Fine-resolution simulation of surface current and sea ice in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas
(仅供参考)CFD湍流模型使用技巧培训
Integration Platform w-equation
2-equation models • k-w, BSL, SST
Transition Model • g-ReQ model
Unsteady models • SST-SAS • SST-DES
w-equation
Wall Treatment • Automatic wall treatment
Eddy Simulation Models:
Large Eddy Simulation (LES) [transient]
Detached Eddy Simulation (DES)* Scale Adaptive Simulation SST (SAS)*
* Not available in the ANSYS CFD-Flo product
RNG k-ε model.
Stress
Standard k-ω model.
SMC-ω model
Baseline (BSL) zonal k-ω based model. Baseline (BSL) Reynolds' Stress model
SST zonal k-ω based model. (k-ε)1E model.
SAS – globally unstable flows DDES – globally and locally unstable flows ELES/WMLES marginally unstable flows
ANSYS Fluent 湍流模型
RANS Models
One-Equation Model Spalart-Allmaras
DES (Detached Eddy Simulation)
WITP中文用户手册
太平洋战争对日作战, 1941-45TM用户手册1.0翻译人：牛牛注意事项：1. 本人英文水平有限，加上对游戏了解也有限，翻译过程中难免有错误。
但是请大家相信，我已经尽自己最大努力减少错误了。
希望大家发现错误能够和我联系，我们一起来纠正错误，探讨游戏。
2. 我翻译起来也很累啊，希望尊重我的劳动成果，转载的时候请注明翻译人。
3. 此翻译只是处于爱好，不为了赢利等目的，而且也只是在游戏爱好者内部交流用。
游戏手册版权仍然属于作者。
其它人如果用于商业目的，引起纠纷，与我无关。
（其实也没有什么商业价值，但是保险点好，吃官司可受不了）4. 我的笔名就用牛牛。
5. 我是男的，在宽宽上好玩，所以用了女性性别。
所以别为了性趣联系我。
6. 我的邮箱为Joycen_n@。
QQ不留了，我不太上。
7. 所有标题前面的编号看起来很乱，其实不是。
我都是按照原英文攻略编排的，这样方便大家对照了看。
如果我全部起用新的标号，很容易混淆，而且会让原来的英文攻略失去了参照价值。
2.2 热键 HOTKEYS[F2]在“不显示电脑控制的TFs”(自动护航auto-convoy以及其它)，“不显示玩家控制的TFs”以及“显示全部TFs”之间切换。
[F3]切换飞机航程半径Plane Range Radius的开关[F4]切换TF移动半径的开关[F5]切换战斗动画combat animations的开关[F6]切换格子详细信息detailed hexside info的开关[F7]切换云的开关[F8]切换战斗概要combat summaries的开关，但仍然保留战斗报告combat reports[F9]让玩家在下个时机进入命令阶段Orders Phase[A]打开陆军飞机名单窗口[B]打开基地名单窗口[C]打开战斗报告窗口[D]查看飞机，军队和车辆资料[E]结束命令阶段[F]保存[G]打开陆军单位名单窗口[H]显示自动护航系统[I] Bring up the Intelligence Reports screen打开情报报告Intelligence Report窗口[L] Bring up the Signal Intelligence reports打开无线电情报报告窗口[M] View Game Credits查看游戏致谢名单[N] Bring up the List All Naval Air Units screen打开海军飞机名单窗口[O] Bring up the Operational Report screen打开行动报告Operational Repor 窗口[P] Bring up the Preference and Options screen打开选项窗口[Q] Quit game退出游戏[R] Toggles colored rail/road/trail networks on/of切换道路彩色网格的开关[S] Bring up the List All Ships screen打开所有舰艇名单窗口[T] Bring up the List All Task Forces screen打开所有TF窗口[V] View Ship Database查看舰艇资料[Z] Display the Control Zone Map打开控制区地图Control Zone Map[1] Toggles zone terrain text in each hex on the Tactical Map在战术地图上打开格子的地形说明[2] Toggles zone location text in each hex on the Tactical Map在战术地图上打开格子的位置说明[3]打开格子的天气预报[Ctrl] [A]打开战略地图[Ctrl] [J]在全屏地图模式下打开小地图[?]命令选择的单位返回自身基地2.3 游戏开始菜单 MAIN GAME MENU上面的就是游戏开始的界面，没有什么特别的，这么点简单的英文应该能看懂吧。
VIIRS高分辨率地表反射率关系库支持下的气溶胶光学厚度反演
ln（乙/入）
a 二-------------
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ln（ Ai /A 2）'
Suomi-NPP VIIRS数据反演大气颗粒物质量浓度提供了重要数据源。
关键 词：气溶胶光学厚度；遥感；可见光红外成像辐射仪；反演算法；地表反射率关系库
中图分类号：P237
文献标识码：A
DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn. 1673-6338.2021.03.012
VIIRS Aerosol Optical Depth Retrieval Based on High Resolution Surface Reflectance Ratio Database
面矢量文件对每日过境数据进行裁剪,确保裁剪
后的同区域影像行列号一致。反演只读取晴空像
元的表观反射率和太阳天顶角 、卫星天顶角、方
位角。
1.1.2地基验证数据
在AERONET获得与卫星过境前、后半小时
相对应的大气气溶胶地基观测数据， 将其作为验
证数据。采用2018-04-15—2018-05-15研究区域
收稿日期：2021-03-24 ；修回日期：2021-04-31 o 基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1200300)。 作者简介：王联霞(1996-)，女，河南洛阳人，硕士生，主要研究方向为遥感技术应用。E-mail ：wlxbykl@
296
测绘科学技术学报
2021 年
台上运行以来，已经为全球的气溶胶时空分布提 供了大量的数据和产品。VIIRS ( Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)作为新一代对地观测传 感器，是MODIS退役后获取全球气溶胶分布的重 要传感器。
光伏工艺流程英语
IntroductionThe photovoltaic (PV) industry, an essential component of the global renewable energy landscape, is characterized by its continuous pursuit of high-quality and high-standard manufacturing processes. These processes are critical to ensuring the efficiency, reliability, and longevity of solar modules, which directly impact their overall performance and return on investment. This comprehensive analysis delves into the intricate steps involved in the PV manufacturing process, emphasizing the multi-faceted strategies employed to maintain and enhance product quality and adherence to stringent standards.1. Silicon Feedstock ProcessingThe PV manufacturing process begins with the procurement and refinement of silicon feedstock, the primary raw material for most solar cells. High-quality monocrystalline or multicrystalline silicon is obtained through processes such as the Czochralski (CZ) method or the directional solidification technique. These methods ensure the production of silicon ingots with low impurity levels and optimized crystal structures, vital for maximizing cell efficiency. Rigorous quality control measures, including in-line monitoring and post-processing inspections, are implemented to verify the purity, resistivity, and structural integrity of the silicon.2. Wafer FabricationSilicon ingots are sliced into thin wafers, typically 150-200 micrometers thick, using wire saws or diamond-coated blades. The wafer fabrication stage involves precise control over wafer thickness, flatness, and surface roughness to minimize optical losses and ensure uniformity across the production batch. Advanced texturing techniques, such as alkaline etching or laser doping, are applied to create microstructures on the wafer surface, enhancing light absorption and reducing reflectance. Quality control at this stage includes visual inspections, edge isolation, and electrical testing to identify and weed out defective wafers.3. Solar Cell ProcessingSolar cell processing transforms the silicon wafers into functional devices capable of converting sunlight into electricity. Key steps include:a) Surface Passivation: High-quality dielectric films, such as silicon nitride or aluminum oxide, are deposited on both sides of the wafer to reduce surface recombination and improve minority carrier lifetime, thereby enhancing cell efficiency.b) Diffusion: Phosphorus or boron dopants are introduced into the wafer to form the p-n junction, the heart of the solar cell where photogenerated electrons and holes separate and generate current. Precise control over diffusion temperature, time, and gas concentration is crucial to achieve the desired junction depth and sheet resistance.c) Metallization: Fine-line screen printing or advanced plating techniques are used to deposit metal contacts (usually silver or aluminum) on the front and back surfaces of the cell. The design and layout of these contacts significantly influence cell efficiency by minimizing shading losses and optimizing current collection.d) Anti-Reflection Coating (ARC): A thin layer of silicon nitride or other materials is applied to the front surface of the cell, further reducing surface reflection and enhancing light trapping.Throughout this stage, rigorous quality control measures are in place, including real-time process monitoring, in-line metrology, and periodic sampling for detailed characterization and analysis. These measures ensure compliance with industry standards like IEC 61215 and IEC 61730, which govern the performance, safety, and durability of PV modules.4. Module AssemblyHigh-quality PV modules are assembled from individual cells, encapsulated between ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) sheets and protected by a durable glass cover and a weather-resistant backsheet. Stringing the cells in series, soldering interconnects, and laminating the components under vacuum and elevated temperatures ensure electrical connectivity, mechanical stability, andenvironmental protection. Quality control during module assembly encompasses visual inspections, electroluminescence imaging, and flash testing to assess cell-to-cell variations, detect micro-cracks or hotspots, and verify power output and performance parameters.5. Reliability Testing and CertificationTo meet high-standard requirements, PV modules undergo a battery of rigorous reliability tests simulating various environmental and stress conditions they may encounter during their service life. These tests, as outlined in international standards like IEC 61215, IEC 61730, and UL 1703, include thermal cycling, humidity-freeze, damp heat, mechanical load, and potential-induced degradation (PID) tests. Successful completion of these tests earns modules certifications from recognized bodies like TÜV Rheinland, UL, or Intertek, providing assurance of their long-term performance and durability.6. Supply Chain Management and TraceabilityEnsuring high-quality, high-standard PV products also necessitates robust supply chain management and traceability systems. Manufacturers collaborate closely with suppliers to verify the quality and sustainability of raw materials, components, and auxiliary services. Advanced digital platforms enable end-to-end tracking of materials and processes, facilitating quick identification and resolution of quality issues, adherence to international regulations, and fulfillment of customer-specific requirements.ConclusionThe high-quality, high-standard PV manufacturing process is a testament to the industry's commitment to delivering efficient, reliable, and long-lasting solar energy solutions. From the meticulous processing of silicon feedstock to the rigorous testing and certification of finished modules, each stage is infused with a multi-dimensional approach to quality control, technological innovation, and adherence to international standards. As the global shift towards renewable energy accelerates, the ongoing refinement and optimization of this complex process will continue to drive advancements in solar technology, fostering amore sustainable and resilient energy future.。
高分三号雷达卫星数据预处理流程
高分三号雷达卫星数据预处理流程1.首先，我们需要导入高分三号雷达卫星数据。
First, we need to import the data from the GF-3 radar satellite.2.然后，对数据进行质量控制，包括去除异常值和填补缺失值。
Then, perform quality control on the data, including removing outliers and filling in missing values.3.接下来，对数据进行预处理，如去噪、辐射校正和地理坐标转换。
Next, preprocess the data, such as denoising, radiometric correction, and georeferencing.4.在数据预处理过程中，需要考虑雷达影像的波长和极化特性。
Consider the wavelength and polarization characteristics of the radar images during data preprocessing.5.对数据进行辐射定标，确保数据在不同时间和地点具有一致的无量纲化单位。
Radiometric calibration of the data is performed toensure consistent dimensionless units at different times and locations.6.在地理坐标转换时，需要将雷达影像数据投影到统一的坐标系中。
During georeferencing, the radar image data needs to be projected onto a unified coordinate system.7.数据的辐射校正有助于减小不同时间和天气条件下影像的差异。
Radiometric correction of the data helps reducedifferences in images under different times and weather conditions.8.在预处理过程中，还需要考虑雷达影像的分辨率和几何精度。
核能专业词汇英语翻译（f-l）[精品]
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fabrication 制造facility 设施facility attachment 设施附属文件facility practice 设施实行facility safeguards approach 设施的保障监督方法factor 系数factor of porosity 孔隙率factor of stress concentration 应力集中因数fading 阻尼fail safe instrument 故障时安全运行的仪器fail safe operation 安全运行failed can detection 破损燃料探测failed element 破损元件failed element indicator 破损元件指示器failed element monitor 破损元件监测器failed fuel detection 破损燃料探测failed fuel detection and location 破损燃料探测和定位failed fuel detector 破损燃料探测器failsafe 故障自动保险的failure checking 故障检查failure free operation 无故障运行failure mode 故障种类failure of parity conservation 宇称守恒的破坏failure prediction 故障预测fall back 回落fall out 放射性沉降fall time 下降时间falling stream method 降哩fallout density 放射性沉降物密度fallout monitoring 沉降物监测fallout particle 沉降粒子fallout pattern 沉降物分布型式fallout radioactive material 放射性沉降物fallout sampling network 沉降物取样网fallout shelter 沉降物掩蔽所false alarm probability 假报警几率false curvature 假曲率false scram 错误信号紧急停堆family 系fano's theorem 法诺定理far field 远场far infra red radiation 远红外辐射far ultraviolet radiation 远紫外辐射farad 法拉faraday cage 法拉第笼faraday constant 法拉第常数faraday cup 法拉第笼farvitron 线振质谱仪fast acting control rod 快动棕制棒fast advantage factor 快中子有利因子fast amplifier 宽频带放大器fast and thermal reactor burnup computer code 快和热反应堆燃耗计算机代码fast breeder 快中子增殖反应堆fast breeder reactor 快中子增殖反应堆fast burst reactor 快中子脉冲反应堆fast burst reactor facility 快中子脉冲反应堆装置fast ceramic reactor 陶瓷燃料快堆fast chamber 快速电离室fast chopper 快中子选择器fast coincidence 快符合fast coincidence unit 快符合单元fast compression cloud chamber 快压缩云室fast conversion 快中子转换fast cosmic ray neutron 宇宙射线的快中子fast critical assembly 快中子临界装置fast cross section 快中子截面fast detector 快速探测器fast effect 快中子倍增效应fast electron 快电子fast exponential experiment 快中子指数实验装置fast fission 快中子裂变fast fission effect factor 快中子裂变效应系数fast fission region 快中子裂变区fast fissionability 快中子致裂变性fast flux 快中子通量fast flux test facility 快中子通量试验装置fast fragment 快碎片fast killing dose 快速杀伤剂量fast leakage factor 快中子泄漏因子fast mean free path 快中子平均自由程fast medium 快中子介质fast multiplication effect 快中子倍增效应fast multiplication factor 快中子倍增因子fast neutron 快中子fast neutron activation method 快中子活化法fast neutron breeder reactor 快中子增殖反应堆fast neutron breeding 快中子增殖fast neutron calibration 快中子刻度fast neutron collimator 快中子准直器fast neutron counter tube 快中子计数管fast neutron cycle 快中子增殖循环fast neutron detector 快中子探测器fast neutron diffusion length 快中子扩散长度fast neutron dose equivalent 快中子剂量当量fast neutron dosimeter 快中子剂量计fast neutron fission cross section 快中子裂变截面fast neutron fission increase rate 快中子裂变增加率fast neutron fluence 快中子积分通量fast neutron generator 快中子发生器fast neutron non leakage probability 快中子不泄漏几率fast neutron range 快中子区fast neutron reaction 快中子反应fast neutron reactor 快中子裂变反应堆fast neutron selector 快中子选择器fast neutron spectrometer 快中子谱仪fast plutonium reactor 快中子钚反应堆fast radiochemistry 快速放射化学fast reaction 快速核反应fast reactor 快中子裂变反应堆fast reactor core test facility 快堆堆芯试验装置fast reactor physics 快速反应堆物理学fast reactor test assembly 快堆试验装置fast reactor thermal engineering facility 快堆热工程研究设施fast region 快中子区fast setback 迅速下降fast slow coincidence circuit 快慢符合电路fast sub critical assembly 快中子次临界装置fast test reactor 快中子试验反应堆fast thermal coupled reactor 快热耦合反应堆fast zero power reactor 快中子零功率反应堆fatal dose 致命剂量fatalities 死亡事故fatigue 疲劳fatigue fracture 疲劳断裂fatigue limit 疲劳极限fatigue test 疲劳试验fault 故障faulted condition 损伤状态faulty fuel assembly 破损燃料组件favorable geometry 有利几何条件fb 快中子增殖反应堆fcc 核燃料循环成本fcf 核燃料循环设施feather analysis 费塞分析feather's empirical formula 费瑟经验公式feather's rule 费瑟规则feed 供给feed adjustment tank 进料蝶槽feed end 加料端feed material 给料物质feed plant 核燃料生产工厂feed pump 给水泵feed stage 给料段feed water 给水feed water control system 给水控制系统feedback 反馈feedback circuit 反馈回路feedback control 反馈控制feedback loop 反馈回路feedback ratio 反馈比feedback signal 反馈信号feedwater equipment 给水设备feedwater flow control 给水量控制ferganite 水钒铀矿fermat's principle 费马原理fermi 费米fermi acceleration 费米加速fermi age 费米年龄fermi age equation 费米年龄方程fermi age theory 费米年龄理论fermi beta decay theory 费米衰变理论fermi characteristic energy level 费米能级fermi constant 费米常数fermi dirac gas 费米狄拉克气体fermi dirac statistics 费米狄拉克统计学fermi distribution 费米分布fermi distribution function 费米狄拉克分布函数fermi energy 费米能级fermi function 费米函数fermi gas 费米气体fermi gas model 费米气体模型fermi interaction 费米相互酌fermi intercept 散射长度fermi level 费米能级fermi limit 费米能级fermi particle 费米子fermi perturbation 费米微扰fermi plot 费米线图fermi potential 费米势fermi reactor 费米中子反应堆fermi resonance 费米共振fermi selection rules 费米选择定则fermi spectrum 费米谱fermi statistics 费米统计fermi surface 费米面fermi temperature 费米温度fermi theory of cosmic ray acceleration 费米宇宙射线加速理论fermi transition 费米跃迁fermi's golden rule 费米黄金法则fermion 费米子fermium 镄ferquency response 频率特性ferric 正铁的ferrimagnetism 铁氧体磁性ferrite 铁素体ferro resonance 铁磁共振ferroelectric material 铁电物质ferromagnet 铁磁材料ferromagnetic material 铁磁性材料ferromagnetic substance 铁磁性材料ferromagnetism 铁磁性ferrosilicon 硅铁ferrothorite 铁钍石ferrouranothorite 铁铀钍石ferrous 亚铁的ferrous sulfate dosimeter 硫酸亚铁剂量计fertile 可转换的fertile absorber 可转换的吸收体fertile element 再生元素fertile fuel 增殖性燃料feynman diagram 费因曼图feynman positon theory 费因曼正电子理论fhm 换料机fiber electrometer 悬丝静电计fiberglass 玻璃纤维fibre electrometer 悬丝静电计fick's law 菲克定律fictitious binding energy 虚结合能fictitious spin quantum number 假想自旋量子数field 场field coil 励磁线圈field current 励磁电流field disposal 野外处置field distribution 场分布field emission 自动电子放射field emission counter 场致发射计数管field emission