清朝英文介绍
乾隆皇帝英文简介
乾隆皇帝英文简介清高宗爱新觉罗·弘历，清朝第六位皇帝，入关之后的第四位皇帝，中国历史上最长寿的皇帝，下面是店铺为你整理的乾隆皇帝英文简介，希望对你有用!清高宗爱新觉罗·弘历简介Qing dynasty love Xinjue Luo Hongli (September 25, 1711 - February 7, 1799), the sixth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, after entering the fourth emperor. Year "Qianlong", meaning "Heaven Changlong". 25-year-old ascended the throne, reign of sixty years, Zen bit after three years and four months is too emperor, the actual exercise of the country's highest power up to sixty-three years and four months, is the history of China's actual power of the country's highest power Long emperor, is also the history of China's most longevity emperor.During the reign of the Qing dynasty, the Qing dynasty reached the peak of the Kangxi and Qianlong, and Sinology had made great progress during this period. Hongli is a famous emperor of the Chinese feudal society. On the basis of Emperor Kangxi and Yongzheng both dynasties, he completed the reunification of the multi-ethnic state and the further development of the social economy and culture. Hongli attention to the stability of society, concerned about the affected people, during the reign of five times the world free money, three exemptions and eight provinces of grain, reduce the burden on farmers, and attach importance to water conservancy construction, played a role in protecting agricultural production, making the Qing Dynasty treasury Increasingly enriched. The history of the rebellion in the border area has made great achievements, maintained the unity of the country andbroadened the territory, and improved the rule of Tibet, occupied Xinjiang, Xinjiang will be formally incorporated into the territory of China, the territory of the Qing Dynasty Thus achieving maximum. During the reign of Hongli, folk art has developed greatly, such as the Peking opera formed in the Qianlong years. But the late relics extravagant, officials have been corrupt, and more outbreak of the uprising. And the closed-door policy has reached the highest, widening the gap with the West, the Qing Dynasty ruled the crisis. Literacy of the text than Kangxi, Yongzheng period more severe.Died in Jiaqing four years (1799), at the age of 89 years old. Temple of Gaozong, posthumous title Tianlong Yun sincere sincerity of the body element of the legislature essay Fu Fenqiong Mingxiao filial piety holy pure emperor. Buried in the Qing Dongling Yuling.清高宗爱新觉罗·弘历人物生平Early experienceKangxi fifty years (1711), Hong Li was born in Beijing Yong Prince House. Hongli childhood smart, five-year-old school, passing into chanting.Emperor Kangxi sixty years (1721), it is said that Emperor Kangxi in the Yong Prince House is the first time the Lama Temple to see the grandchildren calendar, when Hongli ten years old, grandfather Kangxi see and scared, so that raising the palace, Class.Yongzheng the first year (1723), Yongzheng book legislation deposit secret purpose, Li Hong calendar as heir, hidden in the Kam box, placed in the Palace of Heavenly Purity "Zhengda bright" plaque.Yongzheng two years (1724) at the end, Emperor Kangxi "andthen avoid Chen", Hongli the second "sacrifice ceremony."Yongzheng five years (1727) in July, given a big marriage, and the origin of Manchu name Chahar Seoul Li Rongbao female Fu Chai married husband and wife, the Forbidden City West two (Hongli ascended the throne after renamed the heavy palace). Is the year, three princes when the Hong Kong due to indulgence, cut the membership.Yongzheng eight years (1730), Dizi Yonglian Health, Yongzheng Emperor personally named Yong Lian, implied the succession of the throne of the meaning of the poems and other poems compiled into the four volumes of "Lok Shing Church set."Yongzheng eleven years (1733), Hong Li was sealed and Prince Huo treasure. Since then, often ordered to sacrifice mausoleum, sacrifice, sacrifice of the holy emperor, enjoy the temple, sacrifice, sacrifice Tai Sui, sacrifice Taiji and so on.Yongzheng thirteen years (1735) in February, Hongli and Hong day, Ertai and other common Miao territory affairs. On the morning of August 23, Emperor Yongzheng died, and the servants took out the decree and declared the throne. On the third day of September, the emperor is located in the Hall of Heaven, issued a very imperial edict, amnesty world, to the first year of Qianlong. On September 27th, And the amount of money. October, announced the rule of law for the rule of law. So that the provinces reported that the virtual reclamation to acres, the first line of the provinces to cut taxes; tours A that, Cypriot sunspot red band, income jade dispatch. November, left the censor Sun Jiagan on the removal of the "three learning", Du "three disadvantages." December, is not allowed to apportionment of the provincial projects; relief Anhui, Hubei and other places floods. To "outrageous" crime death Zeng Jing,Zhang Xi. The Empress Dowager Niu Hu Lu's emblem is the emperor of Chongqing.AscensionThe first year of Qianlong (1736) in July, declared the secret book to build the decree, to Emperor II Yonglian as the prince.Qianlong two years (1737), he released the Yongzheng due to adversely affected by military aircraft and the death penalty of Yue Zhongqi, Fu Er Dan, given to allow the Duke. In November, the encyclopedia of Erlai still waited for military affairs.Qianlong three years (1738) in May, Zhang Guangxu discuss the Guizhou Miao chaos. In October, Crown Prince Yong Lian disease dead, posthumous end Huihui prince.Qianlong four years (1739) in February, Galdan policy zero please Altai for the community, for the proposed and laid the foundation for success. In July, the amount of bounty thunder in the Erhilixi Wusu, and the division in the Erkun River, Qiqi Errike, Erduni Zhao, Tamil and Uliya Su Tai, to prevent Junggar rebellion. In October, the king of the town of Wang Yunlu, Li Wang Hong Xi knot party camp business, Hong Li Ge Yun Lu political minister, the governing house is still the post, Hong Xi jiaojue ban, Baylor Hongchang and other leather down, stop pension. In December, Jixi Baibo Luo Luo Nai for the king.Qianlong five years (1740) in December, Zhang Guangsi led his troops completely put aside Guangxi, Hunan Miao rebellion.Qianlong six years (1741) in July, Hongli held for the first time autumn ceremony. Empress Dowager to the summer resort, exempt from the area by the amount of three tenths of the deduction by the county after the amount of money, age is often.Qianlong ten years (1745) Galdan policy after zero death, Junggar Department of civil strife, Davas won the Khan. In July,Hongli began to send troops to suppress Sichuan rebellion against the region. September, recovered from the right, into the suppression of the right.Qianlong thirteen years (1748) in February, the East tour, Hongli station in Qufu, Yi Que Lane, Ye Konglin, sacrifice Shao Hao, Zhou Gong, Deng Taishan. Fujian Ou Ning veteran vegetarian will uprising, spin was suppressed. In March, Queen Fortune's death, posthumous title "filial piety".Medium ruleTwenty years of Qianlong (1755) in February, Hong Li sent troops fifty thousand straight plow Yili, to Da Wazi attack. Davawi caught off guard, defeated captured. Soon after the return of the Qing court of Amur Sahana, because of the rule of the four ambitions of the Mongolian Mongolian failed to succeed, gathered rebellion.Qianlong twenty-one years (1756) in March, the Qing army recovered Yili, A Mu Er Sana flee to Kazakhstan. Life road, north road into Kazakhstan. Ordered the University of Fu Heng to the capital Lin Habi Erjia ordered military affairs.Qianlong twenty-two years (1757) spring, the Qing court troops from the Balik and other places to split the attack, the rebels defeated, Amur Saina fled Russia and Russia after the death. The Qing army settled down the war of the aristocracy of Junggar, and thus won the victory.Qianlong twenty-three years (1758) at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to settle the Junggar has been the overall situation, immediately transferred Manchu officers and men of 10,000 people south, crusade size and Zhuo. In September, the governor of the horse wins to attack the car depressed, executed. Ordered the garrison of the Ili and the management of affairs. Wushi Citydown. In October, Zhao Huijun alone solitary Ye Erqiang, the so-called black water camp.Qianlong twenty-four years (1759) in February, Fu Tak, Ali Dagon and Huo Ji Zhaqi war Hulu, defeated, the solution of the black water camp. In June, Hong Hui calendar Zhao Hui into the Kashgar, Fu Tak into the soldiers and Qiang, recovered. Encyclopedia Li Shiyao spread foreign business, promulgated the ban. Leap in June, Braga abandoned Kashgar escape. Huo Ji abandoned Ye Erqiang escape. In July, the Qing army captured Kashgar, Ye Erqiang, large, small and Zhuo wood fled to the tribe of Bardak was killed, rebellion rebellion.Qianlong twenty-five years (1760) in July, the Russian troops and Ningling four road, declaring demarcation, encyclical A Gui, car Bu Deng Zabu by soldiers by. In October, the emperor fifteen sub-Yong Yan (that is, later Jiaqing emperor) Health.Qianlong thirty years (1765) in November, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou Yang Yingju reported to the various ministers of Myanmar included. Honglie to Yang Ying Ju disease, life Yang Tingzhang Yongchang take over to resist the Burmese army.Qianlong thirty-two years (1767) the first month, the