2018届金山区高考英语一模
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案已经校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit(公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American bench mark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. Itwould stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterKeys:63-66: C D B ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Bec ause of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look asthough the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityernmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what cont ributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeKeys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to fin d out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs o f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the onlyapproach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavities.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Keys: 60-62 DCBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________.A. arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations.B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences.C. recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices.D. advocating the use of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for other imports.64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC ____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in the US.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily help other units. Keys:63-66 BDCDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenthcentury, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupin gs. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls,giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A. demonstrate Linna eus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with lit tle modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemKEYS: 63-66 DDABSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Nellie Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon Law" in France, but the idea has been copied in man y countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultly in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessary take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields lo defend.63. Neville Alexander believes that?A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. The underlined word “futile” (i n paragraph 2) most probably means “”.A. workableB. practicalC. uselessD. unnecessary65. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection effortsdescribed in the passage?A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.B. They want their language to spread to other countries.C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.D. It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and educationB. Many sheets of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.KEYS: 63-66 D C C BSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need in built intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problemB. Expert crisisC. High costD. Customer interactions64. What can not be interred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.。
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编----语法填空--学生版(已校对)
Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to deal with Whiners（抱怨不停的人）?There are always some people radiating negativity in the work place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always a fool, the canteen food is awful, and they (21) ______ (treat) unfairly.Career experts say such habitual complainers are highly contagious(会蔓延的) , (22) ______ attitude can easily affect an entire team in a company. ―While s ome complaints might be reasonable, (23) ______ are taken from thin air. You need to see between these different types and adopt the right strategy towards each,‖ said Li Ming, HR manager at Wal-Mart (China).It is especially hard to deal with complaints at work (24) ______ you can‘t just walk away or put your colleagues‘ words out of mind. If you do, it will hurt your co-workers and you might be isolated. In a team-based company you belong to a group and need to behave accordingly. But don‘t show too much sympathy. Listening passively to others‘ complaints could damage your image and give others the impression (25) ______ you agree with them. ―Listen to the whiners actively,‖ said HR Li. ―Help them find a solution, or see (26) ______ there are ways to impr ove the situation.‖Zhai Min, 24, a software engineer at Kingdee International Software Group in Shenzhen, found that 3 elderly workers liked to complain about everything, from (27) ______ (extend) working hours to cheap hotels on business trips. ―I let them talk about their opinions,‖ she said, ―They feel better when (28) ______ (tell) someone how they want things to be.‖But listening actively is far from enough. Wang Dianxue, 27, is an Internet engineer at Beijing Push Marcom Group. His co-workers always complain that their computer systems are not working properly. ―I ask about the specifics and work together with them (29) ______ (fix) everything technically.‖ he said.HR managers believe that when staffs complain, it is more a matter of recognition than an actual problem. ―The real problem is that the whiners don‘t feel they are being taken seriously,‖ said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd. ―(30) ______ (give) them advice or perspectives attentively and the problem will usually di sappear.‖Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelersto TravelAfter 15 people died during Easter in 1967, the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign ‗Welcome to the mountains, but be responsible‘. Fjellvettreglene, the ‗mountain code‘(21) ______ encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature, has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture. It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment (22) ______ (assist) yourself and others, seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally, Norway (23) ______ (experience) an 11% increase in tourism in the past decade. From just 1,000 tourists in the whole of 2010, Trolltunga, a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain, (24) ______ (see) 1,800 visitors in one 2017 day alone. Why? Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook. A lot don‘t care about the experience of the hike. They just want proof (25) ______ they did it.But, while good for the economy, this tourism boom has become a threat (26) ______ Norway‘s natural environment.Used toilet paper, (27) ______ (abandon) tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike, Norway‘s leading hiking group, Friluftsliv, also has called for regulations on the number oftourists (28) ______ (hike) to Trolltunga. Lasse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said, ―On a busy day, you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just to get a picture. To control this, we‘d like to regulate (29) ______ _____ people can hike in a day. Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don‘t start too late and find (30) ______ stuck up here.‖Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneur (创业者). She won the 2015Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence, (21) _____recognizes innovative business solutions to social problems— the same recognition given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causingexcitement internationally (22)_______their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype(原型) for a flashlight (23)_______(power ) by the heat of one‘s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, but Makosinski‘ goal was (24)________(offer) a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity.― I‘m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school (25)_________ she couldn‘t afford electricity. She had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration,‖Makosinski explained.―I‘ve always been interested in doing sc ience projects, so I thought, why don‘t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people with light?‖The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when one side (26)______（heat）and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beam of LED light for 20 minutes, (27)______（use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators? ― Start now. There (28)________be nothing holding you back. Some students at colleges or even in high scho ol think ‗ Oh, I‘m a student. I just need to study.‘ (29)________may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot of other things. You can do (30)_______you want. Just go ahead.‖II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Developing Competent TeachingNations that have greatly improved their students‘achievements, such as Finland, Korea, Singapore, and others, attribute much of their success to their focused investments in teacher preparation and development. (21) (Create) a system that can routinely hire and prepare teachers effectively and can support successful teaching is the arena (竞技场) in which the United States (22) (fall) behind the most. Although there are some great teachers in every community, the landscape of the supports for quality teaching looks like Swiss cheese. In some states, the holes are smaller, and in others they are bigger. Nor in no case is there a fully (23) (develop) system of instructional support even remotely comparable to that in high-achieving nations. And of course, as we have seen, the system is the weakest in communities (24) students‘ needs are greatest.Some have argued that the answer to weak teaching in the United States id to eliminate ―barriers‖ to teaching, such as teacher education and certification requirements, allow anyone who wants to teach into the classroom, and fire those who prove not to be effective. Although the interest in teaching effectiveness is important, this approach does not offer strategy (25) (ensure) thatteachers will have opportunities to gain the knowledge and skills they need in order to be effective, or that all schools will have the resources to attract and hire the best teachers. (26) does it protect the students in low-income schools, who will be the victims of unprepared and inexperienced teachers in the years until these teachers have demonstrated their incapability and left the field.A regulation (27) (focus) on easy access and easy firing ignores the question of how to develop widespread teaching skills and ensure a strong supply of highly able teachers for schools.(28) such supply, principals will be unable to hire strong teachers even if they are free to hire whomever they are pleased with, and, evidence shows that schools are likely to fire weak teachers, (29) they feel they won‘t be able to replace them. Even if they do, there is little guarantee that the quality of teaching (30) (improve). although there are good reasons to argue for stringer evaluation practices for removing incapable teachers and for recognizing excellent ones, a theory that the major problems with teaching can be solved by carrots and sticks alone leaves the development of teaching abilities to chance.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21)_______(hide) secrets in themasterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a deadgrasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh‘s Olive Trees, when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spot ted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work‘s lower foreground. ―(23)_______(look) at the painting with the microscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.―We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he‘s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What‘s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25)_______ the insect landed in the paint.‖Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26)_______(far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27)_______(examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect‘s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ it som ehow landed on the artist‘s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30)_______ they can spot the dead insect.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blankHonesty, my mum always used to tell me, is the best policy. But when it comes to medicine, I had assumed it was important to always be honest with my patients. After all, the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential, or so I thought.I had just started working in geriatrics(老年病科). Mr. McMahon（21）in when his body was found very swollen（浮肿的）. I took a medical history （22）his daughter who had accompanied him in the ambulance. She'd been his main career for years. I stood （23）(look) at him as she gave a detailed history. "Has he lost any weight recently?" I asked, "Well, it's funny you should mention that, but yes." She said slowly. There was silence for a few moments. "Why? What are you worried about?" she asked. She was obviously very involved in his care and it was only fair that I told (24) the truth. "Well, we need to prove it's not cancer." I said and talked briefly about some of the tests I was going to order.Half an hour later, a nurse called me: "Mr. McMahon's daughter broke down－she said you told her he had cancer." My heart sank. By the time I arrived at the ward, my consultant was already there, explaining that we still had to run lots of tests and that it was by no means confirmed (25) he had cancer. I stood silently at the end of the bed. My consultant was obviously angry with me and as we left Mr. McMahon, she turned to me. "Why on earth did you do that?" she asked in disbelief. I looked at her and bit my lip. "She asked me what I was worried about and I told her." I said, hanging my head. "And give her more (26) (worry) about?" replied my consultant. "You don't say the word 'cancer' until it's confirmed. (27)you suspect it, think very carefully before you tell people."