(原创精品)2013年普通高考英语科语法知识网络 专题06动词时态和语态

He has learned English for six years.
They have worked here since they left college.
3.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”。
有人告诉我他准备回家。
2. would do(表示过去的习惯)总是,总会,常常
He would sit silent for hours.
他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着。
2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较
将来时
用法
例句
1
be + doing进行时表将来
go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作
3.容易混淆的时态比较
项目
区别
例句
一般过去时与现在完成时的比较
现在完成时强调过去动作对现在产生的影响或造成的结果
We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her?
A. was happening B. happensC. has happenedD. happened
2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行
They were still working when I left.
3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生
I was writing while he was watching TV.
4.表示过去将来动作
He said she was arriving the next day.
I’ll go there afteห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ I finish my work.
If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.
3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
现在进行时与过去进行时的比较
现在进行时表示现在某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作
I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary _______.
A. just help out; comes B. have just helped out; will come
说明：didn’t know强调见面前不知道
I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住)
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较
着重表示动作的结果时，用现在完成时
I have read that book.我读过那本书了。（知道那本书的内容）
着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则用现在完成进行时
中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。不能说：He has joined the army for three years.
要翻译“他已参军已经三年了。”可采用
①“ago法”
He joined the army three years ago.
②“延续法”
He has been in the army for three years.
(只说明他过去当过木匠不涉及到现在)
一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态
Hello, I ____ you were inLondon. How long _________ here?
A. don’t know; were you B. hadn’t known; are you
C. haven’t known; areD. didn’t know; have you been
说明：说话者强调Jane目前的状况.
Mr. Lee, who ________ as a carpenter for over 10 years, is now a very famous statesman in this country.
A. has workedB. had workedC. workedD. works
过去完成进行时
had been doing
表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，还将继续下去。
一般将来时
will/shall do
is/am/are going to do
is/am/are（about）to do
一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况
（详见下面2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较）
③“since法”
It is/has been three years since he joined the army.
过去完成时
had done
1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。
He had shut the door before the dog came up.
Everything had been all right up till this morning.
He is moving to the south.
Are they leaving forEurope?
2
be about to +动词原形
表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语
I was about to leave when the bell rang.
The meeting is about to close.
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.
从明天起他要做老师。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday.
这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。
3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。
TheChangjiangRiveris flowing into the east.
— Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______.
A. I’m not noticing.B. I wasn’t noticing.
C. I haven’t noticed. D. I don’t notice.
说明：对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情.
一般过去时与过去进行时的比较
说明：slip和notice为同时发生的动作，因此B、C为错误选项，slipped指过去有结果的动作（他溜进去了），when no one was noticing指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况（没有人注意）。
过去进行时表示某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作
.He ______ a book aboutChinalast year, but I don’t know if he ______ it.
Here she comes.她来了。
一般过去时
did,(连系动词was/were)
表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。
现在进行时
is/am/are doing
1.表示正在进行的动作。
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。
She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。
长江江水滚滚向东流。
The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。
过去进行时
was/were doing
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）
He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到
另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。
At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.
He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.
3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的
过去将来时
would/should do
was/were going to do
was/were（about）to do
1.相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态
He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。
I was told that he was going to return home.
C. am just helping out; comesD. will just help out; has come
说明：指目前一段时间正在发生的动作, until引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现在时。
过去进行时表示某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作
— Hey, look where you are going!
A.wrote; has finishedB. was writing; has finished
—Hi,Tracy, you look tired.
—I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted
C. have been paintingD. have painted
说明：强调动作从过去到现在的延续
3
be to +动词原形