环境科学专业英语

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4 环境科学与工程专业英语第一章 unit2

understanding and controlling many of the complex interactions between human activities and nature.

在理解和控制人类活动和自然界复杂的相互作用上所需的科学知识的巨大差异

Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or

污染可以定义为空气、水和陆地的物理、化学或生物性能被迫
发生改变，对人类或其他生命机体的健康、生存和活动造成了有害影响。

Pollution：污染 Pollutant: 污染物质 Contamination: 污染，污染物 The act or process of contaminating. The state of being contaminated. One that contaminates.
环境：是指我们周围的物理和生物环境，我们可以看到，听到，触到，闻到和感受到这些事物。

Practice：Environment can be defined as: (1) the circumstance or conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms, or (2) the complex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or community.
环境也可以定义为(1) 一个生物个体或生物群体周围的状况或条件；（natural environment）（2）影响个体或群体的复杂的社会或文化条件。（ bulit environment）

环境科学专业英语

环境科学专业英语minimization:最小化减到最小限度；估到最低额；轻视极小化installation:安装安装，装置；就职安装设施permeability: 渗透率，渗透性；透磁率，导磁系数；充满磁导率渗透率dispute: 争议，辩论；争吵vt. 辩论；怀疑；阻止；抗拒vi. 争辩final storage quality:可最终储存量disposal:处置，处理；支配；清理；安排批地sanitary:卫生，公共厕所adj. 卫生的，清洁的卫生的，环境卫生的，demolition:拆除，毁坏，破坏，拆毁，拆卸hazardous waste landfill:有毒废弃物填埋landfill-gas migration:填埋气迁移behalf:代表seepage:渗流，[流] 渗流；渗漏；渗液渗出的量leachate: 渗滤液，沥出物；沥出液沥滤液渗漏污水residual: 残余，剩余；误差残渣adj. 剩余的；残留的dilution: 稀释，稀释，冲淡；稀释法；冲淡物稀释摊薄aquifer: 含水层，蓄水层；含水土层，畜水层intergranular: adj. 颗粒间的，晶粒间的间粒状的颗粒间的carbonate content:碳酸盐含量optimum:最正确成效；最适宜条件最正确adj. 最适宜的a leachate front:渗滤液前沿inhibit: vt. 抑制；禁止阻止degradation: n. 退化；降格，降级；堕落降解降级conjunction: n. 结合；[语] 连接词；同时发生〔连词〕合取restoration: n. 复原；复位；王政复辟；归还修复复原parameter: n. 参数；系数；参量变数hazardous wasye landfills:有毒废气物填埋impervious：可不能受到损害的，不受阻碍的saturated 饱和的;渗透的liner 1. 班轮;班机 2. 画线的人;画线工具 3.眼线笔;眼线膏 4.【棒】平飞球 5衬板flux 1流出2. 涨潮3. 变迁4. 【物】通量5.【化】助熔剂overload vt.1.使超载,使负荷过多[(+with)] n.1.超载;超负荷[C] clay n. [U ]1. 粘土;泥土2.(上帝造人的)泥土;(人的)躯体,肉体leachate 1. 渗漏污水；沥滤液 2. 浸出液hydrogeological adj. 水文地质的strata 1. 地层 2. 复数Comparison of StrategiesMake an conclusion: At the end of this article, the author points that our currently and recently operated landfills ate designed to maintain the waste forever but never disposes it completely. So even if the bottom liner system and the cap are durable, the leachate will cause a big disaster to our environment and affect our humen's health. To avoid this condition occurring,the writer give us the new word "final storage quality facility"(最终储存特性设备)and tells us how to do in disposing waste process. Besides, he analyses the profits we will make if we take action.文摘填埋场设计和操作有两个要紧的战略：(1) 稀释衰减法(2) 防漏储存法稀释衰减法策略的有效性要紧依靠于其上操纵和可靠的化学、物理和生物过程在白费自己的运作,并在可推测的衰减过程中潜在的岩层。

环境科学专业英语翻译

U11、1．What is Envoronmental Science?环境科学是研究和评价环境影响的一门学科。

环境科学家们首先试图去认识人类在自然环境中各种活动的样态、影响和变化。

环境科学家们他们知道正在发生着什么，然后去寻找这种原因或多种原因。

他们通常也能够去探求这些答案。

2、Solutions to Environmental Problems鉴于环境科学对理解人类对自然环境影响的重要性，社会通常依靠环境政策、环境教育以及环境技术来解决环境问题。

环境政策和教育这两者与改变人们的习惯和行为相关。

环境政策甚至更能直接调整生活习惯。

空气净化法案，例如，制定某些因工业设备允许排放的某些种类气体的排放标准（允许水平）。

至于环境教育，它试图以更细微的方式改变人们的习惯。

比如说，教育大多数的消费者关于汽车引起的空气污染，可能会使一些人改变他们的行为，采用污染更少的交通方式，如步行、自行车或公交交通等。

最后，环境技术通过使用代替的工具、或减少环境影响的程序来用于解决环境问题。

例如，像大家都知道的触媒转化器，安装于排气系统，用于中和汽油燃烧室发动机排出的废气。

为解决特定的环境问题，社会通常借助于环境政策、环境教育以及环境技术三种形式或其组合来实现。

3、The Enviroment as a System为较好地认识自然环境，人们对环境的影响以及人们通过改变行为和使用技术来减少对于环境影响的方式，我们最好从“系统”的角度来思考自然或自然环境。

一个系统可以看做各要素相互作用、相互关联或相互依赖的组群，也可看成是各种要素的一个集合体。

把自然环境作为一个系统来考虑，它是由四部分构成，每部分都有自己的形式、体系安排、特征和动力学。

这五种亚系统包括：大气圈---覆盖在地球周围的气体或气体地球；岩石圈---由岩石和矿物构成的固体地球；水圈------地球的水或地球液体；生物圈---地球的生命，包括植物、动物、昆虫和除人类之外的所有有生命的东西。

环境科学专业词汇英语

环境科学与工程专业英语词汇汇总

环境科学专业英语》专业词汇unit 1 ：1. 环境科学与工程environmental engineering and science ；2. 排污权交易pollution discharge right trade ；3. 修复技术restoration technique ；4. 臭氧消耗物质ozone consumption material ；5. 地下水subsurface water ；6. 人口增长population growth ；7. 卫生设施与基础设施health facilities and infrastructure ;8.环境健康风险environmental health risk ；9. IPCC政府间气候变化专门委员会Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change；10. CFCs 氯氟烃chlorofluorocarbon ；11. 安全的饮用水safe drinking water ；12. 温室气体greenhouse gas；13. 酸雨acid rain ；14. 城市化urbanization ；15. 工业废弃地derelict in dustrial land ; 16.臭氧层chemosphere； 17.全球大气污染the global air pollution ；18.全球变暖的趋势the trend of global warming；19. 污染物的传输contaminant transport ；20. 污染预防pollution prevention unit 4 ：1. 完整性和可持续性integrity and sustainability ；2. 退化与受损的生态系统the ecosystem has been degraded and damaged ；3. 生态系统的结构、组成和功能the ecosystem's structure,composition and functioning ；4. 恢复原始的景观recover its predisturbance state ；5. 文化信仰与习俗cultural beliefs and customs；6. indigenous species 本土物种；7. opportunist species 优势种；8. 自然作用the function of nature ；9. 火山爆发volcanic eruption ；10. 历史轨迹historic trajectory ；11. 基础的生态学数据baseline ecological data ；12. 预测模型predictive models ；13. 外来入侵物种alien invasive species ；14. 生态修复Ecological Restoration ；15. 恢复生态学Restoration Ecology ；16. 全球变化global changing ；17. 监控方法the monitoring function ；18. 在干扰之前in predisturbanee ；19.根据…制图be charted from ；20.集体的决定collective decisionUnit 7:1、案头研究与野外调查相结合的办法 A combined method of desk study and field study2、法定限值statutory threshold value ；3、地图、表格、曲线与照片的利用The use of maps,graphs/charts,tables and photographs ；4、环境影响评价法The law of Environmental impact assessment ；5、影响预测impact prediction ；6、减缓措施mitigation measures ；7、背景研究baselinestudies ；8 、环境要素与环境受体environmental components and environmental receptors 9、项目说明书project specification ；10、累积影响cumulative impacts ；11 、环境影响报告书Environmental Impact Statement ；12、ERAEnvironmental risk assessment；13、residual impacts 潜在的影响；14、项目施工期constrution phase ；15、可替代的生产技术的选择Selection of alternative production techniques ；16、定性分析与定量分析相结合Combineof qualitative assessment and quantitative assessment; 17、基础方案base case 18、监控程序monitoring procedures ; 19、流程图分析flow chart analysis ；20、事件树分析event tree analysis ；Unit 12:1. 城市污水的处理深度; treatment levels of municipal sewage ;2. 排放许可pischarge permits ;3. 单元操作; unit oprations ;4. 单元过程; unit process ;5. 污水预处理; preliminary tereatment of sewage;6. 污水一级处理; primary treatment of sewage;7. 污水二级处理; secondary treatment of sewage;8. 污水三级处理; tertizry treatment of sewage;9. 污水高级处理; advanced treatment of sweage ; 10. 生物营养物去除; biological nu trie nt removal ;11. 氮和磷；n itroge n and phosphorus ；12. BODbiological oxygen demand；13. TSS total suspended solids ；14. 污水消毒；sweage disinfection ；15. VOC volation organic compound 挥发性有机物；16. 紫外线消毒；UV radiation disinfection ；17. 下水道溢流；sewer verflow ；18. 大肠菌；colliform bacteria ；19. 回流returnflow ；20. 过滤filtration ；21. 城市污水处理厂municipal sewage plants ；22. 市政工程municipal engineering ；23. 生物处理系统biological treatment systems ；24. 有机物organic matter ；25. 工程决断engineering judgement ；26. 当地法规local regulations ；27. 沉降作用sedimentation ；28. 可沉淀的颗粒物settleable particles ；29. 反渗透reverse osmosis ；30. 膜生物反应器membrane bioreactors ；31. 涡流分流器vortex separators ；32. 污水净化sewageclarification ；33. 超滤ultrafiltration ；34. 出水水质water quality of effluent ；35. 富营养化nutrientenrichment/eutrophication ；36. 点源污染point source pollution ；37. 面源污染（非点源污染）nonpoint source pollution ；38. 老化的基础设施aging infrastructure ；39. 紫外灯UV lamp；40. 土地处理过程land treatment process。

环境科学专业英语教学大纲

环境科学专业英语教学大纲01．教学单位名称：环境与资源学院02．课程代码：64106203．课程名称：环境科学专业英语04．课程英文名称:Professional English in Environmental Science05．课程类别：学科基础课06．课程性质：选修07．课程学时：48学时08．课程学分：309．授课对象：环境科学专业本科生10．开课学期：5学期（秋季）11．选用教材：张晖等编著：环境科学与工程专业英语，科学出版社，2009年11月第二版12. 主要参考书：[1]胡龙兴编：环境科学与工程专业英语，中国石化出版社，2011年12月第一版[2]彭举威等编：新编环境科学与工程专业英语，化学工业出版社，2010年7月第一版13. 大纲执笔人：14. 课程中文简介：环境科学专业英语是为环境科学本科生开设的一门课程。

环境科学专业英语课程所选阅读材料均来自近年出版的英文原版教材，专著或其他文献资料，内容涵盖环境科学的各个研究方向，包括环境化学，环境生物学，环境生态学，环境规划与管理，环境经济学，环境法学，和环境工程蹙额等。

通过本门课的学习，学生应该能够掌握一定数量的环境科学专业词汇，学习专业构词表达法，最后能够较好的阅读，理解，翻译环境科学专业文献，提高学生在环境科学专业领域的英语应用能力。