electron microscope 场致发射电子显微镜field emitted electron 场致发射电子field intensity 场强field ion emission 场致离子发射field of forces 力场field particle 场粒子field pattern 力线field quantum 场量子field strength 场强field theory 场论field use 野外利用fieldless 无场的fifty percent survival time 百分之五十存活时间figure 图形filament 丝filament battery a电池组filament cuurent 灯丝电流filament electrometer 悬丝静电计filled band 填充区域filled level 充满能级filled shell 满壳层filler 填充料filling 装填filling material 填充料film 薄层film boiling 膜态沸腾film coefficient 膜系数film dosimeter 胶片剂量计film dosimetry 胶片剂量测定法film illuminator 底片观察灯film marker 胶片标志体film ring 胶片指环剂量计filter 过滤器filter aid 助滤剂filter bed 过虑床filter cake 滤饼filter cloth 滤布filter house 过滤部filter medium 过滤介质filter paper 滤纸filter press 压滤机filter thickness 过滤岂度filtering 过滤filtrate 滤液filtration 过滤fima 菲马fin 肋片final control element 末控元件final controlling drive 末控元件final nucleus 终核final particle 最后粒子final product 最终产物final safety analysis report 最终安全分析报告final solution 最终溶液final state 终态final velocity 终末fine adjustment 精密蝶fine control 细调精密第fine control channel 精密第通道fine control element 精密第元件fine control member 精密第元件fine distribution 精细分布fine focus 细焦点fine grained 细颗粒的fine grinding 细磨fine powder 细粉fine regulating rod 精密控制棒fine resolution 高分辨率fine structure 精细结构fine structure constant 精细结构常数fine tuning 细调fingal process 芬哥尔法finite 有限的finite cylindrical reactor 有限圆柱形反应堆finned tube heat exchanger 翅片管换热器finned tubular radiator 翅片管散热器finning 加散热片fire brick 耐火砖fire clay 耐火土fire proof 耐火的fire proof mortar 耐火砂浆fire retardant paint 防火涂料fire storm 火风暴fireball 火球fireball model 火球模型first collision probability 首次碰撞几率first harmonic 基波first ionization potential 第一电离电位first order fission products 原始裂变产物first quantum number 挚子数first radiation constant 第一辐射常数first townsend coefficient 第一汤森系数first townsend discharge 第一汤森放电first wall 第一壁fish track 鱼形径迹fisser 裂变物质fissile 分裂的fissile atom 裂变原子fissile class 可裂变级fissile material 裂变物质fissile nucleus 可分裂的核fissile nuclide 可裂变核素fissile plutonium 裂变钚fissile region 裂变区fissility 可裂变性fission 核裂变fission capture 裂变俘获fission chain 裂变链fission chain reaction 裂变链式反应fission chamber 裂变电离室fission channel 裂变道fission counter 裂变计数器fission counter tube 裂变计数管fission counting 分裂计数fission counting rate 裂变计数率fission cross section 裂变截面fission density 裂变密度fission energy 裂变能量fission energy spectrum 裂变能谱fission energy storage 裂变能积聚fission fragment 裂变碎片fission fragment range 裂变碎片射程fission fragment track 裂变碎片径迹fission fragment track dosimeter 裂变碎片径迹剂量计fission fragments 裂变碎片fission fusion detonation 裂变聚变核爆炸fission fusion fission bomb 裂变聚变裂变弹fission fusion power plant 裂变聚变发电站fission gamma 裂变量子fission gas 裂变气体fission gas monitor 裂变气体监测器fission heat 裂变热fission loss 裂变损失fission mean free path 裂变平均自由程fission neutron 裂变中子fission neutron absorber 裂变中子吸收体fission neutron absorption cross section 裂变中子吸收截面fission neutrons 裂变中子fission poisons 裂变毒物fission power plant 裂变发电站fission probability 裂变几率fission process 裂变过程fission product 裂变产物fission product debris 裂变产物碎片fission product decay heat 裂变产物衰变热fission product detection 裂变产物探测fission product poisoning 裂变产物中毒fission product release 裂变产物释放fission product removal system 裂变产物除去系统fission product retaining coated fuel particle 保持裂变产物的涂敷燃料颗粒fission product screening loop 裂变产物筛选回路fission product separator failed element monitor 裂变产物分离式破损燃料监测器fission product waste storage 裂变产物废物储存fission product yield 裂变产额fission products monitoring 裂变产物监测fission products poisoning predictor 裂变产物中毒预报器fission products poisoning process 裂变产物中毒过程fission products radioisotopes 裂变产物放射性同位素fission rate 裂变率fission reaction 裂变反应fission reactor 裂变反应堆fission reactor control 裂变反应堆控制fission recoils 裂变反冲物fission resonance 裂变共振fission species 裂变核类fission spectrum 裂变中子能谱fission threshold 裂变阈能fission track dating 裂变径迹定年技术fission weapon 裂变武器fission yield 裂变产额fission yield curve 裂变产额曲线fissionable 分裂的fissionable atom 可裂变原子fissionable derivative 可裂变衍生物fissionable element 可裂变元素fissionable fuel 可裂变燃料fissionable material 裂变物质fissionable material detection 可裂变物质探测fissionable material production reactor 可裂变物质生产反应堆fissionable nucleus 可分裂的核fissioning distribution 裂变中子谱fissioning isomer 裂变同质异能素fissioning spectrum 裂变谱fissions per initial fissionable atom 菲法fissium 裂变产物fissium alloy 裂变产物合金fissium oxide 裂变产物合金氧化物fixation 固定fixed contamination 固定沾污fixed electron 束缚电子fixed field alternating gradient 固定磁场交变梯度fixed field alternating gradient accelerator 固定磁场交变梯度聚焦加速器fixed field alternating gradient synchrotron 固定磁场交变梯度同步加速器fixed reflector 固定反射层fixed target 固定靶flame ionization detection 火焰电离检测flame reaction 焰色反应flame spectrophotometry 火焰分光光度测定法flame spectrum 火焰光谱flange coupling 凸缘联轴节flash gamma radiation 瞬发辐射flash point 闪点flash welding 闪光焊flashing point 闪点flask 烧瓶flat bottomed flask 平底烧瓶flat counter tube 平板型正比计数管flat linear induction pump 平面式直线感应泵flattened region 展平区flattened zone 展平区flattening 展平flattening material 展平材料flattening of neutron flux 中子通量展平flattening radius 展平区半径flaw 缺陷flaw detection 探伤flaw detector 探伤器flaw sensitivity 裂痕灵敏度flecxure 负载弯曲flexibility 柔软性flexible 可挠的flexible beta ray sheeting 射线软片flight path 飞行路径flint glass 燧石玻璃flip flop 触发电路flip flop multivibrator 双稳态多谐振荡器floating action 浮动酌floating earthquake resistant nuclear power station 浮式抗震核电站floating nuclear power plant 海上浮动核电站flocculation 絮凝flocculent precipitate 絮状沉淀物flooding 注水flooding point 溢零flooding point rate 溢零速度floor contamination indicator 地面沾污指示器floor contamination meter 地面沾污计floor contamination monitor 地面污染监测器floor type radiation beacon 落地式辐射报警器flop in method 增加法flop out method 缩减法flotation 浮选flow chart 撂图flow counter 柳式计数管flow diagram 撂图flow indicator 量指示计flow line 吝flow meter 量计flow of materials 物质流flow point 怜点flow rate 临flow sheet 撂图flowmeter 量计fluctuation 涨落fluctuation time 涨落时间flue 烟道fluence 积分通量fluence rate 积分通量率fluid 铃fluid bed heat exchanger 怜床热交换器fluid flowmeter 液体量计fluid friction 铃摩擦fluid fuel 铃燃料fluid fuel fast reactor 铃燃料快速反应堆fluid fuel reactor 铃燃料反应堆fluid mixing tank 混合器fluid poison control 液态毒物控制fluid poison injection safety mechanism 液态毒物注入安全机构fluidity 怜性fluidized bed 连化床fluidized bed reactor 怜床反应堆fluidized bed solidification 怜床固化fluidized fuel reactor 怜燃料反应堆fluidized reactor 怜燃料反应堆fluoborate 氟硼酸盐fluophotometer 荧光光度计fluorescence 荧光fluorescence dosimeter 荧光剂量计fluorescence indicator 荧光指示剂fluorescence spectrum 荧光光谱fluorescence yield 荧光产额fluorescent 萤光的fluorescent lifetime 发光时间fluorescent material 荧光物质fluorescent method 荧光法fluorescent radiation 荧光性辐射fluorescent screen 荧光屏fluorescent substance 荧光物质fluorescent x ray spectrometer 荧光x 射线谱仪fluorescent x rays 荧光x射线fluoride fuel reactor 氟化物燃料反应堆fluoride volatility process 氟化物挥发撂fluorimeter 荧光计fluorimetric analysis 荧光分析fluorimetry 荧光测定法fluorination method 氟化法fluorine 氟fluoroglass dosimeter 荧光玻璃剂量计fluorography 荧光图象摄影术fluorometer 荧光计fluorometry 荧光测定法fluoroscope 荧光镜fluoroscopic apparatus 荧光透视装置fluoroscopy 荧光检查flute 槽flux 通量flux converter 中子联换器flux density 通量密度flux of energy 能通量flux peaking 局部通量剧增flux peaking factor 局部通量剧增因子flux time 积分通量flux trap 通量阱fluxmeter 磁通计fly off 上移flywheel 飞轮foaming agent 发泡剂focal distance 焦距focal length 焦距focal plane 焦平面focal point 焦点focal spot 焦斑focus 焦点focusing 聚焦focusing cap 聚焦盖focusing electrode 聚焦电极focusing quadrupole magnet 聚焦四极透镜磁铁fog 雾fog cooling 喷雾冷却foil 箔foil detector 箔探测器follower 后随部folw 流food irradiation 食品辐照food irradiation reactor 食物辐照用反应堆food sterilization 食品消毒forbidden band 禁带forbidden beta decay 禁戒衰变forbidden beta transition 禁戒跃迁forbidden energy band 禁带forbidden nuclear transition 禁戒核跃迁forbidden transition 禁戒跃迁forbiddenness 禁戒性force 力force constant of linkage 结合力常数force of attraction 引力force of gravity 重力force of inertia 惯性力force of repulsion 排斥力forced circulation 受迫循环;强制循环forced convection 强制对流forced flow boiling water reactor 强制怜沸水反应堆forced oscillation 强制振荡forced radiation 强制辐射forced vibration 强制振荡forceps 钳子foreign atom 化学杂质foreign body 杂质foreign gas 杂质气体foreign matter 杂质forepump 预真空泵form factor 形状系数formation 产生formi dirac gas 费米气体forvacuum 预真空forvacuum pump 预真空泵forward scattering 前方散射fountain pen type dosemeter 自来水笔式剂量计fountain pen type exposuremeter 自来水笔式照射量计four channel fast coincidence unit 四道快符合单元four factor formula 四因子公式four force 四元力four momentum 四维动量four pi counter 4计数管four pi radiation detector 4辐射探测器four velocity 四元速度fourier analysis 傅里叶分析fourier analyzer 傅里叶分析器谐波分析器fourier transformation 傅里叶变换fourmarierite 红铀矿fourth stage of matter 物质的第四态fraction 馏分fraction exchange 交换系数fractional crystallization 分级结晶fractional distillation 分馏fractional extraction 分级萃取fractional ionization 电离度fractional yield 部分产额fractionated irradiation 分次照射fractionating column 分馏柱fractionating tower 分馏柱fractionation 分级fractionation effect 分次效应fragility 脆性fragment 碎片fragmentation of nucleus 核碎裂frame of reference 座标系统francevillite 钒铅钡铀矿francium 钫franck condon principle 弗兰克康登原理franck hertz experiment 弗兰克赫茨试验frap 燃料棒分析程序frap s 燃料棒分析程序稳态frap t 燃料棒分析程序瞬变过程free air 自由空气free air chamber 自由空气电离室free air dose 空气剂量free charge 自由电荷free electron 自由电子free end 自由端free energy 自由能free field 自由场free field particle acceleration 自由场粒子加速free free collision 非弹性碰撞free isotope hold up 游离同位素滞留量free molecule diffusion 自由分子漫散free neutron 自由中子free oscillation 自由振荡free path 自由程free state 游离状态free surface 自由面free valence 自由价free water 自由水分freezing 凝固freezing mixture 冷冻剂freezing point 凝固点frenkel defect 弗兰克尔缺陷freon 氟利昂frequency condition 频率条件frequency conversion 频率变换frequency match 频率蝶frequency meter 频计frequency modulated cyclotron 同步回旋加速器frequency modulation 频率灯frequency of inspection 监查频度frequency range 频率范围frequency response characteristic 频率特性frequency shift 移频frequency spectrum 频谱fresh fuel 新燃料fretting corrosion 摩擦磨蚀freyalite 硬硅铈钍矿friction 摩擦friction coefficient 摩擦系数friction loss 摩擦损耗frictional force 摩擦力frisch ionization chamber 弗里希电离窒fritzscheite 钒磷锰铀矿frosted glass 毛玻璃frozen magnetic field 冻结磁场frozen shaft seal 冻结法轴密封frozen static seal 冷冻静态密封ft value 相对寿命fuel 核燃料fuel assembly 核燃料组件fuel assembly grid 燃料集合体栅格fuel assembly stability test 燃料集合体稳定性试验fuel box 燃料元件容器fuel breeding cycle 燃料增殖循环fuel bundle 核燃料组件fuel bundle counter 燃料棒束计数器fuel burn out 烧毁fuel burnup 燃料燃耗fuel cell 燃料电池fuel channel 燃料通道fuel charge 装料fuel cladding temperature meter 燃料包壳温度计fuel cluster 核燃料组件fuel coating 燃料涂层fuel compact 燃料密实体fuel configuration 燃料排列fuel consumption 燃料消耗量fuel control 燃料控制fuel coolant interaction 燃料冷却剂相互酌fuel cooling installation 燃料冷却装置fuel core 燃料元件芯体fuel cost 燃料成本fuel cycle cost 核燃料循环成本fuel cycle facility 核燃料循环设施fuel cycle flow diagram 燃料循环撂图fuel damage 燃料损伤fuel densification 燃料密集fuel depletion 燃料贫化fuel doubling time 燃料倍增时间fuel economy 燃料经济fuel element can 燃料元件包壳fuel element converter 燃料元件转换器fuel element failure instrumentation 燃料元件探伤仪组fuel element hanger rod 燃料元件悬挂棒fuel element rupture detection 燃料元件破损探测fuel element rupture detector 燃料元件破损探测器fuel element storage well 燃料贮存井fuel enrichment 燃料增浓fuel enthalpy 燃料热焓fuel exchange 换装燃料fuel fabrication 燃料制备fuel fabrication facility 燃料元件制造设备fuel fabrication plant 燃料制备厂fuel failure 燃料破坏fuel fission 燃料分裂fuel handling 燃料装卸fuel handling machine 换料机fuel handling system 燃料装卸系统fuel inventory 燃料装载量fuel irradiation level 比燃耗fuel kernel 燃料元件芯体fuel lifetime 燃料寿命fuel loading 装料fuel make up 燃料补充fuel management 燃料管理fuel pellet 燃料芯块fuel pellet injection 燃料芯块注入fuel pencil 燃料元件细棒fuel pin 燃料元件细棒fuel plate 燃料板fuel pool cooling and filtering system燃料池冷却和过滤系统fuel process cell 燃料处理热室fuel processing installation 燃料处理设备fuel processing waste 燃料加工废物fuel rating 燃料比功率fuel recording system 燃料记录系统fuel recovery process 燃料回收过程fuel recycle facility 燃料再循环装置fuel refabrication 燃料再制备fuel refreshment 燃料补充fuel relocation effect 燃料再配置效应fuel reprocessing 燃料后处理fuel reprocessing cell 燃料后处理室fuel reprocessing project proposed by enea 欧洲原子能机构提议的燃料后处理计划fuel rod 燃料棒fuel rod analysis program 燃料棒分析程序fuel rod analysis program steady state 燃料棒分析程序稳态fuel rod analysis program transient 燃料棒分析程序瞬变过程fuel rod coating 燃料棒涂层fuel rod lattice 燃料棒栅格fuel rod leak detection 燃料棒漏处检测fuel rod shoot out accident 燃料棒弹出事故fuel rod vibration 燃料棒振动fuel section 燃料区fuel sheath failure 燃料包壳破损fuel slab 燃料板fuel slug 燃料短棒fuel sodium interaction 燃料钠相互酌fuel solution 燃料溶液fuel stick 燃料棒fuel storage bay 燃料储存库fuel storage capacity 燃料储存容量fuel storage cell 燃料储存室fuel subassembly 燃料分组件fuel to moderator ratio 燃料慢化剂比fuel transfer pond 燃料转运池fuel transfer port 燃料转送口fuel tube 燃料管fuel unloading machine 卸料机fuel uranium 燃料铀fuelling 装料fuelling machine tv monitor 换料机电视监视器fuels technology center 燃料工艺学中心full core reserve 一炉料备用full neutron flux 满中子通量full scale fusion power plant 实际规模的聚变发电站full scope safeguards agreement 全面核监督协定full size 实物尺度full width at half maximum 半高全宽full width at one tenth of maximum 十分之一最大峰值处的全宽度fully contained explosion 全封闭式爆炸fully enriched uranium 高浓缩铀fully ionized plasma 完全电离等离子体fully protective tube housing 完全保护管外壳fully reflected reactor 全反射层反应堆fume chamber 通风柜fume cupboard 通风柜fume hood 通风柜function 函数function test of liver by radioisotopes 依放射性同位素肝机能检查fundamental 基波fundamental field particle 场量子fundamental frequency 基频fundamental harmonic 基波fundamental oscillation 基本振荡fundamental unit 基本单位fundamental vibration 基本振荡fundamental wave 基波funnel 漏斗furnace 炉furnace gas 炉气fuse 保险丝fused salt electrolysis 熔盐电解fused salt extraction 熔盐萃取fused salt reactor 熔盐反应堆fusible alloy 易熔合金fusing point 熔点fusion 核聚变fusion bomb 热核弹fusion breeder reactor 聚变增殖反应堆fusion core 聚变反应堆芯fusion device at lawrence radiation laboratory 劳伦斯辐射研究所的核聚变装置fusion energy 聚变能量fusion energy conversion 聚变能转换fusion energy research facility 聚变能研究装置fusion energy resource 聚变能源fusion engineering research facility 聚变工程研究设施fusion fission hybrid reactor 聚变裂变混合反应堆fusion fission reaction 聚变裂变反应fusion fuel 聚变燃料fusion fuel consumption 聚变燃料消耗量fusion fuel facility 聚变燃料设施fusion heat 聚变热fusion hybrid breeder reactor 聚变混合增殖反应堆fusion nuclear power plant 热核电站fusion nucleus 聚变核fusion of hydrogen 氢聚变fusion physics 聚变物理学fusion plasma 聚变等离子体fusion plasma analysis 聚变等离子体分析fusion point 聚变温度fusion power 聚变能量fusion power reactor 聚变动力反应堆fusion process 聚变过程fusion product 聚变产物fusion reaction 热核反应fusion reactor 热核反应堆fusion reactor system 聚变反应堆系统fusion technology 聚变技术fusion temperature 聚变温度fusion test reactor 聚变试验反应堆fusion weapon 聚变武器fusion yield 核聚变产额future source of energy 未来能源g factor 朗德因子g factor of atom or electron 原子或电子的g因子g factor of nucleus 核的g因子g m counter 盖革弥勒计数管g value g 值g yield g 值gadolinite 硅铍钇矿gadolinium 钆gadolinium poison 钆毒物gage 检验测定仪器gain 放大系数gain control 放大第gain factor 转换系数gallery 巷道galling 摩擦磨蚀gallium 镓galvanometer 检疗galvanoscope 验电流gamma 光量子gamma absorber 射线吸收体gamma absorptiometry 射线吸收测定法gamma absorption 射线吸收gamma absorption analysis 射线吸收分析gamma active 放射性的gamma activity 放射性gamma and flux reactor physics computer code 反应堆物理和中子通量计算机代码gamma background 射线本底gamma backscatter gage 射线反散射测量计gamma backscatter thickness meter 射线反散射厚度计gamma burst 射线爆丛gamma camera 照相机gamma cascade 级联射线gamma coincident beta spectrum 与符合的谱gamma compensated ion chamber 补偿电离室gamma compensation 补偿gamma constant 特珍线常数gamma contamination indicator 射线沾染指示器gamma counter 射线计数管gamma cross section 量子相互酌截面gamma decay 衰变gamma defectoscope 探伤仪gamma defectoscopy 探伤法gamma disintegration 衰变gamma dose detector system 剂量探测系统gamma dosimetry 射线剂量测定法gamma electric cell 电池gamma emitter 辐射体gamma excited x ray fluorimeter 射线激发x光荧光仪gamma field 射线圃gamma fission 裂变gamma flux 通量gamma flux density 通量密度gamma flux density indicator 通量密度指示器gamma flux density meter 通量密度计gamma flux density monitor 通量密度监测器gamma gamma coincidence pulse counting assembly 符合脉冲计数装置gamma gamma logging 测井gamma heating 射线加热gamma induced ionization 射线诱发电离gamma induced reaction 射线诱发核反应gamma intensity 射线强度gamma irradiation 辐照gamma isomer 同质异能素gamma leakage peak 射线泄漏谱峰gamma leakage spectrum 射线泄漏谱gamma meter 射线强度计gamma neutron logging 中子测井gamma phase 相gamma plutonium 相钚gamma pulse counting assembly 脉冲计数装置gamma quantum 光量子gamma radiation 射线gamma radiator 辐射体gamma radiography 照相术gamma ray 光量子gamma ray and neutron detector 射线和中子探测器gamma ray astronomy 射线天文学gamma ray capsule 射线源盒gamma ray culture 辐射场gamma ray defectoscope 射线探伤仪gamma ray density meter 