(28) it turned out, it wasn't cancer. But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their loved one they're sometimes selective in (29) they hear－and as a doctor it's important to be mindful of this. In being truthful, I'd made the situation (30) (bad).II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Different background shouldn‘t mean less education. Fifty years ago, in a primary school classroom, two boys aged 11 took an examination called the 11-plus,(21)______would make decisions about the rest of their lives. Paul passed and went to a ―grammar school‖. Baz failed the examination and went to a ―secondary modern school‖. They did not see each other again for years.Many grammar schools(22)______(establish) hundreds of years ago to teach the Latin language to children who were not from rich families. They encouraged students to study (23)______they were 18 and then to go to university. Secondary modern school students left at 16, usually with fewer qualifications than grammar school students. Baz says the secondary modem school had(24)______(few)resources and the quality of teaching was not as good.Things have changed. In the 1960s and the 1970s ―comprehensive schools‖were created. Today, 90 percent children aged 11 to 16 from the same area to the same school without(25)______(take) any entry examination.The British often disagrees about the best way(26)______(educate) their children. Many people say that comprehensive schools help more children to succeed because they provide everybody(27)______similar opportunities in a fairer way. Another view, though, is that more intelligent children, especially(28)______from poor homes are better supported at grammar schools. Now, the government plans to open new grammar schools(29)______ ______almost two million children will go to the same type of school that Paul attended.And Paul and Baz? Aged 60, they met again and compared (30)______had happened to them. After university, Paul qualified as a teacher. Baz went to work in a factory at 16 and later became an engineer. In fact, Baz had a much higher salary than Paul--so perhaps life is fair after all.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Today, Mandatory(强制的) recycling is a hard sell in the United States, where the economy runs largely along free market lines and the current landfilling waste remains inexpensive and efficient.Plain and simple, recycling still costs more than landfilling in most places. This fact, (21)______(couple) with the disappearance of the so-called ―landfill crisis‖ of the mid-1990s,means that recycling has not caught on, which runs (22)______ some environmentalists‘ wishes.However, many cities have found ways to recycle economically. They have cut costs by automating sorting and processing. They‘ve also found profitable markets for the recyclables(可回收物) (23)______ cast-off items are acceptable or even welcome. Increased efforts by green groups (24)______(educate) the public about the benefits of recycling have also helped.(25)______ ______ ______ uneconomical recycling seems to some people, some cities, such as Pittsburgh, San Diego and Seattle, have made recycling mandatory. In these cities, recyclables are banned from both household and business garbage. Families (26)______ recycle all basic recyclables, such as paper, cardboard, glass and plastic. To businesses with garbage containers ―polluted‖ with more than 10 recyclables，warnings (27)______(issue). If they fail to take action, fines are expected.New York, a national leader on recycling, decided to stop its least cost-effective recycling programs (plastic and glass) in 2002. But rising landfill costs ate up the $39 million savings expected.As a result, the city brought back plastic and glass recycling and committed to a 20-year contract with a recycling firm, Hugo Neu Corporation, which built the (28)______(advanced) recycling facility in the country.The company focuses on (29)______could cut costs. Automation hasstreamlined the sorting process, and easy access to rail has cut both the environmental and transportation costs. The new deal and new facility have made recycling efficient for the city and its residents,(30)______(show) once and for all that responsibly-run recycling programs can actually save money, landfill space and the environment.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Star Giraffe Finally Gives BirthApril, a giraffe who became an Internet star after her pregnancy was broadcast online, has finally given birth, ending months of excitement for her audience.The live broadcast from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, the State of New York, began during the winter. (21) drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after the period (22) _____ _____ April was expected to give birth had gone. Others became frustrated, questioning (23)she was really pregnant.Finally, (24)_____ April was pacing in her pen (畜栏) on April 15, two hooves (蹄) began to appear. After a few hours, a newly-born giraffe was lying on the floor, (25)_____ (look) around confusedly. The calf (幼崽) tried to stand a few times but (26)_____ not. An hour later, it was (27)_____ its feet, walking around carefully. A spokesman for the animal park said the calf was a boy. ―After months of pregnancy, both mom and calf are doing fine,‖ said Jordan, the owner of Animal Adventure Park.People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April (28)_____ (draw) will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years.Fortunately, there are already signs (29)_____ April‘s fame is breathing new life into the area. Dozens of families recently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving, only (30)_____ (find) it closed for the winter. A nearby hotel has booked more than 100 reservations for a package that includes admission to the park when it reopens in May.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Recreational Vehicles (房车): On the RoadRecreational vehicles (RVs) are a typically American invention. Nationally, sales rose to 430,000 units last year, a 40-year high. At the inexpensive end, they sell for as little as $5,000 for a caravan (大篷车); deluxe versions cost up to $1,000,000 and are typically equipped with a bedroom,kitchen and bathroom that are bigger than ones in many European flats. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-manufacturer in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, (21)_ (rise) by 43% and 17%, respectively so far.That is a big change. During the 2008-09 recession, notes Mr. Troiano, the owner of Continental R V, R V dealerships everywhere closed down, leaving his shop among the very few (22)(leave) servingtheNewY orkmetropolitanarea. Mr. Troianoisontrack(23) (sell) more RVs this year than in any other since the early 2000s. The current rebound ( 反弹) ismostly(24) the economy‘s recovery, but it also springs from the fact that new typesof customer are embracing thelifestyle.A decade ago, the average age of an RV-owner was 49, and over 90% were white, says Kevin Broom of the Recreational V ehicle Industry Association (RVIA), which doesn‘t indicate a brightfuture. Another boost comes from sufficient immigrants,(25)are keen toexperiencelong, self-planned road trips in America. Mr. Troiano‘s most recent big sale wasto(26)richAsian family.The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales — last year less than 1% of R Vs produced domestically (27)(ship) to foreign markets —may improve, too. China‘sgovernment, for example, has planned to build 2,000 campgrounds by 2020, up from an estimated 300 today, in a bid to promote domestic tourism, particularly to remote rural regions. Chinese firms such as Y utong Bus make RVs, but not of the quality that many Chinese want. The country imported 1,000 vehicles last year, over half of themAmerican.R V manufacturers are also marketing theconcept(28)their motor homescanbe commercial as well as leisure vehicles.They(29)allow travelling salesmen,businessmento save on food and hotelcosts. (30)you park it, it can be your office, as well as yourhome.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.At first glance, these impressive images look like moment captured by a talented photographer. But you cannot always believe what you see. These pictures, with their incredible photographic details, are in fact the creations (21)_______ (draw) by Scottish hyper-realist Paul Cadden.With often nothing more than a pencil in hand, the 47-year-old artist produces elaborate drawings that could easily (22)______ (mistake) for the work of any modern digital camera. From the wrinkles on a woman‘s face and beads of water, to a breath of smoke from a cigarette, Cadeenis able to capture (23)______ (complicated) features of his subjects in such painstaking detail that the images look astonishingly real.Cadden said he began drawing at a very young age and has always been interested in art. With some experience in animation and graphic design, he moves into hyper-realism (24)______ he has a special gift for capturing details.His creations reflect his love for details, with a single image (25)______ (take) up to six weeks to produce. Working with pencil, graphite and white chalk, Cadden is able to create seven poster-size pieces a year, (26)_____ sell for up to $5,000 each.The artist explained that he does not want people to focus completely on the techniques involved in his pieces. ―I want them to think about the work and (27)_______ I‘m actually drawing,‖ he said, ―Iprefer to study the internal aspect of the subject (28)______ _______ focus solely on the external part.‖Now, Cadden is planning to take his pieces to more foreign countries, and to hold exhibitions in China, Cuba and Brazil. He hopes to get established enough(29)______ (make) a living from his work. ―I want to be doing lots of exhibitions in five years‘ time. To have a successful solo show is a long-cherished dream of mine,‖he said. ―It‘s such a fantastic feeling (30）______ somebody buys your paintings and you know the paintings are sitting somewhere in their houses.‖II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.One of my (21) ________ (memorable) vacations took place on a farm.When I was a boy, my parents and I traveled from New York City to the Pennsylvania countryside for a weeklong taste of rural life. We stayed in a guesthouse on a farm, (22) ________ (join) in the daily routines and eating meals with the farmer and his family. We got up early to seethe cows as they (23) ________ (milk). I even tried my hand at milking one, and then joined the farmer as he released the cows into the field afterward.Decades later I still have vivid memories of that trip and of experiencing a lifestyle so different (24) ________ my own. It made me realize the value of a vacation.To this day, I wonder (25) ________ that farmer ever managed to enjoy a vacation of his own. There is never a day when the animals don‘t need to be fed. But I still think of that family trip when I plan my approach to taking time off with my wife and kids. Vacations are a time for resting and connecting. As a bank manager, I spend much of my workday encouraging my customers to save their money. One of the reasons I give is that we should all have enough for a family vacation every year. In our busy lives, family is what we (26)________ be saving our money and time for.For my family, our vacation starts when we begin planning the trip. We talk about destinations and our budget ahead of time. Among the things we discuss: Can we save money by renting a house instead of spending six nights in a hotel? Would it be better (27) ________ (buy) groceries and cook for ourselves rather than eat out every night?(28) ________ (involve) the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they have a great vacation too. I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim. So I build in some relaxation time for us all (29) ________ ________ the vacation can work for everyone.Each year, setting aside vacation time to spend together is especially important to us. This is the one week a year I don‘t care whether my kids clean their room or do the dishes. (30) ________ matters that week is that everyone is having a great timeSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.。
金山英语高考一模试卷