15. 课程英文简介:Professional English in environmental science is a course opened to students majored in environmental sciences. All materials in this course were selected from original English textbooks, academic monographs, and other professional literature, and the those materials cover all aspects of environmental science, including environmental chemistry, environmental biology, environmental ecology, environmental planning and management, environmental economy, environmental laws, and environmental engineering. Through the study of this course, the students should learn some vocabulary and grammar in environmental science. By taking this class, the students should improve their overall English skill in environmental science, and they are expected to read, comprehend, and translate academic literature in the field.16. 课程包含的教学任务、教学要求和教学目的(1)教学任务Unit 1（3学时）Introduction of environmental engineering and scienceUnit 2（3学时）Finding solutions for tough environmental problemsUnit 3（3学时）Climate change and greenhouse effectUnit 4（3学时）Overview of ecological restorationUnit 5（3学时）Environmental security: an evolving conceptUnit 6（3学时）The process of environmental assessmentUnit 7（3学时）Introduction to environmental information systemUnit 8（3学时）International standard for environmental management system (ISO14000)Unit 9（3学时）Overview of environmental and resource economics as a subdiscipline in economicsUnit 10（3学时）Environmental analytical chemistryUnit 11（3学时）Wastewater treatmentUnit 12（3学时）Advanced wastewater treatmentUnit 13（3学时）Control of pollutant particlesUnit 14（3学时）Disposal of unprocessed refuse in sanitary landfillUnit 15（3学时）Planning and realization of soil remediationUnit 16（3学时）How to write a scientific paper(2)教学要求在每节课的学习中，学生应该掌握相关环境科学专业词汇熟练朗读，总并翻译相关课程材料了解相关环境科学专业英语表达法教学手段：以教师教授结合多媒体教学为主。