Qing army levy Burmese, Hong Yuanyuan Yang Tingzhang back to Guangdong. February, the war in the bottom of the river, the Qing government levy Burmese lost. Leap in July, thanks to Yang Ying Ju committed. Burmese army into Kou Yunnan.Qianlong thirty-three years (1768) in February, Hong calendar Fu Heng went to Yunnan, the profile of Burma matters.Qianlong thirty-four years (1769) the first month, life A Gui, Ali Dagon to help Fu Heng suppress Burmese. In November, the vice generals, the Ministry of the book was still killed in the army.Fu Heng Governor Shi Myanmar, Burma to smoke malaria, the Qing loss of most. Burmese beggars, life class division, Burmese army slamming said.Qianlong thirty-five years (1770) in July, Xiao Jinchuan and Walker Tusi collusion provocation, ordered Altai to advise small Jinchuan. And Prince Hiroshi, University scholar Fu Heng successively died. In November, Turku Mongolian from the Russian fetters, returned to the motherland.Qianlong thirty-six years (1771) Tuerhute Department into the territory of China, Hong calendar calendar Bartujier to Yili for resettlement matters. In September, the head of the Tulkutai is equal to the hot river into the pilgrimage, the confinement of Pakistani tin for the sweat, the following sealed the king, the king and other jazz.Qianlong thirty-eight years (1773) ordered the compilation of "Si Ku Quan Shu", which lasted nine years into a book, was the world's most extensive encyclopedia.Emperor Qianlong forty-three years (1778) Hongdian for Duoergun Zhaoxue, complex its Wang Jue.Late ruleAfter years of middle school, Hongli gradually happy, not only massive construction, six Jiangnan consumption of national human and material resources, corruption and then began to prevail, the entire Qing dynasty also in the late Qianlong by Sheng decline.Qianlong forty-six years (1781) the first month, Gansu Su four forty-three rate of Hui uprising. In June, Gansu appeared to donate money to save money, the death penalty of the Governor-General Erlai, arrest Wang Wang Wang, are killed. Su forty-three victims.Qianlong forty-seven years (1782), in April, the governor of Shandong Cathay Pacific, in Jane Jane deficit empty money, and Shen and other investigation, dismissal arrest, spin all killed.Qianlong fifty-two years (1787) in March, Lin Shuangwen captured Zhu Luo, Fengshan, advance Taiwan government, the county immediately lost. May, Hunan Phoenix Hall Miao uprising, was Qing general soldiers Yin Dexi suppression. August, life Fukang as a general, went to Taiwan to suppress Lin Shuangwen uprising. In December, Fukang to suppress the power of Lin Shuangwen, Duke of Jin.Qianlong fifty-six years (1791) in August, Guru recidivism after possession, caught in the village, according to economic throat. Hong Hui Governor Sichuan Governor E Hui, the general into the German destroy. In November, Fukang's army went to Tibet and levied Gurkha.Qianlong fifty-seven years (1792) in June, Fukang Encyclopedia of Guru army, out of combat. In August, ordered Sun Shiyi in front of possession of grain transport. Gurkha defeated beggars, Fukang An Ban division. In September, so Fukang An, Sun Shiyi and other issues of Tibet to the future. The capital of Benba bottle lottery system. In October, "full of martial arts mind" written.Qianlong fifty-eight years (1793) in March, the encyclical set Jin Ben Ba bottle in Beijing Lama Temple, ordered the government officials, palm Zhazha Lama and other common call out of Mongolia out of the call. In June, the British to Macartney to China. July, life and Linjing nuclear collectors access. In August, in the hot river to accept the Macartney Mission into the Hajj.In the fifty-nine years of Qianlong (1794), the population reached 531 million.Qianlong sixty years (1795) eighty-five-year-old lunar month, Hunan and Guizhou Miao uprising outbreak, to Jiaqing two years (1797) put down. On September 3, the Imperial Palace, declared the establishment of secret purpose, emperor fifteen child Yong Yan as the prince, set the next year to return to the first year of Jiaqing. October, the first year of Jiaqing book. Ordinary waste money next year.In his later yearsJiaqing the first year (1796) the first month, held a political ceremony, since the emperor, after the grant of Xi, the Ministry of Rites Honglu Si Temple officials Yi Tiananmen tower, Gong Xuan Jiaqing Emperor imperial imperial emperor imperial edict, Jinfeng imperial edict Declare the world. Hong Li in Zen after still living in the heart of the temple control of the government. Jiaqing the first year (1796) on the 19th of the first month, the emperor in the Yuanmingyuan summoned the country's envoy, told them: "Although I go to the emperor, the event or I do." White Lotus uprising outbreak, a few months throughout the Sichuan, Shaanxi, Chu, Henan, Gansu five provinces, to Jiaqing seven years (1802 years) put down.Jiaqing two years (1797) in August, A Gui died, and Shen as the chief military minister. In October, the dry palace, pay Thai temple fire, encyclical emergency repair.Jiaqing three years (1798) in August, Hongli learned that the peasant uprising leader Wang Sanhuai captured, talk about "martial arts outside the", and "into this great power."Jiaqing four years (1799) the first month, died in the Yang Xin Temple, aged eighty-nine years old, Jiaqing Emperor pro-government. Arrest and Shen in the criminal office prison, spin to die. To become the king of the army for the military minister. InMarch, forgiveness of the interracial interlibrary clerks involved in the case. In April, on the statue of the posthumous title for the "law Tianlong Yun sincere sincerity body element pole essay Fu Fen Wo chi sacred holy pure emperor." Temple of T akako. In September, buried in Yuling.。
中国戏剧英文介绍
chinese opera
During the Tang Dynasty (618 – 907), the Emperor Taizong established an opera school with the poetic name Liyuan (Pear Garden). From that time on, performers of Chinese opera were referred to as 'disciples of the pear garden'.
它的特点是将众多艺术形式以一种标准聚合在一起，在共同具 有的性质中体现其各自的个性。
比较著名的戏曲种类有：京剧（Beijing Opera）、昆曲 (Kunqu)、越剧(Shaoxing Opera)、 秦腔（Shanxi Opera）、黄梅戏(Huangmei Opera) 。
What appeals to foreigners most might be the different styles of facial make-up
During the Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911), it became fashionable among ordinary people. Performances were watched in tearooms, restaurants, and even around makeshift stages. 在清朝(1644 - 1911),它在普通百姓中十分流 行。在茶室,餐馆,甚至在临时搭建的舞台上都可以 看见表演。
Introduction of Chinese opera
中国戏曲主要是由民间歌舞、说唱和滑稽戏三种不同艺术形式 综合而成。
简介介绍英文带翻译
简介介绍英文带翻译Title: Introduction to the History of Chinese Calligraphy。
中国书法历史简介。
Chinese calligraphy, also known as the art of writing, has a long and rich history that dates back to ancient times. It is considered one of the highest forms of Chinese art and is deeply rooted in Chinese culture and tradition. In this article, we will provide a brief introduction to the history of Chinese calligraphy.中国书法，又称书艺，有着悠久而丰富的历史，可以追溯到古代。
它被认为是中国艺术的最高形式之一，深深扎根于中国文化和传统中。
在本文中，我们将简要介绍中国书法的历史。
The earliest known examples of Chinese calligraphy can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BC). During this period, inscriptions were carved onto oracle bones andbronze vessels, which were used for divination. These inscriptions were written in a script known as oracle bone script, which was the earliest form of Chinese writing.中国书法最早的例子可以追溯到商朝（公元前1600-1046年）。
溥仪英文简介
溥仪英文简介爱新觉罗·溥仪,清朝末代皇帝，也是中国历史上最后一个皇帝。
下面是店铺为你整理的溥仪英文简介，希望对你有用!爱新觉罗·溥仪简介Ai Xinjueluo Pu Yi (February 7, 1906 - October 17, 1967), the late Qing emperor, is also the last emperor in Chinese history. Word Yao, the number of Hao Ran. Also known as the waste emperor or Xuantong Emperor. Alcoholic prince Wang Yi 譞 of the sun, contained Feng eldest son, mother Su Su Gujia good young. From 1909 to 1912, July 1, 1917 to July 12, 1917 twice in the reign.1911 Revolution broke out in 1911, February 12, 1912 was forced to abdicate, the end of the Qing Dynasty rule. After the September 18th Incident, under the control of the Japanese man, the puppet emperor of Manchukuo, Kant (1934-1945), also known as "Emperor Kant". August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered. August 17, Pu Yi in Shenyang ready to flee by the Soviet Red Army captured, was taken to the Soviet Union. At the beginning of August 1950 was escorted home, in the Fushun war criminals management, transformation. On December 4, 1959, he received an amnesty order from Chairman Mao Zedong of the People's Republic of China and became a member of the CPPCC National Committee. Pu Yi married four times a lifetime, married five women, the last marriage in 1962 and Li Shuxian married. Pu Yi autobiography "my first half of life", in 1964 April by the mass publishing house. Its unique and dramatic experience, many times was adapted into film and television works, including the film "the last emperor", has won the 1987 Academy Awards and many other awards.October 17, 1967, Pu Yi died of kidney cancer in Beijing, at the age of 61 years old. Buried in the eight Baoshan, after moving in the Qing Dynasty Xiling Chongling (Guangxu Ling) near the Hualong Royal Cemetery.