一、听力部分（共25小题，每小题1.5分，满分37.5分）Section A1. W: Hi, John! Are you ready for the English exam?M: Yes, I think so. I've studied hard for it.Q: What are they talking about?2. W: The weather is so hot today. Do you think we should take an umbrella?M: No, I don't think it will rain.Q: What does the man mean?3. W: I can't find my book. Do you know where it is?M: I think you left it on the table.Q: What is the woman looking for?4. W: How do you like your new job?M: It's interesting, but it's also challenging.Q: What does the man think about his new job?5. W: Have you seen my brother? He's not home yet.M: Yes, I saw him at the supermarket.Q: Where did the man see the woman's brother?Section B6. W: Can you help me with my homework?M: Sure, I can help you with it.Q: What does the man mean?7. W: I think I'll go to the gym after school.M: That's a good idea. It will help you stay healthy.Q: What does the man suggest?8. W: I can't find my phone. Do you know where it is?M: I think you left it in your bag.Q: What is the woman looking for?9. W: How was your vacation?M: It was great. I went to the beach and had a lot of fun.Q: What did the man do during his vacation?10. W: I'm going to study abroad next year.M: That's amazing. I wish I could do the same.Q: What does the man think about the woman's plan?二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）passage 1Last year, my family decided to go on a trip to the Great Wall of China. It was my first time visiting such a famous place, and I was excited to see it with my own eyes.We arrived at the Great Wall early in the morning. The sun was rising, and the sky was filled with beautiful colors. As we walked along the wall, we could see the mountains in the distance. The view was breathtaking.The Great Wall is an amazing engineering achievement. It's said that it took thousands of workers and many years to build. We learned a lot about the history and culture of China from our guide.I was amazed by the length and height of the wall. It's so big that it can be seen from space! We also visited a watchtower, where we could see the wall from above. It was an unforgettable experience.passage 2The Internet has become an integral part of our lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and do business. However, with great power comes great responsibility.One of the most significant advantages of the Internet is the ease of communication. We can now connect with people from all over the world in seconds. This has greatly facilitated global cooperation and understanding.Another advantage is the access to a vast amount of information. With just a few clicks, we can find information on any topic. This has made learning and research much more efficient.However, the Internet also has its drawbacks. One of the biggest issues is cyberbullying. Many people use the anonymity of the Internet to harass and intimidate others. This can have severe consequences on the mental health of the victims.Another problem is the spread of misinformation. With the ease of sharing information, it's difficult to discern between fact and fiction. This can lead to confusion and even panic.In conclusion, the Internet is a powerful tool that can bring many benefits. However, we must be responsible users and ensure that we use it for good purposes.passage 3Exercise is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. It not only improves physical fitness but also has numerous mental health benefits.Regular exercise can help reduce stress levels. When we exercise, our bodies release endorphins, which are natural mood lifters. This can help us feel more relaxed and happy.Exercise also helps improve our cognitive function. Studies have shown that regular physical activity can enhance memory, attention, and problem-solving skills. This is especially important for students who need to stay focused and productive.In addition to the mental health benefits, exercise is crucial for maintaining physical health. It can help prevent chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Regular exercise also strengthens bones and muscles, making us more resistant to injuries.However, it's important to choose the right type of exercise for our needs. Some people prefer cardio exercises, while others enjoy strength training or yoga. It's essential to find an activity that we enjoy and can stick to.In conclusion, exercise is a vital component of a healthy lifestyle. By incorporating regular physical activity into our daily routines, we can improve our overall well-being.三、完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）Many people believe that happiness is a goal to be achieved. However, happiness is not something that can be obtained through external means. Instead, it is an internal state that we can cultivate.The first step to cultivating happiness is to focus on the present moment. Often, we are too concerned about the future or regretting the past. By living in the present, we can appreciate the beauty of life and find joy in the small things.Another important aspect of happiness is gratitude. We often take for granted the things we have in life. By expressing gratitude, we can acknowledge the blessings we receive and appreciate them more.Additionally, practicing kindness and helping others can also contribute to our happiness. When we help others, we feel a sense of fulfillment and purpose. This can improve our self-esteem and overall well-being.However, happiness is not always easy to achieve. We may face challenges and setbacks along the way. It's important to be resilient and maintain a positive mindset. By embracing difficulties as opportunities for growth, we can learn and improve ourselves.In conclusion, happiness is a state of mind that we can cultivate through mindfulness, gratitude, kindness, and resilience. By focusing onthe present, appreciating what we have, and helping others, we can create a life filled with joy and fulfillment.四、写作部分（共1题，满分25分）Write an essay of about 150 words on the following topic: The Importance of Environmental Protection.In recent years, environmental protection has become a global concern. The rapid development of technology and industrialization has led to serious environmental problems, such as air and water pollution, deforestation, and climate change. As a result, it is crucial for us to take immediate action to protect our environment.Firstly, environmental protection is essential for the survival of our planet. The natural resources on Earth are finite, and if we continue to exploit them without consideration, we may face severe consequences, such as natural disasters and the loss of biodiversity.Secondly, environmental protection is closely related to our health and well-being. Air and water pollution can cause various diseases, leading to a decline in our quality of life. Therefore, we need to take responsibility for our actions and strive to reduce pollution.Lastly, environmental protection is a shared responsibility. It requires the cooperation and participation of individuals, governments, and organizations. By working together, we can create a sustainable and healthy environment for future generations.In conclusion, environmental protection is of great importance. We should all take action to protect our planet and ensure a better future for ourselves and our descendants.。