射线密度计gamma ray detector 射线探测器gamma ray dosimeter 射线剂量计gamma ray emission 射线发射gamma ray level meter 射线液位计gamma ray logging 射线测井gamma ray material testing 探伤法gamma ray materiology 探伤法gamma ray meter 射线强度计gamma ray photon 光量子gamma ray scintillation spectrometer 射线闪烁能谱仪gamma ray shield 射线屏蔽层gamma ray source 射线源gamma ray source container 射线源容器gamma ray source strength 射线源强度gamma ray sterilization 射线灭菌gamma ray teletherapy 射线远距治疗gamma ray therapy 射线治疗gamma ray thickness gage 射线厚度计gamma scanning 扫描gamma space 相空间gamma spectrometer 射线能谱仪gamma spectrometry 能谱测量gamma spectroscopy 谱学gamma spectrum 能谱gamma transition probability 跃迁几率gamma uranium 相铀gammagraphy 射线照相法gamow factor 穿透几率gamow teller selection rules 伽莫夫泰勒选择定则gamow teller transition 伽莫夫泰勒跃迁gangue 脉石gap 间隙gas 气体gas activity meter 气体放射性测量计gas amplification 气体放大gas amplification factor 气体放大系数gas analysis 气体分析gas analyzer 气体分析器gas bearings 气膜轴承gas betatron 气体电子感应加速器gas blanket 气层gas blower 瓦斯送风机gas centrifugation 气体离心gas centrifuge 气体离心机gas centrifuge enrichment plant 气体离心浓缩厂gas centrifuge method 气体离心法gas centrifuge plant 气体离心分离厂gas chromatographic analysis 气相色谱分析gas chromatographic detector 气相色谱探测器gas chromatography 气相色谱法gas circulation 气体循环gas circulator 循环风机gas clean up 气体净化gas constant 气体常数gas coolant 气体冷却剂gas cooled breeder reactor 气冷增殖堆gas cooled fast breeder reactor 气冷快中子增殖反应堆gas cooled fast reactor 气冷快堆gas cooled graphite moderated reactor 气冷石墨慢化堆gas cooled reactor 气冷反应堆gas cooled reactor experiment 实验气冷反应堆gas cooler 气体冷却器gas cooling 气体冷却gas core 气体堆芯gas counter 气体计数管gas cycle reactor 气体循环反应堆gas diffusion process 气体扩散法gas discharge 气体放电gas filled 充气的gas filled counter 充气计数管gas filled radiation detector 充气式辐射探测器gas filled rectifier tube 充气整淋gas fission product 气态裂变产物gas fission product monitor 气体裂变产物监测器gas flow counter 柳型计数管gas flow ionization chamber 柳型电离室gas flow neutron density measuring assembly 柳型中子密度测量装置gas generator 气体发生器煤气发生炉gas graphite reactor 气冷石墨慢化堆gas ion 气体离子gas laser 气体激光器gas liquid chromatography 气液色谱法gas magnification 气体放大gas manometer 气体压力计gas mass spectrometry 气体质谱测定法gas metal arc welding 气体金属电弧焊gas meter 气量计gas monitor 气体监测器gas multiplication 气体放大gas permeability 气体渗透率gas phase radioassay 气相放射性分析gas producer 气体发生器煤气发生炉gas proportional counter 气体正比计数器gas proportional scintillation counter 气体正比闪烁计数器gas pump 气泵gas purge system 气体净化系统gas recombiner 气体复合器gas sampler 气体取样器gas scintillation counter 气体闪烁计数管gas scrubbing 涤气过程gas separator 气体分离器gas solid chromatography 气固色谱法gas sparging 气体鼓泡搅拌gas target 气体靶gas tight 不漏气的gas tight casing 气密外壳gas washer 气体洗涤器gas waste 气体废物gaseous barrier diffusion 气体多孔膜扩散gaseous decay product 气体衰变产物gaseous diffusion 气体扩散gaseous diffusion method 气体扩散法gaseous diffusion plant 气体扩散工厂gaseous effluent 废气gaseous ion 气体离子gaseous phase radiochromatograph 气相辐射色谱仪gaseous pollutant 气态污染物gaseous product 气体产物gaseous waste 气体废物gaseous waste disposal 气体废物处理gasification 气化。
整理液晶专业术语
液晶专业术语Backlight:背光。
CCFL(CCFT) (Cold Cathode Fluorescent 廿9^/7此6):冷阴极荧光灯。
Composite vide 复合视频。
Component vide 分量视频。
COB(Chip On Board):IC裸片通过邦定固定于印刷线路板上。
COF(Chip On Film):将IC封装于柔性线路板上。
COG(Chip On Glass):W IC 封装于玻璃上。
CRT(Cathode Radial Tube):阴极射线管。
DPI(Dot Per Inch):点每英寸。
Duty:占空比，高出点亮的阀值电压的部分在一个周期中所占的比率。
DVI(Digital Visual Interface):( VGA)数字接口。
ECB(Electrically Controlled Birefringence):电控双折射。
EL(Electro luminescence):电致发光。
EL层由高分子量薄片构成FSTN(Formulated STN):薄膜补偿型STN,用于黑白显示。
HTN(High Twisted Nematic):高扭曲向列的显示类型。
IC(Integrate Circuit):集成电路。
Inverter:逆变器。
ITO(Indium-Tin Oxide):氧化锢锡。
LCD(Liquid Crystal Display):液晶显示器。
LCM(Liquid Crystal Module):液晶模块。
LED(Light Emitting Diode):发光二极管。
LVDS(Low Voltage Differential Signaling):低压差分信号。
NTSC(National Television Systems Committee):NTSC 制式，全国电视系统委员会制式OSD(On Screen Display):在屏上显示。
PAL(Phase Alternating Line)PAL 制式(逐行倒相制式)。
3d美术英语词汇
3d美术英语词汇The realm of 3D art encompasses a vast and intricate vocabulary, each term serving as a building block in the creation of captivating digital worlds. As the field of 3D art continues to evolve, mastering this lexicon becomes paramount for both aspiring and seasoned artists alike. In this essay, we will delve into the key terminologies that shape the language of 3D art, exploring their significance and applications within the creative process.At the foundation of 3D art lies the concept of modeling, the process of creating three-dimensional digital representations of objects, characters, or environments. The primary building blocks of modeling are vertices, points in 3D space that define the shape of a mesh. These vertices are connected by edges, forming the wireframe structure that outlines the form. Faces, the polygonal surfaces between these edges, give the model its solid appearance and texture.The manipulation of these vertices, edges, and faces is the domain of mesh editing, where artists sculpt and refine the digital form.Techniques such as extrusion, which extends faces to create new volume, and subdivision, which increases the resolution of a mesh, allow for the intricate shaping of complex shapes. Smoothing operations, like subdivision surface modeling, create organic, flowing forms, while Boolean operations, such as union and difference, enable the combination and subtraction of shapes.Closely tied to the modeling process is the concept of UV mapping, the process of unwrapping a 3D model's surface onto a flat, two-dimensional texture. This mapping allows artists to apply detailed textures and patterns to the model, bringing it to life with color, depth, and visual interest. The UV coordinates, which correspond to specific points on the 3D mesh, serve as a roadmap for the texture artists to follow.Once the model is created and textured, the next step is to imbue it with movement and animation. This is where the principles of rigging and skinning come into play. Rigging involves the creation of a skeletal system within the 3D model, consisting of joints and bones that mimic the underlying structure of the subject. Skinning, on the other hand, is the process of binding the mesh to the rig, allowing the model to deform and move naturally as the rig is animated.The art of animation itself encompasses a wide range of techniques and terminologies. Key frames, the specific points in time where theanimator defines the position and movement of the model, form the foundation of animation. In-betweening, the process of generating the intermediate frames between key frames, creates the illusion of smooth, continuous motion. Pose-to-pose animation, where the artist focuses on defining key poses and allowing the software to generate the in-betweens, contrasts with straight-ahead animation, where the movement is created frame by frame.Lighting, a crucial aspect of 3D art, also has its own specialized vocabulary. Ambient light, the overall illumination of a scene, sets the mood and atmosphere, while directional lights, such as the sun, cast shadows and create depth. Spot lights and point lights, with their focused beams and radial falloff, allow artists to highlight specific areas and create dramatic lighting effects. The concept of light mapping, the baking of lighting information into a texture, enables efficient and realistic lighting in real-time 3D applications.Closely related to lighting is the realm of materials and shaders, which define the surface properties of 3D objects. Diffuse, the base color of a material, interacts with light to create the object's primary appearance. Specular highlights, the bright reflections on shiny surfaces, add depth and realism. Roughness and glossiness determine the smoothness or grittiness of a material, while normal maps and displacement maps add intricate surface details.The final stage of the 3D art process is rendering, the act of generating the final image or animation from the 3D scene. Rendering engines, such as Unreal Engine and Unity, utilize various algorithms and techniques to translate the digital scene into a visually stunning output. Terms like ray tracing, which simulates the behavior of light, and global illumination, which accounts for the indirect lighting in a scene, are essential to understanding the rendering process.Beyond the technical aspects of 3D art, the industry also has its own set of specialized roles and workflows. Concept artists, who create the initial visual ideas and designs, work in tandem with 3D modelers, who bring those concepts to life. Texture artists, responsible for creating the detailed surface patterns, collaborate with lighting artists, who fine-tune the illumination of the scene. Riggers and animators work together to bring characters and objects to life, while technical artists bridge the gap between the creative and the technical, ensuring the seamless integration of all the elements.In conclusion, the vocabulary of 3D art is a rich and multifaceted language, encompassing a wide range of terms and concepts that are essential to the creation of captivating digital worlds. From the fundamental building blocks of modeling to the advanced techniques of lighting and rendering, each term serves as a tool in the artist's arsenal, enabling them to bring their visions to life withprecision and artistry. As the field of 3D art continues to evolve, mastering this lexicon becomes increasingly important, allowing artists to communicate effectively, collaborate seamlessly, and push the boundaries of what is possible in the digital realm.。
利用深蓝算法从HJ_1数据反演陆地气溶胶_王中挺
than 0.5, the accuracy of deep blue algorithm can satisfy the aerosol monitoring using HJ-1 data, and aerosol model can
greatly influence the results.
Key words: aerosol, HJ-1, deep blue, AERONET/PHOTONS
data by dark dense vegetation (DDV) or contrast reduction algorithm. In this paper, based on the algorithm which was developed
by Hsu, et al.(2004), the deep blue algorithm is applied to CCD/HJ-1. First, the database of land surface reflectance is built from
Environment Satellite 1 (HJ-1), the new satellite developed by China, is used for environment and disaster monitoring. In the first step, there are two optical satellites (HJ-1A, HJ-1B) and one Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite (HJ-1C). In September 2008, HJ-1A and HJ-1B were launched. There are two CCD cameras in each optical satellite with spatial resolution of 30 m. Each CCD camera includes four bands (430—520 nm, 520—600 nm, 630—690 nm and 760—900 nm). The swath of every CCD camera is 360 km. Combining HJ-1A and HJ-1B, repetition cycle of HJ-1 is 2d. DDV method can be applied to HJ-1 for dense vegetation areas (Wang, et al., 2009; Sun, et al., 2006; Sun et al., 2010). But, DDV method cannot work over bright-reflecting surface with
Meiji Techno 光学显微镜说明书
(b) Filter slotsBEAM-SPLITTER LEVERDIOPTER ADJUSTMENT RING YZER CONTROL LEVER OBJECTIVE NOSEPIECE WITH CLEAR GLASS PLA TE AGE CONDENSERWITH IRIS DIAPHRAGM AND TORON/OFF AND INTENSITY TOR CONDENSER MICROSCOPE BASE WITH -IN TRANSFORMER (a) Field Iris Control Lever, INCLINED 30LIGHT SOURCE HOUSING FOR REFLECTED LIGHTILLUMINA TOR (c) Aperture Iris Control LeverMICROSCOPE LIMB FOCUS TENSION COARSE FOCUSCONTROLFINE FOCUS CONTROLTRANSFORMER BOXILLUMINATION SERECTORfitting of the illuminator into the recess on the top of the limb and push the cone fitting toward and gently until the illuminator slips into the position and fasten it with the .Now, the binocular or trinocular body can be mounted on the vertical illuminator. . Place the microscope and parts on a sturdy table or desk which gives firm and stable support. This should be located in the atmosphere as clean as possible, avoiding the places where there is excessive dust, moisture, heat or fumes.When in place insert eyepieces in the eyetubes of the binocular body and mount the objectives on the objective nosepiece, starting with the lowest magnification, then positioning the others to the right of the next lowest magnification objective.IMPORTANT!Before plugging the illuminator into any electric outlet, make sure that transformers and illumination bases supplied to you are suitable to the current available. (See voltage indication given at the back Vertical Illuminator Clamp screw(a)(b)Illuminator plugClamp screwSpring stopperout to the full so the Analyzer gets out of the light path.[5] Focus down on your specimen slide until surface detail can be seen. Adjust the brightness of the built-in light source, using the intensity control knob, left-hand back on the base.ReceptaclePolarizerEmpty hole for BrightfieldDarkfield stopperAnalyzerof the slider. Always remember to set to this distance when using the microscope. It will be different for different observers,o get best focus with both eyes the eyetube heights should be adjusted to take into account the interpupillary distance mentioned [5] and [6] above. First, set the tube Length Adjustment Ring to the reading which corresponds to the dimension shown in the binocular slider window. Do this for the left hand eyepiece only. Now focus to get the sharpest possible image in the left hand eyepiece, using the clockwise or counterclockwise slightly..[13] Close down the filed iris (using theField of viewFusedWindow Length Adjustment Ring Clamp screw Backing plateLamp centering controlWhen you observe flat surface of glass or mirror, you will see nothing in the dark. But, when you observe a specimen which includes refractive substance to scatter light, the clear image of the [3] Focus down on the specimen just in the same way as for the Brightfield observation. (The image is observed in a different way from that of the Brightfield observation. That is, we can see an image formed from light scattered by features in the object, the detail thus appearing bright against a dark [4] Brightness of illumination can be adjusted by Intensity Control knob, just in the same way as for the (a) (b)PolarizerEmpty hole for BrightfieldDarkfield stopperIllumination SelectorPolarizerEmpty hole for BrightfieldDarkfield stopperand rotates between 0and 90by the lever . When “in” and at 45position, and with thePolarizing filter in position, these elements are said to be “crossed” and the field of view is said to be“extinguished”. In this condition the .until the field of view comes to cover the whole image of the specimen. Reduce the Aperture slowly Analyzer slide Analyzer rotating Condenser Focusing ControlCondenser centering Aperture Iris & Controlension may be increased by turning the knob with a counterclockwise motion.C and adjusted on straight tube of your trinocular body.clockwise to the slot.Then pull out the Backing Plate [2] After making certain the old bulb is cool to the touch, remove it by pulling straight out of its socket.Do not twist as the lamp pins may break off and become lodged in the socket.[3] Handle the new bulb only with tissue paper or the plastic in which it is wrapped and insert the two Clamp screw Backing plate Lamp centering control。
斯伦贝谢微电阻率microscope_hd_br
bedding and fault dip picking and analysis ■■ Sedimentology—textural analysis for porosity
MicroScope HD
X,X75
High-definition imaging-
while-drilling service
X,X77.5
mages from MicroScope HD service were used for sedimentology analysis, providing heterogeneity distribution, porosity distribution histogram, total porosity distribution, and heterogeneity type porosity.
Wireline Dynamic Image
Wireline Image Top of Hole
Resistive
Conductive
Image Orientation, Degrees
0
120
240
360
Refined resistivity imaging for geological reservoir description This fine resolution enables operators using MicroScope HD service to quantify fine features of the downhole environment for geological interpretation of siliciclastics, carbonates, and unconventional shale oil and gas reservoirs. The high-definition resistivity imaging supports fracture and dip analysis for structural evaluation of reservoir sections and sedimentology evaluation, including image-based porosity determination and thin-bed analysis.