环境科学与工程-专业英语词汇必备

环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类环境学总论原生环境primary environment 次生环境secondary environment 生态示区ecological dem on strate area 环境地质学environmental geology 环境地球化学environmen tal geo-chemistry 环境土壤学environmental soil scienee 环境微生物学environmental microbiology环境危机environmental crisis环境保护environmen tal protect ion 环境预测environmental forecasting 环境自净environmental self-purification 环境效应environmental effect 环境容量environmental capacity 环境演化evolution of environment 环境舒适度environmental comfort 环境背景值（本底值）environmental backgro und value环境保护产业（环保产业）environmental product ion in dustry环境壁垒（绿色壁垒）environmental barrier绿色革命green revolution 可持续发展susta in able developme nt第三类环境问题（社会环境问题）the third environmen tal problem 悬浮物suspended solids 一次污染物primary pollutant 二次污染物secondary pollutant 全球性污染global pollution 排污收费pollution charge 可更新资源renewable resources 不可更新资源non-renewable resources 自然保护区natural reserve area 防护林protect ion forest 公害public nuisanee 矿山公害mining nuisanee 工业废水in dustrial waste water 矿山废水mining drain age 生活饮用水domestic potable water 草原退化grassland degeneration 沙漠化desertification 人口压力population pressure 人口净增率rate of population 全球环境监测系统global environment mon itori ng system GEMS 中国环境保护工作针Chin ese policy for environment protect ion"三同时” 原贝U principle of “the three at the same time ”二噁英公害dioxine nuisanee 马斯河谷烟雾事件disaster in Meuse Valley多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora 伦敦烟雾事件disaster in Lon don 水俣病事件minamata disease incident 骨痛病事件itai-itai disaster incident 洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件Los Angeles photochemical smog episode四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode米糠油事件Yusho disease incident水圈hydrosphere水循环water circulation环境地学地面水（地表水）surface water水位water level下渗（入渗）sinking蒸发evaporation最高水位highest water level最低水位lowest water level平均水位average water level 冲刷washout 含水层aquifer隔水层（不透水层）aquiclude透水层permeable stratum层间水in terlayer water承压水（有压层间水）confined water 或自流水artesian water隙水void water岩溶水（喀斯特水）karst water径流runoff flow地表径流run off地下水ground water流域保护water bas in protect ion淡水fresh water咸水saltwater降水precipitation 沉淀降水量amount of precipitation 降水强度intensity of precipitation 水环境容量carrying capacity of water environment水土流失（土壤侵蚀）soil and water loss点源污染point source pollution面源污染non-point source pollution扩散diffusion涡流eddy current涡流扩散eddy diffusion富营养化废水eutrophic waste-water污水sewage漫灌flood irritation水底沉积物（底质或底泥）benthal deposit 总固体total solids悬浮固体suspended solids总溶解固体total dissolved solids河流复氧常数constant of river reoxyge nati on湖泊酸化lake acidification富营养化eutrophication富营养湖eutrophic lake中营养湖mesotrophic lake警戒水位warning water level 流速flow velocity 流量discharge 洪水期flood season 枯水期low-water seas on 贫营养湖oligotrophic lake 水库reservoir 海洋处置sea disposal 海底采样sea floor sample 赤潮（红潮）red tide 海水淡化desalination of seawater 海底沉积物sea bottom sediment 海洋倾倒ocean dumping 水质water quality 水资源综合利用water resource in tegrated utilizati on水土保持soil and water conservation河道整治channel improvement水污染毒性生物评价biological assessme nt of water polluti on toxicity 水利工程hydro-engineering水体自净self-purification of water body水环境保护功能区（水质功能区）functional district of water environment土地处理系统land treatme nt system 土地沙漠化land desertification 土壤肥力soil fertility 土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity 土壤污染防治preve nti on and treatme nt of soil polluti on 土壤盐渍化（土壤盐碱化）soil sali nation土壤酸化soil acidification母质（土壤母质或成土母质）pare nt material土壤剖面soil profile腐殖质化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒级soil separate土壤质地soil texture缓冲作用buffering/buffer action 缓冲剂buffering agent/buffer 缓冲容量buffer capacity 盐基饱和度base saturation percentage灌溉irrigation富里酸fuvic acid敏素humin土壤团聚体soil aggregate土壤退化（土壤贫瘠化）soil degeneration 土壤地带性soil zonality污水灌溉wastewater irrigation臭氧层ozone layer 降水precipitation 降水量rain fall降水强度p recipitation intensity大气环境容量atmospheric environmen tal capacity事后评价afterwards assessment烟尘消除elimination of smoke and dust温室效应greenhouse effect大气扩散atmospheric diffusion烟羽（烟流或羽流）plume 逆温in vers ion环境生物学生境habitat耐受极限limits of toleranee 最小因子定律law of mi nimum 生物检测bioassay环境胁迫environmental stress 生物多样性bio-diversity 生态位niche 生命期life cycle 生态型ecotype 自养生物autotrophy 异养生物heterotroph 指数增长exponential growth 互禾U共生mutualism 偏利共生commensalisms寄生parasitism 衍生物derivative 杀虫剂insecticide 杀菌齐U fungicide 除草剂herbicide 防腐齐U preservative 杀鼠剂rodenticide 无残留农药non-persistent pesticide 植物性农药phytopesticide 污水灌溉sewage irrigation 世界自然历史遗产保护地world natural and historical heritage site 储量stock过度捕获over-hunting; over-fishing 猎（渔）期ope n seas on 农业残渣agricultural dregs 赤潮red tide藻花algae bloom/ 水花water bloom原生污染物primary pollutant 次生污染物secondary pollutant 急性毒性实验acute toxicity test 慢性毒性实验chron ic toxicity test 预备实验scree ning test; ran ge-fi nding test; preliminary test 稀释dilution 归宿fate 生物积累bioaccumulation 生物浓缩bioconcentration 生物放大biomagnification 生物降解biological degradation; biodegradati on 生物营养物质biotic n utrie nt 多污生物带polysaprobic zone 中污生物带mesosaprobic zone 寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone 敏感种sen sitive species;in tolera nt orga nism 耐污种tolerant species 生物滤池biological filter 净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond 生物膜biomembrane; biological film 轮作crop rotation 间作intercropping 套种interplanting 基塘模式farm land and fish pond model 防护林带shelter belt 沼气marsh gas 农家肥farm manure 堆月肥piled manure城市热岛效应urba n heat isla nd effect chemicals; en docri ne disruptors城市生态规划urban ecological 边缘效应edge effectpla nning 生态恢复ecological restoration环境激素en docri ne disrupti ng 恢复生态学restoration ecological环境化学甲基汞methyl mercury potential ；redox potential镉米cadmium rice 溶解氧dissolved oxygen农药残留pesticide residue 化学需氧量chemical oxyge n dema nd有机氯农药organochlorine pesticide 生化需氧量biochemical oxygen 有机磷农药organophosphorous dema ndpesticide 总有机碳total organic carb on氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate 溶解度solubilityin secticide 聚集aggregation拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid in secticide 絮凝flocculation植物生长调节剂growth regulator 凝聚coagulation化学致癌物chemical carci nogen 离子交换ion exchange表面活性剂surfactant 萃取extraction多氯联苯类polychlori nated 缓冲溶液buffer solutionbiphe nyls;PCBs 氧平衡模式（氧垂曲线）oxygen bala nee 多环芳烃类polyaromtic hydrocarb on; modelPAH 吸收剂（吸附剂）absorbent催化（催化作用）catalysis 活性炭active carb on臭氧化ozonization 氧化剂oxidant光化学氧化剂photochemical oxida nt 还原剂reductant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate ；胶团micellePAN 胶体溶液colloidal solution干沉降dry deposition 脱硫剂desulfurizati on age nt湿沉降wet deposition 电渗析electrodialysis光化学烟雾photochemical smog 萃取剂extract ing age nt大气光化学atmospheric 过滤filterphotochemistry 絮凝剂floccula nt ；flocculati ng age nt降水化学precipitation chemistry 无机絮凝剂inorganic flocculant气溶胶化学aerosol chemistry 有机高分子絮凝剂organic polymer 悬浮颗粒物suspended particulate floccula nt总悬浮颗粒物total suspended 中和法neutralizationparticulates(TSP) 反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane飘尘（可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘）airborne 硅胶silica gelparticle 蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation降尘(落尘)dustfall ；falling dust 超滤膜ultrafilter membrane气溶胶aerosol 灵敏度sensitivity水质water quality 准确度accuracy盐度salinity 精密度precision氧化还原电位oxidati on-reduct ion 可靠性reliability检测限detection limit 相对误差relative error 绝对误差absolute error 偶然误差accidental error 平均偏差mean deviation 采样误差sampling error 标准溶液standard solution 标准物质standard substanee 允误差allowable error 允浓度allowable concentration 微量分析microanalysis 痕量分析trace analysis 现场分析in-situ analysis 仪器分析instrumental analysis 水质分析water quality analysis 比色分析colorimetric analysis 沉降分析sedimentation analysis 自动分析automatic analysis原子吸收分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotometry原子吸收分光光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer原子荧光光谱法atomic fluoresce nee spectrometry原子荧光光谱仪atomic fluoresce nee spectrometer电化学分析法electrochemical method 高效液相色谱法high performa nee liquid chromatography高效液相色谱仪high performa nee liquid chromatograph气相色谱分析gas chromatography 气相色谱仪gas chromatograph 采样器sampler 大气采样器air sampler 底泥采样器sediment sampler pH 计pH meter湿度计hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of air pollutio n移动大气污染源mobile sources of air pollutio n固定式水污染源stationary sources of water polluti on移动式水污染源mobile sources of water pollutio n污染负荷pollution load污染源调查survey of pollution sources 无污染工艺polluti on-free tech no logy 无污染装置polluti on-free in stallati on污染物总量控制total amou nt con trol of pollutio n 水质参数water quality parameter水温water temperature色度color index透明度transparency 混浊度turbidity 硬度hardness 感官污染指标sen suous polluti on in dex 毒理学污染指标physical polluti on in dex 化学污染指标chemical polluti on in dex 细菌学污染指标bacteriological polluti on in dex毒理学污染指标toxicological pollutionin dex城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工业废水in dustrial wastewater常规分析指标index of routine analysis环境监测environmental monitoring过程监测course monitoring污染物排放标准pollution discharge sta ndard 总量排放标准total amount of pollution discharge sta ndard优先监测priority monitoring环境优先污染物environmen tal priority polluta nt总固体total solids可吸入微粒（可吸入尘和飘尘）in hale particles浊度计turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality conrol空白实验值blank value平行样duplicate samples再现性（重现性［reproducibility重复性repeatability回收率recovery rate 检出限detection limit 冷原子吸收法cold-vapor atomic absorptio n method紫外吸收光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry重量分析gravimetric analysis 标法internal marker method 定性分析qualitative analysis 定量分析quantitive analysis 试样前处理pre-treatment 均值mean value 标准差standard error 差variatio n回归分析regression analysis 相关分析correlation analysis 相关系数correlation coefficient 系统误差systematic error 随机误差random error 有效数字valid figure 农药残留分析pesticide residue an alysis 排污收费effluent charge 室空气污染in door air polluti on 水体自净self-purification of water body 水土保持soil and water conservation 水土流失soil erosion 土壤修复soil-remediation 生物修复bioremediation 光降解photodegradation 温室气体greenhouse gases 总量收费total quantity charge 超临界流体supercritical fluid 土壤采样soil pollution环境物理学光辐射（光）visible radiation 红外线infrared ray 紫外线ultraviolet ray 灭菌灯bactericidal lamp 光污染light pollution 噪声污染noise pollution 混响reverberation 听力损失hearing loss 绝对湿度absolute humidity 相对湿度relative humidity 饱和度saturation ratio冷凝condensation露点温度dew point temperature 热辐射thermal radiati on比热specific heat 空气调节air conditioning 通风ventilation环境工程学环境污染综合防治in tegrated preve nti on and con trol of pollutio n环境功能区戈U environmental function zoning稀释比dilution ratio迁移transfer紊流扩散turbulent diffusion氧亏（亏氧量）oxygen deficit 复氧reaeration 溶解氧下垂曲线dissolved-oxyge n sag curve饱和溶解氧saturated dissolved无污染燃料pollution-free fuel燃烧combustion空气—燃料比air-to-fuel ratio 烟气分析analysis of flue gas 煤的综合利用comprehe nsive utilizati onof coal脱硫desulfurization除尘效率particle collection efficiency 分割粒径cut diameter for particles 压力损失（压力降）pressure drop 机械除尘器mechanical collector 重力沉降室gravity settling chamber 惯性除尘器inertial dust separator 旋风除尘器cyclone collector 回流式旋风除尘器reverse-flow cycl one collector 直流旋风除尘器straight-through cyclone collector多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector气布比air-to-cloth ratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with shake clea ning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house withreverse-flow clea ning脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house with pulse-jet clea ning静电除尘electrostatic precipitator (ESP) 电晕放电corona discharge高压脉冲静电除尘器pulse chargi ng electrostatic precipitator湿式静电除尘器wet electrostatic precipitator 双区静电除尘器(两段式电除尘器) 重力喷雾洗涤器gravitational spray scrubber旋风洗涤器centrifugal scrubber中心喷雾旋风洗涤器向clone spray scrubber泡沫洗涤塔foam tower scrubber 填料床洗涤器packed bed scrubber 文丘里洗涤器ven turi scrubber 双膜理论two-film theory 气膜控制gas film control 液膜控制liquid film control 穿透曲线break through curve 催化剂catalyst催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst 烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization (FGD) 湿法脱硫wet process of FGD 灰一灰法脱硫desulfurization by lime and limesto ne氨吸收法脱硫ammonia process of FGD 干法脱硫dry process FGD吸收法控制氮氧化物absorptio ncon trol of NO x by 水吸收法脱氮control of NO x byabsorptio n process with water酸吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorpti on process with acid过滤除尘器filter袋式除尘器bag house滤料filtration media驱进速度drift velocity集尘极collecting electrode板间距distanee between collecting electrodes电极清灰removal of collected particle fromelectrodes宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic precipitatortwo-stage electrostatic precipitator 湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates碱吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorpti on process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物con trol of NOx by adsorpti on分子筛吸附法脱氮control of NOx by adsorpti on process with molecular sieve硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NOx by adsorpti on process with silicagel 气体生物净化biotreatme nt of gaseous polluta