be improved if the results are successful?"124"Instant foods, instant communication, faster transportation-all of these recent developments are designed to save time. Ironically, though, instead of making more leisure time available, these developments have contributed to a pace of human affairs that is more rushed and more frantic than ever before."129"Technology is a necessary but not always a positive force in modern life."135"While most of the environmental problems we face result from the use of technology, society must depend upon technology to find solutions to these problems."150"Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can now become familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon become obsolete."151"High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail and television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication."155"Contemporary society offers so many ways of learning that reading books is no longer very important."159"The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human。
新老GRE填空最全对比分析
新老GRE填空最全对比分析新GRE填空题量大、题目难，也是GRE考试中的重中之重，为了使得广大考生能够更好的备考这部分内容，今天为大家准备了新GRE填空的详细解析。
下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
题目难度改变不大新老GRE填空最全对比分析1、有无老题题干改编题目?虽然OG官方指南中明显有诸多来自于老G题库的题目，但是笔者近日参考的3个语文部分中的约30道填空题中，均无来自于老题题干改编的题目。
但是这并不意味着，填空题是以一种全新的模式出现，相反，虽然题干内容与老G无重合之处，但是所有题目的解题逻辑无一例外仍然全部集中在老G填空的逻辑关系范围之内，仍然以常考的手段目的结果关系，条件关系，解释说明关系，转折关系等为主导题型。
2、两空篇章填空题目的题干是否比老G明显变长?笔者参考的3个Verbal部分的填空题型分布概况如下一空五选一的题型在每个部分当中均是2道题，三空题在一个section当中出现个数为1-2题;两空题目出现个数为2-3题，较为固定的一空六选二(Sentence Equivalence)都是每个section包含4道题目。
其中两空题的题干并没有明显变长，仍然和老G长度不相上下，同时其内部的逻辑关系也仍然清楚明朗;另外值得注意的是，虽然两个空对应的选项独立，但是依旧存在两空联动的题型。
三空题的题干有短有长，约50-70words.另外值得一题的是三空题也不尽然都是难题，其中也存在语言点较为简单且逻辑关系明显的题目，值得考生在考试策略上注意。
3、涵盖的词汇量是否超出老G填空题目范围?笔者参考的所有填空题中的词汇95%%u90FD在红宝书(《GRE(课程)词汇精选》)之内，但同时也出现了部分不常见的单词(但是可以根据词根猜出大意)，并且题干中也如官方指南中的样题一样出现了一些复合词，但是这部分单词的意思基本上也能由构词法等知识并联系题干的上下文猜出意思，即使无法判断出来准确的意思，也不至于影响做题，以为题干当中仍然有其他解题的线索。
新gre_issue_6种introduction_题目分类
每種寫作指示之撰寫要領不同，可針對這六類各挑幾題來練習。
I. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. (54/149)1. As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. (1)2. To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities. (1)9. In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field. (1)11. People’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making. (1)17. Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free. (1)18. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.21. Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.24. The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones. (1)26. The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.27. In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.28. The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people. (1)33. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.34. In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.38. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.41. The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.42. Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.43. The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves. (1)45. Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education. (1)53. If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable. (1)55. In order for any work of art—for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people. (1)56. Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another. (1)57. The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times. (1)58. Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by school or college alone. (1)62. Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them. (1)63. There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts—especially at a great cost in money and jobs—to save endangered animal or plant species. (1)64. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds. (1)66. People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the most critical of it. (1)71. Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition. (1)74. Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. (1)75. In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. (1)76. We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own. (1)77. The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth. (1)78. People’s attitudes are determined more by their immediate situatio n or surroundings than by society as a whole. (1)91. The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people’s efficiency so that they have more leisure time. (1)93. Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image. (1)101. Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too oftendistract from real learning. (1)103. The best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things. (1)106. In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge. (1)107. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. (1)108. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field. (1)112. Requiring university students to take a variety of courses outside their major fields of study is the best way to ensure that students become truly educated. (1)114. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little. (1)115. Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people whom they serve. (1)116. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. (1)117. It is primarily in cities that a nation’s cultur al traditions are generated and preserved. 118. We can learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own. (1)119. When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings. (1)124. All college and university students would benefit from spending at least one semester studying in a foreign country. (1)137. Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. (1)141. It is more harmful to compromise one’s own beliefs than to adhere to them. (1) 143. No field of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field. (1)144. True success can be measured primarily in terms of the goals one sets for oneself. 146. The best test of an argument is the argument’s ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint. (1)147. The effectiveness of a country’s leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country’s citizens. (1)II. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position. (24/149)3. Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. (1)4. Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could. (1)13. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study. (1)15. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers. (1)29. The best way to teach—whether as an educator, employer, or parent—is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones. (1)30. Teachers’ salaries should be based on their students’ academic performance. (1)32. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. (1)65. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws. (1)84. It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. (1) 94. The effectiveness of a country’s leaders is best measured by e xamining the well-being of that country’s citizens. (1)95. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children’s schools. (1)96. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. (1)97. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country. (1)99. People’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making. (1) 104. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. (1)110. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field. (1)111. In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. (1)122. The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models. (1)123. The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition. 126. In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge. (1)127. The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general well-being of all its people. (1)136. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful. (1)145. The general welfare of a nation’s people is a better indication of that nation’s greatness than are the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. (1)148. Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state. (1)III. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based. (19/149)5. Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive. Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation’s cultural traditions are preserved and generated. (1)8. Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership. (1)22. Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models. Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society’s highest ideals. (1)40. Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students. Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying. (1)44. Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero. Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished. (1)49. Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own. Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning. (1)70. Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s major field of study. Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academicdisciplines is the best way to become truly educated. (1)79. Claim: The best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint. Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea. (1)87. Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future. Reason: Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate. (1)88. Claim: Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed. Reason: It is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—to use public resources to fund the arts when people’s basic needs are not being met. (1)89. Claim: Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system. Reason: Laws cannot change what is in people’s hearts or minds. (1)105. Claim: Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. Reason: People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible without the constraints of established habits and attitudes. (1)113. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people. (1)120. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Reason: Great achievements by a nation’s rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation’s people. (1)131. Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application. Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty. (1)133. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. Reason: The world today is significantly more complex than it was even in the relatively recent past. (1)134. Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both. (1)139. Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts. Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public. (1)142. Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students. Reason: Collegestudents—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions. (1)IV. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position. (24/149)6. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. (1)19. Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future. (1)23. Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development. (1)25. Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students. (1)36. Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear. (1)37. Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents. (1)39. College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs. (1)46. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study. (1)47. Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them. (1)48. Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. (1)50. Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve. (1)51. Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition. (1)52. The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones. (1)54. In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types ofimaginative literature. (1)59. Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people. (1)60. Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusive ideals. (1)61. People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered its consequences. (1)80. Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed. (1)81. All parents should be required to volunteer time to their chi ldren’s schools. (1)82. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country. (1)83. Teachers’ salaries should be based on the academic performance of their students. (1) 90. Educators shoul d take students’ interests into account when planning the content of the courses they teach. (1)92. Educators should base their assessment of students’ learning not on students’ grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.(1)129. College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. (1)V. Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented. (16/149)7. Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts. (1)16. Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. (1)20. Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. (1)67. Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being. Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species. (1)68. Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. Others believe that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free. (1)69. Some people believe it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed. (1)85. Some people believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that the well-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people. (1)86. Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgment. (1)109. Some people believe that scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world around us. Others believe that science has revealed to us that the world is infinitely more complex than we ever realized. (1)121. Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation is great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general welfare of all its people. (1)125. Some people claim that a nation’s government should preserve its wilderness areas in their natural state. Others argue that these areas should be developed for potential economic gain. (1)128. Some people argue that successful leaders in government, industry, or other fields must be highly competitive. Other people claim that in order to be successful, a leader must be willing and able to cooperate with others. (1)130. Some people believe that corporations have a responsibility to promote the well-being of the societies and environments in which they operate. Others believe that the only responsibility of corporations, provided they operate within the law, is to make as much money as possible. (1)132. Some people believe that our ever-increasing use of technology significantly reduces our opportunities for human interaction. Other people believe that technology provides us with new and better ways to communicate and connect with one another. (1) 138. Some people believe that competition for high grades motivates students to excel in the classroom. Others believe that such competition seriously limits the quality of reallearning. (1)140. Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outs ide the student’s field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields. (1)VI. Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position. (12/149)10. Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain. (1)12. Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition. (1)14. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. (1)31. Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities. (1)35. Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. (1)72. Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear. (1)73. Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach. (1)98. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful. (1)100. Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country. (1)102. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student’s field of study. (1)135. Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers. (1)149. In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should be required to step down after five years. (1)。
新G Issue题库的相似、与老G对比、三种分类及翻译的汇总表 By 密斯锅
to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.]
体 （少数与 多数、 局部 与整体）
主要城市提供财政支 持，来保证其繁荣发 展。 原因：一个国家的文化 传统主要是在城市中 得以传承和发展。
社会类 人生哲理/ 做学问/人 类行为/历 史 [Write a response in which you discuss the extent 个体与整
结论：政府需要给社会nts must ensure that their
5
major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive. [Reason] It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.
结论
现实与理 想
教育机构有责任劝阻 学生不要从事不太可 能成功的科学研究。
N 137
Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.
因果
分类
翻译 当人们越来越依赖技 术去解决问题，人类独 立思考能力却退化。
技术进步 的影响
O 66
As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities. [Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.]