VibroOne 激光速度测量仪器产品介绍说明书
The Polytec VibroOne laser Doppler vibrometeris the one-box solution for non-contact vibrationmeasurement. With VibroOne you analyze acoustics,dynamics and vibration issues in both R&D andindustrial quality control with laser precision. TheVibroOne comprises an all-in-one front-end withintegrated laser and a fiber-coupled, compact sensorhead. Integrated with the VibroLink digital interface andthe VibSoft data acquisition and analysis software, thisvibration measurement system is ready to point, shootand measure in an instant. VibroOne One-box solution for laser vibration sensing Preliminary datasheetVibroOne is specifically designed for tightly packed setups, whether in research laboratories, challenging production environments or for non-contact analysis of tiny details on microstructures or biomedical probes. The optional inline HD+ camera helps positioning the laser precisely and provides proper test documentation. An optical filter adjusts for a perfect contrast. Optional microscope lenses focus to a 1.5 μm laser spot, allowing the inspection of fine details.Highlights■Non-contact measurement ofvibration with laser precision■Compact design for simplehandling in labs and production■Easy setup and documentationwith integrated HD+ camera■From DC to 3 MHz with highesttime resolution■Synchronous output of displace-ment, velocity and acceleration■VibroLink digital interface forconvenient setup, data transferand best SNRTechnical data 1 Depending on configuration21 Height of front-end housing with sensor tray and cord wrap: 166 mm (6.54 in)2 For weight of 3 m fiber cable add 300 g (0.66 lbs), for 5 m fiber cable add ca. 600 g (1.3 lbs)31 Measured from the front edge of the front lens1 Measured from the front edge of the front lens (respectively from the front of the microscope objective).2 with VIB-A-20xLENS microscope objective3 with VIB-A-10xLENS microscope objectiveConfigurable optionsThe VibroOne Laser Vibrometer offers a lot of flexibility: thanks to its various options for frequency bandwidth,output signals for measurands (velocity, displacement and acceleration), signal enhancement capabilities andaccessories, which can be combined freely with each other, it fits perfectly to your application.Frequency bandwidthChoose between different maximum frequency bandwidths from 100 kHz to 3 MHz covering the acoustic andthe ultrasonic range.S = Standard / O = OptionVelocity outputVibroOne allows measuring vibrational velocities up to ± 12 m/s (see also page 9). For extending the velocityresolution, the option VIO-VelResS offers additional measurement ranges down to ± 1 mm/s (peak).S = Standard / O = OptionS = Standard / O = Option4Displacement outputIn addition to the velocity output, the displacement output option VIO-DispOut can be added, providing amaximum displacement of ± 200 mm (peak). For resolving smallest movements, super fine measurement rangescan be chosen (see also page 10).S = Standard / O = OptionS = Standard / O = OptionAcceleration outputAdding the acceleration output option VIO-AccOut enables measuring accelerations up to 100x106 m/s2at frequencies up to 3 MHz (see also page 12). Recommended for measuring frequencies up to 100 kHz.Signal enhancementFor reliable measurement results with best signal-to-noise ratio even under difficult conditions, the included trackingfilter with three ranges is available.S = Standard56Options and accessoriesSensor head options S = Standard / O = Option8VibSoft data acquisition and analysis software VibSoft is a comprehensive and easy-to-use software package for digital vibration data acquisition and analysis. VibSoft closes the gap between raw signal acquisition and profound analysis of vibration measurement data. The VibroLink interface allows direct and fully digital data acquisition of the velocity signal via Ethernet for the full frequency bandwidth. Alternatively, the multi-channel DAQ units permit connecting additional analog inputs like other sensors, processing data up to 40 MHz. Further options like the powerful SignalProcessor (a Polytec math library for post-processing) and a scripting engine for individual post-processing and control make VibSoft an extremely powerful tool.Polytec offers a wide range of accessories for setting up and performing measurements. Please contact your local vibrometer sales engineer or visit our website /vibroone for more detailed information.Options and accessoriesS = Standard / O = OptionVelocity performance specificationsS = Standard / O = OptionMaximum linearity error: 0.5% for all measurement ranges.1 Frequency range from 0 Hz to the given value. Maximum frequency bandwidth depending on system configuration.2 The noise-limited resolution is defined as the signal amplitude (rms) at which the signal-to-noise ratio is 0 dB and with 1 Hz spectral resolution.3 Requires option VIO-VelResS4 Standard: included with configuration VIO-VEL-12m/s and VIO-VelResH.The signal delay is independent of the selected measurement range and the switched on filters.It is identical for velocity, displacement and acceleration.9Displacement performance specifications 11 Displacement output requires option VIO-DispOut2 Frequency range from 0 Hz to the given value. Maximum frequency bandwidth depending on system configuration.3T he resolution corresponds to the quantization step at the analog output. Noise limited resolution: < 30 fm/SQRT(Hz) in the smallest measurement range.The noise-limited resolution is defined as the signal amplitude (rms) at which the signal-to-noise ratio is 0 dB with an 1 Hz spectral resolution.10Dimensions7263183659free space min. 1505459SensorAll dimensions in mm if not marked otherwiseVIO-I-130-STAVIO-I-130-CAMA = total height VIO-I-130-CAM B= total height VIO-I-130-STAAB216141Ø 366764"X"8067303042.542.5Ø 4 F84 F 8"X"11。
CT术语中英文对照
CT术语及常见病名的中英文对照- -Tag：CT术语CT术语及常见病名的中英文对照A----------abscess of kidney 肾脓肿acoustic 听神经瘤acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎analog 模拟analog/digital converter 模拟/数字转化器angiography of spinal cord 脊髓血管造影angioma 血管瘤angiomyolipoma 血管平滑肌脂肪瘤anterior cerebral artery,ACA 大脑前动脉anterior communicating artery,AcoA 前交通动脉arachnoidcyst 蛛网膜囊肿arterior-venous malformation,AVM 动静脉畸形artifact 伪影astrocytoma 星形细胞瘤atelectasis 肺不张attenuation 衰减attenuation coefficient 衰减系数axial scan 轴位扫描B----------B basilar artery,BA 基底动脉Beam hardening artifact 射线硬化伪影biopsy gun 活检枪biopsy needle 活检针biphasic contrast enhancement 双期增强扫描bone mineral density,BMD 骨密度brain abscess 脑脓肿brain hemorrhage 脑出血brain trauma 脑外伤bronchiectsis 支气管扩张bronchogenic carcinoma 支气管肺癌C----------calcification of the pleura 胸膜钙化calculus of kidney 肾结石carcinoma of bladder 膀胱癌carcinoma of the cervix 宫颈癌carcinoma of kidney 肾癌carcinoma of prostate 前列腺癌carcinoma of ovary 卵巢癌cavity 空洞central bronchogenic carcinoma 中央型肺癌cerebral atrophy 脑萎缩cerebral contusion 脑搓伤cerebral infarction 脑梗塞cerebral ischemia 脑缺血cerebral cycticercosis 脑囊虫病cholesteatoma 胆脂瘤cholangiocarcinoma 胆管癌cholecystitis 胆囊炎chronic pancreatitis 慢性胰腺炎circle of willis 脑底动脉环cirrhosis 肝硬化collimator 准直器console 控制台contrast medium 对比剂contrast enhancement 对比增强contrast media bolus 造影剂团注contusion of kidney 肾挫伤contusion of spinal cord 脊髓挫伤coronal scan 冠状面扫描craniopharyngioma 颅咽管瘤CT angiography，CTA CT血管造影术CT arterial portography,CTAP CT动脉性门脉造影CT fluoroscopy CT透视CT guided needle biopsy CT导向穿刺活检CT guided fine needle aspiration biopsy CT导向细针抽吸活组织检查CT guided stereotaxis CT导向立体定位CT intervention CT介入CT muelography,CTM CT脊髓造影CT value CT值Cyst of Kinney 肾囊肿D----------delayed scan 延迟扫描density resolution 密度分辨率digital martrix 数字矩阵dynamic scanning 动态扫描E----------enhancement scan 增强扫描ependymoma 室管膜瘤epidural hematoma 硬膜外血肿F----------fatty liver 脂肪肝field of view,FOV 视野FWHM 有效层厚G----------gallbladder carcinoma 胆囊癌gallstone 胆石症golima 胶质瘤Graves’ disease 格氏眼病H----------hepatic cyst 肝囊肿hepatocellular 肝细胞癌high KV radiography 高千伏摄影high resolution CT,HRCT 高分辨率CThigh spatial-freqyency algorithm 高空间频率计算法重建hypaque 泛影钠I----------image post-processing 图象后处理image reconstruction 图象重建informatics in radiology,infoRAD 信息放射学interventional radiology 介入放射学iodipamide/biligrafin/cholografin 胆影葡胺iohexol 碘苯六醇（欧乃派克）iopromide 碘普罗胺isovist 伊索显L----------laser printer 激光打印机M----------matrix 矩阵maximum intensity projection,MIP 最大强度投影medulloblastoma 髓母细胞瘤meningioma 黑色素瘤motion artifact 运动伪影multiformat camera 多幅相机multiplanar reformation,MPR 多平面重建multiple sclerosis 多发性肝硬化N----------neurofibroma 神经纤维瘤noise 噪声O----------orbitomeatal line 听眶线overlap scan 重叠扫描P----------partial volume effect 部分容积效应peripheral space phenomenon 周围间隙现象picture achieve and communication system,PACS 图象存储和传输系统pitch 螺距pixel 像素plain scan 平扫pleural effusion 胸腔积液posterior cerebral artery,PCA 大脑后动脉preventive maintenace 日常维护程序protrusion of intervertebral disk 椎间盘突出Q----------quantitative computed tomography,QCT 定量CTR----------region of interest 兴趣区retinoblastoma 视网膜母细胞瘤S----------scout view 定位扫描slice increment 间距slice thickness 层厚spatial resolution 空间分辨率spinal srenosis 椎管狭窄spiral CT/helical CT 螺旋CTsubdural hematoma 硬膜下血肿T----------teleradiology 远程放射学temporal resolution 时间分辨率thin slice scan 薄层扫描three dimension computed tomography,3 DCT 三维CTthree-dimensional surface reconstrction,SSD 三维表面重建threshold 阈值tomography 体层摄影tuberculosis 肺结核U----------ultrafast CT,UFCT 超高速CTultravist 优维显urografin 泛影葡胺V----------vertebral artery,VA 椎动脉virtual endoscopy,VE 仿真内镜volume acquisition 容积采集volume scan 容积扫描voxel matrix 像素矩阵W----------window level 窗位window width 窗宽work station 工作站X----------Xeroradiography 干板照相X-ray tube X线球管Xenon,Xe 氙气关于CT方面的中英文对照：anterior pararenal space 肾旁前间隙aortopulmonary window level 主肺动脉窗层面bone window 骨窗CT angiography, CTA CT血管造影density resolution 密度分辨力distal of the aortic arch level 主动脉弓上层面dural sac 硬膜囊dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging 动脉增强扫描electron beam CT, EBCT 电子束CTfluid-fluid level 液-液平面four-chamber level “四腔心”层面higt resolution CT, HRCT 高分辨力CTHounsfield Unit HUintra/extra-capsular ligaments 囊内外韧带lateroconal fascia 侧锥筋膜left atrial level 左心房层面pericardial defect 心包缺损pericardial neoplasm 心包新生物pericardial effusions 心包渗出pericardial thickening and calaification 心包增厚和钙化pericardium 心包perirenal space 肾周间隙posterior pararenal space 肾旁后间隙pulmonary artery level 主肺动脉层面soft-tissue window 软组织窗spatial resolution 空间分辨力spiral CT 螺旋CTaortic arch level 主动脉弓层面ventricle level 心室层面头部急诊平扫Emergent Head Scan头部急诊增强Emergent Head Enhanced Scan头部平扫Head Routine Scan头部增强Head Enhanced Scan眼部平扫Orbits Routine Scan眼部增强Orbits Enhanced Scan内耳平扫Inner Ear Routine Scan内耳增强Inner Ear Enhanced Scan乳突平扫Mastoid Routine Scan乳突增强Mastoid Enhanced Scan蝶鞍平扫Sella Routine Scan蝶鞍增强Sella Enhanced Scan鼻窦轴位平扫Sinus Axial Routine Scan鼻窦轴位增强Sinus Axial Enhanced Scan鼻窦冠位平扫Sinus Coronal Scan鼻窦冠位增强Sinus Coronal Enhanced Scan鼻咽平扫Nasopharynx Routine Scan鼻咽增强Nasopharynx Enhanced Scan腮腺平扫Parotid Routine Scan腮腺增强Parotid Enhanced Scan喉平扫Larynx Routine Scan喉增强Larynx Enhanced Scan甲状腺平扫Hypothyroid Routine Scan甲状腺增强Hypothyroid Enhanced Scan颈部平扫Neck Routine Scan颈部增强Neck Enhanced Scan肺栓塞扫描Lung Embolism Scan胸腺平扫Thymus Routine Scan胸腺增强Thymus Enhanced Scan胸骨平扫Sternum Routine Scan胸骨增强Sternum Enhanced Scan胸部平扫Chest Routine Scan胸部薄层扫描High Resolution Chest Scan胸部增强Chest Enhanced Scan胸部穿刺Chest Puncture Scan轴扫胸部穿刺Axial Chest Punture Scan上腹部平扫Upper-Abdomen Routine Scan中腹部平扫Mid-Abdomen Routine Scan上腹部增强Upper-Abdomen Routine Enhanced Scan 中腹部增强Mid-Abdomen Routine Scan腹部穿刺Abdomen Puncture Scan轴扫腹部穿刺Axial Abdomen Puncture Scan颈椎平扫C-spine Routine Scan胸椎平扫T-spine Routine Scan腰椎平扫L-spine Routine Scan盆腔平扫Pelvis Routine Scan盆腔增强Pelvis Enhanced Scan骶髂关节平扫SI Joint Scan肩关节平扫Shoulder Joint Scan上肢软组织平扫Upper Extremities Soft Tissue Scan上肢软组织增强Upper Extremities Soft Tissue Enhanced 肘关节平扫Elbow Joint Routine Scan腕关节平扫Wrist Joint Routine Scan手部平扫Hand Routine Scan髋关节平扫Hip Joint Routine Scan膝关节平扫Knee Joint Routine Scan踝关节平扫Ankle Joint Routine Scan下肢软组织平扫Lower Extremities Soft Tissue Scan下肢软组织增强Lower Extremities Soft Tissue Enhanced 足部平扫Foot Routine Scan血管造影和三维成像头部血管造影Head CT Angiography颈部血管造影Neck CT Angiography心脏冠脉造影Coronal Artery Angiography心脏冠脉钙化积分Cardiac Calcium Scoring Scan胸部血管造影Chest CT Angiography腹部血管造影Abdomen CT Angiography上肢血管造影Upper Extremities CT Angiography下肢血管造影Lower Extremities CT Angiography五官三维成像3D Facial Scan胃三维3D Stomach CT Scan结肠三维3D Colon CT Scan颈椎三维3D C-Spine胸椎三维3D T-Spine腰椎三维3D L-Spine肩关节三维3D Shoulder Joint肘关节三维3D Elbow Joint腕关节三维3D Wrist Joint髋关节三维3D Hip Joint膝关节三维3D Knee Joint踝关节三维3D Ankle Joint检查名称英文对照头部平扫Head Routine Scan头部常规增强Head Routine Enhanced Scan 头部动态增强Head Dynamic Enhanced Scan 垂体平扫Sella Routine Scan垂体增强Sella Enhanced Scan鼻咽部平扫Nasopharynx Routine Scan鼻咽部增强Nasopharynx Enhanced Scan眼眶部平扫Orbits Routine Scan眼眶部增强Orbits Enhanced Scan内听道平扫Inner Ear Routine Scan颈部平扫Neck Routine Scan颈部普通增强Neck Enhanced Scan颈部动态增强Neck Dynamic Enhanced Scan上腹部平扫Upper Abdomen Scan上腹部普通增强Upper Abdomen Routine Enhanced 上腹部动态增强Upper Abdomen Dynamic Enhanced 中腹部平扫Mid-Abdomen Scan中腹部普通增强Mid-Abdomen Routine Enhanced中腹部动态增强Mid-Abdomen Dynamic Enhanced肾脏平扫Kidney Routine Scan肾上腺平扫Adrenal Routine Scan肾脏普通增强Kidney Routine Enhanced Scan肾脏动态增强Kidney Dynamic Enhanced Scan胰胆管造影MRCP尿路造影MRU腹和盆腔联合扫描Abdomen & Pelvis Scan颈椎平扫C-spine Scan颈椎增强C-spine Enhanced Scan胸椎平扫T-spine Scan胸椎增强T-spine Enhanced Scan腰椎平扫L-spine Scan腰椎增强L-spine Enhanced Scan胸腰段平扫T&L Spine Scan胸腰段增强T&L Spine Enhanced Scan胸部平扫Chest Scan胸部普通增强Chest Routine Enhanced Scan胸部动态增强Chest Dynamic Enhanced Scan女性盆腔平扫Female Pelvis Scan女性盆腔普通增强Female Pelvis Routine Enhanced女性盆腔动态增强Female Pelvis Dynamic Enhanced男性盆腔平扫Male Pelvis Scan男性盆腔普通增强Male Pelvis Routine Enhanced男性盆腔动态增强Male Pelvis Dynamic Enhanced肩关节平扫Shoulder Joint Scan肘关节平扫Elbow Joint Scan腕关节平扫Wrist Joint Scan手部平扫Hand Scan上肢软组织平扫Upper Soft Tissue Scan上肢软组织普通增强Upper Soft Tissue Routine Enhanced 上肢软组织动态增强Upper Soft Tissue Dynamic Enhanced骶髂关节平扫Sacrum Ilium Joint Scan髋关节平扫Hip Joint Scan膝关节平扫Knee Joint Routine Scan踝关节平扫Ankle Joint Routine Scan足部平扫Foot Routine Scan下肢软组织平扫Lower Soft Tissue Scan下肢软组织普通增强Lower Soft Tissue Routine Enhanced 下肢软组织动态增强Lower Soft Tissue Dynamic Enhanced上肢MRA Upper Extremities MRA下肢MRA Lower Extremities MRA心脏大血管造影Heart MR Angiography胸主动脉造影T-Artery MR Angiography腹主动脉造影Abd-Artery MR Angiography头部血管造影Head MR Angiography颈部血管造影Head MR Angiography盆腔血管造影Pelvis MR Angiography下腔静脉MRA Portal Vein MRAultrasound 超声ultrasonography 超声成像gray scale 灰阶real time imaging 实时成像B-mode ultrasound B型超声color Doppler ultrasound 彩色多普勒超声sonogram (echogram) 省像图probe 探头acoustic shadowing 声影angiography 血管造影digital subtration angiography (DSA) 数字减影血管造影digital radiography (DR) 数字X线摄影intraarterial DSA (IADSA) 动脉DSAintravenous DSA (IVDSA) 静脉DSAInterventional radiology 介入放射学Vascular interventional radiology 血管性介入放射学transcatheter embolization(TAE) 栓塞术emboliaztion agents 栓塞剂gelfoam 明胶海绵Ivalon 聚乙烯醇spring coil 弹簧圈detachable ballon 可脱球囊Seldinger technique 经股动脉穿刺术percutaneoius transluminal angioplasty(PTA) 经皮血管腔内成形术laster angioplasty 激光血管成形术atherectomy 粥样斑块切除术ultrasonic angioplasty 超声血管成形术metalic stent 金属内支架endovascular stent 血管内支架restenosis 再狭窄percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty 经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty 经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术thrombolysis 血栓溶解transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (Tipss) 经颈静脉肝内门－体静脉分流术nonvascular interventional radiology 非血管性介入放射学percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) 经皮经肝胆道造影percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTCD) 经皮经肝胆道引流术needle puncture biopsy 针刺活检percutaneous pyelostomy 经皮肾盂造瘘术常规位置：standard views；补充位置：supplementary views；前后位AP，anteroposterior；后前位PA，posteroanterior；侧位lateral；斜位oblique；轴位axial；切线位tangential；眼眶orbit鼻窦后前23°位、华氏位、顶颏位occipitomental，Waters；眼眶后前37°位、柯氏位、鼻颌位、枕额位occipitofrontal，Caldwell；视神经孔后前位，瑞氏位Rhese；颞骨temporal bone乳突侧位：15°侧位，劳氏位Law；25°侧位，许氏位Schuller；35°侧位，伦氏位Runstrom；斜位：后前（45°）斜位，斯氏位Stenvers；前后斜位、反斯氏位；岩部轴位：（仰卧45°）梅氏位Mayer；欧文氏位Owen；岩部前后位AP axial，Towne；拇指thumb拇指前后位Robert；手hand后前斜位pronation oblique；前后斜位supination oblique，ball-catcher's腕wrist舟骨位scaphoid；腕管位carpal tunnel；肘elbow小头位capitellum，鹰嘴位olecranon；髋hip侧位（蛙形位）frog-leg，侧位（仰卧水平投照）cross-table lateral，groin lateral；颈椎cervical spine第1、2颈椎前后位，张口位open-mouth，OMV；胸部chest侧卧位lateral decubitus，前凸位（前后位及后前位）apical lordotic；前弓位kyphotic；附：床旁portable；呼气像expiratory；高千伏摄影high kilovoltage radiography；腹部abdomen腹平片plain abdominal radiograph，abdominal plain film尿路仰卧前后位，尿路平片：KUB，plain film of kidney，ureters，bladder（仰卧）前后位supine abdominal radiograph；立位upright abdominal radiograph；乳腺breast钼靶X线摄影：mammogram，molybdenum target radiography；yanxingzaoyingjipositive contrast agent (阳性)negtive contrast agent (阴性)一、部位location：同侧ipsilateral；对侧contralateral；患侧affected side；健侧intact side；近侧proximal side；远侧distal side；移位deviation，shift，displacement；无移位nondisplaced；抬高elevation；下降descent，fall；邻接abutting，next to，secondary to；二、范围extent：局限localized，regional；弥散diffuse；三、分布distribution：单侧unilateral；双侧bilateral,(in)both(lung fields)；对称symmetric；不对称asymmetric；孤立solita ry；散在scattered；融合confluence(confluent)；中心性central；偏心性eccentric；周围的periphery，peripheral；主要predominantly，primarily；in a segmental or lobar distribution；(sth) on the left；i n the left lower zone；稀疏；集中；四、数目number：单发solitary，single；多发multiple；增多increase；减少decrease；消失disappear；五、大小size：大large；小small；扩大enlarge/enlargement；扩张dilatation；膨胀distention；缩小shrink；体积缩小loss of volume；狭窄stenosis，narrowing；闭塞occlusion，obliteration，emphraxis；生长速率rate