nt生物过滤器biofilter汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal生物脱臭biotreatment of oder集气罩capture hood烟囱有效排放高度effective height of emmissio n清洁生产clea ner product ion矿山废水mining drain age电镀废水electroplating wastewater给水处理厂water treatment plant污水处理厂wastewater treatment给水(污水)处理构筑物water (sewage ) treatme nt structure污水集水井swage joining well 废水调节池wastewater flow equalizati on bas in 格栅grill 筛网grid screen 立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular grit settl ing tank圆形边运动沉砂池circular perimeter flowgrit settling tank重力排砂grit discharge by gravity 水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone 沉淀池settling tank重力沉淀池gravity settling tank 浓缩式沉淀池thicke ning settli ng tank 竖流折板絮凝池vertical table flap flocculat ing tank 机械搅拌絮凝池mechanical mixing flocculat ing tank 加压溶气气浮法pressure dissolved-air floatati on 过滤池filter重力过滤法gravity filtration process 压力过滤法pressure filtration process 真空过滤法vacuum filtration process 快滤池rapid filtration 慢滤池slow filtration 接触滤池contact filter 双向滤池bidirectional filter 双层滤料滤池double layer filter 无阀滤池non-valve filter 虹吸滤池siphon filter 压力滤池pressure filter V 型滤池aquazur V-filter 砂滤sand filtration 微滤机microstrainer 滤池冲洗强度backwash ing inten sity of filter滤层filter material layer 滤料承托层holdinglayer for filtermaterial斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope pla nk 冷去卩塔cooling tower湿式氧化法wet oxidation process沉砂池grit settling tank 曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank 平流式沉砂池horiz on tal grit settl ing tank斜板(斜管)沉淀池sloping pla nk(pipe)settli ng tank辐流式沉淀池radial settli ng tank 平流式沉淀池horiz ontal settli ng tank 竖流式沉淀池vertical settling tank 悬浮污泥澄清池suspendedsludge clarifier 脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier 水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier颗粒自由沉降particle free sedime nt 絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation 拥挤沉降hindered sedimentation 气浮池floatation basin 微电解法micro electroanalysis反应池reaction basin 叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer 膜分离法membrane separation method半渗透膜semi-permeable membrane 电渗析electrodialysis 反渗透reverse osmosis 离子交换膜ion exchange membrane 萃取extraction 汽提stripping 吹脱法blow-off method 臭氧氧化法ozonation 臭氧发生器ozonator磁分离法magnetic isolation method 光催化氧化optical catalysis oxidation 软化水处理softening water treatment 灰—纯碱软化法lime-sodiumcarb on atesofte ning method废水好氧/厌氧处理biological aerobic/a naerobictreatme nt of wastewater微生物源代microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代microorga nism syn thetic metabolism 基质分解代substrate degradation 剩余污泥surplus sludge 初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin 完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeratio n bas in二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio 污泥容积指数sludge velum in dex 污泥负荷volume loading 纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method 扩散曝气设备diffusi on aerator 机械曝气装置mecha nical aerator 曝气时间aeration time 污泥龄sludge age 活性污泥培养activated sludge culture 活性污泥驯化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carb on activated sludge process 污泥膨胀sludge bulking 生物滤池biological filter 高负荷生物滤池high-loadi ng biological filter水力负荷hydraulic loading 有机负荷organic loading 塔式生物滤池tower biological filer 生物转盘biological rotating disc 生物流化床biological fluidized bed 活性生物滤池activated biofilter 化粪池septic tank 污水硝化脱氮处理n itroge n removal from wastewater by n itrificati on 污水反硝化脱氮处理nitroge n removal from wastewater by den itrificati on 污水硝化一反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by n itride nitrificati on土地处理系统land treatme nt system 氧化塘oxidation pond 好氧塘aerobic pond 兼性塘facultative pondmetabolism活性污泥法activated sludge process 回流污泥return sludge 曝气池aeration推流式曝气池plug-flow aeration basin 普通活性污泥法conven tio nal activated sludge process分段曝气法step aeration method延时曝气法extended aeration method 加速曝气法accelerant aeration method深井曝气法deep well aeration method 鼓风曝气装置blast aerator射流曝气设备efflux aerator表面曝气装置surface aerator厌氧塘an aerobic pond曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pondICEAS in termitte nt cyclic exte nded aeration system 间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法DAT-IAT 工艺dema nd aeration tankin termitte nt aerati on tank system(需氧池—间歇池)A1/O 工艺anoxic/ oxicA 2/O 工艺an aerobic oxicPhostrip 工艺phostriop process Bardenpho 工艺Bardenpho processPhoredox 工艺Phoredox processUCT 工艺university of cape townVIP 工艺Virginia initiative plant 厌氧生物滤池(AF)anaerobic filter 厌氧接触法an aerobic contact process 厌氧生物转盘an aerobicbiological rotati ng disc两相厌氧消化two-phase an aerobic digest序批式间歇反应器series batch reactor 氧化沟oxidation ditch上流式厌氧污泥床upflow an aerobic sludge bla nketMSBR modified seque ncing batch reactor消毒disinfection 灭菌sterilization加氯机chlorinator氯化消毒chlorizati on dis in fecti on 漂白粉消毒dis infection by bleach ing powder 紫外线消毒disinfection with ultravioletrays力口氯消毒dis infection by chlori ne 液氯liquified chlorine gas 需氯量chlori ne dema nd 余氯chlorine residual 游离性余氯free chlorine residual 化合性余氯combined chlorine residual 折点加氯chlorination breakpoint 过氧化氢消毒dis in fecti on by hydroge n peroxide 除味taste removal 除臭odor removal 脱色decoloration 生污泥undigested sludge 熟污泥digested sludge 污泥处置disposal of sludge 污泥综合利用comprehe nsive utilizati onof sludge 真空过滤法vacuum flotation process 污泥浓缩sludge thickening 污泥消化sludge digestion 污泥脱水sludge dewatering 污泥干化sludge drying 污泥焚烧sludge incineration 真空过滤机脱水dewatering by vacuum filter板框压滤机脱水dewatering by plateframe press filter辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering by roll press带式压滤机脱水dewatering by belt press filter离心式脱水机脱水dewatering by cen trifuge中温消化处理middle temperature digestive treatme nt 高温消化处理hightemperature digestive treatme nt 污泥堆肥发酵处理sludgecompost ing and ferme ntatio n污泥浓缩池sludge thickener 污泥消化池sludge digestion tank 污泥产气率gas production rate ofsludge污泥干化场sludge drying bed 固体废物solid wastes城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾堆放处置法dumping of muni cipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法sa nitaryIan dfilli ng of mun icipal solid wastes 城市生活垃圾焚烧法incin eration of muni cipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾分类sorting of municipalsolid wastes城市生活垃圾收集collection of muni cipal solid wastes 垃圾收费refuse taxing 废电池used battery有毒有害工业固体废物toxic in dustrial wastes医疗废物health care wastes堆月巴composting 填埋场Iandfill 渗滤液leachate treatment 焚烧炉incin eratio n furn aces 助燃空气系统air injectio n system 余热利用heat utilization 焚烧灰渣ash水泥固化技术ceme nt solidificati on灰固化lime solidification沥青固化技术asphalt solidificati on 固体废物预处理prelimi nary treatme nt of solid wastes破碎crushing of solid wastes 筛分screening of solid wastes 风力分选wind separation 放射性固体废物radioactive solid waste 声级计sound level meter 消声室an echoic room; an echoic chamber; dead room 混响室reverberation room 隔声sound insulation环境医学环境卫生学environmental hygiene 环境毒理学environmental toxicology 口蹄疫foot-and-mouth disease 流行病学epidemiology 地病endemic disease 氟斑牙dental fluorosis 职业病occupational disease 慢性毒性chronic toxicity 急性毒性acute toxicity 致癌物carcinogen 变异variatio n 病原体pathogen 抗体antibody 抗原antigen 突变mutation 病毒virus 蓄积器官storage organ 致突变作用mutage nesis 致畸作用teratogenesis致癌作用carcinogensis 摄入量in take dose 吸收量absorbed dose 卫生标准health standard 最高容浓度maximum permissible concen trati on 致死量lethal dose 半致死浓度media n lethal concen trati on(LD 50)剂量—反应关系dose-response relati on ship恶臭offensive odor 协同作用synergism 拮抗作用antagonism 因果关系cause-effect relationship 相关关系correlation 阈限值threshold limit value(TLV) 高危人群population at high risk 易感人群susceptible populatio环境管理学环境管理学environmen tal man ageme nt scie nee环境伦理学environmental ethics 环境质量管理management of environmen tal quality环境适宜度environmental suitability环境区戈U environmental zoning环境预测environmental forecasting环境质量评价environmental quality evaluati on环境影响评价environmental impact assessme nt环境规戈U environmental planning环境决策分析environmental decision an alysis总量控制total discharge control of polluta nt 浓度控制concentration control排污收费effluent charge排污申报登记declaration and registrati on of polluta nt discharge排污可证permit for pollutant discharge生物安全biosafety环境监察environmental supervision and man ageme nt环境宣传教育environmen tal propaga nda and educatio n环境意识environmental consciousness 环境质量报告书report on environmen tal quality 环境影响评价报告书report on environmen tal impact assessme nt 公众意见听证会public heari ng循环经济cyclic economy预防为主、防治结合、综合治理原则principleof giving priority to pollutionpreve nti on, comb ining preve ntio n andcon trol, and in tegrated con trol 全面现划、合理布局原则principle of overall pla nning and rati on al layout谁污染谁治理polluter-treats综合利用、化害为利原则principle of comprehe nsive utilizati on and turning harm into good谁开发谁保护explorer-protects协调发展原则principle of coordinated developme nt环境保护模城市n ati onal environmen tal protect ion model city全国生态示区national ecological dem on strati on area环境信息environmental information 环境管理信息系统in formatio n system for environmen tal man ageme nt 环境专家系统environmental expert system环境监测environment monitoring 环境标志environmental label 清洁生产clea ner product吸声mufflerlife cycle of product环境法学环境法学scienee of environmental law 环境保护法environmental protection law公害法public nuisanee law环境行政法规adm ini strative regulati ons of en vir onment环境部门规章departmental rules of environment污染物排放标准pollutant discharge sta ndard"三同时” 制度three simultaneity system 排污审报登记制度declaration and registrati on system of polluti on discharge排污可证制度permit system of polluta nt discharge排污收费制度system of efflue nt限期治理制度system of elim in at ing and con troll ing environmen tal polluti onwith in a prescribed time现场检查制度system of on-site in spect ion环境污染事故报告制度system of environmen tal polluti on accide ntreport ing《中华人民国环境保护法》Environmental Protect ion Law of the People 's Republic of China《中华人民国水污染防治法》law of the People ' s Republic of Chi na on preve nti on and con trol of water pollutio n《中华人民国大气污染防治法》law of the People ' s Republic of China on preve nti on and con trol of atmospheric pollutio n《中华人民国环境噪声污染防治法》law of the People ' s Republic of China on preve nti on and con trol of polluti on from en vir onmen tal no ise《中华人民国固体废物污染环境法》law of the People ' s Republic of China on preve nti on and con trol of environmental pollution by solid waste《中华人民国海洋环境保护法》mari ne environment protect ion law of the People ' s Republic of China《全国生态环境建设规划》national eco-e nvironmen tal con struct ion pla n《全国生态环境保护纲要》national compe ndium on eco-e nvironmen tal protectio n地表水环境质量标准environmental quality sta ndard for surface water地下水质量标准quality standard for gro und water农业灌溉水质标准standard for irrigation water quality污水综合排放标准integrated wastewater discharge sta ndard大气污染物综合排放标准in tegrated emissi on sta ndard of air polluta nts环境经济学循环经济模式circular economy type 牧童经济the shepherd economy 3R 原则the rules of3R(reducing, reusing, recycli ng) 生态经济学eco-economics 共有资源com mon resources 夕卜部经济性external economics 夕卜部不经济性exter nal disec onomics 外部成本external cost 边际效用marginal utility 边际收益marginal ben efit 粗放经营extensive management 集约经营intensive management 自然资本natural capital 公平equity 代际补偿compensation between gen erati ons绿色国民帐户gree n n ati onal acco unt 可持续发展susta in able developme nt 公共物品public goods 环境保护贸易政策trade policy for environmen tal protect ion 绿色壁垒green tariff barrier 国民生产总值gross national productio n(GNP) 国民生产净值net n atio nal productio n(NNP) 国民收入n ati onal in come 环境污染弹性系数environmental pollutio n elasticity 回收率reuse rate 物质平衡material balanee 物料衡算material balanee counting 影子价格shadow price 现行价格present price 贴现discount 机会成本opport unity cost 运行费用operation cost 城市气化率urba npopulati on ratio ofused gas 城市绿化覆盖率urba n gree n cover ratio环境效益environmen tal ben efit 成本效益分析cost and ben efit an alysis 环境费用environmental cost 排污权交易marketable pollution permits 生态足迹the ecological footprint 环境税environmental tax 资源资产assets of resource 资源产权property right of resource 最低安全标准minimumstandard of security代际公平equality betwee n gen eratio n末端控制terminal control公地的悲剧tragedy of the public pasture中间产品in termediate product 最终产品final product直接污染物产生/排放系数direct pollutant gen erati on /discharge coefficie nt累积污染物产生/排放系数cumulate polluta ntgen erati on/discharge coefficie nt排污收费charge from discharge polluta nt污染者负担原则polluter pay prin ciple资源税resource tax人口出生率population birth rate 人口死亡率population mortality rate 人口自然增长率population nature growth rate人口计划生育率population planning fertility rate平均寿命average life人口年龄金字塔population age pyramid人口老化population aging人口过剩over-population人口爆炸population explosion计划生育family planning人口统计population statistics 人口普查population census环境教育环境教育目标objectives of en vir onmen tai educati on 多学科环境教育课程模式multi-discipli nary model of environmen tai educati on跨学科环境教育模式in ter-discipii nary model of environmen tai educatio n 中学环境教育大纟冈environmen tal educati on sta ndard for sec ondary school 环境教育活动的设计desig n of environmen tal educati on activity野外环境教育基地environmen tal educati on field base公众参与public participation 环境意识environmental awareness中国中小学绿色教育行动environmen tal educators in itiative of china。