爱新觉罗·溥仪人物生平AggressiveGuangxu thirty-two years (1906) spring on the 14th was born in Beijing Alcohol Prince House. Is the Qing Xuanzong Daoguang Emperor's great-grandson, Alcoholic Prince Wang Yi and the side of the blessing of Liu Jia's Sun, Regent Wang Zeng Feng and entropy Fu Jin Su Gujia good young. Su Sui Jia Jia Jia is the heart of the Empress Dowager Ronglu's daughter, Empress likes to adopt in the palace, put the Guar Jiashi refers to the marriage to Feng Feng. Feng Jiu's mother Liu Jia Shi has been his own pro, played the Empress Dowager Cixi. Empress adhere to the Feng Feng that marriage, Liu Jia's only son has been engaged in the blessing of the retired. After the "xu xue coup", the Empress thought to destroy the Guangxu, Guangxu no son, Guangxu twenty-five years (1898) December 24, Empress Dowager Cixi Yi Yi by the son of Pu Jun Pu Jun Brother ", the future inheritance Tongzhi as heir, and the Emperor Guangxu as heir. Twenty seven years Guangxu (1901), Empress abolished the "big brother" of the name. After the abolition of the title Empress age is getting bigger and bigger, Emperor Guangxu no son. At this time the relationship between Empress and Emperor Guangxu is very bad.Guangxu thirty-four years winter (1908), Emperor Guangxu contained heavy disease, Empress Dowager Cixi ordered Pu Yi raised in the palace. The news came, alcohol Wangfu suddenly a mess. Pu Yi's grandmother Fujin Liu Jia's just heard Feng Feng brought back the Yi intended to syncope in the past. The futureof the emperor Pu Yi even crying with the internal control to take away. Pu Yi's nurse Wang Jue holding Pu Yi together into the palace. November 14 Emperor Guangxu died, the Empress Dowager Cixi life Pu Yi inherited the imperial system, following the Tongzhi Emperor contained Chun, at the same time and accept the Emperor Guangxu of the 祧, one person two rooms. Grandparents Empress Dowager Cixi is too Empress Dowager. Is the day, the Empress Dowager Cixi died. (Respect for the Royal Royal Princess), Mu Zongyu Princess Hershey's royal examination for the emperor Royal Princess (King Yi Royal Royal Princess), Xun Royal Princess Arute for the emperor (Rong Hui imperial concubine), Daxing emperor Jin Fei he pull the company for the imperial examination of the Royal Princess (Duan Kang Huang Royal Princess). And promulgated the emperor's emperor. At this time Anqing mutiny occurred by the Qing Dynasty exterminate. November, awarded the big line too Empress Dowager Patent. Chao four faction sacrifice wish version, the prince said the prince said, "Bunsen progenitor prince", Fu Fu Jin said, "Bensheng Zuying Yin Yin Prince Fu Jin." On December 2, Pu Yi ascended the throne in the Hall of Supreme Harmony, by Emperor Guangxu Longyu and contained Feng Regent. The second year to change the number of "Xuantong". Jiaqing Prince Yi Yi to Prince title and hereditary indiscriminate use, Baylor set Xun, set Tao Jiajun king title. And the establishment of the Guards, ordered Beller set Tao, Yu Lang, Shang Tie Tie special management training. Life of the hole and supervise the Sichuan-Nanjing Railway Minister.Three contained emperorXuantong first year (1909) the first month, set Hulunbeier along the side of Karen. The reorganization of the Navy, the life of the Prince of Shan Qi Shan, the town of the public loaded Ze,Shang Tieliang, the Governor of the town of ice planning to reorganize the Navy, Mingqing Prince Yi Yi total inspection affairs. The dismissal of the technical training of the garrison minister. Leap in February, under the edict ordered to prepare for constitutional, to avoid ministers, Feng Jiang Daling because of perfunctory, to avoid responsibility. Former Cabinet Bachelor Chen Baochen Prime Minister. March, once again abolish Fengtian patrol Road. The addition of Tao Chang, etc. Bingji Road, Lin Changhai and other remedial preparations. Changed to Jin Shan Customs Road for the Jin Xin, etc. Bingji Road and Shanhaiguan supervision, east of the road for the Xingfeng, etc. Bingji Road. In June, exempted from the prince of the king of the management of the Ministry of the right. Lv Haihuan was strike to Xu Shichang to charge the office of Jinpu Railway Minister, Shen Yunpei for the deputy. In August, the study of constitutional justice Li Jiabao into the Japanese judicial system test book.Xuantong two years (1910) the first month, the League launched the Guangzhou New Army uprising, failed. In February, the next election to the new Calle Daini Barou Dangba agent before the possession of the affairs. Ge Baohua after the death of the redevelopment ceremony for the ceremony, to T ang Jing Chong for the Department of Shangshu. In March, Wang Shizhen was removed because of illness, life Lei Zhen Chun Department of Jiangbei Admiral. Revolutionist Wang Zhaoming (Wang Jingwei), Huang Fusheng, Luo Shixun conspiracy to assassinate the Regent Wang, was found after the arrest of prison. In July, Baylor set up on the results of military and military operations. To Yu Lang, Xu Shichang for the military minister. In September, the provincial government held an opening ceremony, supervise the country Regent Wang Feng Feng personally andpromulgated precepts. October, under the election to Xuantong five years to open the parliament, and ordered Pu Lun, the charge of the proposed constitution of the Minister. In November, the proclamation of the proclamation of the prince and the prime minister's office was waived. The government asked the issue of hair cut easy to serve on the encyclical.Xuantong three years (1911) October 10, the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, Wuchang Uprising news came, the Qing court a panic. Pu Yi under the "crime has Chao". Sent the army minister Yinchang rate of the Northern Army two towns south, at the same time ordered the Navy into the Wuhan River with the army operations. But Yin Chang command does not move the Northern Army. In the "recuperate" Yuan Shikai, has been closely watching the changes in the situation, with the Beijing government and the Northern Army in the abdomen Xu Shichang, Duan Qirui maintained contact, the political well known. Wuchang Uprising victory, caused imperialist hatred, the national unanimous unanimously urged the Qing court to use Yuan Shikai. Qing court had to appoint Yuan Wei Lake Governor, so that his governor south. Yuan to foot disease is not a good excuse, refused to life, secretly manipulate the Northern Army slap warfare, and put forward the responsibility of the Cabinet, to give him the command of the military and other forces and other conditions, threatening the Qing court. Qing court was forced to call Yinchang back to Beijing, appointed Yuan as cabinet prime minister and control of land and sea army. Yuan in Changde "remote lord", ordered the Northern Army to attack the revolutionary army. November 2 after the capture of Hankou, that is, do not move, and then arrived with the guard arrived in Beijing. On the 16th to form a responsible cabinet, forcing FengFeng Feng resignation of the Regent Regal duties, Yuan Shikai total government power, then ordered the Northern Army onslaught Hanyang, shelling Wuchang. After the outbreak of the Civil War, the provinces in southern China have announced from the central Qing Dynasty, but the Qing court still control a number of northern provinces. Finally, Sun Yat-sen and Yuan Shikai secret, if Yuan can Pu Yi abdicate, let him serve as president. Yuan Shikai will be a coercion, while persuasion so that Pu Yi abdicated. Yuan Shikai side of the pressure, while the preferential conditions as a bait. The North-South and the delegates held five meetings. In addition to discussing the military armistice and regime issues, also agreed to Pu Yi abdication preferential conditions. After several consultations, the two sides reached a preferential treatment room conditions eight: Qing room after leaving the official residence, the future moved to the Summer Palace; still with the emperor respect, the Republic of China foreign monarchy treat each other; to provide 4 million per year costs; Protection of royal private property and so on.In the first year of the Republic of China (1912) on February 12, Long Yuhuang Empress Dowager proclamation, the name of the Queen Mother promulgated "abdicated edict", Pu Yi abdicated. In the abdication of the edict, he said: "The people of this country are more inclined to repent of their minds," and the people will be able to give their dominion to the nation. , As a constitutional Republic of the body, close to the sea indifferent hope of the heart, far from the ancient holy world for the righteousness. " The Republic of China government and the Qing room consultation, retained a lot of preferential conditions for the royal family, promised to pay the cost of 4 million yuan each year, the new currency issued to 400 million, the Republic ofChina agreed Pu Yi temporarily forbidden city, known as "Johnson Qing court ".Intrauterine lifeDuring the Forbidden City, Pu Yi, although the emperor was abdicated, but still living in the Forbidden City, the cost of living allocated by the Republic of China, still living the emperor's life, the Royal tea room is still retained. So, in the dining of the luxury, the level of no less than the previous emperor life. Republic of the first year (1912) September 10, Long Yu for the six-year-old Pu Yi invited the master, began to study. Study first set in Zhongnanhai Yingtai Tong Tung book house. Was the place where the Empress was under house arrest. Many of the master, Lu Runxiang, Xu Fang, Chen Baochen, Zhu Yifan and Liang Dingfen have taught Chinese, Iqitan teach Manchu. In the six or seven