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解C篇--学生版(已校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit(公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American bench mark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. Itwould stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterKeys:63-66: C D B ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Bec ause of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look asthough the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityernmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what cont ributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeKeys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to fin d out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs o f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods achild eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavities.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Keys: 60-62 DCBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________.A. arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations.B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences.C. recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices.D. advocating the use of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for other imports.64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC ____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in the US.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily help other units. Keys:63-66 BDCDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupin gs. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A. demonstrate Linna eus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with lit tle modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemKEYS: 63-66 DDABSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the faceof globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Nellie Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon Law" in France, but the idea has been copied in man y countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultly in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessary take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields lo defend.63. Neville Alexander believes that?A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. The underlined word “futile” (i n paragraph 2) most probably means “”.A. workableB. practicalC. uselessD. unnecessary65. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection effortsdescribed in the passage?A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.B. They want their language to spread to other countries.C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.D. It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and educationB. Many sheets of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.KEYS: 63-66 D C C BSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need in built intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machinelearning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problemB. Expert crisisC. High costD. Customer interactions64. What can not be interred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C.Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D.Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.65. What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this article?A.Data science: A forefront force in tech business.。
英语_2018年上海市金山区中考英语一模试卷(含答案)
2018年上海市金山区中考英语一模试卷二. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false （6分）1. （判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容，符合的用"T"表示，不符合的用"F"表示）（15）． The rilm Born in China was about pandas， Rhinopithecus （金丝猴）and snow leopards（雪豹）．（16）． Snow leopards weigh about 15to 80kilograms when theygrow up．（17）． Their grey fur with black spots helps them hide among forestssafely．（18）． They usually go hunting in the daytime and have a rest in the darkness．（19）． They're in danger because the climate is changing and the people are hunting them blindly．（20）． The passage mainly introduces the rilm Born in China to us and asks us to protect animals．二．Choose the best answer （选择最恰当的答案）：（共20分）2. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others？（）A cont a ctB m a nageC c a ptainD esc a pe3. The government is trying to take action to help ______ poor all over the country．（）A aB anC theD /4. Several thieves broke ______ the bank and stole the safe last night．（）A intoB downC outD off5. The tour guide happened to meet a huge fierce monster ______ Mystery Island．（）A inB onC atD by6. After I graduate from the senior high school， my father will buy ______ a computer．（）A meB myC mineD myself7. Because of the snowstorm， they had to stay there for ______ week．（）A anotherB otherC othersD the other8. It's easy to find a nice hotel in Shanghai because we have ______ of them here．（）A fewB littleC manyD much9. Alice completed the maths test much ______ than her deskmate yesterday．（）A carefullyB more carefullyC most carefullyD the most carefully10. Sometimes my daughter seems ______， but in fact she feels a little sad．（）A happilyB unhappilyC happinessD happy11. We will achieve good marks ______ we keep working hard．（）A even ifB so thatC as long asD instead of12. The tree in front of my house ______since my father was born．（）A existsB existedC has existedD had existed13. The comedy film Never Say Die ______ to theatres on September 30， 2017．（）A comesB has comeC would comeD came14. The 16th China Daily National English Speaking Competition ______ soon．（）A will holdB is heldC be heldD will be held15. The students plan to spend at least three weeks ______ for the art festival．（）A prepareB to prepareC preparingD will prepare16. All the factories are not allowed ______ the harmful gas into the air．（）A releasedB releaseC releasingD to release17. ______ attracts so many young Chinese high school students to study abroad？（）A WhenB WhatC WhyD How18. This notebook ______ be Tom's． Look at his name on the cover．（）A mustB needC canD can't19. ______ amazing China's high﹣speed Fuxing Trains are!（）A WhatB HowC WhataD What an20. ﹣ I'm really pleased with the progress you're showing this month．﹣ ______（）A Are you kidding？B Thank you．C Don't mention itD That's not true．21. ﹣ Would you mind waiting for me a moment？ I have to finish this task．﹣ ______（）A Sorry． I'll catch the last trainB Never mind．C It's my pleasure．D You're welcome．三. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once. （将下列单词或词组填入空格．每空限填一词，每词只能填一次）（共8分）22.As we all know， China has four great inventions in ancient times．Nowadays， China has "new four great inventions"： high﹣speed railways， electronic payments， shared bicycles and online shopping． They're improving the quality of people's lives． And they are popular among people， especially the young．"My wallet is （46）________in use． I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a tap of my phone． Even pancake sellers are using Alipay （支付宝）． I can also （47）________food at home． It's extremely convenient ""'The bikes themselves are not new， but operating model of bike﹣sharing is new． It is （48）________satellite navigation system， mobile payment， big data and other high technologies． Shared bikes bring cycling back to people's lives． They're making public transport more （49）________and convenient and encouraging people to be more active．"