环境科学与工程专业英语

环境科学与工程专业英语U3 What is waste reduction/waste minimization?1.句子英译中(1)Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on shelf too long become wasted.因搁置太久而失去使用价值的原料变成废品。

(2）Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the process chemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement.不洁部分或废酸洗液的时间不足会导致反应物利用率不高，增加废物处理费用和替代物质费用。

（3）Lockheed successfully switched from an alkaline cyanide cadmium bath to an acidic noncyanide cadminum bath.洛克希德成功地把碱性氰化物镉水浴转变成为了酸性非氰化物镉水浴。

（4）Don’t try to reinvent the wheel. Develop networking partners to share ideas.不要走老路。

结识合作伙伴，分享理念。

2.词组英译中Waste reduction/waste minimization 垃圾减量化/垃圾最小化；in-process 在…过程中；housekeeping家务管理；equipment modification设备改进；landfills废物填埋场；biodegradable solvents能进行生物降解的溶剂；volatile chemicals稳定的化学物质；management commitment管理委员会。

(完整版)环境科学与工程-专业英语词汇

环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类。

环境学总论原生环境primary environment次生环境secondary environment生态示范区ecological demonstrate area环境地质学environmental geology环境地球化学environmental geo-chemistry 环境土壤学environmental soil science环境微生物学environmental microbiology环境危机environmental crisis环境保护environmental protection环境预测environmental forecasting环境自净environmental self-purification环境效应environmental effect环境容量environmental capacity环境演化evolution of environment环境舒适度environmental comfort环境背景值（本底值）environmental background value环境保护产业（环保产业）environmental production industry环境壁垒（绿色壁垒）environmental barrier 绿色革命green revolution可持续发展sustainable development第三类环境问题（社会环境问题）the third environmental problem悬浮物suspended solids一次污染物primary pollutant二次污染物secondary pollutant全球性污染global pollution排污收费pollution charge 可再生资源renewable resources不可再生资源non-renewable resources自然保护区natural reserve area防护林protection forest公害public nuisance矿山公害mining nuisance工业废水industrial wastewater矿山废水mining drainage生活饮用水domestic potable water草原退化grassland degeneration沙漠化desertification人口压力population pressure人口净增率rate of population全球环境监测系统global environment monitoring system GEMS中国环境保护工作方针Chinese policy for environment protection“三同时”原则principle of “the three at the same time”二噁英公害dioxin nuisance马斯河谷烟雾事件disaster in Meuse Valley 多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora伦敦烟雾事件disaster in London水俣病事件minamata disease incident骨痛病事件itai-itai disaster incident洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件Los Angeles photochemical smog episode四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode米糠油事件Yusho disease incident环境地学水圈hydrosphere水循环water circulation地表水surface water水位water level下渗（入渗）sinking蒸发evaporation最高水位highest water level 最低水位lowest water level 平均水位average water level 警戒水位warning water level 流速flow velocity流量discharge洪水期flood season枯水期low-water season冲刷washout 含水层aquifer 隔水层（不透水层）aquiclude 透水层permeable stratum层间水interlayer water承压水（有压层间水）confined water 或自流水artesian water孔隙水void water岩溶水（喀斯特水）karst water径流runoff flow地表径流land runoff地下水groundwater流域保护water basin protection淡水fresh water咸水saltwater降水precipitation沉淀降水量amount of precipitation降水强度intensity of precipitation水环境容量carrying capacity of water environment水土流失（土壤侵蚀）soil and water loss点源污染point source pollution面源污染non-point source pollution扩散diffusion涡流eddy current涡流扩散eddy diffusion富营养化废水eutrophic waste-water污水sewage漫灌flood irritation水底沉积物（底质或底泥）benthal deposit 总固体total solids悬浮固体suspended solids总溶解固体total dissolved solids河流复氧常数constant of river reoxygenation 湖泊酸化lake acidification富营养化eutrophication富营养湖eutrophic lake中营养湖mesotrophic lake贫营养湖oligotrophic lake水库reservoir海洋处置sea disposal海底采样sea floor sample赤潮（红潮）red tide海水淡化desalination of seawater海底沉积物sea bottom sediment海洋倾倒ocean dumping水质water quality水资源综合利用water resource integrated utilization水土保持soil and water conservation 河道整治channel improvement水污染毒性生物评价biological assessment of water pollution toxicity水利工程hydro-engineering水体自净self-purification of water body水环境保护功能区（水质功能区）functional district of water environment土地处理系统land treatment system土地沙漠化land desertification土壤肥力soil fertility土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil pollution土壤盐渍化（土壤盐碱化）soil salination土壤酸化soil acidification母质（土壤母质或成土母质）parent material 土壤剖面soil profile腐殖质化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒级soil separate土壤质地soil texture缓冲作用buffering/buffer action缓冲剂buffering agent/buffer缓冲容量buffer capacity盐基饱和度base saturation percentage灌溉irrigation富里酸fuvic acid胡敏素humin土壤团聚体soil aggregate土壤退化（土壤贫瘠化）soil degeneration 土壤地带性soil zonality污水灌溉wastewater irrigation臭氧层ozone layer降水precipitation降水量rainfall降水强度p recipitation intensity大气环境容量atmospheric environmental capacity事后评价afterwards assessment烟尘消除elimination of smoke and dust温室效应greenhouse effect大气扩散atmospheric diffusion烟羽（烟流或羽流）plume逆温inversion环境生物学生境habitat耐受极限limits of tolerance最小因子定律law of minimum生物检测bioassay环境胁迫environmental stress生物多样性bio-diversity生态位niche生命周期life cycle生态型ecotype自养生物autotrophy异养生物heterotroph指数增长exponential growth互利共生mutualism偏利共生commensalisms寄生parasitism衍生物derivative杀虫剂insecticide杀菌剂fungicide除草剂herbicide杀鼠剂rodenticide防腐剂preservative无残留农药non-persistent pesticide植物性农药phytopesticide污水灌溉sewage irrigation世界自然历史遗产保护地world natural and historical heritage site储量stock过度捕获over-hunting; over-fishing猎（渔）期open season农业残渣agricultural dregs赤潮red tide藻花algae bloom/水花water bloom原生污染物primary pollutant次生污染物secondary pollutant急性毒性实验acute toxicity test 慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test预备实验screening test; range-finding test; preliminary test稀释dilution归宿fate生物积累bioaccumulation生物浓缩bioconcentration生物放大biomagnification生物降解biological degradation; biodegradation生物营养物质biotic nutrient多污生物带polysaprobic zone中污生物带mesosaprobic zone寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone敏感种sensitive species; intolerant organism 耐污种tolerant species生物滤池biological filter净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond生物膜biomembrane; biological film轮作crop rotation间作intercropping套种interplanting基塘模式farm land and fish pond model防护林带shelter belt沼气marsh gas农家肥farm manure堆肥piled manure城市热岛效应urban heat island effect城市生态规划urban ecological planning环境激素endocrine disrupting chemicals; endocrine disruptors边缘效应edge effect生态恢复ecological restoration恢复生态学restoration ecological环境化学甲基汞methyl mercury镉米cadmium rice农药残留pesticide residue有机氯农药organochlorine pesticide有机磷农药organophosphorous pesticide 氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate insecticide 拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid insecticide 植物生长调节剂growth regulator化学致癌物chemical carcinogen表面活性剂surfactant多氯联苯类polychlorinated biphenyls;PCBs 多环芳烃类polyaromtic hydrocarbon; PAH 催化（催化作用）catalysis臭氧化ozonization光化学氧化剂photochemical oxidant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate；PAN 干沉降dry deposition湿沉降wet deposition光化学烟雾photochemical smog大气光化学atmospheric photochemistry降水化学precipitation chemistry气溶胶化学aerosol chemistry悬浮颗粒物suspended particulate总悬浮颗粒物total suspended particulates(TSP)飘尘（可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘）airborne particle降尘（落尘）dustfall；falling dust气溶胶aerosol水质water quality盐度salinity氧化还原电位oxidation-reduction potential；redox potential溶解氧dissolved oxygen化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand总有机碳total organic carbon溶解度solubility聚集aggregation絮凝flocculation凝聚coagulation离子交换ion exchange萃取extraction缓冲溶液buffer solution氧平衡模式（氧垂曲线）oxygen balance model吸收剂(吸附剂)absorbent活性炭active carbon氧化剂oxidant还原剂reductant胶团micelle胶体溶液colloidal solution脱硫剂desulfurization agent电渗析electrodialysis萃取剂extracting agent过滤filter絮凝剂flocculant；flocculating agent无机絮凝剂inorganic flocculant有机高分子絮凝剂organic polymer flocculant 中和法neutralization 反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane硅胶silica gel蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation超滤膜ultrafilter membrane灵敏度sensitivity准确度accuracy精密度precision可靠性reliability检测限detection limit相对误差relative error绝对误差absolute error偶然误差accidental error平均偏差mean deviation采样误差sampling error标准溶液standard solution标准物质standard substance允许误差allowable error允许浓度allowable concentration微量分析microanalysis痕量分析trace analysis现场分析in-situ analysis仪器分析instrumental analysis水质分析water quality analysis比色分析colorimetric analysis沉降分析sedimentation analysis自动分析automatic analysis原子吸收分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotometry原子吸收分光光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer原子荧光光谱法atomic fluorescence spectrometry原子荧光光谱仪atomic fluorescence spectrometer电化学分析法electrochemical method高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography高效液相色谱仪high performance liquid chromatograph气相色谱分析gas chromatography气相色谱仪gas chromatograph采样器sampler大气采样器air sampler底泥采样器sediment samplerpH计pH meter湿度计hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of air pollution移动大气污染源mobile sources of air pollution固定式水污染源stationary sources of water pollution移动式水污染源mobile sources of water pollution污染负荷pollution load污染源调查survey of pollution sources无污染工艺pollution-free technology无污染装置pollution-free installation污染物总量控制total amount control of pollution水质参数water quality parameter水温water temperature色度color index透明度transparency混浊度turbidity硬度hardness感官污染指标sensuous pollution index毒理学污染指标physical pollution index化学污染指标chemical pollution index细菌学污染指标bacteriological pollution index毒理学污染指标toxicological pollution index 城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工业废水industrial wastewater常规分析指标index of routine analysis环境监测environmental monitoring过程监测course monitoring污染物排放标准pollution discharge standard 总量排放标准total amount of pollution discharge standard优先监测priority monitoring环境优先污染物environmental priority pollutant总固体total solids可吸入微粒(可吸入尘和飘尘)inhale particles 浊度计turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality control空白实验值blank value平行样duplicate samples再现性(重现性)reproducibility重复性repeatability回收率recovery rate检出限detection limit冷原子吸收法cold-vapor atomic absorption method紫外吸收光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry重量分析gravimetric analysis内标法internal marker method定性分析qualitative analysis定量分析quantitive analysis试样前处理pre-treatment均值mean value标准差standard error方差variation回归分析regression analysis相关分析correlation analysis相关系数correlation coefficient系统误差systematic error随机误差random error有效数字valid figure农药残留分析pesticide residue analysis排污收费effluent charge室内空气污染indoor air pollution水体自净self-purification of water body水土保持soil and water conservation水土流失soil erosion土壤修复soil-remediation生物修复bioremediation光降解photodegradation温室气体greenhouse gases总量收费total quantity charge超临界流体supercritical fluid土壤采样soil pollution环境物理学光辐射(光)visible radiation 红外线infrared ray紫外线ultraviolet ray灭菌灯bactericidal lamp 光污染light pollution噪声污染noise pollution 混响reverberation听力损失hearing loss绝对湿度absolute humidity相对湿度relative humidity饱和度saturation ratio冷凝condensation露点温度dew point temperature热辐射thermal radiation比热specific heat空气调节air conditioning通风ventilation环境工程学环境污染综合防治integrated prevention and control of pollution环境功能区划environmental function zoning 稀释比dilution ratio迁移transfer紊流扩散turbulent diffusion氧亏(亏氧量)oxygen deficit复氧reaeration溶解氧下垂曲线dissolved-oxygen sag curve 饱和溶解氧saturated dissolved无污染燃料pollution-free fuel燃烧combustion空气－燃料比air-to-fuel ratio烟气分析analysis of flue gas煤的综合利用comprehensive utilization of coal 脱硫desulfurization除尘效率particle collection efficiency分割粒径cut diameter for particles压力损失（压力降）pressure drop机械除尘器mechanical collector重力沉降室gravity settling chamber惯性除尘器inertial dust separator旋风除尘器cyclone collector回流式旋风除尘器reverse-flow cyclone collector直流旋风除尘器straight-through cyclone collector多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector过滤除尘器filter袋式除尘器bag house滤料filtration media气布比air-to-cloth ratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with shake cleaning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house with reverse-flow cleaning脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house with pulse-jet cleaning静电除尘electrostatic precipitator (ESP) 电晕放电corona discharge驱进速度drift velocity集尘极collecting electrode板间距distance between collecting electrodes 电极清灰removal of collected particle from electrodes宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic precipitator高压脉冲静电除尘器pulse charging electrostatic precipitator湿式静电除尘器wet electrostatic precipitator 双区静电除尘器（两段式电除尘器）two-stage electrostatic precipitator湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates重力喷雾洗涤器gravitational spray scrubber 旋风洗涤器centrifugal scrubber中心喷雾旋风洗涤器]cyclone spray scrubber 泡沫洗涤塔foam tower scrubber填料床洗涤器packed bed scrubber文丘里洗涤器venturi scrubber双膜理论two-film theory气膜控制gas film control液膜控制liquid film control穿透曲线break through curve催化剂catalyst催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst 烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization (FGD)湿法脱硫wet process of FGD石灰－石灰石法脱硫desulfurization