years of study, Pu Yi school is mainly thirteen classics, ancient poetry, classical and "university Yan Yi", "Zhu Ji family training", "court motto", "holy encyclical", " Tongjian editing "and the like, did not learn arithmetic, did not learn geography, history.Republic of two years (1913) New Year's Day, Yuan Shikai sent to Pu Yi New Year, the small court is still allegiance. February 22, Long Yu died, Yuan Shikai power offer condolences, the national flag of the second half mourning, posthumous title filial piety King King. Pu Yi abdication is still in the palace when still use Xuan Tong Ji, there are internal government, the clan House, censure division, there are internal supervision, so the minister gift posthumous, not change dress. Violated the king of law by the censure division treatment.In three years (1914) in November, the Republic of China Senate proposed "to maintain the national body of the proposal", asked the government to control the small court of the Qing Qing.Yuan Shikai had to send people to Pu Yi proposed seven "aftermath": one, respect for the Republic of China, abolish the conflict with the national law; Second, with the Republic of China; Third, the reward can only be used for families and families, officials only The royal staff with the Republic of clothing; the sixth by the Republic of China Department of Justice for intrauterine crime cases, deacons, eunuchs illegal by the full court of the court, the royal family can not be issued to the people of the notice, to the punishment; Guard of the guardian of the army to deal with; its seven, cut the Office of the House, cautious division.On June 14th, the former Qing Dynasty minister Zhang Xun to mediate Duan Qirui on behalf of the State Council and Li Yuanhong representative of the Presidential Office of the contradiction between the name of the army of 4,000 people into the Beijing, the Li Yuanhong Ousted On July 1, Zhang Xunbing changed, Xuantong restoration, only 12 years old Pu Yi and sat on the dragon chair, big seal group ministers: Feng Li Honghui for the first class, appointed Zhang Xun, Wang Shizhen, Chen Baochen, Liang Dunyan as cabinet Shenzhen, Zhu Jiabao, Zhan Tianyou, Shen Zengzhi, Lao Naixuan, Li Shengduo, Gongsan Nuoer Bu as foreign affairs, staff, staff, lawyers, lawyers, lawyers, Duty, army, navy, civil affairs, cruise ship, biography, law, agriculture, industry and commerce, management and other ministers, Xu Shichang, Kang Youwei for the Benedictine vice president, also appointed ministries and governors. July 3 Duan Qirui sent troops crusade, 12th, Zhang Xun escaped into the Dutch embassy, the next day Pu Yi announced the second abdication, only sitting eleven days Longjie and under the Taiwan. During the restoration of a Republican aircraft in the ForbiddenCity cast a small bomb over the bombing of the Forbidden City in the East Palace of the Jubilee Palace, so that the building was slightly damaged. This is considered the first air strikes in East Asia.Beijing coupRepublic of China eight years (1919) February 22, the British Empire Scottish military officer Zhuang Shidun to Beijing Forbidden City, served as Pu Yi Dishi, education Pu Yi English, mathematics, world history, geography. Teachers and students feel very Benedict, pass for the story, people talked about. Pu Yi so wide open, began to wear suits, and cut braids, but was Chen Baochen, Zheng Xiaoxu and other conservative opposition. Pu Yi himself left the Forbidden City's desire more urgent. On the one hand, he was influenced by the English teacher Zhuang Shidun, hoping to study abroad, on the other hand he "more than anyone else feel the danger of their own situation." He even and Pu Jie, Johnston secretly developed a plan to escape the Forbidden City, because Wang Gong hearing blocked only failed to achieve.In ten years (1921), Pu Yi and Duan Kang Tai Fei (Jin Fei) because of Fan Yimei dismissal, the outbreak of intense conflict. The original relationship between the two good, Duan Kang Tai Fei in the four emperor in the youngest, the idea is more open, Long Yu after the death of the Queen has been Pu Yi called "imperial emperor." Pu Yi's grandmother Liu Jia and mother of the Soviet Union finished the melon was together with the end of Princess Kang called into the palace, was reprimanded. Young blue because of the strong personality, can not stand this stimulus, go back from the palace after the swallow cigarettes to commit suicide, when he was 37 years old. This incident to Pu Yi caused a great blow.One of the things that will be done almost every day on November 16, in the eleventh year of the Republic of China (1922) December 1, Pu Yi married, married a concubine. Queen is Wan Rong, concubine is the text embroidery. In the Forbidden City, Pu Yi or reading poetry, painting, playing piano, or pinch clay, dog, deer, and sometimes go to the palace outside the car, visiting the street.In the thirteen years of the Republic of China (1924) October 22 night, the second straight in the war in the third army commander General Feng Yuxiang suddenly turned back to Beijing, under the banned election of President Cao Kun, led to the collapse of Wu Peifu. This coup has played a progressive role in resolving the end of the Northern Warlord. But Feng Yuxiang soon found that he was surrounded by the old forces, the "revolution" move step by step difficult, so, simply on November 5, ignoring preferential treatment conditions, send Lu Zhonglin troops into the Forbidden City, forced Pu Yi Palace And get a lot of palace property, historically called this "Beijing coup". Pu Yi moved into the North House (contained Feng's home), and then on November 29 and fled to the Japanese Embassy. The next day, the Japanese minister Fang Zeqian Ji announced to the outside world, "stay" Pu Yi.Jinmen wind and rainThe face of the National Army step by step pressing, once the Emperor's Pu Yi is unbearable. Beijing coup is an important turning point, he changed the fate of many people. How can escape the surveillance of the National Army, as soon as possible to fly, ready to revenge. At this time of Pu Yi, it is imperative to leave the front of this right and wrong is the top priority.In the fourteen years (1925) in February, Pu Yi moved toTianjin concession Zhang Yuan and Jing Park, and the Qing Dynasty left and left by Zhang Zuolin, Duan Qirui, Wu Peifu and other contacts, planning "complex number of palace", once again, Xiaqing small court ". Pu Yi was forced to the palace, the Japanese newspapers have published sympathy Pu Yi's article, for the future establishment of Manchuria rally. Soon, was escorted to Tianjin by the Japanese. To Tianjin Pu Yi, to let go of the hands and feet, breaking their own in the Forbidden City when all the old rules. Pu Yi spent a lot of money on how to dress up their own, with foreign clothing to dress themselves up and down are replaced by Western goods, with their own wife and a concubine out of a variety of places. Western culture, has been slowly eroded Pu Yi. Moreover, in Tianjin, Pu Yi seems to find his feeling of the Qing emperor, in the foreign concessions, he was highly treated, not only in these foreigners to restore their own emperor's name, some only open to foreigners But also specifically for his open, he fully enjoy his "special Chinese" special case and glory. For Pu Yi, to maintain the existing state of life, or even beyond, only through the restoration of their status to achieve, and all this, Pu Yi in the formation of the restoration of thought, but also played a role in fueling.Pu Yi during the concession was very respected by the powers, the consul of these countries, the garrison commander are known as Pu Yi emperor, and Pu Yi birthday will also be greeted, and in the national festivals and other festivals also invited Pu Yi to attend. Through Johnston, Pu Yi met the British consul and garrison commander, and was aware of many people. Although the country gave Pu Yi enough courtesy, but really can give him the support he needs to be very few, many countries are only in the political needs of his former Qing emperorthought. For the visit to the warlords, regardless of the size of the positive contact with them, to establish a good relationship, hoping to get support from. However, in Tianjin for several years, so that Pu Yi's self-esteem has been hit, the parties to the cold talk and let Pu Yi thought has been to protect his Japan. In order to further persuade Pu Yi, the Japanese side sent a known as the "East Lawrence," said the soil fertility of the original two to lobby Pu Yi. In particular, they put forward the new country is Puyi emperor to do the empire, this attractive conditions make Pu Yi no longer tempted, almost without hesitation agreed to the soil fertility of the original Yin two out of all the conditions, immediately left to the northeast.Puppet emperorFrom 1925 to 1932, Pu Yi lived in Tianjin for seven years. His seven years were his seven years of wandering between the factions and his ideas. He was also active in his seven years of restoration. For the collusion with Japan to achieve the restoration of the dream, Pu Yi does not deny that he had no taboo to say: I lived in the Japanese mansion for some days, to Tianjin, I believe that day by day, the Japanese is my future Reinvented the first foreign aid force ... ... I draw the warlords, buy politicians, appointment Keqing no effect, the Japanese