英语考试作文-新GRE写作ISSUE题库中英文对照及分类整理之教育类
英语考试作文新GRE写作ISSUE题库中英文对照及分类整理之教育类虽然新GRE考试的官方机构ETS在官方上公开了写作部分的题库，但由于其数量众多，考生要全部练习一遍相当费时费力。
对于官方题库，如何使用才能最大程度的节约复习时间提高复习效率?为大家整理了其中ISSUE类作文题目，并根据编号进行了中英文对照和分类，希望能对各位考生的作文复习有所帮助。
新GRE考试ISSUE题库中英对照分类整理(教育类题目)题目编号：3/35/37/137题目内容：阻止学生不太可能成功的研究3 Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。
35 Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely tosucceed.教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。
37 Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.社会应该甄别那些天资聪颖的孩子，并且年幼的时候就开始提供训练培养它们的才能。
137 Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。
新GRE Issue题库分类
新Issue题库分类by WBY教育6(2) 在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
14(6) 在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
96(3) 在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
116(1) 在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
12(6) 对任何被大学录取但无法承担学费的学生，政府应该为他们提供免费大学教育。
25(2) 政府应该为所有的学生提供免费的大学教育。
13(3) 大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。
46(2) 大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。
70(5) 结论：大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。
原因：接受真正的教育的最佳途径是获得各种学科知识。
102(6) 大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。
112(1) 让每个大学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科，是接受真正的教育的最佳途径。
140(4) 有些人认为大学应该要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。
也有人认为大学不应该强迫学生学习任何课程，除非这些课程有利于学生在所选的领域就业。
142(5) 结论：为了给学生提供一个明确的方向，学院和大学应该指定所有的必修课程，移除选修课程。
原因：和大众一样，大学生更喜欢按部就班，不喜欢自己做决定。
15(3) 教育机构应该积极鼓励学生选择那些为将来高收入工作铺路的研究领域。
20(4) 有些人认为大学生应该根据自己的才能和兴趣选择研究领域。
也有人认为大学生应该选择那些容易找到工作的研究领域。
32(3) 大学生应该选择那些就业前景好的研究领域。
39(2) 应该鼓励大学生选择自己感兴趣的课程，而不是那些容易找到工作的课程。
98(6) 教育机构应该鼓励大学生选择那些就业前景好的研究领域。
129(2) 大学生应该选择那些容易找到工作的研究领域。
135(6) 教育机构应该积极鼓励学生选择那些为将来高收入工作铺路的研究领域。
新Gre-Issue题库分类和重点题(飞扬在江南整理)
第一步，根据李建林《新 GRE 写作 5.5》整理，有部分调整，分为 24 个类别+16 个单题
拿到一道题目，判断是否属于哪个题型，可以采用：因果类—建议类—是非类---定义类---事实类，这样的顺序，当 然有的题目属于几类合成的，比如套叠式多角度分析和平行式多角度分析。 然后按照《拯救我的新 GRE-Issue》分为成长学习教育、科技生活时代、政治法律社会、思想方法行为、历史文化 传播五个大类，将上述题目整理进来（部分内容可能会有交叉，那么我们可以从多个领域视角分析）
归结出的重点题目在下文中标注（其中虽然有些题目在真题中出现，但认为较容易展开，就没有列入范围内） 黄底（重中之重）8+3+5+5+4=25，灰底（辅助练习）4+7+3+5+0=19
1
五大20,32,35,39,46,70，98,102，112，129,135,136,137,140；54；73 课程或专业选择：领域的成功和失败（3） +就业和兴趣（6）+领域内和领域外（8）+文学类课程（1）+老师拥有相关领域工作经验（1）=（19） 领域的成功和失败（3） ： 3，137：Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. 建议类 35：Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. 建议类，可完全借鉴 3 领域内和领域外（6）: 13， 46 【2】 ， 102 【2】 ： Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study. 建议类 70：Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's major field of study. Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated. 套叠式多角度分 析题，因果类+建议类，参考 112 但分析的角度还是略有区别的， 112：Requiring university students to take a variety of courses outside their major fields of study is the best way to ensure that students become truly educated. 单纯性是非题，仔细体会，P163, 140：Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields. 建议类（两个极端） 就业和兴趣（8） ： 15，135：Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers. 建议类，与 32、98、136、129 非常类似----就业优先 32(9)： College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. 建议类， 与 15、 98、136、129 非常类似 98，136：Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful. 建议类，与 15、32、129 非常类似 129：College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. 建议类，与 15、 32、98、136 非常类似 39【3】 ：College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs. 建议类—--兴趣优先 20：Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field. 建议类（两个极端） 要求选文学类课程（1） 54(1)：In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature. 建议类
GRE Issue题库分类大全
是非判断类InstructionWrite a response in which you discuss theextent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoningfor the position you take. In developing and supporting your position，youshould consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true andexplain how these considerations shape your position。
指导语：文章中讨论你是在多大程度上同意或者不同意题目的论点，并解释你选取这一立场的原因。
在发展及支持你的论点时，你应该考虑那些使得论点成立或者不成立的方面，并解释你的这些考虑是如何使其形成你所持有的观点的。
1. As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems，the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. 随着人们越来越依靠于技术来解决问题，人类自己独立思考的能力会确定无疑地退化。
2。
To understand the most important characteristics of a society，one must study its major cities.想理解一个社会最为重要的特点，就必须研究这个社会的各主要城市。
9。
In any field of endeavor（努力）, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.17. Formal education（正规教育）tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.18. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority。
GRE写作ISSUE新题库分析
GRE写作ISSUE新题库分析GRE改革之后，ISSUE新题库发生了比较大的变化。
首先，题目的数量下降了，从244题变成了149题。
另外，ISSUE新题库中出现了大量的类似题，即同一道题目换成了不同的问法。
现把相似题目归类如下：3 / 35 /376 / 14 / 96 / 1168 / 111 / 14910 / 125 / 14811 / 9912 / 2513 / 46 / 70 / 102 / 11215 / 32 / 98 / 129 / 135 / 13617 / 6820 / 3922 / 12223 / 36 / 7224 / 29 / 5228 / 113 / 120 / 121 / 127 / 14530 / 8340 / 9044 / 75 / 8445 / 13849 / 76 / 11850 / 86 / 11551 / 7163 / 6774 / 133 / 13479 / 14680 / 8881 / 9582 / 97 / 100 / 124104 / 107106 / 126108 / 110剔除这些类似的题目，其实题库中最后的数量是95题，这样就大大简化了备考过程。
但是，改革之后ISSUE取消了二选一，这样高频题就少下来了；同时，由于刚刚实行新机考，几乎没有机经和高频题，备考的任务又重了。
附：ETS官网公布的ISSUE新题库This page contains the Issue topics for the Analytical Writing section of the GRE® revised General Test. When you take the test, you will be presented with one Issue topic from this pool.Each Issue topic consists of an issue statement or statements followed by specific task instructions that tell you how to respond to the issue. The wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here. Also, because there may be multiple versions of some topics with similar or identical wording but with different task instructions, it is very important to read your test topic and its specific task directions carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test.1 As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.2 To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.3 Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.4 Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.5 Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.6 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.7 Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.8 Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.9 In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.10 Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.11 People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.12 Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.13 Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.14 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.15 Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.16 Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives.17 Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.18 The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.19 Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.20 Some people believe that college students should consider only their own talents and interests when choosing a field of study. Others believe that college students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.21 Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places.22 Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society's highest ideals.23 Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development.24 The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.25 Governments should offer college and university education free of charge to all students.26 The luxuries and conveniences of contemporary life prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.27 In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions.28 The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.29 The best way to teach—whether as an educator, employer, or parent—is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.30 Teachers' salaries should be based on their students' academic performance.31 Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.32 College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.33 As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious.34 In any situation, progress requires discussion among people who have contrasting points of view.35 Educational institutions should dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.36 Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.37 Society should identify those children who have special talents and provide training for them at an early age to develop their talents.38 