of growth；倍增时间doubling time；直径小于3厘米less than 3cm in diameter；不超过1厘米(small nodules)10 mm or less in size；直径增长25% 25% increase in diameter；体积增大一倍doubling of volume；大小不同的of varying sizes；六、形状shape,morphology：点状dot(punctual，punctate)；斑点状mottling，stippled；粟粒状miliary；结节状nodular；团块状m ass，masslike；圆形circular，round，rounded；卵圆形oval；椭圆形ellipse；长方形（椭圆形）oblo ng；分叶状lobulated；片状patchy；条索stripe；线状linar；网状reticular；囊状cystic；弧线形cur vilinear；星状stellate；纠集crowding，converging；舟状boat-shaped，navicular，scaphoid；哑铃状dumb-bell；不规则形irregular；细致fine；粗糙coarse；变形deformity；增粗、增厚thicken；变细、变薄thinning；变平flattened；七、边缘border，margin(marginated)，rim，edge(edged)；轮廓（外形）outline，contour；光滑(smooth)；清晰，锐利(sharp，well-defined，well-circumscribed，clear，distinct)；模糊hazy，indistinct，blurred，ill-defined，obscured，silhouette out (sth)；不规则irregular；毛刺状、针状spiculated；分叶的lobulated,multilobulated；八、密度density(dense)，densitometry，attenuation（X线成像）：透亮lucency(lucent)，transparent；病灶lesion：阴影shadow；不透光haziness，opacification，opacity，opaque；致密density(dense)；低密度hypodense，low density；高密度hyperdense，high density；混杂密度mixed density；solid，subsolid(part solid)，ground-glass(nonsolid)回声echo(echoic)（超声成像）：* 无回声anecho，弱回声poor echo，低回声hypoecho，low level echo；等回声medium echo，iso -echo，高回声hyper echo，high level echo，强回声strong echo；信号signal（磁共振成像）：低信号hypointensity；高信号hyperintensity；九、程度：轻度mild；slightly；中度moderately；重度severe；grossly；十、变化：一过性的，短暂的ephemeral；fleeting；transient；稳定stability(stable)；密度水样密度watery density等密度isodense均匀密度homogeneous density不均匀密度nonhomogeneous density信号等信号isointensity混合信号heterogeneous intensity信号强度减弱decreased signal intensity信号强度增高increased signal intensity流空现象flow empty phenomena增强enhancement静脉团注法intravenous bolus injection technique 静脉快速滴注法intravenous rapid infusion增强扫描enhancement scan延迟扫描delayed scan动态扫描dynamic scan电影扫描cine scan增强前pre-enhancement pre-contrast增强后post-enhancement post-contrast动脉期arterial phase微血管期capillary phase静脉期venous phase延迟期delayed phase均匀增强homogeneous enhancement不均匀增强nonhomegeneous enhancement环状增强circular enhancement结节状增强nodular enhancement片状增强patchy enhancement脑回样增强gyriform enhancement边缘增强rim enhancementmedical imageology 医学影像学diagnostic radiology 放射诊断学x-ray diagnosis X线诊断imaging 影像contrast 对比resolution 分辨率fluoroscopy 荧光透视radiology 放射摄影tomography 体层摄影contrast agents (media) 造影剂protection from radiation 放射防护computed tomography (CT) 计算机体层摄影ct scanner CT扫描仪（CT机）analog/digital converter 模拟/数字转换器digital/analog converter 数字/模拟转换器voxel 体素pixel 象素spatial resolution 空间分辨率density resolution 密度分辨率Houlsfield unit CT值单位plain ct scan CT平扫contrast enhancement ct scan CT增强扫描convertional CT 常规CTspiral CT 螺旋CTultrafast ct (electric beam CT) 超高速CT（电子束CT）magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 磁共振成像radio frequency (RF) 射频脉冲relaxation time 驰豫时间spin-lattice relaxation time 自旋－晶格（即纵向）(longitudinal relaxation time) 驰豫时间，简称T1spin-Spin(transverse) relaxation time 自旋－自旋（即横向）驰豫时间，简称T2spin-echo sequence (SE) 自旋回波序列echo time 回波时间repetitiontime 脉冲重复间隔时间（TR）T1 weighted (T1WI) image T1成像T2 weighted (T2WI) image T2成像magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) 磁共振血管成像flowing void effect 流空效应Time of flight (TOF) 时间流逝法phase contrast (PC) 相位对比法Gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) 钆－二乙三胺五醋酸（磁显葡胺）检查名称英文对照头颅正侧位Skull PA & LAT鼻窦Sinus PA左侧乳突Left Mastoid Process右侧乳突Right Mastoid Process鼻骨侧位Nasal Bones LAT颈椎正侧位C-Spine PA & LAT颈椎双斜位C-Spine Dual Oblique胸椎正侧位T-Spine PA & LAT腰椎正侧位L-Spine PA & LAT骶尾正侧位Saccrum/Coccyx AP & LAT胸部正侧位（成人）Chest PA & LAT (Adult)胸部正侧位（儿童）Chest PA & LAT (Pediatrics)骨盆（成人）Pelvis PA (Adult)骨盆（儿童）Pelvis PA (Pediatrics)腹部（成人）Abdomen ( Adult)腹部（儿童）Abdomen (Pediatircs)左侧肩关节Left Shoulder Joint右侧肩关节Right Shoulder Joint左侧肱骨正侧位Left Humerus AP & LAT右侧肱骨正侧位Right Humerus AP & LAT左侧尺桡骨正侧位Left Forearm AP & LAT右侧尺桡骨正侧位Right Forearm AP & LAT左侧肘关节正侧位Left Elbow Joint AP & LAT右侧肘关节正侧位Right Elbow Joint AP & LAT左手正斜位Left Hand AP & Oblique右手正斜位Right Hand AP & Oblique左侧腕关节正侧位Left Wrist Joint AP & LAT右侧腕关节正侧位Right Wrist Joint AP & LAT双腕关节正位（成人）Dual Wrist Joint AP (Adult)双腕关节正位（儿童）Dual Wrist Joint AP (Pediatrics) 左侧股骨正侧位Left Femur AP & LAT右侧股骨正侧位Right Femur AP & LAT左侧膝关节正侧位Left Knee Joint AP & LAT右侧膝关节正侧位Right Knee Joint AP & LAT左侧胫腓骨正侧位Left Tibia Fibula AP & LAT右侧胫腓骨正侧位Right Tibia Fibula AP & LAT左侧踝关节正侧位Left Ankle Joint AP & LAT右侧踝关节正侧位Right Ankle Joint AP & LAT左侧足部正侧位Left Foot AP & LAT右侧足部正侧位Right Foot AP & LAT足跟侧位Calcaneus LAT检查方法名称英文对照胸部正位Chest PA胸部正侧位Chest PA & LAT心脏三位片Heart胸部斜位Chest OBL胸骨侧位Sternum LAT胸锁骨关节像Sternum Calvicle Joint PA锁骨正位Calvicle PA肩关节正位Shoulder Joint AP头颅正位Skull AP头颅正侧Skull AP & LAT颈椎正位C-spine AP颈椎张口位C-spine Open Mouth颈椎正侧位C-spine AP & LAT颈椎正侧双斜位C-spine AP & LAT & Dual OBL颈椎六位像C-spine 6 position颈椎正侧双斜张口位C-spine AP & LAT & Dual OBL Open Mouth 颈胸段正侧位C-T-spine AP & LAT胸椎正侧T-spine AP & LAT胸腰段正侧位T-L-spine AP & LAT腰椎正侧位L-spine AP & LAT腰椎正侧双斜L-spine AP & LAT & Dual OBL腰椎双斜L-spine Dual OBL腰椎六位像L-spine 6 position腰椎过伸过屈位L-spine Lordotic Kyphotic Position腰骶椎正侧位L-S-spine AP & LAT骶尾椎正侧位Saccrum/Coccyx AP & LAT尾椎侧位像Coccyx LAT骶髂关节正位Sacrum Ilium Joint AP骶髂关节切线位Sacrum Ilium Joint Tangential Position骨盆正位Pelvis AP耻骨坐骨正位Pubis Ischium AP常规位置：standard views；补充位置：supplementary views；前后位AP，anteroposterior；后前位PA，posteroanterior；侧位lateral；斜位oblique；轴位axial；切线位tangential；眼眶orbit鼻窦后前23°位、华氏位、顶颏位occipitomental，Waters；眼眶后前37°位、柯氏位、鼻颌位、枕额位occipitofrontal，Caldwell；视神经孔后前位，瑞氏位Rhese；颞骨temporal bone乳突侧位：15°侧位，劳氏位Law；25°侧位，许氏位Schuller；35°侧位，伦氏位Runstrom；斜位：后前（45°）斜位，斯氏位Stenvers；前后斜位、反斯氏位；岩部轴位：（仰卧45°）梅氏位Mayer；欧文氏位Owen；岩部前后位AP axial，Towne；拇指thumb拇指前后位Robert；手hand后前斜位pronation oblique；前后斜位supination oblique，ball-catcher's腕wrist舟骨位scaphoid；腕管位carpal tunnel；肘elbow小头位capitellum，鹰嘴位olecranon；髋hip侧位（蛙形位）frog-leg，侧位（仰卧水平投照）cross-table lateral，groin lateral；颈椎cervical spine第1、2颈椎前后位，张口位open-mouth，OMV；胸部chest侧卧位lateral decubitus，前凸位（前后位及后前位）apical lordotic；前弓位kyphotic；附：床旁portable；呼气像expiratory；高千伏摄影high kilovoltage radiography；腹部abdomen腹平片plain abdominal radiograph，abdominal plain film尿路仰卧前后位，尿路平片：KUB，plain film of kidney，ureters，bladder （仰卧）前后位supine abdominal radiograph；立位upright abdominal radiograph；乳腺breast钼靶X线摄影：mammogram，molybdenum target radiography；腹部平片Abdomen AP上肢Upper Extremities下肢Lower Extremities华氏位Waltz Position下颌骨正侧位Mandible PA_LAT头颅正侧位Skull PA_LAT颧弓切线位Zygomatic小儿胸片Chest膝关节造影Knee Joint Contrast肩关节造影Shoulder Joint Contrast椎管造影Spinal ContrastTMJ造影TMJ contrast腮腺造影Parotid Contrast静脉肾盂造影IVP逆行尿路造影Contrary Urethral Contrast子宫造影Uterus ContrastT管造影T-tube Cholangiography五官造影Facial Contrast窦道造影Contrast Fistulography瘤腔造影Tumor Cavity Contrast异物定位Orientation胆系造影CholecystographyERCP ERCP上消化道造影Upper Gastrointestinal Contrast全消化道造影Full Gastrointestinal Contrast钡灌肠造影Barium Contrast of Colon小肠低张造影Small Bowel Enema结肠低张造影Hypotonic Colon Contrast食道造影Contrast Esophagography关于X线方面的部分中英文对照：acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节air bronchogram 支气管影像ankle joint 踝关节ankylosis of joint 关节强直arches of foot 足弓biligrafin 胆影葡胺bone age 骨龄bone canaliculi 骨小管bone cortex 骨皮质bone deformity 骨骼变形bone destruction 骨质破坏bone lacuna 骨陷窝bone lamella 骨板bony articular surface 骨关节面bursa 滑膜囊calcification 钙化carpal bones 腕骨cavity 空洞chondral calcification 软骨钙化compact bone and spongy bone 密质骨和松质骨degeneration of joint 关节退行性变destruction of joint 关节破坏diaphysis 骨干digital subtraction angiography, DSA 数字减影血管造影dislocation of joint 关节脱位dual photon absorptiometry, DPA 双光子吸收法dual X-ray energy absorptiometry, DXA 双能X线吸收法elbow joint 肘关节encapsulated effusion 包裹性积液end plate 终板epiphyseal line 骨骺线epiphyseal plate 骨骺板epiphysis 骨骺exudation 渗出fibrotic lesion 纤维性病变filling defect 充盈缺损free pleural effusion 游离性胸腔积液haemosiderosis 含钱血黄素沉着Hafersian system 哈弗系统haversian lamella 哈氏骨板hilar dance 肺门舞蹈hip joint 髋关节hydropneumothorax 液气胸hydroxyapatite crystal 羟基磷灰石结晶hyperostosis/osteosclerosis 骨质增生硬化intercondyloid eminence 髁间隆起interlobar effusion 叶间积液intermediate lamella 骨间板internal and external circumfereutial lamella 内、外环骨板interstitial pulmonary oedema 间质性肺水肿intervertebral disc 椎间盘intervertebral foramen 椎间孔intervertenral space 椎间隙intra-alveolar pulmonary oedema 肺泡性肺水肿joint 关节joint capsule 关节囊joint cartilage 关节软骨joint cavity 关节腔joint space 关节间隙knee joint 膝关节lamellar bone 层板骨left atrial enlargement 左心房增大left ventricular enlargement 左心室增大ligament 韧带localized pleural effusion 局限性胸腔积液looser zone 假骨折线mass 肿块medullary space 骨髓腔metacarpal bones 掌骨metaphysis 干骺端metatarsal bones 跖骨niche 龛影obstructive atelectasis 阻塞性肺不张obstructive emphysema 阻塞性肺气肿oral cholecystography 口服胆囊造影ossifcation 骨化ossification centre 骨化中心osteoblast 成骨细胞osteoclast 破骨细胞osteocyte 骨细胞osteomalacia 骨质软化osteonecrosis 骨质坏死osteoporosis 骨质疏松periosteal proliferation 骨膜增生periosteal reaction 骨膜反应periosteum and intermal periosteum 骨膜和骨内膜phalanges of fingers 指骨phalanges of toes 趾骨pleural thickening,adhesion and calaification 胸膜增厚、粘连及钙化pleural tumor 胸膜肿瘤pneumothorax 气胸proliferative lesion 增殖性病变pulmonary hilar enlargement 肺门增大pulmonary arterial hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary arterial pleonaemia 肺充血pulmonary hypertension 肺高压pulmonary oligaemia 肺少血pulmonary venous hypertension 肺静脉高压pulmonary venous pleonaemia 肺淤血quantitative computed tomography, QCT 定量CT法right atrial enlargement 右心房增大right ventricular enlargement 右心室增大sequestrum 死骨shoulder joint 肩关节soft tissue mass 软组织肿胀soft tissue swelling 软组织肿胀subpulmonary effusion 肺下积液swelling of joint 关节肿胀tarsal bones 跗骨tibia tuberosity 胫骨粗隆trabecula 骨小梁Volkmann canal 福尔克曼管woven bone 非层板骨wrist 腕关节abestosis 石棉肺acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS 艾滋病actinomycosis 放线菌病acute military tuberculosis 急性粟粒型肺结核agenesis and hypoplasia of the lung 肺不发育和肺发育不全allergic pneumonia 过敏性肺炎aluminum pneumoconiosis 铝尘肺amyloidosis of lung 肺淀粉样变性angiogram sign 血管造影征anthracosis 炭黑尘肺aspergillosis 曲菌病bronchiectasis 支气管扩张bronchogenic cyst 支气管囊肿bronchopneumonia 支气管肺炎broncho-pulmonary sequestration 支气管肺隔离症butterfly sign 蝶翼征cement pneumoconiosis 水泥尘肺chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎chronic pneumonia 慢性肺炎coalworker pneumoconiosis 煤工尘肺congenital bronchial cysts 先天性支气管囊肿contusion of lung 肺挫伤cryptococcosis 隐球菌病cylindrical bronchiectasis 柱状支扩dermoid cyst 皮样囊肿diaphragmatic eventeration 膈膨升diaphragmatic hermia 膈疝electric welder pneumoconiosis 电焊工尘肺esophageal cyst 食管囊肿foreign body of chest 胸部异物foundry worker pneumoconiosis 铸工尘肺Goodpasture syndrome 肺-肾综合征graphite pneumoconiosis 石墨尘肺halo sign 晕轮征hamartoma 错构瘤hematogenous pulmonary tuberculosis 血行播散型肺结核（II型）Hodgkin lymphoma 霍奇金淋巴瘤Hodgkin disease, HD 霍奇金病honeycomb lung 蜂窝状肺hydropneumothorax 液气胸inflammatory pseudotumor 炎性假瘤interstitial pneumonia 间质性肺炎intrathoracic goiter 胸内甲状腺kaolin pneumoconiosis 陶工尘肺Kaposi sarcoma 卡波济肉瘤laceration and hematoma of lung 肺撕裂伤与肺血肿laceration of trachea and bronchus 气管及支气管裂伤lipoma 脂肪瘤lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎Loffler syndroma 吕弗留综合征lung abscess 肺脓肿lymphangioma 淋巴管瘤lymphoma 淋巴瘤mediastinal emphysema 纵隔气肿mediastinal hematorma 纵隔血肿mediastinal tumor 纵隔肿瘤mediastinitis 纵隔炎mesothelial cyst 间皮囊肿mesothelioma of pleura 胸膜间皮瘤metastatic tumor of pleura 胸膜转移瘤mica pneumoconiosis 云母尘肺neurogenic neoplasms 神经源性肿瘤non Hodgkin lymphoma, NHL 非霍奇金淋巴瘤pleural thickening, adhesion and calcification胸膜肥厚粘连和钙化pleuro-peritoneal hiatus hernia 胸腹裂孔疝pneumocomosis 尘肺pneumomediastinum 纵隔气肿pneumothorax 气胸primary complex 原发综合征primary tuberculosis 原发性肺结核（I型）pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis 肺泡微石症pulmonary alveolar proteinosis 肺泡蛋白沉积症pulmonary arterio-venous fistula 肺动静脉瘘pulmonary arterio-venous malformation,PAVM肺动静脉畸形pulmonary connective tissue diseases 肺结缔组织疾病pulmonary edema 肺水肿pulmonary emboli 肺梗塞pulmonary infarcts 肺梗死pulmonary sequestration 肺隔离症pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核pyothorax 化脓性胸膜炎radiation pneumonitis 放射性肺炎rheumatoid disease of the lung 肺类风湿性病saccular bronchiectasis 囊状支扩sarcoidosis 结节病secondary pulmonary tuberculosis 继发性肺结核（III型）seminoma 精原细胞瘤silicosis 矽肺staphylococal pneumonia 葡萄球菌肺炎subacute or chronic hematogenous pulmonary tuberculosis亚急性或慢性血行播散型肺结核systemic lupus erythomatosis, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮talc pneumoconiosis 滑石尘肺teratoma 畸胎瘤thymoma 胸腺瘤tramline sign 轨道征traumatic diaphragmatic hernia 外伤性隔疝tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes胸内淋巴结结核tuberculosis pleuritis 结核性胸膜炎varicose bronchiectasis 静脉曲张型支扩Wegner granuloma 韦格氏肉芽肿下肢静脉造影Lower Vein Angiography上肢静脉造影Upper Vein Angiography下肢动脉造影Lower Artery Angiography上肢动脉造影Upper Artery Angiography脑血管造影Cerebrovascular Angiograhy主动脉弓胸腹主动脉造影Aorta Angiography肾静脉取血Kidney Vein Blood Sampling右心、左心造影Right and Left Ventricular Angiography心肌活检Myocardiam Centesis and Sampling冠状动脉造影Coronary Arteriography腔静脉取血Vena cava sampling心导管检查(微导管同)(进口仪器）Cardiac catheterization经皮球囊扩张Percutaneous balloon dilatating予激综合症心内膜检测Endocardial investigation of preexcitation syndrome希氏束电图Electrocardiogram of bundle of His心脏临时起搏Cardiac temporary pacing埋置永久心脏起搏器Cardioc permanent pacemaker implanting体肢动脉系统介入治疗Transartery interventional therapy支气管动脉介入治疗Bronchus artery interventional therapy肺动脉介入治疗Pulmonary artery interventional therapy头臂动脉介入治疗Brachiocephalic artery interventional therapy静脉介入治疗Veinous interventional therapy冠状动脉介入治疗(球囊成形) Coronary Artery interventional therapy (balloon angioplasty) 冠状动脉介入治疗(腔内旋磨) Coronary Artery interventional therapy (rotablating)冠状动脉介入治疗(腔内支架) Coronary Artery interventional therapy (stent implantaion) 主动脉介入治疗Aorta interventional therapy肾动脉介入治疗Renal artery interventional therapy心脏瓣膜成形术Heart valvuloplasty房间隔缺损封堵术Atrial septal defect closer室间隔缺损封堵术Ventricular septal defect closer。
核能专业词汇英语翻译
核能专业词汇英语翻译(F-L)fabrication 制造facility 设施facility attachment 设施附属文件facility practice 设施实行facility safeguards approach 设施的保障监督方法factor 系数factor of porosity 孔隙率factor of stress concentr ...fabrication 制造facility 设施facility attachment 设施附属文件facility practice 设施实行facility safeguards approach 设施的保障监督方法factor 系数factor of porosity 孔隙率factor of stress concentration 应力集中因数fading 阻尼fail safe instrument 故障时安全运行的仪器fail safe operation 安全运行failed can detection 破损燃料探测failed element 破损元件failed element indicator 破损元件指示器failed element monitor 破损元件监测器failed fuel detection 破损燃料探测failed fuel detection and location 破损燃料探测和定位failed fuel detector 破损燃料探测器failsafe 故障自动保险的failure checking 故障检查failure free operation 无故障运行failure mode 故障种类failure of parity conservation 宇称守恒的破坏failure prediction 故障猜测fall back 回落fall out 放射性沉降fall time 下降时间falling stream method 降哩fallout density 放射性沉降物密度fallout monitoring 沉降物监测fallout particle 沉降粒子fallout pattern 沉降物分布型式fallout radioactive material 放射性沉降物fallout sampling network 沉降物取样网fallout shelter 沉降物掩蔽所false alarm probability 假报警几率false curvature 假曲率false scram 错误信号紧急停堆family 系fano's theorem 法诺定理far field 远场far infra red radiation 远红外辐射far ultraviolet radiation 远紫外辐射farad 法拉faraday cage 法拉第笼faraday constant 法拉第常数faraday cup 法拉第笼farvitron 线振质谱仪fast acting control rod 快动棕制棒fast advantage factor 快中子有利因子fast amplifier 宽频带放大器fast and thermal reactor burnup computer code 快和热反应堆燃耗计算机代码fast breeder 快中子增殖反应堆fast breeder reactor 快中子增殖反应堆fast burst reactor 快中子脉冲反应堆fast burst reactor facility 快中子脉冲反应堆装置fast ceramic reactor 陶瓷燃料快堆fast chamber 快速电离室fast chopper 快中子选择器fast coincidence 快符合fast coincidence unit 快符合单元fast compression cloud chamber 快压缩云室fast conversion 快中子转换fast cosmic ray neutron 宇宙射线的快中子fast critical assembly 快中子临界装置fast cross section 快中子截面fast detector 快速探测器fast effect 快中子倍增效应fast electron 快电子fast exponential experiment 快中子指数实验装置fast fission 快中子裂变fast fission effect factor 快中子裂变效应系数fast fission region 快中子裂变区fast fissionability 快中子致裂变性fast flux 快中子通量fast flux test facility 快中子通量试验装置fast fragment 快碎片fast killing dose 快速杀伤剂量fast leakage factor 快中子泄漏因子fast mean free path 快中子平均自由程fast medium 快中子介质fast multiplication effect 快中子倍增效应fast multiplication factor 快中子倍增因子fast neutron 快中子fast neutron activation method 快中子活化法fast neutron breeder reactor 快中子增殖反应堆fast neutron breeding 快中子增殖fast neutron calibration 快中子刻度fast neutron collimator 快中子准直器fast neutron counter tube 快中子计数管fast neutron cycle 快中子增殖循环fast neutron detector 快中子探测器fast neutron diffusion length 快中子扩散长度fast neutron dose equivalent 快中子剂量当量fast neutron dosimeter 快中子剂量计fast neutron fission cross section 快中子裂变截面fast neutron fission increase rate 快中子裂变增加率fast neutron fluence 快中子积分通量fast neutron generator 快中子发生器fast neutron non leakage probability 快中子不泄漏几率fast neutron range 快中子区fast neutron reaction 快中子反应fast neutron reactor 快中子裂变反应堆fast neutron selector 快中子选择器fast neutron spectrometer 快中子谱仪fast plutonium reactor 快中子钚反应堆fast radiochemistry 快速放射化学fast reaction 快速核反应fast reactor 快中子裂变反应堆fast reactor core test facility 快堆堆芯试验装置fast reactor physics 快速反应堆物理学fast reactor test assembly 快堆试验装置fast reactor thermal engineering facility 快堆热工程研究设施fast region 快中子区fast setback 迅速下降fast slow coincidence circuit 快慢符合电路fast sub critical assembly 快中子次临界装置fast test reactor 快中子试验反应堆fast thermal coupled reactor 快热耦合反应堆fast zero power reactor 快中子零功率反应堆fatal dose 致命剂量fatalities 死亡事故fatigue 疲惫fatigue fracture 疲惫断裂fatigue limit 疲惫极限fatigue test 疲惫试验fault 故障faulted condition 损伤状态faulty fuel assembly 破损燃料组件favorable geometry 有利几何条件fb 快中子增殖反应堆fcc 核燃料循环成本fcf 核燃料循环设施feather analysis 费塞分析feather's empirical formula 费瑟经验公式feather's rule 费瑟规则feed 供给feed adjustment tank 进料蝶槽feed end 加料端feed material 给料物质feed plant 核燃料生产工厂feed pump 给水泵feed stage 给料段feed water 给水feed water control system 给水控制系统feedback 反馈feedback circuit 反馈回路feedback control 反馈控制feedback loop 反馈回路feedback