position in my heart, even more important.In 1910, after the September 18th Incident, Pu Yi went to Lushun from Tianjin in the same year in November in the same day in Japan, Republic of China twenty-one years (1932) March 1, Japan to support Pu Yi in the northeast region to establish Manchukuo. In September, Japan signed the "date of the Protocol", the Japanese government officially recognized Manchukuo, and Manchuria to recognize Japan's special interestsin Manchuria. Pu Yi since March 1 to the Republic of China twenty-three years (1934) February 28 Manchuria in power, built the "Datong." March 6, the Qing Dynasty Emperor Pu Yi in the Japanese secret agents under the secretly secretly came to the "Tang Gangzi Hot Springs", and with the Kwantung Army commander of the Zhuang Fan on behalf of the board Yuan Zheng Shi Lang signed a "Tang Gangzi hot spring secret", the main content of the secret (2) the management of railways, harbors, waterways and airways necessary for national defense; and (3) the appointment of Japanese people to the full extent of the maintenance of the Japanese forces; (4) The above purposes and provisions are the basis for the conclusion of a formal treaty between the two countries in the future, and Pu Yi is in the process of establishing a formal treaty in the future, and the government of the People's Republic of China, This letter is signed on the letter of the time is March 10, this is the Kwantung Army in order to make this letter effective, legalized.Republic of twenty-three years (1934) to change the number of pseudo "Manchuria Empire", renamed the "emperor", change yuan "Kant". Sign up on March 1. Also served as pseudo "Manchuria Empire" land and sea air force marshal, "Manchuria Empire" Association president honorary president. Japan's Kwantung Army commander of the Japanese more than 200 officials attended the ceremony, and served as "Manchuria Empire" Prime Minister Zheng Xiaoxu exchange of words, said on the spot to be recognized. Pu Yi as a political figure in Asia twice boarded the "Time" magazine, especially the weekly "to solve the four crises of the Far East crisis" portrait.War criminals yearsIn thirty-four years (1945)On August 8, the Soviet Union declared war on Vietnam and attacked Manchuria. August 15, Japan surrendered, Pu Yi promulgated "abdicated edict." Imprisoned for five years in the Soviet Union. During the five years of house arrest, one day went to Tokyo, Japan, "the Far East International Military Court" for the Japanese rulers in China to prove the crime. August 19, Pu Yi in Shenyang East Tower Airport, ready to go to Japan, and the Japanese Kwantung Army soldiers in the Fengtian airport room by the Soviet Red Army airborne arrest, stay in Tongliao to August 20. August 21, Pu Yi was a twin engine Douglas loaded to the Soviet Union Chita No. 1 military airport, was imprisoned in the Molokovka 30 special prison until early November. After being detained in the special prison of Krishna forty-five until the Republic of China thirty-five years (1946) spring.However, in the detention center by the generous treatment, so that many times to the Soviet Union to the Soviet Union expressed willingness to permanently stay in the Soviet Union, asked to join the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, but there are speculation that there may be Pu Yi fear of accountability in the future, and therefore apply for permanent residence.During the Soviet detention, he attended the Far East International Military Court as a witness. Testimony, claiming that during the period of the Manchukuo emperor, completely occupied by the Japanese occupation authorities, there is no personal freedom, nor as the power and dignity of the Head of the Manchukuo corresponding, is the Japanese Kanto army threatened to Nei Manchu. However, after being handed over to the Government of the People's Republic of China, Pu Yi admitted that some of the responsibilities were shirked to the Japanese side (including how to reach Nei Manchu) due to fear of beinginvestigated by the Chinese government in the future, and in the part of the responsibility of both sides.On August 1, 1950, Pu Yi and other Manchukuo 263 "war criminals" in the Suifenhe by the Soviet government transferred to the Chinese government, sent Fushun war criminals management by about ten years of ideological re-education and labor reform. At this point, his number is 981.February 3, 1951, Pu Yi's father love Xinjue Luo contained in the Beijing alcohol Prince House died at the age of 68 years old, to death can not see Pu Yi and Pu Jie last side.Get amnestyOn November 15, 1956, Mao Zedong spoke at the Second Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and further published his basic view on "On the T en Major Relations", and made clear that Pu Yi, who was "Chiang Kai-shek", dealt with them, Can only be gradually transformed, and can not be simply executed. Since then, Pu Yi in Fushun war criminals management spent three years. In the meantime, he carefully carried out the transformation, or visit the tour in the northeast, or concentrate on writing autobiography, or in the high wall of the infirmary and the room before the house to participate in a slight labor, in this wind and rain in the transformation of life, Pu Yi feel Warm, he took the prison as his own home.On September 17, 1959, the ninth meeting of the Standing Committee of the Second National People 's Congress adopted the decision on the amnesty of the criminals who had changed their wickedness according to Mao' s proposal. Subsequently, Liu Shaoqi issued the "People's Republic of amnesty". However, for the first amnesty, Pu Yi did not report much hope, he said: "Noone can have me, my evil serious, on the performance I am not stronger than others. I am not enough amnesty conditions." Not only Pu Yi inferiority The views are similar, that only the official small, small evil, it may be the first amnesty.December 4, 1959 morning, Fushun war criminals management of the first session of the amnesty war criminals held a grand. By the representatives of the Higher People 's Court of Liaoning Province read the notice to the amnesty. Pu Yi how would not have thought, "the People's Republic of China Supreme People's Court amnesty notice - 1959 annual amnesty 001".In March 1960, Pu Yi was assigned to the Beijing Botanical Garden as a gardener and selling tickets. April 30, 1962, Pu Yi and the hospital outside the hospital nurses Li Shuxian married. In 1964, transferred to the CPPCC history and materials research committee as information specialist, and served as the fourth session of the CPPCC National Committee members.1966 after the Cultural Revolution, Zhou Enlai Pu Yi as one of the object of protection, was not the impact of the Cultural Revolution.Sick diedIn 1967, Pu Yi suffering from uremia disease fell ill. Premier Zhou Enlai heard the news, personally call the CPPCC staff, we must cure Pu Yi's disease. After the instructions to arrange him to the capital hospital for Chinese and Western medicine consultation. In the most critical condition, Premier Zhou also assigned the famous old Chinese medicine Pu Fu week to see him, and conveyed Premier Zhou greetings to him, after the treatment was invalid, at 17:30 on October 17, 1967 died. Pu Yi's body according to the relevant laws and regulations of the People's。
清朝的英文介绍
Decline of the Qing Dynasty
• After Emperor Qianlong, the Qing Dynasty gradually declined. • The later successors Emperor Jiaqing and Daoguang didn't have the enterprising spirit, and they just kept reusing the old policies to continue their sovereign.
Empress Dowager Cixi
• In the late 19th century, a new leader emerged. The Empress Dowager Cixi, concubine to the Emperor Xianfeng (r. 1850-1861), the mother of child emperor Tongzhi, and Aunt of Guangxu successfully controlled the Qing government and was the defacto leader of China for 47 years. She staged a coup d'état(/ˌku ːdeɪˌt ː/) to oust ɑ the regency led by Sushun appointed by the late Emperor. She was known for "ruling behind the curtain" (垂帘听政).
The building
The Clothing
The cheongsam is a body-hugging one-piece Chinese dress for women; the male version is the changshan. It is known in Mandarin Chinese as the qipao or chipao, and is also known in English as a mandarin gown. The modernized version is noted for accentuating the figures of women, and as such was popular as a dress for high society. As Western fashions changed, the basic cheongsam design changed too, introducing high-necked sleeveless dresses, bell-like sleeves, and the black lace frothing at the hem. By the 1940s, cheongsam came in a wide variety of fabrics with an equal variety of accessories.
中国戏剧英文介绍
Colourful masks and various roles
White: Sinister, evil, crafty, treacherous, and suspicious. Anyone wearing a white mask is usually the villain.
它的特点是将众多艺术形式以一种标准聚合在一起，在共同具 有的性质中体现其各自的个性。
比较著名的戏曲种类有：京剧（Beijing Opera）、昆曲 (Kunqu)、越剧(Shaoxing Opera)、 秦腔（Shanxi Opera）、黄梅戏(Huangmei Opera) 。
What appeals to foreigners most might be the different styles of facial make-up
During the Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911), it became fashionable among ordinary people. Performances were watched in tearooms, restaurants, and even around makeshift stages. 在清朝(1644 - 1911),它在普通百姓中十分流 行。在茶室,餐馆,甚至在临时搭建的舞台上都可以 看见表演。
Blue: Steadfast, someone who is loyal and sticks to one side no matter what.