It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we define ourselves.39 College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest them rather than the courses that seem most likely to lead to jobs.40 Claim: When planning courses, educators should take into account the interests and suggestions of their students.Reason: Students are more motivated to learn when they are interested in what they are studying.41 The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.42 Students should always question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.43 The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves.44 Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman asa hero.Reason: The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished.45 Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education.46 Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.47 Educators should find out what students want included in the curriculum and then offer it to them.48 Educators should teach facts only after their students have studied the ideas, trends, and concepts that help explain those facts.49 Claim: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from those whose views contradict our own.Reason: Disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.50 Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.51 Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.52 The best way to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones.53 If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.54 In order to become well-rounded individuals, all college students should be required to take courses in which they read poetry, novels, mythology, and other types of imaginative literature.55 In order for any work of art—for example, a film, a novel, a poem, or a song—to have merit, it must be understandable to most people.56 Many important discoveries or creations are accidental: it is usually while seeking the answer to one question that we come across the answer to another.57 The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times.58 Learning is primarily a matter of personal discipline; students cannot be motivated by school or college alone.59 Scientists and other researchers should focus their research on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.60 Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusive ideals.61 People should undertake risky action only after they have carefully considered its consequences.62 Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.63 There is little justification for society to make extraordinary efforts—especially ata great cost in money and jobs—to save endangered animal or plant species.64 The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.65 Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and to disobey and resist unjust laws.66 People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are also the most critical of it.67 Some people believe that society should try to save every plant and animal species, despite the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being. Others believe that society need not make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species.68 Some people believe that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. Others believe that formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.69 Some people believe it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed.70 Claim: Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's major field of study.Reason: Acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.71 Young people should be encouraged to pursue long-term, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition.72 Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.73 Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.74 Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.75 In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.76 We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own.77 The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth.78 People's attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by society as a whole.79 Claim: The best test of an argument is its ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint.Reason: Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasting views of others does one really discover the value of that idea.80 Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.81 All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools.82 Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.83 Teachers' salaries should be based on the academic performance of their students.84 It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a hero.85 Some people believe that in order to thrive, a society must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens. Others believe that thewell-being of a society can only be measured by the general welfare of all its people.86 Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on their own judgment.87 Claim: Any piece of information referred to as a fact should be mistrusted, since it may well be proven false in the future.Reason: Much of the information that people assume is factual actually turns out to be inaccurate.88 Claim: Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.Reason: It is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—to use public resources to fund the arts when people's basic needs are not being met.89 Claim: Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system.Reason: Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts or minds.90 Educators should take students' interests into account when planning the content of the courses they teach.91 The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that they have more leisure time.92 Educators should base their assessment of students' learning not on students' grasp of facts but on the ability to explain the ideas, trends, and concepts that those facts illustrate.93 Unfortunately, in contemporary society, creating an appealing image has become more important than the reality or truth behind that image.94 The effectiveness of a country's leaders is best measured by examining thewell-being of that country's citizens.95 All parents should be required to volunteer time to their children's schools.96 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.97 Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.98 Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.99 People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.100 Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.101 Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem to offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies all too often distract from real learning.102 Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.103 The best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things.104 To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.105 Claim: Imagination is a more valuable asset than experience.Reason: People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible without the constraints of established habits and attitudes.106 In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.107 To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.108 Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.109 Some people believe that scientific discoveries have given us a much better understanding of the world around us. Others believe that science has revealed to us that the world is infinitely more complex than we ever realized.110 Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.111 In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.112 Requiring university students to take a variety of courses outside their major fields of study is the best way to ensure that students become truly educated.113 Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.114 Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.115 Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people whom they serve.116 A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.117 It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are generated and preserved.118 We can learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own.119 When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings.120 Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.Reason: Great achievements by a nation's rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation's people.121 Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation is great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general welfare of all its people.122 The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its role models.123 The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition.124 All college and university students would benefit from spending at least one semester studying in a foreign country.125 Some people claim that a nation's government should preserve its wilderness areas in their natural state. Others argue that these areas should be developed for potential economic gain.126 In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge.127 The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general well-being of all its people.128 Some people argue that successful leaders in government, industry, or other fields must be highly competitive. Other people claim that in order to be successful, a leader must be willing and able to cooperate with others.129 College students should base their choice of a field of study on the availability of jobs in that field.130 Some people believe that corporations have a responsibility to promote thewell-being of the societies and environments in which they operate. Others believe that the only responsibility of corporations, provided they operate within the law, is to make as much money as possible.131 Claim: Researchers should not limit their investigations to only those areas in which they expect to discover something that has an immediate, practical application.Reason: It is impossible to predict the outcome of a line of research with any certainty.132 Some people believe that our ever-increasing use of technology significantly reduces our opportunities for human interaction. Other people believe that technology provides us with new and better ways to communicate and connect with one another.133 Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.Reason: The world today is significantly more complex than it was even in the relatively recent past.134 Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.Reason: We are not able to make connections between current events and past events until we have some distance from both.135 Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.136 Educational institutions should actively encourage their students to choose fields of study in which jobs are plentiful.137 Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.138 Some people believe that competition for high grades motivates students to excel in the classroom. Others believe that such competition seriously limits the quality of real learning.139 Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.140 Some people believe that universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study. Others believe that universities should not force students to take any courses other than those that will help prepare them for jobs in their chosen fields.141 It is more harmful to compromise one's own beliefs than to adhere to them.142 Claim: Colleges and universities should specify all required courses and eliminate elective courses in order to provide clear guidance for students.Reason: College students—like people in general—prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions.143 No field of study can advance significantly unless it incorporates knowledge and experience from outside that field.144 True success can be measured primarily in terms of the goals one sets for oneself.145 The general welfare of a nation's people is a better indication of that nation's greatness than are the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.146 The best test of an argument is the argument's ability to convince someone with an opposing viewpoint.147 The effectiveness of a country's leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country's citizens.148 Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state.149 In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should be required to step down after five years.。
新GRE题型详细介绍,对比老GRE
1.1.新GRE概略A.新G是什么？旧G是什么？GRE，全名(Graduate Record Examinations)，作为一项自上世纪三十年代便开始举行的测试，主要用于帮助北美研究生院录取委员会，用于评估申请者的基本能力，同时决定相应录取标准。
而目前GRE考试也广泛应用于一些欧洲，亚洲名校，影响力日趋广泛。
GRE考试主要分为general test和subject test，目前GRE通指考察测试者基本学术能力和逻辑能力的general test，不涉及专业背景知识，同时也是目前申请大部分北美研究生院所必须的成绩之一，除此外法律专业申请者需参加LSAT，商科专业学生需要参加GMAT，医学生需要参加MCAT等。
而subject test 是部分学校要求对于申请者专业知识进行考察的测试，可用于部分弥补申请者在GPA方面的缺陷。
下面主要介绍的GRE指general test。
传统的GRE测试方式，分为三种笔试，机试+笔试，以及计算机化考试。
由于条件所限，在一些非洲国家仍采用笔试方法。
而在台湾、中国大陆（包括香港）和韩国，由于2002年“机经事件”，ETS被迫放弃计算机化考试，采用机试AW+笔试VQ 的方法。
在欧洲，北美及一些发达的亚洲国家采用计算机化考试。
中国的GRE考试，一般是一年两次，分别于6月份和10月份。
2011年8月，为了更好的测试申请者在，目前研究生院和商学院所必须的the verbal and quantitative reasoning, critical thinking and analytical writing skills方面的水平，同时为了扩大GRE对商学院录取的影响，决定对传统的旧GRE考试进行改革。
新GRE考试借鉴TOEFL iBT的测试方式，采取基于网络化的考试背景，同时大量增加考试机会，也对传统GRE题型进行改革。
B.新GRE与旧GRE的对比下面主要介绍一些新G和旧G在题型上的改变。
GRE作文分类题库——ISSUE
一教育类1. A nation should require all its students to study the same nationalcurriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in differentparts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer.”2. While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areasattribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a societycan better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them asense of cooperation.3. In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college anduniversity level, all faculty should be required to spend time workingoutside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses theyteach.4. Universities should require every student to take a variety of coursesoutside the student’s field of study because acquiring knowledge ofvarious academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.5. Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music,film, advertising, and television because contemporaryculture has muchgreater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past.6. It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries toperpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears.7. Some educational systems emphasize the development of students’capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefitmore from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions.8. It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mindand the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain ourminds and spirits rather than set them free.9. How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society.Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can helpbring about a better society.10. Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools.Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professionaleducators.11. The purpose of education should be to provide students with a valuesystem, a standard, a set of ideas—not to prepare them for aspecific job.12. Society should identify those children who have special talents andabilities and begin training them at an early age so that they caneventually excel in their areas of ability. Othervise, these talents arelikely to remain undeveloped.13. Although innovations such as video, computers, and the internet seem tooffer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologiesall too often distract from real learning.二学习类1. We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share thanfrom people whose vies contradict our own. Disagreement can cause stressand inhibit learning.2. No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring theirknowledge and experience to that field of study.3. Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires realeffort and courage is to move in the opposite direction-in other words, tomake things as simple as possible.4. Students should memories facts only after they have studied the ideas,trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Studentswho havelearned only facts have learned very little.5. Scholars and researches should not be concerned with whether their workmakes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that theypursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic thoseinterests may seem.6. In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important torecognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquirenew facts and information.7. Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, ourinclinations, or the dictates of our passions.8. Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. Theyshould question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.9. There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observationis subjective; it is always guided by the observer’s expectations ordesires.10. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines areonly tools of human minds.11. Critical judgment of work, in any given field has littlevalue unlesscomes from someone who is an expert in that field.12. People who pursue their own intellectual interests for purely personalreasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are peoplewho try to act for the public good.13. Originality does not mean thinking something that was never thoughtbefore; it means putting old ideas together in new ways.14. The study of ac academic discipline alters the way we perceive theworld. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, butwith different eyes.15. The way students and scholars interpret the materials they work with intheir academic fields is more of personality than of training. Differentinterpretations come about when people with different personalities look atexactly the same objects, facts, data, or events and see different things.16. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible,but more complex and more mysterious.17. It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data.三行为类1. Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences ofcontemporary life are entirely harmless, they in fact, prevent people fromdeveloping into truly strong and independent individuals.2. Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expectpeople to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a publicrole, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy.3. Creating an appealing image has become more important in contemporarysociety than is the reality or truth behind that image.4. The concept of ‘individual responsibility’ is a necessary fiction.Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions,people’s behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.5. People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamworkrequires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individualcompetition does.6. In any realm of life-whether academic, social, business, or political—the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic,point of vies. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealisticviews tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediateoptions.7. It is primarily through our identification with social groups that wedefine ourselves.8. Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress.9. Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact isthat personal economic success requires conformity.10. People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are themost critical of it.11. No amount of information can eliminate prejudice because prejudice isrooted in emotion, not reason.12. The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability toremain consistently committed in pa r t i c u l a r p r i n c i p l e s a n d o b j e c t i v e s . A n y b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 0 " > l e a d e r w h o i s q u i c k l y a n d e a s i l y i n f l u e n c e d b y s h i f t s i n p o p u l a r o p i n i o n b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 1 " > w i l l a c c o m p l i s h l i t t l e . b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 2 " > 1 3 . S o m e t i m e s i m a g i n a t i o n i s a m o r e v a l u a b l e a s s e t t h a n e x p e r i e n c e . P e o p l e b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 3 " > w h o l a c k e x p e r i e n c e a r e f r e e t o i m a g i n e w h a t i s p o s s i b l e a n d t h u s c a n b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 4 " > a p p r o a c h a t a s k w i t h o u t c o n s t r a i n t s o f e s t a b l i s h e d h a b i t s a n d a t t i t u d e s . b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 5 " > 1 4 . I n a n y g i v e n f i e l d , t h e l e a d i n g v o i c e s c o m e f r o m p e o p l e w h o a r e b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 6 " > m o t i v a t e d n o t b y c o n v i c t i o n b u t b y t h e d e s i r e t o p r e s e n t op i n i o n s a n d i d e a s b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 7 " > t h a t d i f f e r f r o m t h o s e h e l d b y t h e m a j o r i t y . b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 8 " > 1 5 . I t i s a l w a y s a n i n d i v i d u a l w h o i s t h e i m p e t u s f o r i n n o v a t i o n ; t h e b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 9 " > d e t a i l s m a y b e w o r k e d o u t b y a t e a m , b u t t r u e i n n o v a t i o n r e s u l t s f r o m t h e b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 0 " > e n t e r p r i s e a n d u n i q u e p e r c e p t i o n o f a n i n d i v i d u a l . b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 1 " > 1 6 . S u c c e s s , w h e t h e r a c a d e m i c o r p r o f e s s i o n a l , i n v o l v e s a n a b i l i t y t o b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 2 " > s u r v i v e i n a n e w e n v i r o n m e n t a n d - - , e v e n t u a l l y , - - t o c h a n g e i t . b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 3 " > 1 7 . M o s t p e o p l e c h o o s e a c a r e e r o n t h e b a s i s o f s u c h p r a g m a t i c b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 4 " > c o n s i d e r a t i o n s a s t h e n e e d s o f t h e e c o n o m y , t h e r e l a t i v e e a s e o f f i n d i n g a b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 5 " > j o b , a n d t h e s a l a r y t h e y c a n e x p e c t t o m a k e . H a r d l y a n y o n e i s f r e e t o b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 6 " > c h o o s e a c a r e e r b a s e d o n h i s o r h e r n a t u r a l t a l e n t s o r i n t e r e s t i n a b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 7 " > p a r t i c u l a r k i n d o f w o r k . b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 8 " > 1 8 . I f a g o a l i s w o r t h y , t h e n a n y m e a n s t a k e n t o a t t a i n i t i s j u s t i f i a b l e . b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 9 " > 1 9 . P e o p l e o f t e n l o o k f o r s i m i l a r i t i e s , e v e n b e t w e e n v e r y d i f f e r e n t t h i n g s , b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 0 " > a n d e v e n w h e n i t i s u n h e l p f u l o r h a r m f u l t o d o s o . I n s t e a d , a t h i n g s h o u l d b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 1 " > b e c o n s i d e r e d o n i t s o w n t e r m s , w e s h o u l d a v o i d t h e t e n d e n c y t o c o m p a r e i t b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 2 " > t o s o m e t h i n g e l s e . b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 3 " > 2 0 . P e o p l e a r e m i s t a k e n w h e n t h e y a s s u m e t h a t t h e p r o b l e m s t h ey c o n f r o n t b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 4 " > a r e m o r e c o m p l e x a n d c h a l l e n g i n g t h a n t h e p r o b l e m s , f a c e d b y t h e i r b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 5 " > p r e d e c e s s o r s . T h u s i l l u s i o n i s e v e n t u a l l y d i s p e l l e d w i t h i n c r e a s e d b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 6 " > k n o w l e d g e a n d e x p e r i e n c e . b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 7 " > 2 1 . M o d e r a t i o n i n a l l t h i n g s i s i l l - c o n s i d e r e d a d v i c e . R a t h e r , o n e s h o u l d b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 8 " > s a y , M o d e r a t i o n s i s m o s t t h i n g s , s i n c e m a n y a r e a s o f h u m a n c o n c e r n b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 9 " > r e q u i r e o r a t l e a s t p r o f i t f r o m i n t e n s e f o c u s . b r b d s f i d = " 2 3 0 " > 2 2 . M o s t p e o p l e a r e t a u g h t t h a t l o y a l t y i s a v i r t u e . B u t l o y a l t y w h e t h e r b r b d s f i d = " 2 3 1 " > t o o n e s f r i e n d s , t o o n e s s c h o o l o r p l a c e o f e m p l o y m e n t , o r t o a n y b r b d s f i d = " 2 3 2 " > i n s t i t u t i o n i s a l l t o o o f t e n a d e s t r u c t i v e r a t h e r t h a n a p o s i t i v e f o r c e .。
GRE 作文 issue 新老题库对比.