by lime and limestone氨吸收法脱硫ammonia process of FGD干法脱硫dry process FGD吸收法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by absorption水吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with water酸吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with acid碱吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by adsorption分子筛吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with molecular sieve硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with silica gel气体生物净化biotreatment of gaseous pollutant生物过滤器biofilter汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal生物脱臭biotreatment of odor集气罩capture hood烟囱有效排放高度effective height of emission清洁生产cleaner production矿山废水mining drainage电镀废水electroplating wastewater给水处理厂water treatment plant污水处理厂wastewater treatment给水（污水）处理构筑物water （sewage）treatment structure污水集水井swage joining well废水调节池wastewater flow equalization basin格栅grill筛网grid screen沉砂池grit settling tank曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settling tank立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular grit settling tank圆形周边运动沉砂池circular perimeter flow grit settling tank重力排砂grit discharge by gravity水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone沉淀池settling tank重力沉淀池gravity settling tank 浓缩式沉淀池thickening settling tank斜板（斜管）沉淀池sloping plank(pipe)settling tank辐流式沉淀池radial settling tank平流式沉淀池horizontal settling tank竖流式沉淀池vertical settling tank悬浮污泥澄清池suspended sludge clarifier脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier竖流折板絮凝池vertical table flap flocculating tank机械搅拌絮凝池mechanical mixing flocculating tank 颗粒自由沉降particle free sediment 絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation 拥挤沉降hindered sedimentation气浮池floatation basin加压溶气气浮法pressure dissolved-airfloatation微电解法micro electroanalysis过滤池filter重力过滤法gravity filtration process 压力过滤法pressure filtration process 真空过滤法vacuum filtration process 快滤池rapid filtration慢滤池slow filtration接触滤池contact filter双向滤池bidirectional filter双层滤料滤池double layer filter无阀滤池non-valve filter虹吸滤池siphon filter压力滤池pressure filterV型滤池aquazur V-filter砂滤sand filtration 微滤机microstrainer滤池冲洗强度backwashing intensity of filter 滤层filter material layer滤料承托层holding layer for filter material 斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope plank冷却塔cooling tower湿式氧化法wet oxidation process反应池reaction basin叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer膜分离法membrane separation method半渗透膜semi-permeable membrane电渗析electrodialysis反渗透reverse osmosis离子交换膜ion exchange membrane萃取extraction汽提stripping吹脱法blow-off method臭氧氧化法ozonation臭氧发生器ozonator磁分离法magnetic isolation method光催化氧化optical catalysis oxidation软化水处理softening water treatment石灰－纯碱软化法lime-sodium carbonate softening method 废水好氧/厌氧处理biological aerobic/anaerobic treatment of wastewater微生物内源代谢microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代谢microorganism synthetic metabolism基质分解代谢substrate degradation metabolism活性污泥法activated sludge process回流污泥return sludge剩余污泥surplus sludge初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin 曝气池aeration推流式曝气池plug-flow aeration basin完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio污泥容积指数sludge velum index污泥负荷volume loading 普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process分段曝气法step aeration method延时曝气法extended aeration method加速曝气法accelerant aeration method深井曝气法deep well aeration method纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method 鼓风曝气装置blast aerator 扩散曝气设备diffusion aerator 射流曝气设备efflux aerator 机械曝气装置mechanical aerator 表面曝气装置surface aerator曝气时间aeration time污泥龄sludge age活性污泥培养activated sludge culture活性污泥驯化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carbon activated sludge process污泥膨胀sludge bulking生物滤池biological filter高负荷生物滤池high-loading biological filter 水力负荷hydraulic loading有机负荷organic loading塔式生物滤池tower biological filer生物转盘biological rotating disc生物流化床biological fluidized bed活性生物滤池activated biofilter化粪池septic tank污水硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitrification污水反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by denitrification污水硝化—反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitridenitrification土地处理系统land treatment system 氧化塘oxidation pond好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pondICEAS intermittent cyclic extended aeration system间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法DAT-IAT工艺demand aeration tank intermittent aeration tank system(需氧池－间歇池)A1/O工艺anoxic/ oxicA2/O工艺anaerobic oxicPhostrip工艺phostriop processBardenpho工艺Bardenpho process Phoredox工艺Phoredox processUCT工艺university of cape townVIP工艺Virginia initiative plant厌氧生物滤池(AF)anaerobic filter厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧生物转盘anaerobic biological rotating disc两相厌氧消化two-phase anaerobic digest序批式间歇反应器series batch reactor氧化沟oxidation ditch上流式厌氧污泥床upflow anaerobic sludgeblanketMSBR modified sequencing batch reactor消毒disinfection灭菌sterilization加氯机chlorinator氯化消毒chlorization disinfection漂白粉消毒disinfection by bleaching powder 紫外线消毒disinfection with ultraviolet rays 加氯消毒disinfection by chlorine液氯liquified chlorine gas需氯量chlorine demand余氯chlorine residual游离性余氯free chlorine residual化合性余氯combined chlorine residual折点加氯chlorination breakpoint过氧化氢消毒disinfection by hydrogen peroxide除味taste removal除臭odor removal脱色decoloration生污泥undigested sludge熟污泥digested sludge污泥处置disposal of sludge污泥综合利用comprehensive utilization of sludge真空过滤法vacuum flotation process污泥浓缩sludge thickening污泥消化sludge digestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering污泥干化sludge drying污泥焚烧sludge incineration真空过滤机脱水dewatering by vacuum filter 板框压滤机脱水dewatering by plate frame press filter辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering by roll press 带式压滤机脱水dewatering by belt press filter离心式脱水机脱水dewatering by centrifuge 中温消化处理middle temperature digestive treatment高温消化处理high temperature digestive treatment污泥堆肥发酵处理sludge composting and fermentation 污泥浓缩池sludge thickener污泥消化池sludge digestion tank污泥产气率gas production rate of sludge污泥干化场sludge drying bed固体废物solid wastes城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾堆放处置法dumping of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法sanitary landfilling of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾焚烧法incineration of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾分类sorting of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾收集collection of municipal solid wastes垃圾收费refuse taxing废电池used battery有毒有害工业固体废物toxic industrial wastes医疗废物health care wastes堆肥composting填埋场landfill渗滤液leachate treatment焚烧炉incineration furnaces助燃空气系统air injection system余热利用heat utilization焚烧灰渣ash水泥固化技术cement solidification石灰固化lime solidification沥青固化技术asphalt solidification固体废物预处理preliminary treatment of solid wastes破碎crushing of solid wastes筛分screening of solid wastes风力分选wind separation放射性固体废物radioactive solid waste声级计sound level meter消声室anechoic room; anechoic chamber; dead room混响室reverberation room隔声sound insulation吸声muffler环境医学环境卫生学environmental hygiene 环境毒理学environmental toxicology 口蹄疫foot-and-mouth disease流行病学epidemiology地方病endemic disease氟斑牙dental fluorosis职业病occupational disease慢性毒性chronic toxicity急性毒性acute toxicity致癌物carcinogen变异variation病原体pathogen抗体antibody抗原antigen突变mutation病毒virus蓄积器官storage organ致突变作用mutagenesis致畸作用teratogenesis致癌作用carcinogensis摄入量intake dose吸收量absorbed dose卫生标准health standard最高容许浓度maximum permissibleconcentration致死量lethal dose半致死浓度median lethal concentration(LD50)剂量－反应关系dose-response relationship恶臭offensive odor协同作用synergism拮抗作用antagonism因果关系cause-effect relationship相关关系correlation阈限值threshold limit value(TLV)高危人群population at high risk易感人群susceptible population环境管理学环境管理学environmental management science环境伦理学environmental ethics环境质量管理management of environmental quality环境适宜度environmental suitability环境区划environmental zoning环境预测environmental forecasting环境质量评价environmental quality evaluation环境影响评价environmental impact assessment环境规划environmental planning环境决策分析environmental decision analysis 总量控制total discharge control of pollutant 浓度控制concentration control排污收费effluent charge排污申报登记declaration and registration of pollutant discharge排污许可证permit for pollutant discharge生物安全biosafety环境监察environmental supervision and management环境宣传教育environmental propaganda and education环境意识environmental consciousness 环境质量报告书report on environmental quality环境影响评价报告书report on environmental impact assessment公众意见听证会public hearing循环经济cyclic economy预防为主、防治结合、综合治理原则principle of giving priority to pollution prevention, combining prevention and control, and integrated control全面现划、合理布局原则principle of overall planning and rational layout谁污染谁治理polluter-treats综合利用、化害为利原则principle of comprehensive utilization and turning harm into good谁开发谁保护explorer-protects协调发展原则principle of coordinated development国家环境保护模范城市national environmental protection model city全国生态示范区national ecological demonstration area环境信息environmental information环境管理信息系统information system for environmental management环境专家系统environmental expert system 环境监测environment monitoring环境标志environmental label 清洁生产cleaner production环境审计environmental audit产品生命周期life cycle of product环境法学环境法学science of environmental law环境保护法environmental protection law公害法public nuisance law环境行政法规administrative regulations of environment环境部门规章departmental rules of environment污染物排放标准pollutant discharge standard “三同时”制度three simultaneity system排污审报登记制度declaration and registration system of pollution discharge排污许可证制度permit system of pollutant discharge排污收费制度system of effluent限期治理制度system of eliminating and controlling environmental pollution within a prescribed time现场检查制度system of on-site inspection环境污染事故报告制度system of environmental pollution accident reporting 《中华人民共和国环境保护法》Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of water pollution《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of atmospheric pollution《中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of pollution from environmental noise《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid waste《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》marine environment protection law of the People’s Republic of China《全国生态环境建设规划》national eco-environmental construction plan《全国生态环境保护纲要》national compendium on eco-environmental protection 地表水环境质量标准environmental quality standard for surface water地下水质量标准quality standard for ground water农业灌溉水质标准standard for irrigation water quality污水综合排放标准integrated wastewater discharge standard大气污染物综合排放标准integrated emission standard of air pollutants环境经济学循环经济模式circular economy type牧童经济the shepherd economy3R原则the rules of 3R(reducing, reusing, recycling)生态经济学eco-economics共有资源common resources外部经济性external economics外部不经济性external diseconomics外部成本external cost边际效用marginal utility边际收益marginal benefit粗放经营extensive management集约经营intensive management自然资本natural capital公平equity代际补偿compensation between generations绿色国民帐户green national account可持续发展sustainable development公共物品public goods环境保护贸易政策trade policy for environmental protection绿色壁垒green tariff barrier国民生产总值gross national production(GNP) 国民生产净值net national production(NNP)11国民收入national income环境污染弹性系数environmental pollution elasticity回收率reuse rate物质平衡material balance物料衡算material balance counting影子价格shadow price现行价格present price贴现discount机会成本opportunity cost运行费用operation cost城市气化率urban population ratio of used gas 城市绿化覆盖率urban green cover ratio环境效益environmental benefit成本效益分析cost and benefit analysis环境费用environmental cost排污权交易marketable pollution permits生态足迹the ecological footprint环境税environmental tax资源资产assets of resource资源产权property right of resource最低安全标准minimum standard of security 代际公平equality between generation末端控制terminal control 公地的悲剧tragedy of the public pasture中间产品intermediate product最终产品final product直接污染物产生/排放系数direct pollutant generation/discharge coefficient累积污染物产生/排放系数cumulate pollutant generation/discharge coefficient排污收费charge from discharge pollutant污染者负担原则polluter pay principle资源税resource tax人口出生率population birth rate人口死亡率population mortality rate人口自然增长率population nature growth rate人口计划生育率population planning fertility rate平均寿命average life人口年龄金字塔population age pyramid人口老化population aging人口过剩over-population人口爆炸population explosion计划生育family planning人口统计population statistics人口普查population census环境教育环境教育目标objectives of environmental education多学科环境教育课程模式multi-disciplinary model of environmental education 跨学科环境教育模式inter-disciplinary model of environmental education中学环境教育大纲environmental education standard for secondary school环境教育活动的设计design of environmental education activity野外环境教育基地environmental education field base公众参与public participation环境意识environmental awareness中国中小学绿色教育行动environmental educators initiative of china12。