Generally, a red face represents loyalty and bravery; a black face, valor; yellow and white faces, duplicity; and golden and silver faces, mystery. Besides color, lines also function as symbols. For example, a figure can be painted either all white on his face, or just around the nose. The larger the white area painted, the more viperous the role.
中国明朝和清朝 英文介绍
Ming China
• The Ming dynasty ruled China from 1368-1644.
• Ming ruler improved Chinese society by:
- reduce taxes - made improvements for agriculture - rid Mongol influences and corruption - expand the power as emperor - civil service exam system
Qing dynasty • It covers 0.72 sq km (0.28 sq mi), of which (38 acres) are floor area. • It has 980 buildings in over 70 palace compounds, with over 8,700 rooms. • It is 961 meters long from south to north and 753 meters wide. • It is surrounded by a 10-meter-high wall, which is 3.4 km (2 miles) long. • It has a 52-meter wide moat round it. • It hosts 14 million visitors per year, a maximum of 80,000 visitors per day.
• The Forbidden City took 14 years to build (from 1406 to 1420). • It was built by over 1,000,000 workers, including more than 100,000
清代历史英文作文
清代历史英文作文英文：During the Qing Dynasty, China experienced a period of political, economic, and cultural growth and development. As the last imperial dynasty, it was characterized by a strong central government, a flourishing economy, and a rich cultural heritage.One of the most significant events during the Qing Dynasty was the Opium War, which occurred in the mid-19th century. The war was a result of the British Empire's desire to trade opium with China, which was illegal under Chinese law. The Chinese government's attempts to stop the trade led to a military conflict with the British, resulting in China's defeat and the signing of the Treaty of Nanking.Another notable event during the Qing Dynasty was the Taiping Rebellion, which was a civil war that lasted from1850 to 1864. The rebellion was led by a man named Hong Xiuquan, who believed he was the younger brother of Jesus Christ. The rebellion resulted in the deaths of millions of people and was eventually suppressed by the Qing government.Despite these challenges, the Qing Dynasty was also a time of great cultural and artistic achievements. The dynasty was known for its literature, painting, calligraphy, and ceramics. One of the most famous painters of the period was Shen Zhou, who was known for his landscapes and bird-and-flower paintings.Overall, the Qing Dynasty was a complex and fascinating period in Chinese history, characterized by both progress and challenges.中文：清朝时期，中国经历了一段政治、经济和文化的成长和发展。
中国戏剧英文介绍
Red: Brave, loyal.
Black: Rough, fierce, or impartial. Yellow: Ambitious, fierce, cool-headed.
During the Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911), it became fashionable among ordinary people. Performances were watched in tearooms, restaurants, and even around makeshift stages. 在清朝(1644 - 1911),它在普通百姓中十分流 行。在茶室,餐馆,甚至在临时搭建的舞台上都可以 看见表演。
2.旦：正旦——主要扮演娴静庄重的青年、中年妇女。重唱功， 多用韵白。因常穿青素褶子，故又名“青衣”。
花旦——多扮演性格明快活泼的青年女性。 此外，还有武旦，老旦等。
3.净：俗称花脸。以面部化妆运用各种色彩和图案勾勒脸谱为突 出标志，扮演性格、气质、相貌上有特异之点的男性角色。
4.丑：丑戏曲表演行当主要类型之一，喜剧角色。 。扮演人物种 类繁多，有的心地善良，幽默滑稽；有的奸诈刁恶，悭吝卑鄙。
which is one of the highlights and requires distinctive techniques of painting. Exaggerated designs are painted on each performer's face to symbolize a character's personality, role, and fate. This technique may have originated from ancient religions and dance.
清朝服制英文介绍作文
清朝服制英文介绍作文英文，As a virtual assistant, I am happy to introduce the clothing system of the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China, and its clothing system was quite unique. The clothing system of the Qing Dynasty can be divided into two categories: official clothing and everyday clothing.Official clothing was worn by officials during important ceremonies and events. It was made of high-quality silk and embroidered with intricate designs. The color of the clothing also represented the wearer's rank and position in society. For example, the emperor wore yellow, while officials wore blue, green, or red depending on their rank.Everyday clothing, on the other hand, was worn by ordinary people. It was made of simpler materials and had a more practical design. Men usually wore long robes with a mandarin collar, while women wore a two-piece outfitconsisting of a blouse and a skirt.One interesting aspect of Qing Dynasty clothing is the use of Manchu-style clothing by the ruling class. The Manchu people were the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, andtheir clothing style was quite different from that of the Han Chinese. The Manchu-style clothing was characterized by a straight collar and a front opening, which was fastened with a row of buttons.Overall, the Qing Dynasty clothing system was a reflection of the society's hierarchical structure and cultural diversity.中文，作为一名虚拟助手，我很高兴向大家介绍清朝的服制。
Qing Dynasty 简介清朝 英文
Qing Dynasty★Introduction简介Qing Dynasty , with its captial Beijing, was the last feudal ruling of China from 1644 to 1912.清代，其首都北京，从1644到1912年，是中国最后的王朝。
★the establishment of the Qing Dynasty清朝的建立After reunifying all the Nuzhen tribes, Nurhachu proclaimed himself emperor in 1616.在统一所有女真部落后，努尔哈赤于1616年称帝。
In 1636, Huang T aiji, son of Nurhachu moved the capital to Shenyang and changed the regime title into 'Qing'.1636年，努尔哈赤的儿子皇太极，迁都沈阳，改国号为“清”，建立了清朝。
★Kangxi and consolidation康熙时期及政权的巩固The Kangxi Emperor (r. 1662 - 1722) assumed the throne at age eight .康熙皇帝（1662 -1722）八岁继承皇位。
During the early years of his reign, he was largely aided by his grandmother, the Grand Empress Dowager, Xiaozhuang.在他统治的初期，他在很大程度上是得益于他的祖母，太皇太后孝庄。
Kangxi is the longest reigning of all Chinese rulers. During his long rule he set the policy direction for the empire and stabilized it.他是中国所有的统治者种在位时间最长的一位。
清朝(英文版中国历史)
The age of the Qing Dynasty is, not only in the eyes of Westerners, but also in the mind of Chinese，a period of prosperity, of decay，of stag-nation，of revolution，of laziness and of challenges that came upon a population that seemed to sleep a beauty’s sleep of Confucian social ethics in a paradise where a wise ruler governed over a satisfied and happy population，and on the other side a society that was bound by rules of a backward social thinking.The period of early and middle Qing Dynasty Is the culmination of two thousand years of bureaucratical administration, two thousand years of literature, thinking and art.Their rule over the majority ofculturedand highly sophisticated Chinese population was only possible by a mixture of authoritarianism, or force, and paternalism, or benevolence.The second and third generation emperors of the Qing learned that it was only possible to rule China if the Manchu became Chinese themselves , not racially, but culturally and mentally.Therefore, the three great emperors with the reign mottos Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, saw themselves as protectors of Chinese literature and art.China was the largest, richest and most effectively governed state of the world till the 18th century.Internal problems and external conflicts led to the decay of a glorious empire from the beginning of 19th century, focusing on the Opium war and the following unequal treaties.After the Qing army entered the Shanhai Gate, the surrendered general from Ming, Wu Sangui was conferred the title of Pingxiwang and stationed in Yunnan ；Shang Kexi Pingnanwang in Guangdong, Geng Jingzhong Jing-puwang in Fujian.They were called uThree FeudatoriesThe Three Feudatories had their armies and set up their own separatist regime, acting like the independent kingdoms and spending a great deal of military expenditure, which made half of the national wealth be spent on them ”.The Three Feudatories were arrogant and domineering，becoming the barriers for the Qing Government to stablize the national political power and strengthen the frontiers.When Kangxi came to theign, he took it as the task of top priority to cut down to state the Three ries. His suppression of the Three Feudatories was helpful to the integration of the nation.The Qing Dynasty unified Taiwan, strengthened the communication between Taiwan and the inland, improved the development of Taiwan and consolidated the Southeast.Qing also enforced its control over Mongol and Xinjiang, suppressed the rebellion of the entry of Huijiang and enhanced the management in Tibet.All of these provided the favorable conditions for the development of the economy.From the mid-time of Kangxi, the agricultural production had restored and developed gradually. The handicrafts in the Qing Dynasty were more prosperous than that in the Ming Dynasty.Literature ：The Qing emperors understood themselves as patrons of artistsand writers. Especially the Emperor Kangxi promoted the compilation and publication of all knowledge and writing of China.During his reign the History of Ming Dynasty came off the press, along with, the illustrated encyclopedia Gujin Tushu Jicheng , the Collection of Tang Poetry and Tang Prose Writings , the character dictionary Kangxi Dictionary , the Rhyme Dictionary , and the collection Siku Quanshu , a compendium that tried to subsummize all existent writings that had ever been published. Emperor Kangxi made great cotributions to Chinese literature.However his two successors went to far In order to ensure their rulership, they got literary inquisitions into full swing. Therefore, literary critics at that time were punished. The literary standard of the Qing rulers also enclosed demoralizing writings. Qing novels, which are colorful and rich in daily language, is