ratio 反馈比feedback signal 反馈信号feedwater equipment 给水设备feedwater flow control 给水量控制ferganite 水钒铀矿fermat's principle 费马原理fermi 费米fermi acceleration 费米加速fermi age 费米年龄fermi age equation 费米年龄方程fermi age theory 费米年龄理论fermi beta decay theory 费米衰变理论fermi characteristic energy level 费米能级fermi constant 费米常数fermi dirac gas 费米狄拉克气体fermi dirac statistics 费米狄拉克统计学fermi distribution 费米分布fermi distribution function 费米狄拉克分布函数fermi energy 费米能级fermi function 费米函数fermi gas 费米气体fermi gas model 费米气体模型fermi interaction 费米相互酌fermi intercept 散射长度fermi level 费米能级fermi limit 费米能级fermi particle 费米子fermi perturbation 费米微扰fermi plot 费米线图fermi potential 费米势fermi reactor 费米中子反应堆fermi resonance 费米共振fermi selection rules 费米选择定则fermi spectrum 费米谱fermi statistics 费米统计fermi surface 费米面fermi temperature 费米温度fermi theory of cosmic ray acceleration 费米宇宙射线加速理论fermi transition 费米跃迁fermi's golden rule 费米黄金法则fermion 费米子fermium 镄ferquency response 频率特性ferric 正铁的ferrimagnetism 铁氧体磁性ferrite 铁素体ferro resonance 铁磁共振ferroelectric material 铁电物质ferromagnet 铁磁材料ferromagnetic material 铁磁性材料ferromagnetic substance 铁磁性材料ferromagnetism 铁磁性ferrosilicon 硅铁ferrothorite 铁钍石ferrouranothorite 铁铀钍石ferrous 亚铁的ferrous sulfate dosimeter 硫酸亚铁剂量计fertile 可转换的fertile absorber 可转换的吸收体fertile element 再生元素fertile fuel 增殖性燃料feynman diagram 费因曼图feynman positon theory 费因曼正电子理论fhm 换料机fiber electrometer 悬丝静电计fiberglass 玻璃纤维fibre electrometer 悬丝静电计fick's law 菲克定律fictitious binding energy 虚结合能fictitious spin quantum number 假想自旋量子数field 场field coil 励磁线圈field current 励磁电流field disposal 野外处置field distribution 场分布field emission 自动电子放射field emission counter 场致发射计数管field emission electron microscope 场致发射电子显微镜field emitted electron 场致发射电子field intensity 场强field ion emission 场致离子发射field of forces 力场field particle 场粒子field pattern 力线field quantum 场量子field strength 场强field theory 场论field use 野外利用fieldless 无场的fifty percent survival time 百分之五十存活时间figure 图形filament 丝filament battery a电池组filament cuurent 灯丝电流filament electrometer 悬丝静电计filled band 填充区域filled level 布满能级filled shell 满壳层filler 填充料filling 装填filling material 填充料film 薄层film boiling 膜态沸腾film coefficient 膜系数film dosimeter 胶片剂量计film dosimetry 胶片剂量测定法film illuminator 底片观察灯film marker 胶片标志体film ring 胶片指环剂量计filter 过滤器filter aid 助滤剂filter bed 过虑床filter cake 滤饼filter cloth 滤布filter house 过滤部filter medium 过滤介质filter paper 滤纸filter press 压滤机filter thickness 过滤岂度filtering 过滤filtrate 滤液filtration 过滤fima 菲马fin 肋片final control element 末控元件final controlling drive 末控元件final nucleus 终核final particle 最后粒子final product 最终产物final safety analysis report 最终安全分析报告final solution 最终溶液final state 终态final velocity 终末fine adjustment 精密蝶fine control 细调精密第fine control channel 精密第通道fine control element 精密第元件fine control member 精密第元件fine distribution 精细分布fine focus 细焦点fine grained 细颗粒的fine grinding 细磨fine powder 细粉fine regulating rod 精密控制棒fine resolution 高分辨率fine structure 精细结构fine structure constant 精细结构常数fine tuning 细调fingal process 芬哥尔法finite 有限的finite cylindrical reactor 有限圆柱形反应堆finned tube heat exchanger 翅片管换热器finned tubular radiator 翅片管散热器finning 加散热片fire brick 耐火砖fire clay 耐火土fire proof 耐火的fire proof mortar 耐火砂浆fire retardant paint 防火涂料fire storm 火风暴fireball 火球fireball model 火球模型first collision probability 首次碰撞几率first harmonic 基波first ionization potential 第一电离电位first order fission products 原始裂变产物first quantum number 挚子数first radiation constant 第一辐射常数first townsend coefficient 第一汤森系数first townsend discharge 第一汤森放电first wall 第一壁fish track 鱼形径迹fisser 裂变物质fissile 分裂的fissile atom 裂变原子fissile class 可裂变级fissile material 裂变物质fissile nucleus 可分裂的核fissile nuclide 可裂变核素fissile plutonium 裂变钚fissile region 裂变区fissility 可裂变性fission 核裂变fission capture 裂变俘获fission chain 裂变链fission chain reaction 裂变链式反应fission chamber 裂变电离室fission channel 裂变道fission counter 裂变计数器fission counter tube 裂变计数管fission counting 分裂计数fission counting rate 裂变计数率fission cross section 裂变截面fission density 裂变密度fission energy 裂变能量fission energy spectrum 裂变能谱fission energy storage 裂变能积聚fission fragment 裂变碎片fission fragment range 裂变碎片射程fission fragment track 裂变碎片径迹fission fragment track dosimeter 裂变碎片径迹剂量计fission fragments 裂变碎片fission fusion detonation 裂变聚变核爆炸fission fusion fission bomb 裂变聚变裂变弹fission fusion power plant 裂变聚变发电站fission gamma 裂变量子fission gas 裂变气体fission gas monitor 裂变气体监测器fission heat 裂变热fission loss 裂变损失fission mean free path 裂变平均自由程fission neutron 裂变中子fission neutron absorber 裂变中子吸收体fission neutron absorption cross section 裂变中子吸收截面fission neutrons 裂变中子fission poisons 裂变毒物fission power plant 裂变发电站fission probability 裂变几率fission process 裂变过程fission product 裂变产物fission product debris 裂变产物碎片fission product decay heat 裂变产物衰变热fission product detection 裂变产物探测fission product poisoning 裂变产物中毒fission product release 裂变产物释放fission product removal system 裂变产物除去系统fission product retaining coated fuel particle 保持裂变产物的涂敷燃料颗粒fission product screening loop 裂变产物筛选回路fission product separator failed element monitor 裂变产物分离式破损燃料监测器fission product waste storage 裂变产物废物储存fission product yield 裂变产额fission products monitoring 裂变产物监测fission products poisoning predictor 裂变产物中毒预告器fission products poisoning process 裂变产物中毒过程fission products radioisotopes 裂变产物放射性同位素fission rate 裂变率fission reaction 裂变反应fission reactor 裂变反应堆fission reactor control 裂变反应堆控制fission recoils 裂变反冲物fission resonance 裂变共振fission species 裂变核类fission spectrum 裂变中子能谱fission threshold 裂变阈能fission track dating 裂变径迹定年技术fission weapon 裂变武器fission yield 裂变产额fission yield curve 裂变产额曲线fissionable 分裂的fissionable atom 可裂变原子fissionable derivative 可裂变衍生物fissionable element 可裂变元素fissionable fuel 可裂变燃料fissionable material 裂变物质fissionable material detection 可裂变物质探测fissionable material production reactor 可裂变物质生产反应堆fissionable nucleus 可分裂的核fissioning distribution 裂变中子谱fissioning isomer 裂变同质异能素fissioning spectrum 裂变谱fissions per initial fissionable atom 菲法fissium 裂变产物fissium alloy 裂变产物合金fissium oxide 裂变产物合金氧化物fixation 固定fixed contamination 固定沾污fixed electron 束缚电子fixed field alternating gradient 固定磁场交变梯度fixed field alternating gradient accelerator 固定磁场交变梯度聚焦加速器fixed field alternating gradient synchrotron 固定磁场交变梯度同步加速器fixed reflector 固定反射层fixed target 固定靶flame ionization detection 火焰电离检测flame reaction 焰色反应flame spectrophotometry 火焰分光光度测定法flame spectrum 火焰光谱flange coupling 凸缘联轴节flash gamma radiation 瞬发辐射flash point 闪点flash welding 闪光焊flashing point 闪点flask 烧瓶flat bottomed flask 平底烧瓶flat counter tube 平板型正比计数管flat linear induction pump 平面式直线感应泵flattened region 展平区flattened zone 展平区flattening 展平flattening material 展平材料flattening of neutron flux 中子通量展平flattening radius 展平区半径flaw 缺陷flaw detection 探伤flaw detector 探伤器flaw sensitivity 裂痕灵敏度flecxure 负载弯曲flexibility 柔软性flexible 可挠的flexible beta ray sheeting 射线软片flight path 飞行路径flint glass 燧石玻璃flip flop 触发电路flip flop multivibrator 双稳态多谐振荡器floating action 浮动酌floating earthquake resistant nuclear power station 浮式抗震核电站floating nuclear power plant 海上浮动核电站flocculation 絮凝flocculent precipitate 絮状沉淀物flooding 注水flooding point 溢零flooding point rate 溢零速度floor contamination indicator 地面沾污指示器floor contamination meter 地面沾污计floor contamination monitor 地面污染监测器floor type radiation beacon 落地式辐射报警器flop in method 增加法flop out method 缩减法flotation 浮选flow chart 撂图flow counter 柳式计数管flow diagram 撂图flow indicator 量指示计flow line 吝flow meter 量计flow of materials 物质流flow point 怜点flow rate 临flow sheet 撂图flowmeter 量计fluctuation 涨落fluctuation time 涨落时间flue 烟道fluence 积分通量fluence rate 积分通量率fluid 铃fluid bed heat exchanger 怜床热交换器fluid flowmeter 液体量计fluid friction 铃摩擦fluid fuel 铃燃料fluid fuel fast reactor 铃燃料快速反应堆fluid fuel reactor 铃燃料反应堆fluid mixing tank 混合器fluid poison control 液态毒物控制fluid poison injection safety mechanism 液态毒物注入安全机构fluidity 怜性fluidized bed 连化床fluidized bed reactor 怜床反应堆fluidized bed solidification 怜床固化fluidized fuel reactor 怜燃料反应堆fluidized reactor 怜燃料反应堆fluoborate 氟硼酸盐fluophotometer 荧光光度计fluorescence 荧光fluorescence dosimeter 荧光剂量计fluorescence indicator 荧光指示剂fluorescence spectrum 荧光光谱fluorescence yield 荧光产额fluorescent 萤光的fluorescent lifetime 发光时间fluorescent material 荧光物质fluorescent method 荧光法fluorescent radiation 荧光性辐射fluorescent screen 荧光屏fluorescent substance 荧光物质fluorescent x ray spectrometer 荧光x 射线谱仪fluorescent x rays 荧光x射线fluoride fuel reactor 氟化物燃料反应堆fluoride volatility process 氟化物挥发撂fluorimeter 荧光计fluorimetric analysis 荧光分析fluorimetry 荧光测定法fluorination method 氟化法fluorine 氟fluoroglass dosimeter 荧光玻璃剂量计fluorography 荧光图象摄影术fluorometer 荧光计fluorometry 荧光测定法fluoroscope 荧光镜fluoroscopic apparatus 荧光透视装置fluoroscopy 荧光检查flute 槽flux 通量flux converter 中子联换器flux density 通量密度flux of energy 能通量flux peaking 局部通量剧增flux peaking factor 局部通量剧增因子flux time 积分通量flux trap 通量阱fluxmeter 磁通计fly off 上移flywheel 飞轮foaming agent 发泡剂focal distance 焦距focal length 焦距focal plane 焦平面focal point 焦点focal spot 焦斑focus 焦点focusing 聚焦focusing cap 聚焦盖focusing electrode 聚焦电极focusing quadrupole magnet 聚焦四极透镜磁铁fog 雾fog cooling 喷雾冷却foil 箔foil detector 箔探测器follower 后随部folw 流food irradiation 食品辐照food irradiation reactor 食物辐照用反应堆food sterilization 食品消毒forbidden band 禁带forbidden beta decay 禁戒衰变forbidden beta transition 禁戒跃迁forbidden energy band 禁带forbidden nuclear transition 禁戒核跃迁forbidden transition 禁戒跃迁forbiddenness 禁戒性force 力force constant of linkage 结合力常数force of attraction 引力force of gravity 重力force of inertia 惯性力force of repulsion 排斥力forced circulation 受迫循环;强制循环forced convection 强制对流forced flow boiling water reactor 强制怜沸水反应堆forced oscillation 强制振荡forced radiation 强制辐射forced vibration 强制振荡forceps 钳子foreign atom 化学杂质foreign body 杂质foreign gas 杂质气体foreign matter 杂质forepump 预真空泵form factor 外形系数formation 产生formi dirac gas 费米气体forvacuum 预真空forvacuum pump 预真空泵forward scattering 前方散射fountain pen type dosemeter 自来水笔式剂量计fountain pen type exposuremeter 自来水笔式照射量计four channel fast coincidence unit 四道快符合单元four factor formula 四因子公式four force 四元力four momentum 四维动量four pi counter 4计数管four pi radiation detector 4辐射探测器four velocity 四元速度fourier analysis 傅里叶分析fourier analyzer 傅里叶分析器谐波分析器fourier transformation 傅里叶变换fourmarierite 红铀矿fourth stage of matter 物质的第四态fraction 馏分fraction exchange 交换系数fractional crystallization 分级结晶fractional distillation 分馏fractional extraction 分级萃取fractional ionization 电离度fractional yield 部分产额fractionated irradiation 分次照射fractionating column 分馏柱fractionating tower 分馏柱fractionation 分级fractionation effect 分次效应fragility 脆性fragment 碎片fragmentation of nucleus 核碎裂frame of reference 座标系统francevillite 钒铅钡铀矿francium 钫franck condon principle 弗兰克康登原理franck hertz experiment 弗兰克赫茨试验frap 燃料棒分析程序frap s 燃料棒分析程序稳态frap t 燃料棒分析程序瞬变过程free air 自由空气free air chamber 自由空气电离室free air dose 空气剂量free charge 自由电荷free electron 自由电子free end 自由端free energy 自由能free field 自由场free field particle acceleration 自由场粒子加速free free collision 非弹性碰撞free isotope hold up 游离同位素滞留量free molecule diffusion 自由分子漫散free neutron 自由中子free oscillation 自由振荡free path 自由程free state 游离状态free surface 自由面free valence 自由价free water 自由水分freezing 凝固freezing mixture 冷冻剂freezing point 凝固点frenkel defect 弗兰克尔缺陷freon 氟利昂frequency condition 频率条件frequency conversion 频率变换frequency match 频率蝶frequency meter 频计frequency modulated cyclotron 同步回旋加速器frequency modulation 频率灯frequency of inspection 监查频度frequency range 频率范围frequency response characteristic 频率特性frequency shift 移频frequency spectrum 频谱fresh fuel 新燃料fretting corrosion 摩擦磨蚀freyalite 硬硅铈钍矿friction 摩擦friction coefficient 摩擦系数friction loss 摩擦损耗frictional force 摩擦力frisch ionization chamber 弗里希电离窒fritzscheite 钒磷锰铀矿frosted glass 毛玻璃frozen magnetic field 冻结磁场frozen shaft seal 冻结法轴密封frozen static seal 冷冻静态密封ft value 相对寿命fuel 核燃料fuel assembly 核燃料组件fuel assembly grid 燃料集合体栅格fuel assembly stability test 燃料集合体稳定性试验fuel box 燃料元件容器fuel breeding cycle 燃料增殖循环fuel bundle 核燃料组件fuel bundle counter 燃料棒束计数器fuel burn out 烧毁fuel burnup 燃料燃耗fuel cell 燃料电池fuel channel 燃料通道fuel charge 装料fuel cladding temperature meter 燃料包壳温度计fuel cluster 核燃料组件fuel coating 燃料涂层fuel compact 燃料密实体fuel configuration 燃料排列fuel consumption 燃料消耗量fuel control 燃料控制fuel coolant interaction 燃料冷却剂相互酌fuel cooling installation 燃料冷却装置fuel core 燃料元件芯体fuel cost 燃料成本fuel cycle cost 核燃料循环成本fuel cycle facility 核燃料循环设施fuel cycle flow diagram 燃料循环撂图fuel damage 燃料损伤fuel densification 燃料密集fuel depletion 燃料贫化fuel doubling time 燃料倍增时间fuel economy 燃料经济fuel element can 燃料元件包壳fuel element converter 燃料元件转换器fuel element failure instrumentation 燃料元件探伤仪组fuel element hanger rod 燃料元件悬挂棒fuel element rupture detection 燃料元件破损探测fuel element rupture detector 燃料元件破损探测器fuel element storage well 燃料贮存井fuel enrichment 燃料增浓fuel enthalpy 燃料热焓fuel exchange 换装燃料fuel fabrication 燃料制备fuel fabrication facility 燃料元件制造设备fuel fabrication plant 燃料制备厂fuel failure 燃料破坏fuel fission 燃料分裂fuel handling 燃料装卸fuel handling machine 换料机fuel handling system 燃料装卸系统fuel inventory 燃料装载量fuel irradiation level 比燃耗fuel kernel 燃料元件芯体fuel lifetime 燃料寿命fuel loading 装料fuel make up 燃料补充fuel management 燃料治理fuel pellet 燃料芯块fuel pellet injection 燃料芯块注入fuel pencil 燃料元件细棒fuel pin 燃料元件细棒fuel plate 燃料板fuel pool cooling and filtering system 燃料池冷却和过滤系统fuel process cell 燃料处理热室fuel processing installation 燃料处理设备fuel processing waste 燃料加工废物fuel recording system 燃料记录系统fuel recovery process 燃料回收过程fuel recycle facility 燃料再循环装置fuel refabrication 燃料再制备fuel refreshment 燃料补充fuel relocation effect 燃料再配置效应fuel reprocessing 燃料后处理fuel reprocessing cell 燃料后处理室fuel reprocessing project proposed by enea 欧洲原子能机构提议的燃料后处理计划fuel rod 燃料棒fuel rod analysis program 燃料棒分析程序fuel rod analysis program steady state 燃料棒分析程序稳态fuel rod analysis program transient 燃料棒分析程序瞬变过程fuel rod coating 燃料棒涂层fuel rod lattice 燃料棒栅格fuel rod leak detection 燃料棒漏处检测fuel rod shoot out accident 燃料棒弹出事故fuel rod vibration 燃料棒振动fuel section 燃料区fuel sheath failure 燃料包壳破损fuel slab 燃料板fuel slug 燃料短棒fuel sodium interaction 燃料钠相互酌fuel solution 燃料溶液fuel stick 燃料棒fuel storage bay 燃料储存库fuel storage capacity 燃料储存容量fuel storage cell 燃料储存室fuel subassembly 燃料分组件fuel to moderator ratio 燃料慢化剂比fuel transfer pond 燃料转运池fuel transfer port 燃料转送口fuel tube 燃料管fuel unloading machine 卸料机fuelling 装料fuelling machine tv monitor 换料机电视监视器fuels technology center 燃料工艺学中心full core reserve 一炉料备用full neutron flux 满中子通量full scale fusion power plant 实际规模的聚变发电站full scope safeguards agreement 全面核监督协定full size 实物尺度full width at half maximum 半高全宽full width at one tenth of maximum 十分之一最大峰值处的全宽度fully contained explosion 全封闭式爆炸fully enriched uranium 高浓缩铀fully ionized plasma 完全电离等离子体fully protective tube housing 完全保护管外壳fully reflected reactor 全反射层反应堆fume chamber 通风柜fume cupboard 通风柜fume hood 通风柜function 函数function test of liver by radioisotopes 依放射性同位素肝机能检查fundamental 基波fundamental field particle 场量子fundamental frequency 基频fundamental harmonic 基波fundamental oscillation 基本振荡fundamental unit 基本单位fundamental vibration 基本振荡fundamental wave 基波funnel 漏斗furnace 炉furnace gas 炉气fuse 保险丝fused salt electrolysis 熔盐电解fused salt extraction 熔盐萃取fused salt reactor 熔盐反应堆fusible alloy 易熔合金fusing point 熔点fusion 核聚变fusion bomb 热核弹fusion breeder reactor 聚变增殖反应堆fusion core 聚变反应堆芯fusion device at lawrence radiation laboratory 劳伦斯辐射研究所的核聚变装置fusion energy 聚变能量fusion energy conversion 聚变能转换fusion energy research facility 聚变能研究装置fusion energy resource 聚变能源fusion engineering research facility 聚变工程研究设施fusion fission hybrid reactor 聚变裂变混合反应堆fusion fission reaction 聚变裂变反应fusion fuel 聚变燃料fusion fuel consumption 聚变燃料消耗量fusion fuel facility 聚变燃料设施fusion heat 聚变热fusion hybrid breeder reactor 聚变混合增殖反应堆fusion nuclear power plant 热核电站fusion nucleus 聚变核fusion of hydrogen 氢聚变fusion physics 聚变物理学fusion plasma 聚变等离子体fusion plasma analysis 聚变等离子体分析fusion point 聚变温度fusion power 聚变能量fusion power reactor 聚变动力反应堆fusion process 聚变过程fusion product 聚变产物fusion reaction 热核反应fusion reactor 热核反应堆fusion reactor system 聚变反应堆系统fusion technology 聚变技术fusion temperature 聚变温度fusion test reactor 聚变试验反应堆fusion weapon 聚变武器fusion yield 核聚变产额future source of energy 未来能源g factor 朗德因子g factor of atom or electron 原子或电子的g因子g factor of nucleus 核的g因子g m counter 盖革弥勒计数管g value g 值g yield g 值gadolinite 硅铍钇矿gadolinium 钆gadolinium poison 钆毒物gage 检验测定仪器gain 放大系数gain control 放大第gain factor 转换系数gallery 巷道galling 摩擦磨蚀gallium 镓galvanometer 检疗galvanoscope 验电流gamma 光量子gamma absorber 射线吸收体gamma absorptiometry 射线吸收测定法gamma absorption 射线吸收gamma absorption analysis 射线吸收分析gamma active 放射性的gamma activity 放射性gamma and flux reactor physics computer code 反应堆物理和中子通量计算机代码gamma background 射线本底gamma backscatter gage 射线反散射测量计gamma backscatter thickness meter 射线反散射厚度计gamma burst 射线爆丛gamma camera 照相机gamma cascade 级联射线gamma coincident beta spectrum 与符合的谱gamma compensated ion chamber 补偿电离室gamma compensation 补偿gamma constant 特珍线常数gamma contamination indicator 射线沾染指示器gamma counter 射线计数管gamma cross section 量子相互酌截面gamma decay 衰变gamma defectoscope 探伤仪gamma defectoscopy 探伤法gamma disintegration 衰变gamma dose detector system 剂量探测系统gamma dosimetry 射线剂量测定法gamma electric cell 电池gamma emitter 辐射体gamma excited x ray fluorimeter 射线激发x光荧光仪gamma field 射线圃gamma fission 裂变gamma flux 通量gamma flux density 通量密度gamma flux density indicator 通量密度指示器gamma flux density meter 通量密度计gamma flux density monitor 通量密度监测器gamma gamma coincidence pulse counting assembly 符合脉冲计数装置gamma gamma logging 测井gamma heating 射线加热gamma induced ionization 射线诱发电离gamma induced reaction 射线诱发核反应gamma intensity 射线强度gamma irradiation 辐照gamma isomer 同质异能素gamma leakage peak 射线泄漏谱峰gamma leakage spectrum 射线泄漏谱gamma meter 射线强度计gamma neutron logging 中子测井gamma phase 相gamma plutonium 相钚gamma pulse counting assembly 脉冲计数装置gamma quantum 光量子gamma radiation 射线gamma radiator 辐射体gamma radiography 照相术gamma