23.Do you know why your hair isn't growing？ Let me share some reasons with you． First，you're not eating well． Hair health isn't just related to （与……有关）the way you take care of your hair itself， it （50）________has something to do with the way you take care of your body， Second， you overheat your hair． Using heat on your hair can weaken and break it． Try using hot tools on your hair only once a week， and （51）________you buy products that allow you to control their heat settings． Third， your hair is overprocessed． If you use a lot of different （52）________on your hair， your hair might beoverprocessed． Fourth， you don't take vitamins． Although vitamins don't always taste great， daily vitamins are actually good for hair growth． Taking a multivitamin daily can be a great （53）________to any diet to help improve the quality of one's hair．四. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子）（共8分）24. It's reported that two________ happened in the town on the same day．（robbery）25. My mother said to my classmates， "Make________ at home， please．" （you）26. This is the________ time for me to see the film Murder on the Orient Express．（two）27. To begin with， some________ ideas for a story are necessary．（base）28. The article will probably be about how to________ comic strips．（product）29. We are going to celebrate the________ of the New Year with a party in a club．（arrive）30. I haven't heard from my pen friend________ ， so I'm a bit worried about her．（recent）31. The teacher asked us who was the first European to________ America．（cover），五. Rewrite the following sentences as required（根据所给要求，改写下列句子．每空格限填一词）（共14分）32. I was taking a walk with my friend this time yesterday．（改为一般疑问句）________ taking a walk with your friend this time yesterday？33. Let's roll up our sleeves to work harder．（改为反意疑问句）Let's roll up our sleeves to work harder，________？34. She tries to improve her memory ________．（对划线部分提问）________ she try to improve her memory？35. We recycle waste paper in order to protect our environment．（改为被动语态）Waste paper________ in order to protect our environment．36. Mary asked her mother， "Does Father Christmas forgive the dishonest kids？" （改为宾语从句）Mary asked her mother________ Father Christmas________ the dishonest kids．37. As we all know， China has entered a new era（时代）．（保持句意基本不变）It's________ that China has entered a new era．38. us， Chinese history， the famous professor， last Sunday， gave， on， a lecture （连词成句）________六. Reading Comprehension （阅读理解）：（共50分）Choose the best answer （根据文章内容，选择最恰当的答案）：（12分）39. I'm very thankful to the cat and it always makes me think of the time I was with him． Five years ago, when my father was dying, I travelled a thousand miles from home to be with him in his last days． I felt very sad and it was one of the most difficult and painful times in my life． After he passed away, I stayed alone in his flat． There were so many things to deal with． I was lonely and I hated the silence of the flat．But one evening the silence was broken: I heard crying outside． I opened the door to find a little cat on the steps． He was thin and poor． He looked the way I felt． I brought him inside and gave him a can of fish． He ate it and then almost immediately fell asleep．The next morning I checked with neighbors and learned that the cat had been left by his owner． His owner had moved out, so the little cat was there all alone, just like I was． As I walked back to the flat, I tried to work out what to do with him． ________． But as soon as I opened the flat door, he ran to me and jumped into my arms． It was clear from that moment that he didn't want to go anywhere． I started calling him Willis in order to remember my father's best friend．From then on, things grew easier． With Willis in my lap, time seemed to pass much faster．When the time finally came for me to return home, I had to decide what to do about Willis． There was absolutely no way I would leave without him．It's been five years since my father died． Over the years, several people have said how nice it was of me to rescue the cat． But I know that we rescued each other． I may have given him a home but he gave me something greater．（1）． The writer felt________ after her father passed away．A happyB lonelyC nervousD relaxed．（2）． As soon as the writer saw the cat， she________．A had pity on himB showed no interest in himC felt very frightenedD felt angry with his crying．（3）． The underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph means that the writer________．A was too busy to keep the cat as a petB was used to staying alone in theflat C needed something to fill my empty flat D needed something to look after to kill time．（4）． The cat rescued the writer by________．A telling her what real life wasB helping her tidy the flat every dayC helping her finish the tasks on timeD making her feel better in her hard times．（5）． According to the passage， which of the following statements is True？________A The cat didn't like staying in the writer's flat．B The writer and the cat were both homeless．C Willis was also the name of the writer's father's friend．D The cat was left by his owner because of an accident．．（6）． What's the best title for the passage？________A A lovely catB My father and a cat．C What I got from a catD How to take care of a cat．六.Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）（12分）40. On a cold and wet night, I had just left a local club to travel home when I lost control of my car． I crashed into a car, then （1）_______a tree． The force was so great that it knocked the parked car several meters forwards． I was badly injured! Even worse, I had no idea that a fire had started under the engine of my car． It then set the tree on fire．A young man was driving behind me． I later found out he was called Jared． He saw the accident happen and （2）_______to help me out of the burning car． He put his own life in danger when he got into the back seat to try to untie my seat belt． This wasn't easy （3）_______I had hit the car on my driver's side and my seat belt was squeezed into the console （操纵台）．With my seat belt untied, Jared then broke the driver's window to drag me out as I had still not regained consciousness （意识）． He （4）_______did this while my car and the tree were burning． After I was woken by the crash, the homeowners came out to investigate． Jared told them to ring （5）_______services． I was rushed to the Royal Adelaide Hospital in a serious condition, five bones broken．I spent a few weeks in hospital and Jared visited me． He also continued to contact me after I returned home． He said he didn't believe that he had done anything （6）_______． On that, I disagreed with him and I was very glad that he didn't get hurt in the process．Today, nearly seven years later, Jared and I still keep in touch and often talk about the events of that night． Jared is my angel and my friend as well．（1）A climbedB cutC hitD burned（2）A failedB stoppedC forgotD hesitated（3）A ifB becauseC afterD unless（4）A bravelyB usuallyC hardlyD mainly（5）A transportB publicC travelD emergency（6）A specialB difficultC creativeD probable七. Fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）（14 分）41.根据短文内容及首字母提示，在句子空白处填入一个恰当的词，使短文内容完整、通顺。