环境工程专业英语--Unit 1

➢ 现代环境科学还建立了相应的建筑环境应用，或者更准确的说，来应对建筑环境的排污。
Unit 1 What are Environmental Science and Engineering
Quantitative Environmental Science: 1.What does scientific method deal with? 2.What is the cornerstone of science?
➢ 即使它们是具有代表性的，它们也含有不能用现有知识来解释的某些随机变化。
Care and impartiality in gathering and recording data, as well as independent verification(认证), are the cornerstones of science.
➢ 历来环境科学家研究的焦点，理所应当是自然环境。
By this, we mean the atmosphere, the land, the water and their inhabitants as differentiated from the built environment.
➢ 因此，我们指的是大气，土壤，水和居住环境，这些不同于建设的环境。
在最广泛的意义上，科学是系统化的知识，来源于并且实践于对问题的认识和构想，以及通过观察和实验的数据的收集。
Unit 1 What are Environmental Science and Engineering
We differentiate between social science and natural science in that the former deals with the study of people and how they live together as families, tribes, communities, races, and nations, and the latter deals with the study of nature and the physical world. Natural science includes such diverse disciplines as biology, chemistry, geology, physics, and environmental science.

环境科学专业词汇英语

环境工程专业英语pollution污染a cid rain酸雨interaction of systems系统的交互作用environmental problem环境问题environmental disturbance环境破坏biotic habitat生物环境sulfur dioxide二氧化硫nitrogen oxide氧化氮carbon dioxide二氧化碳automobile exhaust汽车尾气infectious diseases有传染性的疾病waterborne diseases水传染的疾病agrarian society农业社会industrial society工业社会industrial revolution产业革命urbanization城市化industrialization工业化developed country发达国家developing country发展中国家undeveloped country落后国家primary air pollutant一次大气污染物secondary air pollutant二次大气污染物monoxide一氧化物dioxide二氧化物trioxide三氧化物carbon monoxide一氧化碳carbon dioxide二氧化碳sulfur dioxide二氧化硫sulfur trioxide三氧化硫nitrous oxide一氧化二氮nitric oxide一氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化氮carbon oxides碳氮化物sulfur oxides硫氧化物nitrogen oxides氮氧化物hydrocarbons碳氢化合物photochemical oxidants光化学氧化物particulates颗粒物inorganic compound无机化合物organic compound有机化合物radioactive substance放射性物质heat热 noise噪声contaminant污染物 strength强度foreign matter杂质 domestic sewage生活污水municipal wastewater城市废水 microbe微生物microorganism微生物 bacteria细菌total solids总固体inorganic constituents无机要素suspended solids SS固体悬浮物volatile suspended solids VSS挥发性悬浮固体颗粒organic matter有机物质total organic carbon; TOC总有机碳chemical oxygen demand; COD化学需氧量biochemical oxygen demand; BOD生化需氧量biodegradable可微生物分解的contamination污染 recontamination再污染groundwater地下水 surface water地表水restriction限制 colloid胶体screening隔栅 coagulation凝聚flocculation絮凝 sedimentation沉淀filtration过滤 disinfection消毒chlorination氯化消毒 prechlorination预加氯ozonation臭氧消毒 aeration曝气softening软化 activated carbon活性炭adsorption吸附 reverse osmosis反渗透desalination脱盐处理microbial degradation微生物降解biological degradation生化降解biofilm process生物膜法activated sludge process活性污泥法attached-growth吸着生长suspended-growth悬浮生长shock loading冲击负荷organic loading有机负荷mixed liquor suspended solids混合液悬浮固体metabolize使代谢化metabolism新陈代谢dissolved oxygen 溶解氧pretreatment process 预处理工艺primary clarifier初沉池equalization basin均质池biological treatment process生物处理工艺aeration basin曝气池secondary clarifier二沉池biomass生物质heterotrophic bacteria异养菌autotrophic bacteria自养菌hydraulic retention time HRT 水力停留时间sludge residence time SRT污泥停留时间solid waste固体废物municipal城市化industrial工业的agricultural农业的hazardous危险的residential住宅的commercial商业的putrescibl e易腐烂的combustible易燃的flammable可燃的explosive易爆的radioactive放射性的Landfilling土地填埋 incineration:焚烧 composting: 堆肥 compaction: 压实;紧凑sanitary landfill卫生填埋 balance剩下的;余额;结余 batch-fed分批投料 refus e垃圾municipal waste城市垃圾perform: 执行 shut down:关闭 energy recovery能量回收incomplete combustion不完全燃烧combustion燃烧volume reduction体积缩小anaerobic厌氧硝化中英互译短语Biological degradation生化降解 equalization basin调节池 aeration basin曝气池sludge blocs污泥絮体 settling tank沉淀池 dissolved oxygen溶解氧suspended-growth悬浮生长 pulverized refuse垃圾破碎biofilm生物膜well-compacted landfill压实填埋场nutrient source营养源mass-burning大量燃烧fluidized fed incarceration硫化床燃烧法 soil conditioners土壤改良剂温室效应greenhouse effect 由CO2引起的caust by CO2 世界碳预算the world carbon budget 天气自然波动natural fluctuations 全球变暖global warming 厌氧的anaerobic腐烂Putrefied 甲烷methane 臭氧层ozone layer 气候模型climatic model正常浓度：normal concentration 严重污染物：heavily polluted 决定因素：determining factor光化学氧化物：photochemical oxidants 液体微滴：liquid particulates 含硫的：sulfur-containing放射性物质：radioactiue substance 汽车尾气：automobile exhaust wet oxidation湿式氧化1、Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us; that which we can see; hear;touch; smell; and taste. 环境是我们周围的物理和生物环境;我们可以看到、听到、接触到、闻到和品尝到的..2、Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical; chemical; or biologicalcharacteristics of the air; water; or land that can harmfully affect the health; survival; or activities of humans or other living organisms污染可以定义为大气、水或者土壤在物理、化学或者生物方面的特征所产生的不愉快的变化;它对人类的健康、生存和活动或者其他的有机体都产生了有害的影响..3、Two examples of interaction between systems that cause major environmental disturbances arepresented-the buildup of atmospheric carbon dioxide; a global problem; and the acid rain problem;normally of regional nature目前大气中二氧化碳的增多;是一个全球性的问题;还有酸雨问题;一般来说它都具有一定的区域特性;这就是两个关于系统之间的相互联系而产生重大环境问题的例子..4、With these improvements; however; have come disturbing side effects; such as lost arable land;disappearing forests; environmental pollution; and new organisms resistant to controls.经过这些进步;尽管还是有一些破坏性的影响;例如耕地、森林的消失;环境的污染和新的生物反抗的控制5、Both phenomena; urbanization and industrialization; were and are fundamental causes of water andair pollution which the cities of that time were unable to handle.城市化和工业化两者的现象;是过去和现在水污染和大气污染的根本原因;在过去这些城市是处理不了的6、Rapid advances in technology for the treatment of water and the partial treatment of wastewatertook place in the developed countries over the next few decades.在接下来的几十年理发达国家;在水治理和部分废水治理技术方面都取得了快速的进展..1、What Is Air Pollution Air pollution is normally defined as air that contains one or more chemicalsin high enough concentrations to harm humans; other animals; vegetation or materials. There are two major types of air pollutants .A primary air pollutant is a chemical added directly to the air that occurs in a harmful concentration. It can be a natural air component; such as carbon dioxide;that rises above its normal concentration; or something not usually found in the air; such as a lead compound emitted by cars burning leaded gasoline. A secondary air pollutant is a harmful chemical formed in the atmosphere through a chemical reaction among air components. Serious air pollution usually results over a city or other area that is emitting high levels of pollutants during a period of air stagnation. The geographic location of some heavily populated cities; such as Los Angeles and Mexico City; makes them particularly susceptible to frequent air stagnation and pollution buildup什么是大气污染大气污染一般定义为含有一种或多种浓度足够高得而且对人类、其他动物、植物或者物质产生有害影响的物质;有两种主要类型的大气污染;一次大气污染是一种化学物质直接排放到大气中并达到一定的有害浓度;他可以是空气仲的自然组分;例如二氧化碳;当它的浓度升高到超过它的正常值时;或者一些平常在大气中找不到的组分;例如汽车燃烧含铅汽油而导致大气中散发出一些化合物..二次大气污染物是指在大气中通入现有组分间发生的化学反应而产生的一种有害化学物质..严重的大气污染通常是在静风条件下经过一段时间后结果一个城市或其他地区的大气中有高浓度的污染物..一些人口非常稠密的城市的地理位置;例如洛杉矶和墨西哥的地理位置;使得它们经常特别易受空气流动停滞和污积物的增加的影响..1、The most severe consequence of CO2 induced global warming would be melting of the polar ice capsand he subsequent rise of ocean levels and inundation of coastal plains. 二氧化碳导致全球变暖最严重的后果将会是两极冰块的融化和海平面的上升以及沿海地区洪水的泛滥..2、Although global warming from the already elevate levels of atmospheric CO2 has been predicted bymost climatic models; such a warming has not been empirically observed.虽然全球气候变暖已经是通过大气仲CO2的浓度升高而被许多气候模型而预测得到;如此的一种变暖还没有以经验为主地观察3、Although they indicate trends in average surface temperatures and climate; they unfortunatelycoincide with increased industrialization and pollution虽然他们指出表面温度和气候的平均趋势;但是他们不幸地与工业化增加和污染相一致4、High biomass systems: Many current approaches to high biomass system employ a combination of fixedfilm suspended biomass in the process. High biomass systems have gained a certain popularity in Europe. During the past few years; a number of investigations undertaken in the Federal Republic of Germany have been reported. Among the advantages attributed to such systems have been improvements in nitrification performance; sludge settleability; and effluent quality.高生物质系统：现在很多应用在高生物质系统的方法是生物质固定膜上的组合工艺法..高生物质系统在欧洲得到了广泛的普及;在过去的几年里;由德国联邦政府着手的大量调查研究都被报道;在这样的优势归因于系统已经改善了硝化性能;污泥的沉降性和出水水质5、Reasons for selecting high biomass systems over construction of additional aeration tanks andclarifiersor other secondary treatment process include reduced space requirements; increased process stability; and capital/operating cost savings.选择高生物质系统的原因是在传统的曝气池和澄清池或者其他二次处理工艺的构筑物中都有减少空间的需要;增加工艺的稳定性能和节省操作费用6、High biomass systems call for installation of supplemental equipment over that contained in aconventional activated sludge plant; More installed equipment generally implies more maintenance;and; to some extent; this is true for some of the systems. In addition; the presence of both suspended and fixed biomass forms and higher biomass concentrations may require a certain level of additional operator time to achieve optimum system performance.高生物质系统需要安装辅助设备在那些常规的活性污泥厂里面;很多安装的设备一般需要较多的维修费用;在某些程度上;对于一些系统来说这是真的;除此之外;现场的悬浮和固定的生物质的形式和高生物质浓度都需要一个合适程度的额外操作时间来达到最佳的系统性能..7、The presence of inert support media and higher biomass concentrations in these systems can increaseoverall power consumption. To achieve desired mixing patterns in retrofitted aeration tanks; power input may have to be increased. Also; the presence of additional biomass increases system oxygen requirements which; in turn; requires additional power input. In addition; high biomass systems generally yield higher levels of nitrification; which also can affect overall power consumption.Such factors should be addressed when analyzing operating costs. 这些系统的惰性支持介质和较高的生物量集中的出现能增加全部的耗电量..为了达到在曝气池改进理想混合模型;使输入有力量可能必须被增加..同时另外生物量的出现增加系统氧需求;依次需要额外的电源输入..除此之外;高生物质系统一般达到较高的硝化水平;也能影响全部的耗电量..当分析操作费用的时候;如此的因素应该被提到..英译中1、Typical waste generation facilities; activities; or locations associated with each of these sourcesare presented in Table1. The types of wastes generated; which are discussed next; are also identified.固体废弃物的来源与设备、活动和土地有关的每一个这些来源在Table1中呈现;废弃物类型的产生;然后被讨论;也被识别2、Hazardous Wastes Chemical; biological; flammable; explosive; or radioactive wastes that pose asubstantial danger; immediately or over time; to human; plant; or animal life are classified as hazardous. Typically; these wastes occur as liquids; but they are often found in the form of gases;solids; or sledges. In all cases; these wastes must be handled and disposed of with great care and caution.危险废物：化学的、生物的、易燃的、易爆的或者放射性的废弃物在迅速或者一段时间对人类、植物和动物生态被归类未危险物;典型地;这些废物是以液态形式出现;但是它们通常也被发现一气体、固体或污泥的形式存在..总的来说;对于这些废弃物的处理和处置需要持以认真和谨慎的态度..中译英：1、饮食废物的重要特点在于它具有易腐烂性;尤其在温暖天气里;会极快地腐烂..The important characteristics of fooddiscard lieses in its hasing easily putrefied; will be very quickly putrefied particularly in warm weather..2、除了在家庭产生饮食废物外;在自助食堂、饭馆、医院和监狱等机构;以及诸如批发、零售等食品市场;均会产生大量的饮食废物..In addition to producing a food discard at family; in the self-help dining room; restaurant;hospital and etc. organization in jail; and food market such as wholesale; retail price; all will produce a great deal of food discard.。

一级学科---环境科学与工程----英文名称-Environmental-Science

中国海洋大学研究生培养方案（报表）一级学科名称环境科学与工程二级学科名称环境科学、环境工程、环境规划与管理二级学科代码 083001、083002、083020培养方案负责人高会旺联系电话 66782977电子邮件 hwgao@分管院长签字：院（系）盖章填表日期： 2007 年 7 月 30日一级学科：____环境科学与工程_____________英文名称： Environmental Science and Engineering代码：____08300________________一、学科简介环境科学与工程学院设有环境科学与工程博士和硕士学位授予权一级学科，涵盖环境科学、环境工程、环境规划与管理三个博士点，环境科学、环境工程、环境规划与管理三个硕士点。

设有环境工程工程硕士点和管理工程硕士点。

设有环境科学与工程博士后流动站。

环境科学和环境工程两个二级学科均为山东省重点学科。

环境科学是国家重点学科，山东省“十五”和“十一五”强化建设的重点学科。

持有国家环境评价甲级证书。

海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室是学院科学研究和人才培养的重要支撑。

本学科点现有教学科研人员68人（包括外聘12人），其中博士生导师2 2人（包括校外博导10人），教授33人（包括外聘12人），副教授16人，另有中国科学院院士1人，中国工程院双聘院士2人，“长江学者讲座教授”2人。