政府应资助艺术家，促艺术 101 进艺术繁荣，以便人们都能接触到艺术。
Governments should provide funding for artists so that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished. 84 75 44 7 Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts. Claim: It is no longer possible for a society to regard any living man or woman as a Writea response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which Writea response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented. 在媒体铺天盖地的年代，不可能传媒161 树立英雄。
新老GRE填空对比分析
新老GRE填空对比分析题目难度改变不大新老GRE填空最全对比分析1.有无老题题干改编题目?虽然OG官方指南中明显有诸多来自于老G题库的题目,但是笔者近日参考的3个语文部分中的约30道填空题中,均无来自于老题题干改编的题目.但是这并不意味着,填空题是以一种全新的模式出现,相反,虽然题干内容与老G无重合之处,但是所有题目的解题逻辑无一例外仍然全部集中在老G填空的逻辑关系范围之内,仍然以常考的手段目的结果关系,条件关系,解释说明关系,转折关系等为主导题型.2.两空篇章填空题目的题干是否比老G明显变长?笔者参考的3个Verbal部分的填空题型分布概况如下一空五选一的题型在每个部分当中均是2道题,三空题在一个section当中出现个数为1-2题;两空题目出现个数为2-3题,较为固定的一空六选二(SentenceEquivalence)都是每个section包含4道题目.其中两空题的题干并没有明显变长,仍然和老G长度不相上下,同时其内部的逻辑关系也仍然清楚明朗;另外值得注意的是,虽然两个空对应的选项独立,但是依旧存在两空联动的题型.三空题的题干有短有长,约50-70words.另外值得一题的是三空题也不尽然都是难题,其中也存在语言点较为简单且逻辑关系明显的题目,值得考生在考试策略上注意.3.涵盖的词汇量是否超出老G填空题目范围?笔者参考的所有填空题中的词汇95%%u90FD在红宝书(《GRE(课程)词汇精选》)之内,但同时也出现了部分不常见的单词(但是可以根据词根猜出大意),并且题干中也如官方指南中的样题一样出现了一些复合词,但是这部分单词的意思基本上也能由构词法等知识并联系题干的上下文猜出意思,即使无法判断出来准确的意思,也不至于影响做题,以为题干当中仍然有其他解题的线索.综上所述,在新GRE尚未成熟之前,强烈建议仍然以红宝书为背单词的首选材料.4.是否出现新的句式,逻辑关系?如前文所述,所有题目的逻辑关系均在当前的掌握范围之内,但是语言点方面仍然具有GRE的学术表述方法的特色,存在一些较为晦涩的语言点结构,难以读懂的长难句结构(在三空题中尤为明显),所以对于考生备考来说,长难句和语言点仍然不能忽视.5.句子等价题目中选项同义词题目数量比例?笔者参加的考试中,第一个Verbal当中4道句子等价题目均无法明显看出唯一的一组同义选项;第二个Verbal当中4道句子等价题目有1道题能够明显看出只有一组同义词,第三个Verbal当中4道句子等价题目有3道题明显只有一组同义词.综上所述,在句子等价题目中有将近三分之一的题目是可以明显看出同义词的,因此对于句子等价题仍然应该强调以逻辑关系为主线,以找同义选项为次线的解题原则.通过上面关于新gre填空考试的问题的分析,相信考生对于新gre考试有了更多更全面的了解,填空题是gre考试的重要题型,考生尤其要注意,根据自己对新GRE填空的理解,一定要找到适合自己的备考方法,来应对这部分题型.祝大家取得好的成绩.GRE填空备考:45条精华方法1.重复的基本规律:点对点2.攻其一点,不及其余3.读题干的策略:先读主干,再读分隔4.分析的策略:a.分析句子结构b.定位中心词和逻辑关系c.选词d.理解句意5.分析的具体方法―――分隔与粘连6.分隔结构通常为定语从句,同位语从句,分词结构,大的介词短语结构.分隔结构一旦出现,则成为其前空格的答案,或者这些分隔中本身有空格,则应该从分隔前的结构中寻找信息.7.如果分隔中或者分隔前都没有空格出现,这个分隔就是一个无用的分隔,一个冗余的信息,阅读时跳过去.8.有时分隔结构会出现在主从句中,比如因果句中的BECause之后为逗号,不直接出现原因从句,而先出现分隔;或者although之后先出现分隔,然后再出现真正的转折从句等等.一律先跳过分隔,将真正的因果,转折,并列等主干逻辑读出来.9.粘连指以分号,逗号,冒号分开的上下两句中的各种重复关系.她包括:a.直接重复b.肯定与否定重复双重否定的标志:〝it is wrong/presumptuous/irony/parado_ically/foolish tosay that…〞或者将parado_ically,irony,puzzingly,surprisingly等单词提前.c.主动被动重复一般用by来引导,A-àB,Bàby A;或者将by换为三个短语代替:is the result of,is theoutgrowth of,is the product of.此句基础上还可以变化为:非a-%26gt;非B;Bàby A.d.逆否重复AàB,B―%26gt;A.没有by,the result of,the outgrowth of,the productof等.e.比较句重复f.手段和目的A by BàB for A;by=in thems of;g.特殊并列句包括宾语从句,原因从句,同位语从句等一切从句的并列.此时解题就应该在两个并列从句之间进行推理,不必要考虑从句和主句之间的关系.h.时间对比句before,once,formerly,initial,pristine,erstawhile,hereto,hitherto,now,f urture或者beging,start,create,或者until,nolonger等.时间相反,一切对称成分相反.比如相反的时间有相反的动作,目的,原因,状态,观点等等.No longer,until要特别注意.10.小连接:and,but,rather,even,as……as.,so as to连接对称的两个形容词,动词,副词或者不定式短语._.注意粘连中的人称代词,指示代词,定冠词.特别注意such,this,that,it,them,the这种词,可以帮助迅速找出对应关系._.粘连中的主体词汇:主体动词,表示人物身份的名词,描述人或者事物性质或者特征动作的词.a.continue,remain这种转折是程度转折,引起程度上升用递进结构表达(even,almost),所以此处只能够是程度下降的转折.一般都是althoughdimilish/in retreat,之类的词,比较固定.与continue对应的主体动词还有shift from……to……,osc illatebetween…and,turn to,reconcile…and……等表示反面转折的动词.b.critics的动作是judge,evaluate,praise,criticize,assail;tor是salvage;scientist是disinterested,unbiased,impassive,下级对上级的指令永远服从.c.有4种:1.判断句 2.