therefore very different from Yuan and Ming novels.Qing novels like Cao Xueqin^ 14 Dream of Red Mansion , Wu Jingzi'S The Scholars , 〇nd Xi〇Jingxu^ u Words of an Old Peasant Sunning are written in a very subtitle language with many reminiscences to the old literature that can only be understood by well educated people.Likewise are the short story collections like Pu Songling^ 44 Strange Accounts from, the Leisure Study , Yuan Mei^ u What Confucius did not Say f,, and Ji Yun^ u Essays from the Short Grass Hall”•Less popular anthologies are Pu Songling’s “Xingshi Yinyuan”or a Matrimonial Causations Awakening the World.In the sphere of high-class theatre, we also find a subtle and romantic style in the plays of Li Yu (the erotic novel M Rouputuan or M Carnal Prayer Matyi is attributed to him), Hong Sheng (u Hall of Everlasting Life ) 〇nd Kong Shangren ( Peach Blossom Fan ).From the end of 18th century on, the private correspondence between scholars was written in a very free and apolitical style (for example, the autobiography u Six Records of an Unsteady Life ty by Shen Fu), and even in the public sphere, we find writers that did not hesitate to show their unconventional standpoint, like the poet and essayist Yuan AAei and Li Ruzhen (writing the nover“The Causal Connection of a Flower and Its Mirror Reflection”）who both supported thoughts of equal rights for women.For the scholars that lived during the conquest of the Manchu, the downfall of the Ming regime was a prove for the abuse of authoritarian power of the central government in Beijing.However, these people did not only criticize the Ming autocracy, and thereby supporting the new Qing rulers. Thinkers and philosophers of the new age (mid 17th century to 18th century) also criticized the traditional, sterile and impeding style of Confucian classics that had been interpreted by the Neo-Confucianists of the Song and Ming eras. Criticizing or overworshiping the liter-ature authoritarism of the Ming also meant doubting the legitimacy of the new rulers.Many scholars were put to death for opposing the Qing regime, like Jin Shengtan, but others stayed unmolested, like the important history critics Huang Zongxi, the evolution theoretician Wang Fuzhi, Fang Yizhi, and Gu Yanwu. All of these philosophers were oriented to practical sciences and interpreted philosophy only as one part of a cosmism of sciences, the study of classical Confucian writings and their interpretations were by no means the heart of education.This viewpoint was deduced by Gu Zuyu, Mei Wending, Yan Yuan, and Li Gong. The school of thinking that leads to a deepgoing change in the life of Confucian classics was the movement of text criticism that came up during the second half of 17th century.The Rites of Zhou and the Book of Documentswere identified as later compositions than they purported to be, many histories and stories about early Confucian saints and rulers were detected as being later inventions. The Book of Songs did not only contain hymns for the Zhou rulers, but also simple love songs.Confucius and the writings attributed to him were dethroned by man like Wan Sida, Yan Ruoqu, Hu Wei, Yuan Mei, Wang Zhong, Cui Shu, and Hui Dong.This movement was quite similar to the first researches of the Greek and Hebrew original texts of the bible, a book whose Latin version had been sacrosanct since the being of Christianity.Zhang Xuecheng was one of the first historians to lay stress on the importance of local history of the huge empire of China. Every document, he said, had to be incorporated into a historiography, and not only annals and edicts like the official histories did. Historiography should also be a personal work although there might be subjective interpretations.Probably the most important writer and scientist of early and middle Qing peri-od was Dai Zhen, a universal scholar, mathematician, philologist, one of the ed卜tors of the collection Siku Quanshu , and philosopher；the most objective and earnest criticist of Neo-Confucian interpretation of the classical writings and their nature philosophy.His most important philosophical writing might be The Origin of Goodness ’’or Yuanshan •Instead of the Neo-Confucian universal order, he interpreted any being as being guided and led by breath, odem or matter that helps the abstract cosmic order to manifest all appearances.Books about practical science and philology were not only written and published by scholars or officials, but also by rich merchants that patronized writers and artists and that engaged themselves in studies about geography, chronology, epigraphy, mathematics, philology, and the Confucian Classics.The places for scholars preparing for the state examinationswere provided by private academies. Private studies and patronage only ended with the financial and economical ruin of the rich merchant families of the lower Yangtze area at the end of 18th century. But all of these made the writing prosperous in the early and middle of the Qing Dynasty.Science and technology ：There are many fields of social activities and sciences the two cultural spheres learned from each other. During the end of Ming and beginning of Qing Dynasty, the Jesuit padres residing at the imperial court in Beijing was important media for the cultural and technical exchange from east to west and vice versa.While the Jesuits showed to the Chinese upper class the technical inventions made in Europe during the past century, like watches and astronomical instruments, they were impressed by the high standards of Chinese medicine, and land surveying.Chinese painters and musicians adopted European concepts of art. Chinese painters and calligraphers had always stood in the century-old tradition of elder patterns and models. Musicians did not live as famous composers, but as nameless instruments of the ritual art of music.The west was inspired by technically improved objects like suspension-bridges with iron chains, a push cart with a sail, rotating de-spelting machines, magnetism, and much more. The great universal genius Leibniz undertook deepgoing investigations into Chinese technique.Silk worms were introduced to the west some centuries before, but industrial production of silk could only be established in the 16th century. The German J. F. Bett-ger accidentally invented porcelain, but the need for Chinese porcelain was very high in the stream of a China fashion in 18th century Europe.Philosophers interpreted the tranquil and prosperous empire of the Kangxi and Qianlong Emperors as the ideal state, headed by a wise monarch. Until the end of 18th century, China was technically much more advanced than the west, and only the industrial revolution helped the western states to become prevalent powers during the 19th century, giving them a sentiment of being superior to the backward Chinese empire.Art：Qing Dynasty art can be called a culmination of all art styles that have been developed during the past 2500 years. Unlike Ming artists , artisans, painters, calligraphers and craftsmen during the Qing period used very old forms and shapes for their works of art.Chinaware and lacquerware objects were given not only the bulgy shapes that had developed since the Song Dynasty, but we find also vases or cups with the shape of Shang or Zhou bronze ware like the zun type. Gourd shapes vessels，vases with threeopenings or more，the typical “rice”bowls and the small tea cups and tea pots we know today all developed during the QingDynasty.The typical bluegreen of the Ming chinaware changed to a broader palett of colors, ranging from orange to green and gold ；Qing chinaware is much more colorful than the former types.New materials extensively used now are enamel, cloisonne and glass ware. Materials like jade, gold and cloisonne are first combined in a single art object.Additionally, a dark wooden base for vases or other i-tems came up. We also possess a lot of objects made from easy decayable materials like wood or bamboo, for example furniture, and of course cloth material that served as daily worn dress, or as simple object of admiration.In the field of calligraphy, Qing artists went on to use the traditional styles of writing, but unlike Ming calligraphers, people now studied the oldest examples of Chinese script like the oracle bones and bronze vessel inscriptions. With the advent of Christian missionaries in China, Chinese painters learned from the Jesuits Western painting techniques like perspective and the use of oil-paint instead of monochrome ink.Even buildings and palaces were constructed according to the Western style, like the Yuanmingyuan Palace that was destroyed in the 19th century the Eight-Power Allied Forces. Typical for the Qing Dynasty private houses are the many gardens laid out by rich families in Suzhou and Hangzhou.。
清朝诗词的英文介绍
浣溪沙·Stream Silk-Rinsing
• • • • • •
谁念西风独自凉？ 谁念西风独自凉？ 萧萧黄叶闭疏窗。 萧萧黄叶闭疏窗。 沉思往事立残阳。 沉思往事立残阳。 被酒莫惊春睡重， 被酒莫惊春睡重， 赌书消得泼茶香。 赌书消得泼茶香。 当时只道是寻常。 当时只道是寻常。
• Cold on my own in the west wind, dear knows? • Incised windows blind by the fall of the rustled leaves, • In the setting sun the past to my mind flows. • Let my cup not to jerk awake her thick Spring sleep, • A go of the happy union was not made on nerves. • Who could only assume that were common shows!
采桑子· Picking Mulberries
• Emotionally, the bright moon will mock me, • Mock me yet now, • For my unworthy of the sense the Spring allow, • Also of my lonely sauntering and chanting. • Lately, I am shy of the say about the past • Guys in the same camp. • Shallow is the moon, and deep the lamp, • Where’ er to seek them, dream or clouds as I tramp?