ray 光量子gamma ray and neutron detector 射线和中子探测器gamma ray astronomy 射线天文学gamma ray capsule 射线源盒gamma ray culture 辐射场gamma ray defectoscope 射线探伤仪gamma ray density meter 射线密度计gamma ray detector 射线探测器gamma ray dosimeter 射线剂量计gamma ray emission 射线发射gamma ray level meter 射线液位计gamma ray logging 射线测井gamma ray material testing 探伤法gamma ray materiology 探伤法gamma ray meter 射线强度计gamma ray photon 光量子gamma ray scintillation spectrometer 射线闪烁能谱仪gamma ray shield 射线屏蔽层gamma ray source 射线源gamma ray source container 射线源容器gamma ray source strength 射线源强度gamma ray sterilization 射线灭菌gamma ray teletherapy 射线远距治疗gamma ray therapy 射线治疗gamma ray thickness gage 射线厚度计gamma scanning 扫描gamma space 相空间gamma spectrometer 射线能谱仪gamma spectrometry 能谱测量gamma spectroscopy 谱学gamma spectrum 能谱gamma transition probability 跃迁几率gamma uranium 相铀gammagraphy 射线照相法gamow factor 穿透几率gamow teller selection rules 伽莫夫泰勒选择定则gamow teller transition 伽莫夫泰勒跃迁gangue 脉石gap 间隙gas 气体gas activity meter 气体放射性测量计gas amplification 气体放大gas amplification factor 气体放大系数gas analysis 气体分析gas analyzer 气体分析器gas bearings 气膜轴承gas betatron 气体电子感应加速器gas blanket 气层gas blower 瓦斯送风机gas centrifugation 气体离心gas centrifuge 气体离心机gas centrifuge enrichment plant 气体离心浓缩厂gas centrifuge method 气体离心法gas centrifuge plant 气体离心分离厂gas chromatographic analysis 气相色谱分析gas chromatographic detector 气相色谱探测器gas chromatography 气相色谱法gas circulation 气体循环gas circulator 循环风机gas clean up 气体净化gas constant 气体常数gas coolant 气体冷却剂gas cooled breeder reactor 气冷增殖堆gas cooled fast breeder reactor 气冷快中子增殖反应堆gas cooled fast reactor 气冷快堆gas cooled graphite moderated reactor 气冷石墨慢化堆gas cooled reactor 气冷反应堆gas cooled reactor experiment 实验气冷反应堆gas cooler 气体冷却器gas cooling 气体冷却gas core 气体堆芯gas counter 气体计数管gas cycle reactor 气体循环反应堆gas diffusion process 气体扩散法gas discharge 气体放电gas filled 充气的gas filled counter 充气计数管gas filled radiation detector 充气式辐射探测器gas filled rectifier tube 充气整淋gas fission product 气态裂变产物gas fission product monitor 气体裂变产物监测器gas flow counter 柳型计数管gas flow ionization chamber 柳型电离室gas flow neutron density measuring assembly 柳型中子密度测量装置gas generator 气体发生器煤气发生炉gas graphite reactor 气冷石墨慢化堆gas ion 气体离子gas laser 气体激光器gas liquid chromatography 气液色谱法gas magnification 气体放大gas manometer 气体压力计gas mass spectrometry 气体质谱测定法gas metal arc welding 气体金属电弧焊gas meter 气量计gas monitor 气体监测器gas multiplication 气体放大gas permeability 气体渗透率gas phase radioassay 气相放射性分析gas producer 气体发生器煤气发生炉gas proportional counter 气体正比计数器gas proportional scintillation counter 气体正比闪烁计数器gas pump 气泵gas purge system 气体净化系统gas recombiner 气体复合器gas sampler 气体取样器gas scintillation counter 气体闪烁计数管gas scrubbing 涤气过程gas separator 气体分离器gas solid chromatography 气固色谱法gas sparging 气体鼓泡搅拌gas target 气体靶gas tight 不漏气的gas tight casing 气密外壳gas washer 气体洗涤器gas waste 气体废物gaseous barrier diffusion 气体多孔膜扩散gaseous decay product 气体衰变产物gaseous diffusion 气体扩散gaseous diffusion method 气体扩散法gaseous diffusion plant 气体扩散工厂gaseous effluent 废气gaseous ion 气体离子gaseous phase radiochromatograph 气相辐射色谱仪gaseous pollutant 气态污染物gaseous product 气体产物gaseous waste 气体废物gaseous waste disposal 气体废物处理gasification 气化gasometer 气量计gasotron 充气整淋gate 门电路gate circuit 门电路gate monitor 门口监测器gate valve 制水阀gating 选通gating circuit 门电路gauge 检验测定仪器。
西门子Solid Edge模拟软件说明说明书
SummarySiemens Solid Edge® Simulation software is an easy-to-use, built-in finite element analysis (FEA) tool that enables design engineers to digitally validate part and assembly designs within the Solid Edge environment. Based on proven Simcenter Femap™ finite element modeling tech-nology, Solid Edge Simulation signifi-cantly reduces the need for physicalprototypes, reducing material and testing costs, while saving design time.For use by design engineersSolid Edge Simulation uses the same underlying geometry and user interface as all Solid Edge applications. It’s easy enough for any Solid Edge user with a fundamental understanding of FEA prin-ciples, yet robust enough to service almost any analysis need. By enabling engineers to perform their own simula-tion, more analysis can be performed in less time — improving quality, reducing material costs and minimizing the need for physical prototypes — without incurring the high costs of outsourced analysis. The layout of the user inter-face is designed to guide the user through the entire analysis process, with help available if needed, which makes it easy to learn initially, andrevisit if necessary./en/solutions/products/simulationBenefits• Innovate more by experimenting with designs virtually • Optimize material usage and minimize product weight • Reduce the need for costly prototypes with virtual testing • Get products to market faster with reduced physical testing • Reduce recalls by finding out if products fail before it reaches the customer • Execute redesigns faster with synchronous technology Features• Embedded finite element analysis for design engineers • Automatic finite element model creation with optional manual override • Realistic operating environment modeling with full complement of loads and constraint definitions • Evaluate designs for deformation, stress, resonant frequencies, buck-ling, heat transfer thermal stress and vibration response • Ability to maintain loads and con-straints during model changesSolid Edge SimulationEmbedded finite element analysis for design engineersSolid Edge SimulationFeatures continued• Import fluid pressure and tempera-ture results from Simcenter FLOEFD for Solid Edge • Embedded advanced motion simulationAutomatic finite element model creationSolid Edge Simulation supports solid meshes (using tetrahedral elements), two-dimensional shell element meshes on mid-surfaced sheet structures, hybrid models that contain both 2D shell and 3D solid elements, as well as 1D beam elements for frame structures. Users can create and refine finite ele-ment meshes where required to improve accuracy of results.A mesh size slider bar that makes ele-ment size adjustments to the overall finite element mesh is available with additional control of the number of ele-ments on individual edges and faces. With Solid Edge Simulation, you can leverage a mapped mesh capability to take advantage of certain geometry topologies and create a more orderly and well-shaped mesh. In addition, the mesh size will automatically adjust to accommodate detailed model features. You can fine-tune the mesh with man-ual edge and face element sizing to generate an efficient simulation model that will deliver accurate results. Prior to creating the finite element model, you can prepare and simplify the geom-etry model quickly and easily with syn-chronous technology and its ability to make history-free model changes. Solid Edge synchronous technology combines the speed and simplicity of direct mod-eling with the flexibility and control of parametric design.Full complement of load and constraint definitionsSolid Edge Simulation provides allboundary condition definitions needed to define realistic operating environ-ments. The constraints are geometry-based and include fixed, pinned, norotation, symmetric and cylindrical vari-ations. The loads are also geometry-based and include mechanical as well as temperature loading for thermal analy-ses. Mechanical loads include forces, pressures and effects caused by body rotation and gravity. Solid Edge Simulation facilitates load and con-straint applications with Quick Bar input options and handles for direction and orientation definition.Analyzing assembliesAssembly model components can quickly be connected, and interaction can be a glued connection between components or surface contacts based on an iterative linear solution.Contact between components can be detected automatically, or connectors can be defined individually through man-ual face selection. Assembly materials and properties can be applied manually, selected from a material library or inher-ited from the geometry model by default. The included Simcenter™ Nastran® solver assures realistic assembly/component interaction to facilitate robust solutions.Solid Edge Simulation offers complete control of the management of geome-tries in a simulation study. Components can easily be suppressed or removed from a study to maximize efficiency, improving user experience.Analysis typesUsing the industry-standard Simcenter Nastran solver, Solid Edge Simulation delivers structural simulation results, such as deformation, stress and strain, etc. caused by a static loading, finding the natural frequencies of vibration or determining buckling loads of a design. Both steady and transient heat transfer analysis validate cooling performance by evaluating the temperature distribu-tion of the model. In addition, the cou-pled thermal and structural analysis can be applied to determine thermal effects to the structural stress/strain.Fluid pressure and temperature results can be imported from Simcenter FLOEFD™ for Solid Edge as structural loads for analysis. FLOEFD for Solid Edge delivers the industry’s leading computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis tool for fluid flow and heat transfer. Integration between the two simulation solutions is seamless and easy, as both are fully embedded in the Solid Edge environment.Harmonic response analysis, dynamic response analysis in frequency domain, is also available to simulate the actual vibration level. Re-use of finite element model loads and constraints is as easy as dragging and dropping from one study to another.Designs in motionWith dynamic motion simulation, Solid Edge Simulation allows you to evaluate and visualize how parts will interact in an assembly. The easy-to-use solution simulates how a product will perform throughout its operational cycle, allow-ing you to see how it would function in the real world and measure the forces and loads on the design.Solid Edge Simulation offers you the ability to create motion models from existing Solid Edge assemblies.Mechanical joints can easily be created by either automatically converting them from assembly constraints, or by using the intuitive builder which walks you through the process step-by-step. Motion characteristics can then be added, including motors, actuators, gravity, realistic contact between bod-ies, springs, friction, damping and other generated forces as needed.Additionally, motion results, such as forces, can be utilized as load condi-tions for structural simulation.Scalable solutions for every user Powerful, scalable solution offerings allow you to select the best simulation tools for your individual requirements.Result evaluationSolid Edge Simulation allows you to inter-pret and understand the resulting model behavior quickly with comprehensive graphical result viewing tools. Simulation results can be displayed in various forms, including color and contour plots, which can be continuous, displayed as distinct contour bands or by element and dis-placement and mode shapes that can be animated. Minimum/maximum stress markers and a probe tool with results dis-plays are also available. The probe toolcan select nodes, faces and edges.With Solid Edge Simulation’s compre-hensive results evaluation functionality, you can quickly identify problem areas for potential design revision and gener-ate HTML reports of simulation model information and final results. Design updatesWith Solid Edge Simulation, you can quickly and easily make any required design update during post analysis. History-free, feature-based modelchanges with synchronous technologysignificantly accelerates the model+1 314 264 8499 © 2020 Siemens. A list of relevant Siemens trademarks can be found here . Other trademarks belong to their respective owners.78032-C9 6/20 Mrefinement process. In addition, Solid Edge Simulation maintains associativity between the CAD and finite element models, while making sure that applied loads and constraints are maintained for all geometry model changes.Analysis scalabilitySimulation functionality scales fromapplication to individual parts to analysis of large assemblies, all the way to Femap with Nastran, thereby enabling you to define and analyze complete systems. This complete line of products provides a scalable upgrade path for users who need to solve more challenging engi-neering problems. Complete geometry and finite element models with bound-ary conditions and results can be seam-lessly transferred from Solid Edge to Femap, where more advanced analyses can be employed if desired.Extending valueSolid Edge is a portfolio of affordable, easy to deploy, maintain and use soft-ware tools that advance all aspects of the product development process -- mechanical and electrical design, simu-lation, manufacturing, technicaldocumentation, data management and cloud-based collaboration. Minimum system configuration • Windows 10 Enterprise orProfessional (64-bit only) version 1809 or later • 16 GB RAM • 65K colors• Screen resolution: 1920 x 1080• 8.5 GB of disk space required for installation。
珠江虎门河口近二十年来的水沙特性变化及地貌动力分析
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52.张越美.孙英兰ECOM模式在丁字湾的应用[期刊论文]-青岛海洋大学学报(自然科学版) 2001(5)
53.张越美.孙英兰渤海湾三维变动边界潮流数值模拟[期刊论文]-青岛海洋大学学报(自然科学版) 2002(3)
森林地上生物量遥感估算研究进展
森林地上生物量遥感估算研究进展一、本文概述Overview of this article随着全球生态环境问题的日益突出，对森林地上生物量的准确估算已成为生态学、林学和地球科学等领域的研究热点。
森林地上生物量是指森林生态系统中乔木层、灌木层、草本层等所有地上部分的生物量总和，其估算对于理解森林生态系统的碳循环、能量流动以及生物多样性保护等方面具有重要意义。
遥感技术以其高效、快速、无损的特点，在森林地上生物量估算中发挥了越来越重要的作用。
本文旨在对森林地上生物量遥感估算的研究进展进行全面梳理和评价，以期为未来的研究提供借鉴和参考。
With the increasingly prominent global ecological and environmental issues, accurate estimation of forest aboveground biomass has become a research hotspot in fields such as ecology, forestry, and earth science. Forest aboveground biomass refers to the total biomass of all aboveground parts of a forest ecosystem, including the tree layer, shrub layer, and herbaceous layer. Its estimation is ofgreat significance for understanding the carbon cycle, energy flow, and biodiversity conservation of forest ecosystems. Remote sensing technology has played an increasingly important role in estimating aboveground biomass in forests due to its efficient, fast, and non-destructive characteristics. This article aims to comprehensively review and evaluate the research progress of remote sensing estimation of forest aboveground biomass, in order to provide reference and inspiration for future research.文章首先回顾了遥感技术在森林地上生物量估算中的应用历程，分析了不同遥感数据源和方法在生物量估算中的优缺点。
湖南省邵阳市邵东市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期第二次月考英语试题
湖南省邵阳市邵东市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期第二次月考英语试题一、阅读理解Investment CompetitionAbout the CompetitionThe Wharton Global High School Investment Competition is a free, online investment simulation (模拟) for high school students(9th to 12th grade)and teachers. Students work in teams of four to seven, guided by a teacher as their advisor (顾问). Together, they learn about teamwork, communication, risk, companies and industry analysis and many other important aspects of investing.Teams examine a brief case study featuring a potential client and are tasked with working closely to meet that client’s long term investment goals. Equipped with an approved stock list and the Wharton Investment Simulator (WInS), which allows them to simulate (模拟) stock trading, students develop an investment strategy, analyze sectors and companies, and build a portfolio (投资组合) using $ 100 ,000 in virtual cash provided by WInS over the course of 10 weeks. Winners are selected on the strength of their team strategies, not on the growth of their portfolios.Results Final reports are reviewed by a team of judges, who select 50 semi-finalist teams. Those teams are invited to present their strategies to a panel of expert judges at the virtual semifinals. The top 10 teams from the semifinals move on to the final of the competition, the Global Finale, at Wharton in Philadelphia.Please RememberOnce advisors register for the competition, they will receive a confirmation email with instructions to set up their student team accounts on WInS, our trading platform. Student team accounts must be set up no later than September 20, 2023. In order to complete the registration form, advisors will need to:•Choose the username and password for their advisor accounts.•Provide their school-issued email address, as well as a back-up email address where all competition communications will be sent.1．What’s the function of WInS?A．Offering virtual cash.B．Studying some brief cases.C．Making people win business.D．Understanding clients’ requirements. 2．What can we know about the Global Finale?A．All final reports must be delivered to it.B．It’s the highest level of the competition.C．It’s a final graded by clients’ opinions.D．About fifty teams can participate in it.3．What should advisors do after registering for the competition?A．Send a confirmation email to judges.B．Guide students to create their own accounts.C．Ensure team members are from the same school.D．Build the student team accounts on the specific platform.In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vividdescription of the purest of Central Asian traditions.4．What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?A．His friends' invitation.B．His interest in the country.C．His love for teaching.D．His desire to regain health.5．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?A．Developing a serious mental disease.B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.6．Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?A．Romantic.B．Eventful.C．Pleasant.D．Dangerous. 7．What is the purpose of this text?A．To introduce a book.B．To explain a cultural phenomenon.C．To remember a writer.D．To recommend a travel destination.The launch of a tool to record a vanishing Greek dialect drew attention back this week to one of the great extinctions of the modern world: nine languages are believed to be disappearing every year. Romeyka, which is spoken by an ageing population of a few thousand people in the mountain villages near Turkey’s Black Sea coast, separated from modern Greek thousands of years ago. It has no written form. For linguists, it is a“ living bridge” to the ancient Greek world, the loss of which would clearly be a blow.But some languages are in even bigger trouble, with 350 that have fewer than 50 native speakers and 46 that have just one. A cooperation between Australian and British institutions paints the situation in distinct colours, with a language stripes chart, devised to illustrate the accelerating decline in each decade between 1700 and today. Its authors predict that between 50% and 90% of the world’s 7,000 languages will be extinct by 2150. Even now, half of the people on the planet speak just 24 of them.The history of languages has always been linked to colonialism (殖民主义) and political persecution (迫害), which scatter populations as well as controlling them. The Endangered Languages Alliance (ELA) has tracked down and mapped hundreds of dying languages in NewYork, which is an unexpected discovery. These dialects are supposed to be found in remote rural areas. Among ELA’s more shocking discoveries is that, of 700 surviving speakers of Seke, which originated in a cluster of mountain villages in Nepal, more than 150 can be traced to two apartment buildings in Brooklyn district of New York.From Sami reindeer herders across the Arctic to Australia’s Indigenous (土著的) peoples, the ways in which people express themselves hide secret messages about ancient ways of living in nature. Both a will and a way are needed if they are to survive. By simply honouring their existence, linguists play an important role. Ken Hale, an activist who is strongly for preserving endangered languages famously argued that losing any language was “like dropping a bomb on the Louvre”.8．What does “Romeyka” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A．An extinct ancient Greek language.B．A language with very few written words.C．A disappearing dialect related to ancient Greek.D．A popular dialect loved by the young generation.9．Why are the numbers used in Paragraph 2?A．To show the importance of the dialects.B．To conclude the diversity of the dialects.C．To explain different ways to protect dialects.D．To illustrate the tendency of fast dying dialects.10．What can we infer from Paragraph 3?A．Seke is a place in the mountains of Nepal.B．People assume fewer dialects exist in big cities.C．Nepal and New York were twin cities many years ago.D．ELA is not surprised to trace an original Nepal dialect to Brooklyn.11．What does Ken Hale’s quote mean?A．The extinction of a dialect is a great loss.B．Bombing Louver is a disaster to any language.C．Ancient ways of living are kept secret in Louvre.D．Languages are to survive simply by honoring them.In the threatening trouble of climate change, growing commercial crops on solar farms is a potentially efficient use of agricultural land that can both increase commercial food production and improve solar panel performance and longevity(寿命), according to a new Cornell research.“We now have, for the first time, a physics-based tool to estimate the costs and benefits of co-locating solar panels and commercial agriculture in terms of increased power conversion efficiency and solar-panel longevity, ” said lead author Henry Williams, a doctoral student in Cornell Engineering.“There is potential for agrivoltaic (农业光伏) systems-where agriculture and solar panels coexist-to provide increased passive cooling through taller panel heights, more reflective ground cover and higher evapotranspiration (蒸散) rates compared to traditional solar farms,” said Max Zhang, professor in the Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, “We can generate renewable electricity and conserve farmland through agrivoltaic systems.” In New York, for example, about 40% of solar farm capacity has been developed on agricultural lands, while about 84% of land suitable for solar development is agricultural, according to a previous research study from Zhang’s group.The engineers showed that solar panels mounted over vegetation reveal surface temperature drops compared to those built over bare ground. Solar panels were mounted 4 meters above a cotton crop and the solar panels showed temperature reductions by up to 10 degrees Celsius, compared with those mounted a half-meter above bare soil.“As you decrease the solar panel operating temperature, you can increase efficiency and improve the longevity of your solar panels, ” said Williams, “We’re showing double benefits. On one hand, you have food production for farmers, and on the other hand, we’ve shown improved longevity and improved conversion efficiency for solar developers.”“Up to this point, most of the benefits from agrivoltaic systems have been around areas with abundant sunshine, ” said Zhang, “This research is taking a step toward evaluating the application of agrivoltaics in climates representative of the Northeastern U. S. in relaxing the land-use competition it faces.”12．What does the new Cornell research convey?A．Growing commercial crops can relieve climate change.B．It’s costly to improve solar panel performance and longevity.C．Commercial agriculture can increase power conversion efficiency.D．The coexistence of solar panels and commercial crops is mutually beneficial.13．Why does the author list the figures in paragraph 3?A．To show the promising future of agrivoltaics.B．To indicate the lack of solar farms in New York.C．To tell agricultural lands are based on solar farms.D．To demonstrate agricultural farms are more developed.14．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A．The Northeastern US is rich in agricultural lands.B．Hot climate zones are ideal for developing agrivoltaics.C．The research made a breakthrough in land-use competition.D．The application of agrivoltaics in Northeastern US proved practical.15．Which is a suitable title for the text?A．Approaches to Tackling World Climate ChangeB．Methods of Increasing Agricultural ProductionC．Agrivoltaics Have Been Well Received in the USD．Growing Crops at Solar Farms Generates Higher EfficiencySETTING A GOAL OF PAINTINGYou’ll find that having a clear goal when you go out painting will make you a better painter, faster. 16 The goals are as follows.Explore an area. 17 . When in Scotland for the first time, I didn’t know what to paint. So, rather than making finished paintings, I focused on just sketching (素描) the things that were new to me. It’s a relaxing approach to painting, and it helps you get familiar with a strange land.18 . It’s like exploring, but with more focus. On my Scotland trip, I became fond ofa beautiful, ancient stone bridge and knew I wanted to make a big painting of it when I got home. I collected color studies in gouache (水粉画), pencil sketches and photos. Once home, where I had all the tools and materials ready, I was able to create that larger work.Work on a skill or problem. This is usually a workshop goal, but you can do it on your own.If you don’t understand color temperature, consider making color studies in different temperature.19 : Is it true that white in shadow is darker than black in light? See for yourself by observing and painting such a situation.Create a finished painting. This can be a difficult task compared to the others. You have to be at the top of your game, employing good design, good color and good edge treatment. I usually do this for open-air contests or when I’m practicing for one. Many artists, however, often enjoy bringing a painting fully to completion at the scene. 20A．Have a good tripB．Gather reference materialsC．Before this you’d better make a planD．This is what I do if I’m in unfamiliar areaE．Or you may have a question you want to answerF．It takes experience, time and energy and plenty of coffeeG．Consider having one of four simple goals before heading out二、完形填空As a first-generation Asian immigrant (移民) who had grown up in poverty, I knew I was beyond 21 to be admitted into Harvard. I loved books, but it never crossed my mind to become a(n) 22 of any sort. I didn’t 23 to have unrealistic dreams.Still, something 24 me. My deskmate had 25 our friendship recently. There wasn’t a dramatic fight or disagreement. He had 26 moved on to new friends. I felt an ache in my chest that 27 night. I started doodling (涂鸦) on my notepad and then, suddenly, my hand started writing words. I’d written a poem about him. There on the page was the truth about how much it hurt to 28 him.That tiny poem was a 29 that rooted in my heart. I realized I could possibly become a writer and from that moment on, it was all I 30 to do. So I changed my field of study to English. I 31 my first short stories while I was still a student. I went on to write my first novel, Girl in Translation, which became an international 32 and is taught in schools around the world.That night, I learned that art isn’t a 33 . It’s at the core of what makes us human. Although I’d believed that immigrants couldn’t afford to be 34 , I understood then that we had always been the ultimate artists, 35 ourselves again and again as we try to adapt to a new landscape.21．A．innocent B．fortunate C．dependent D．voluntary 22．A．surgeon B．lawyer C．artist D．engineer 23．A．expect B．regret C．agree D．refuse 24．A．bothered B．inspired C．interested D．satisfied 25．A．adapted to B．shown off C．broken off D．referred to 26．A．unwillingly B．cautiously C．helplessly D．simply 27．A．fancy B．peaceful C．happy D．lonely 28．A．marry B．upset C．lose D．desert 29．A．romance B．seed C．secret D．shadow 30．A．hesitated B．resolved C．declined D．pretended 31．A．bought B．borrowed C．priced D．published 32．A．gap B．effort C．challenge D．bestseller 33．A．necessity B．luxury C．game D．reality 34．A．practical B．reliable C．energetic D．creative 35．A．rescuing B．recreating C．recovering D．relaxing三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Adjustment of N and K values in a darc film
专利名称：Adjustment of N and K values in a darc film 发明人：Zhi-Cherng Lu,Chi-Chun Chen,Chang Weng 申请号：US10081985申请日：20020221公开号：US20030211755A1公开日：20031113专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：CVD dielectric materials are generally preferred for anti-reflection coatings because their optical properties can be varied both by controlling composition and by suitable surface treatment. In prior art films of this type it can be difficult to control both the refractive index and the extinction coefficient simultaneously. The present invention shows how optical properties can be tailored to meet a range of predetermined values by depositing each dielectric anti-reflection coating as a series of sub-coatings. After each sub-coating has been deposited it is subjected to surface treatment through exposure to a gaseous plasma, thereby forming an interface layer which provides a wider window for fine tuning RI and K values. Generally the finished film will comprise 3-5 of these sub-coatings. Software simulation is used to determine the precise composition for each sub-layer as well as the optical properties of the DARC film. In-situ or off-line measurements of each sub-layer can also be used as a feedback tool to guide conditions for deposition of the next sub-layer.申请人：TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY更多信息请下载全文后查看。
纳米水杯能飞的英语作文
纳米水杯能飞的英语作文The Rise of Nanotech-Infused Hydrokinetic Propulsion: Unveiling the Flight Capabilities of Nano H2O Vessels.The realm of nanotechnology has witnessed a groundbreaking synergy with hydrokinetics, birthing a transformative innovation – the nano-water cup, capable of defying gravity and soaring through the skies. This novel technology harnesses the principles of nanotechnology to manipulate water molecules, enabling these diminutive vessels to generate thrust and achieve flight.Delving into the Nanoworld: The Foundation of Hydrodynamic Propulsion.At the nanoscale, the world of atoms and molecules takes on a new dimension. Water, a ubiquitous substance on Earth, exhibits unique properties when scaled down to the nano level. Nano-sized water clusters, consisting of a few hundred to a few thousand water molecules, behavedistinctly from their macroscopic counterparts. These clusters possess enhanced surface tension and lower vapor pressure, endowing them with remarkable stability and resistance to evaporation.Harnessing the Power of Electrohydrodynamics.The nano-water cup harnesses the principles of electrohydrodynamics, a branch of physics that explores the interaction between electric fields and fluids. By applying a high voltage to the water inside the cup, an electric field is created. This field exerts a force on the water molecules, causing them to polarize and align themselves along the field lines.Generating Thrust: The Electrospray Effect in Action.The polarized water molecules experience a strong electrostatic force towards the oppositely charged electrode. This force overcomes the surface tension of the water, causing it to form a fine mist of charged droplets. This phenomenon is known as the electrospray effect.The electrospray process generates tiny but powerful jets of water droplets. These jets, propelled by the electrostatic forces, provide the necessary thrust for the nano-water cup to ascend into the air. By manipulating the voltage and electrode configuration, the direction and magnitude of the thrust can be precisely controlled.Overcoming Gravitational Constraints: The Role of Hydrodynamic Lift.While electrospray propulsion provides the initiallift-off force, sustaining flight requires an additional mechanism. The nano-water cup employs hydrodynamic lift, a phenomenon that generates an upward force as a fluid flows over a curved surface.As the nano-water cup moves through the air, the water droplets expelled by the electrospray effect create a thin layer of water vapor around the vessel. This water vapor layer acts as a cushion, reducing air resistance and creating a pressure gradient. The higher pressure below thecup compared to above generates an upward hydrodynamic lift force, counteracting gravity and keeping the cup afloat.Precision Maneuvers: Electrostatic Control in Three Dimensions.The electrostatic forces generated within the nano-water cup not only provide thrust but also enable precise maneuverability. By altering the voltage and electrode configuration, the direction and intensity of the electrostatic field can be dynamically adjusted. Thisallows for controlled changes in the thrust vector,enabling the cup to ascend, descend, hover, or change direction seamlessly.Environmental Sustainability: A Green Propulsion System.Unlike conventional propulsion systems that rely onfossil fuels, the nano-water cup operates on electricity. This eliminates the emission of greenhouse gases and other pollutants, making it an environmentally friendly mode of aerial transportation. Additionally, the water used in thecup is continuously recirculated, minimizing water consumption and waste.Applications: Unlocking a World of Possibilities.The flight capabilities of nano-water cups open up a vast array of applications across diverse sectors. From precision agriculture to aerial inspection, these vessels offer unique advantages:Precision agriculture: Nano-water cups can be equipped with sensors to monitor crop health, soil moisture, and environmental conditions. The ability to hover and maneuver precisely enables targeted delivery of nutrients and pesticides, reducing waste and environmental impact.Aerial inspection: Nano-water cups can be used to inspect infrastructure such as bridges, wind turbines, and pipelines. Their ability to navigate confined spaces and capture high-resolution images makes them ideal for detecting defects and ensuring safety.Search and rescue: The small size and maneuverabilityof nano-water cups make them suitable for search and rescue operations in disaster zones. They can quickly access areas inaccessible to larger vehicles and deliver supplies or evacuate survivors.Microscopic exploration: The ability of nano-watercups to operate at the nanoscale opens up new frontiers in scientific research. They can be used to study the behavior of fluids and particles at the molecular level, advancing our understanding of fundamental physical processes.Conclusion: A New Era of Aerial Navigation.The advent of nanotech-infused hydrokinetic propulsion has propelled us into a new era of aerial navigation. Nano-water cups, defying the constraints of gravity, herald a transformative technology with the potential torevolutionize industries, advance scientific research, and shape the future of transportation. As we continue to explore the possibilities of this groundbreaking innovation,the skies hold endless possibilities for these diminutive yet extraordinary vessels.。