词组:regard…as…或者view/consider/lavel/portray…as3.物主代词加特征性格或者特征动作,如:his intransigence4.of结构做后置定语如a critic of vanity_.固定观点1:科学(家)过去都认为是客观的,现在认为是……_.如果所添空格中的两个有一个是副词通常可以先不看,然后做后面的,最后再看_.当主语是并列主语,其表语可以分为相同,不同.并且只有different,distinct,antithetical.irreconcilable可以表达不同.一般是不同. _.必须直接推理,表现为直接重复,切忌瞎推._. Not…or(without)…构成小连接,一般用同义词.新GRE填空题型练习1. Hydrogen is the _____ element of the universe in that it provides thebuilding blocks fromwhich the other elements are produced.A. steadiestB. e_pendableC. lightestD. ?nalE. fundamental2. Few of us take the pains to study our cherished convictions; indeed, wealmost have anatural _____ doing so.A. aptitude forB. repugnance toC. interest inD. ignorance ofE. reaction after3. In the seventeenth century, direct ?outing of a generally acceptedsystem of values wasregarded as ______, even as a sign of madness.A. adventurousB. frivolousC. willfulD. impermissibleE. irrational4. Rather than enhancing a country s security, the successful developmentof nuclearweapons could serve at ?rst to increase that country’s ______.A. boldnessB. in?uenceC. responsibilityD. moderationE. vulnerability5. For some time now, _____ has been presumed not to e_ist: the cynicalconviction thateverybody has an angle is considered wisdom.A. rationalityB. ?e_ibilityC. dif?denceD. disinterestednessE. insincerity6. Unfortunately, his damaging attacks on the rami?cations of the economicpolicy havebeen ______ by his wholehearted acceptance of that policy s underlyingassumptions.A. supplementedB. underminedC. wastedD. divertedE. redeemed7. The spellings of many Old English words have been ________ in the livinglanguage,although their pronunciations have changed.A. preservedB. shortenedC. preemptedD. revisedE. improved?8. The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly________source of rawmaterials, of which only a few have been utilized.A. e_ploitedB. quanti?ableC. controversialD. ine_haustibleE. remarkable9. For centuries animals have been used as ________ for people ine_periments to assessthe effects of therapeutic and other agents that might later be used inhumans.A. benefactorsB. companionsC. e_amplesD. precedentsE. surrogates10. Sponsors of the bill were ________ because there was no opposition toit within thelegislature until after the measure had been signed into law.A. unreliableB. well-intentionedC. persistentD. relievedE. detained?新老GRE填空最全对比分析。
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interest them rather than seek
programs that promise entry into
the job market.
感兴趣的课程，而不是学习
好找工作的课程。
（新题是
旧题取反）
valuable asset than experience.People who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible and thus can approach a task
without constraints of established habits and attitudes.。
缺乏实际经验的人对可能性有更自由的想象空间，所以能够不受固有的习惯和思维的限制来完成任务。
第1题一样，2/3题参考
are controversial.还是有些关联的
nation is not the achievements of
its rulers, artists, or
always a good investment, even
花在研究上的资金基本上都
其统治者、艺术家或者科学
家的成就，而是全体人民的
behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.
被迫的而并非个人素质。
responsibility' is a necessary 的。
尽管社会必须要求个人
fiction. Although societies must
on their own judgment rather than 力，而不应该盲目地依从人
unquestioningly carrying out the
diminished.
coverage, it is no longer possible
for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjected to 可能树立英雄。
任何人在媒体的“审视”下都会名声扫。