介绍太庙的作文英文
介绍太庙的作文英文English Answer:The Imperial Ancestral Temple (太庙), located in Beijing, China, is a sacred complex dedicated to honoring the ancestors of the Chinese emperors. Built during the Ming dynasty in 1387, it has undergone several expansions and renovations throughout history, most notably during the Qing dynasty. The temple is a testament to the deep Confucian principles that shaped Chinese imperial culture and the veneration of ancestors.The Imperial Ancestral Temple is a vast complex that covers an area of over 300,000 square meters. It consists of several main buildings, including the Hall of Supreme Harmony (太和殿), the Hall of Central Harmony (中和殿), and the Hall of Preserving Harmony (保和殿). These halls were used for imperial ceremonies and rituals, such as the annual winter solstice sacrifices, where the emperor would pay homage to his ancestors.The most important part of the temple is the Hall of Ancestors (太庙). This hall contains the spirit tablets of the deceased emperors, empresses, and other members of the imperial family. The tablets are arranged in order of seniority, with the tablets of the founding emperor of each dynasty placed in the center of the hall. Visitors to the temple can witness the elaborate rituals and ceremoniesthat are still performed today to honor the imperial ancestors.In addition to its religious significance, the Imperial Ancestral Temple is also a masterpiece of Chinese architecture. The buildings are designed in the traditional Chinese palace style, with yellow glazed tiles, intricate carvings, and painted decorations. The temple complex is surrounded by lush gardens and courtyards, creating a serene and harmonious environment.中文回答：太庙，位于北京，是一座用来纪念历代中国皇帝祖先的神圣建筑群。
圆明园景点英文介绍作文
圆明园景点英文介绍作文英文：Yuanmingyuan, also known as the Old Summer Palace, is a famous scenic spot located in the northwest of Beijing. This palace was built in the 18th century and served as the imperial garden of the Qing Dynasty. It covers an area of 350 hectares and is known for its exquisite architecture, beautiful scenery, and rich cultural heritage.The palace is divided into three parts: the Yuanmingyuan, the Wanchunyuan, and the Changchunyuan. The Yuanmingyuan is the largest and most important part of the palace, with numerous buildings, gardens, and lakes. The Wanchunyuan is a garden with a large lake, and the Changchunyuan is a garden with a small hill.One of the most famous attractions in the Yuanmingyuan is the European-style palaces, which were built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong. These palaces were designed byEuropean architects and are a unique blend of Chinese and Western architecture. The palaces were once filled with treasures, including paintings, sculptures, and rare artifacts, but unfortunately, they were looted anddestroyed by the British and French troops during the Second Opium War in 1860.Despite the damage caused by the war, the Yuanmingyuan still retains its charm and beauty. Visitors can admire the ruins of the European-style palaces, stroll through the gardens, and enjoy the peaceful lakes. The palace is also home to many cultural relics, such as ancient stone tablets, bronze statues, and porcelain vases, which provide aglimpse into the rich history and culture of China.中文：圆明园，又称为老 Summer Palace，是位于北京西北部的著名景点。
英文介绍李家大院的作文
英文介绍李家大院的作文英文：I recently had the opportunity to visit Li Family Courtyard, a historic residence located in the small town of Xinghua in Jiangsu province, China. The courtyard, which dates back to the Qing dynasty, is a stunning example of traditional Chinese architecture and design.As I walked through the courtyard, I was struck by the intricate details and craftsmanship of the buildings and gardens. The main hall, with its ornate roof and intricate carvings, was particularly impressive. I also enjoyed exploring the various courtyards and gardens, which were filled with beautiful flowers and trees.One of the things that stood out to me about Li Family Courtyard was the way it reflected the values andtraditions of Chinese society. For example, the courtyard was designed to be a space for family gatherings andcelebrations, with different areas designated for different activities. This emphasis on family and community is an important part of Chinese culture, and it was fascinatingto see it reflected in the design of the courtyard.Overall, my visit to Li Family Courtyard was a memorable and enlightening experience. I learned a lotabout Chinese history and culture, and I was impressed by the beauty and craftsmanship of the courtyard.中文：我最近有机会参观了位于江苏省兴化市的李家大院，这是一座历史悠久的住宅，建于清朝时期。
林则徐纪念馆英文介绍
林则徐纪念馆英文介绍Located in Fuzhou, Fujian province, the Lin Zexu Memorial Hall is a historical site dedicated to the renowned Chinese official Lin Zexu. It serves as a tribute to his contributions to Chinese history and culture. 林则徐纪念馆位于福建省福州市，是一个致力于纪念著名中国官员林则徐的历史遗址，以向他对中国历史和文化的贡献致敬。
Lin Zexu, also spelled Lin Tse-hsu, was a Qing Dynasty official who is best known for his role in the First Opium War. He was appointed as Imperial Commissioner to Guangdong in 1839 and was tasked with suppressing the opium trade. 林则徐，又称林则徐，是清朝官员，以他在第一次鸦片战争中的角色而闻名。
1839年，他被任命为广东省的首席专员，并负责镇压鸦片贸易。
The memorial hall features artifacts, documents, and exhibits that showcase Lin Zexu's life and achievements. Visitors can learn about his efforts to combat the opium trade and his impact on Chinese history. 纪念馆展示了有关林则徐的生平和成就的文物、文件和展品。
中国古代服饰介绍英文
Tang Chinese clothing
●bold 大胆的 ●colorful 多彩的 ●various styles 样式繁多
清朝
在清朝,服饰都是雍容 华贵的。根据清政府 规定，人们那时穿的 衣服应该适合他们的 社会地位,官位阶级和 生活方式。因为满族 是清代少数的力量,清 朝的服装展现了一个 明显的游牧民族的特 征。
Qing Chinese clothing
●Rectangular outline (外轮廓呈长方形) ● clothes do not get the waist down (衣服上下不取腰身) ● Horseshoe-shaped sleeve cover hand (马蹄袖盖手)
● set rolling craft decoration (镶滚工艺装饰)
Qing Chinese clothing
● shirt is not exposed (衫不露外) ● the right-side lapel of junction decorated with buttons (偏襟右衽以盘纽为饰) ● clothing plus clothing (衣外加衣) ● increase waistcoat or jacket (增加坎肩或马褂)
Han Chinese clothing
● bugle-shaped lap(喇叭状 下摆) ● cross collar style (usually overlap the right collar to the left one交领右衽)
● hide the band and the buttons（隐扣束带）
Chinese ancient garment
中国古代服饰
故宫房间英文介绍作文
故宫房间英文介绍作文英文：As a tour guide at the Forbidden City, I have the privilege of showing visitors around the magnificent palace complex. One of the most fascinating aspects of the Forbidden City is the variety of rooms and halls within its walls. Each room has its own unique purpose and history.For example, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is the largest and most important hall in the Forbidden City. It was used for important ceremonies and imperial examinations during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The hall is decorated with intricate carvings and paintings, and the throne of the emperor is located here.Another interesting room is the Palace of Heavenly Purity, which was the residence of the emperor and his family. The room is decorated with beautiful murals and furnishings, and it was the site of many importantpolitical decisions during the Qing dynasty.There are also many smaller rooms within the Forbidden City, such as the Hall of Mental Cultivation, which was the residence of the emperors during the latter part of theQing dynasty. The room is decorated with beautiful calligraphy and paintings, and it was where the emperor conducted his daily affairs.Overall, the rooms of the Forbidden City provide a fascinating glimpse into the lives of the emperors andtheir families. Each room has its own unique story to tell, and it is truly a wonder to explore.中文：作为紫禁城的导游，我有幸带领游客参观这座宏伟的宫殿群。
昆曲介绍英文作文
昆曲介绍英文作文英文：As a Chinese traditional art form, Kunqu opera has a long history and unique style. It originated in the Ming Dynasty and was popular in the Qing Dynasty. It is knownfor its elegant and refined performances, exquisite costumes, and poetic lyrics. Kunqu opera is a comprehensive art form that integrates singing, dancing, acting, and martial arts.The music of Kunqu opera is characterized by its slow and graceful rhythm, and the lyrics are written inclassical Chinese. The performers use a variety of techniques to express emotions, such as facial expressions, gestures, and body movements. The costumes are also an important part of the performance, with different colors and designs representing different characters and social status.One of the most famous Kunqu opera plays is "The Peony Pavilion", which tells the story of a young woman who falls in love with a scholar in a dream and eventually dies of lovesickness. The play is known for its beautiful language and touching plot, and has been adapted into various forms of art, such as novels, films, and TV dramas.Kunqu opera is not only a traditional art form, but also a cultural heritage of China. It has been recognized by UNESCO as a masterpiece of oral and intangible heritage of humanity. As a Chinese, I am proud of our cultural heritage and hope that more people around the world can appreciate the beauty of Kunqu opera.中文：作为中国传统艺术形式，昆曲有着悠久的历史和独特的风格。