教学科研人员中81％具有博士学位，高级职称人员中70%具有国外留学或访问经历，45岁以下学术带头人及学术骨干占教师总数的70%，形成了以“长江学者讲座教授”、新世纪优秀人才、“973”课题、国家基金重大和重点项目负责人为学术带头人的学缘结构和年龄合理的学术团队。

经过“211工程”和“985工程”建设，本学科点和教育部重点实验室现有大型仪器设备总价值达2000余万元，形成了功能完备的海洋环境现场观测、室内分析测试和数值计算等研究和人才培养平台。

实验室总面积约4000m2。

环境科学与工程专业英语

环境科学与工程专业英语一、单词/词组(考试时要求:中译英/英译中）环境科学：environmental science环境工程：environmental engineering定量环境科学:quantitative environmental science定性环境科学：qualitative environmental science衰减再生：decay and recycling新陈代谢率：metabolic rates外来物质：foreign matter研究和发展:Research and Development一次大气污染物：primary air pollutant二次大气污染物：secondary air pollutant氧含量：Oxygen content点源：point sources沥青残留物：asphaltic residue酸雨：acid rain设备维护：facilities maintenance废物最小化：waste minimization正常浓度:normal concentration胡乱收集：magpie collection需氧量：oxygen demand/the amount of oxygen required闭合回路：closed—loop微生物：microbe/microorganisms环境科学与工程专业英语揭示大的差别;expose the considerable gaps空气质量监测：air—quality monitoring氧化剂：oxidizer石油精炼:petroleum refining活性炭：activated carbon质量控制：quality control海轮：ocean liner挥发性化学物质：volatile chemicals沙漠化：desertification火山喷发:volcanic eruption间歇源:intermittent sources衡量浓度：trace concentrations氯化物和硫化物：chlorides and sulphates风化：wind erosion不完全燃烧:incomplete combustion化石燃料：fossil fuels液滴：liquid dropletsSO3:sulfur trioxidefor managerial and administrative reasons行政管理上的原因stacks of generating stations许多发电站Roman empire罗马皇帝Cloaca maxima 古罗马的大排泄沟Wate phosphorous 亚磷的（三价磷）phosphorous acid亚磷酸phosphoric磷的(五价）carbonates，bicarbonates碳酸盐，碳酸氢盐carbohydrates碳水化合物，主要含氢和碳TOC(total organic carbon）总有机碳COD(chemical oxygen demand)化学需氧量BOD(biological oxygen demand)生化需氧量Biodegradable organic可生物降解的有机物BOD5 BOD的测试标准化rborne diseases 水传染的疾病epilimnion 表层水hypolimnion深水层thermocline热变形层become depleted of oxygen 缺氧二、重点句子翻译UNIT21.Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us；that which we can see，hear，touch,smell,and taste。

环境科学专业英语考试资料

第一单元：环境科学的定义：Environment (from the French environner: to encircle or surround) can be defined as(1) the circumstance or conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms, or(2) the plex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or munity.(环境(从法国environner:环绕或包围)可以被定义为(1)周围环境或条件有机体或一组生物,或(2)复杂的社会或文化环境影响个人或社区。

)Environmental science, then, is the systematic study of our environment and our proper place in it. (环境科学,是我们的环境和我们的系统研究适宜的位置。

)The study of human social development activities and environmental evolution, the interaction relationship between seeking co-evolution of human society and environment and sustainable development way and the method of science.(环境科学是一门研究人类社会开展活动与环境演化规律之间相互作用关系，寻求人类社会与环境协同演化、持续开展途径与方法的的科学。

)As distinguished economist Barbara Ward points out, for an increasing number of environmental issues, the difficulty is not to identify remedies,remedies are now well understood.〔作为出色的经济学家芭芭拉·沃德指出,越来越多的环境问题,困难并不是确定补救措施,补救措施现在很好理解。

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attenuation:衰减. [物] 衰减；变薄；稀释弱化衰减量minimization:最小化减到最小限度；估到最低额；轻视极小化installation:安装安装，装置；就职安装设施
permeability: 渗透率，渗透性；透磁率，导磁系数；弥漫磁导率渗透率
dispute: 争议，辩论；争吵vt. 辩论；怀疑；阻止；抗拒vi. 争论
final storage quality:可最终储存量
disposal:处置，处理；支配；清理；安排批地
sanitary:卫生，公共厕所adj. 卫生的，清洁的卫生的，环境卫生的，demolition:拆除，毁坏，破坏，拆毁，拆卸
hazardous waste landfill:有毒废弃物填埋
landfill-gas migration:填埋气迁移
behalf:代表
seepage:渗流，[流] 渗流；渗漏；渗液渗出的量
leachate: 渗滤液，沥出物；沥出液沥滤液渗漏污水
residual: 残余，剩余；误差残渣adj. 剩余的；残留的
dilution: 稀释，稀释，冲淡；稀释法；冲淡物稀释摊薄
aquifer: 含水层，蓄水层；含水土层，畜水层
intergranular: adj. 颗粒间的，晶粒间的间粒状的颗粒间的
carbonate content:碳酸盐含量
optimum:最佳效果；最适宜条件最佳adj. 最适宜的
a leachate front:渗滤液前沿
inhibit: vt. 抑制；禁止阻止
degradation: n. 退化；降格，降级；堕落降解降级conjunction: n. 结合；[语] 连接词；同时发生（连词）合取restoration: n. 恢复；复位；王政复辟；归还修复复原parameter: n. 参数；系数；参量变数
hazardous wasye landfills:有毒废气物填埋
impervious：不会受到损伤的，不受影响的
saturated 饱和的;渗透的
liner 1. 班轮;班机 2. 画线的人;画线工具 3.眼线笔;眼线膏 4.【棒】平飞球 5衬板
flux 1流出2. 涨潮3. 变迁4. 【物】通量5.【化】助熔剂overload vt.1.使超载,使负荷过多[(+with)] n.1.超载;超负荷[C] clay n. [U ]1. 粘土;泥土2.(上帝造人的)泥土;(人的)躯体,肉体leachate 1. 渗漏污水；沥滤液 2. 浸出液
hydrogeological adj. 水文地质的
strata 1. 地层 2. 复数
Comparison of Strategies
Make an conclusion: At the end of this article, the author points that our currently and recently operated landfills ate designed to maintain the waste forever but never disposes it completely. So even if the bottom liner system and the cap are durable, the leachate will cause a big disaster to our environment and affect our humen's health. To avoid this condition occurring,the writer give us the new word "final storage quality facility"(最终储存特性设
备)and tells us how to do in disposing waste process. Besides, he analyses the profits we will make if we take action.
文摘
填埋场设计和操作有两个主要的战略：
(1) 稀释衰减法
(2) 防漏储存法
稀释衰减法策略的有效性主要依赖于其上控制和可靠的化学、物理和生物过程在浪费自己的运作,并在可预测的衰减过程中潜在的岩层。

随着依据、细致、专业网站评价,然后是很高的质量要求，垃圾填埋场设计工程是必要的。

相关性质地层具有重要意义的认识包括微粒的尺寸分布、粘土含量、阳离子交换容量、不饱和区厚度、和碳酸盐岩的内容。

遏制战略的主要目标是最小化垃圾填埋场渗滤液的产生的渗滤液的并且去除垃圾。

脱除填埋场控制能够实现一个有效的底部的安装衬系统。

渗透水进了垃圾填埋场上可以减少有效叠床架屋的控制系统通过限制部件和垃圾填埋场的填充。

一生也有限(你的衬垫的柔性膜)还是(低)的渗透性粘土衬垫是有争议的。

然而,这个地点的衰减特性和浪费在填埋体质量显得不是那么重要了底部衬垫及帽的有效性。

“多障碍策略的实施”,是一种组合稀释和衰减的战略和策略,能牵制服务取得更好的垃圾掩埋场。

要考虑的主要障碍是:这个网站,底部衬垫系统,浪费,帽,和长期的监测。

多障碍策略的主要思想是所有上述障碍填埋场是必要的。

如果它能够证明,废物有“最后存储质量潜在的衰减能力的地层、垃圾填埋场可能更好分类为“低维修填埋”,相当于“最后的存储空间城市”。

如果不是,视乎有多少最后存储质量标准会否,填埋场被划分为中还是高维修填埋”。

1．介绍：
对填埋废物的意思,而且意味着你意愿去除掉永远的废物。

因此每一个垃圾堆是设计来执行作为最终贮存设施”。

贮存设施”的“最后必须加以区分从一个“中间存储设备”。

在一个“中间存储“废只储存设施有一有限的时间的时间,例如,因为适当的处理设施都是无效的。

在过去,优先处理网站经常被那些块的土地被认为是毫无价值的,例如,湿地和丢弃的砾石
坑坑里、粘土、石矿等。

这是正在进行的,即使在这seventieth垃圾场的小费,发展成为卫生垃圾场或控制Deponien。

垃圾填埋场设计中,即卫生为城市固体垃圾掩埋场废物、两种策略已被采纳的主管部门。

稀释衰减法
防漏储存法
在英国，稀释衰减法策略是以适当的保护人体健康和环境被人们普遍接受的。

很多调查对垃圾填埋和伏地层内的衰减过程进行了研究。

许多其他国家对存在的垃圾填埋场也可以分类为稀释衰减垃圾场。

特别是垃圾掩埋场以及卫生填埋场。

然而,根据英国的方法，很少有人了解稀释衰减垃圾场的具体的设计和运行操作。

防漏储存法需要建立一个底部衬板和一个封顶, 在世界上许多地方，它被人们广泛认为是有害废弃物填埋场。

对于垃圾填埋场的卫生状况, 许多国家都要求要有一个底部衬板,但是他们宁愿要个表面封盖而不是一个封顶。

目前,当设计卫生垃圾填埋场时, 为了减少渗滤液的生成和垃圾填埋气体的产生封顶都被认为是必要的。

2。

防漏储存策略
在英国防漏储存策略被主管机关广泛接受。

该主管机关。

这个承诺是主要基
于代表英国环保部门的HARWELL的研究部门做出的结果。

罗宾逊(1987)进行了阐述和讨论了这一战略。

“淡化和衰减的垃圾填埋场的设计理论
根据他在处理垃圾本身的化学、物理和生物以及岩石圈层的过程的有效性进行设定。

在英国,很多垃圾掩埋场继续根据以上的这些原则进行安全可靠的操作, 在过去10年里，重大的地面或地表水污染事件是很少见的,尽管增加了大量监测活动。

”仍然必要的是，,在一个地点上建设一个高质量的垃圾填埋场设计工程,是建立在详细和专业地点评价基础上的。

“如果一个稀释衰减的填埋场是要构建，它必须可以有一个合理的信心来证明在对地下水源检测到的不良影响的可能值是可接受的最小值”
“允许这个(垃圾填埋场根据dilute-and-attenuate策略),相关性质的底层进行操作必须要测量与评估，包括粒度分布、粘土含量,阳离子交换容量-,非饱和区厚度、容量缓冲pH-values ~,以及二氧化碳和脂肪酸的迁徙这些废物较低的倾向于有益微生物的价值观”“一个重要的非饱和区进一步利益所在是从控制渗滤液的渗漏到饱和区,以致一般可从地下水中氧气和稀释过程中产生的残留物污染物负荷达到平衡。

要记住是,在考虑选址时，有两方面是重要的：一是最小化的垃圾渗滤液量,另一个是渗滤液的产生和释放是安全的稀释出来。

“各种不同的问题(广泛的英国地质层)的姿势就意味着不是没有一个可普遍应用的垃圾填埋场。