上海市金山区2018届高三英语第一学期期末考试试题上海新世纪版 精品
金山区2018学年第一学期期末考试高三英语试卷（完卷时间： 120分钟满分： 150分）第I卷(共118分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the Shanghai Museum. B. In the store.C. In the tunnel.D. In the taxi.2. A. He asked her to throw away all the old books.B. He asked her to hand in all the old books.C. He asked her to put these books in an orderly way.D. He asked her to take these books near the desk.3. A. The key to the woman’s success.B. The changes on the market.C. The management of the woman’s company.D. How the woman’s company goes on.4. A. When they meet. B. When they say goodbye.C. When they are introduced.D. When they lose their way.5. A. Because they are not the experts on this topic.B. Because the woman and the man are not free on that day.C. Because the preparations of the meeting aren’t fulfilled.D. Because some experts can’t come at that time.6. A. He will finish downloading information.B. He will repair the computer.C. He will finish writing the term paper.D. He will unload some goods.7. A. Teacher and student. B. Singer and audience.C. Boss and clerk.D. Operator and caller.8. A. He made a lecture to the woman and the man.B. He has just graduated from the university.C. He is too shy to speak in the university.D. He used to be very shy, but now he has overcome it.9. A. The boy was raised in a good way. B. The boy became a thief.C. He was confused at the ending.D. He says nothing.10. A. They will be class teachers. B. They will enter different schools.C. They are sorry for their own classes.D. They will be in different classes.Section B PassagesDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In winter. B. In spring. C. In autumn. D. In summer.12. A. 3. B. 4. C. 5 or more. D.1.13. A. This story happened in U.S.A. B. The author must be young, too.C. The young man was a thief.D. The man didn’t follow the author. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A reporter. B. A newspaper.C. A publishing house.D. A telegraph service.15. A. In the late 18th century. B. In the late 19th century.C. In the early 20th century.D. In the early 18th century.16. A. Because they should survive under the pressure of production costs.B. Because they can only accept the big-business methods.C. Because the readers only read some major newspapers.D. Because the newspaper chains are popular these days.Section C Longer ConversationsDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. Each conversation will be read twice. After you hear the conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. A terrible earthquake hit the Pacific Ocean near Northeastern Japan _________the afternoon of March 11, 2018.A. inB. byC. onD. of26. Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between the twins without hurting thefeeling of _________, but failed．A. noneB. eitherC. allD. neither27. Don’t trust such an advertisement on TV. That kind of electronic dictionaryis _________ it says.A. as good asB. not as good asC. as well asD. not as well as28. We didn’t dare to go out of the hotel _________ we ran into anything dangerous.A. in caseB. whereC. so thatD. because29. Peter, a fan of tennis, told me that the Chinese player Li Na _________ the secondgold medal in the Australian Open Tennis Championship in the coffee bar the day before.A. winsB. will winC. would winD. had won30. I _________ the poor little rabbit, but I didn’t have any right drugs with meat that moment.A. could have savedB. had savedC. could saveD. saved31. Each means _________ to solve the problem, but none is effective.A. has been tried outB. have been tried outC. will be tried outD. are tried out32. You can never imagine what great trouble I have _________ this marble in my house.A. foundB. for findingC. findingD. to find33. He is a student at Oxford University, _________ for a degree in computer science.A. studiedB. studyingC. to have studiedD. to be studying34. _________ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystemto recover.A. Even ifB. If onlyC. WhileD. Once35. _________ gets home first is to cook supper for our big family.A. WhoB. WhoeverC. WhomD. Those who36. It was the way he said it rather than what he actually said _________ made meangry.A. whatB. whoC. thatD. whom37. At the end of the program, the students are paid $600 –a way this program differsfrom others, _________ often charge a fee.A. whoB. thatC. theyD. which38. The first black president of the United States of America, Barack Obama, wonthe election in the end, but it remains, of course, _________ whether he can overcome the present difficulties.A. to seeB. seenC. seeingD. to be seen39. Carbon dioxide _________ from burning fuels is the most common of the“greenhouse gases”.A. having been producedB. producingC. to be producedD. produced40. Only when _________ possible to settle the problem among the boy students.A. does the class teacher come will it beB. the class teacher comes will it beC. has the class teacher come it will beD. the class teacher comes it will beSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Reading can be fun, but it can also be time-consuming if your speed is not as fast as you’d like it to be. The 41 reading speed can range from 200 to 350 words per minute, but that speed can vary depending on your reading experience and the 42 you are reading. It’s also impo rtant to understand what you are reading—even when you improve your speed. Here are a few tips to help you become a 43 reader.Adjust your reading speed as you read different materials. Slow down when the material is new to you or you need to understand the material fully. Speed up if you are already 44with the material or you don’t have to understand it completely.Another way to improve your reading speed is to focus on the key words in the sentences. A large amount of reading time is 45 on conjunctions, prepositions, or articles (i.e. a, an, the, but, and, etc.).Talk about what you’ve read. Some readers find that by talking about their reading with friends or fellow students, they are able to understand the material more 46 .Determine a reading schedule that works for you. You may find that you can’t concentrate on the material for more than an hour (or a half hour). Also 47 a time of the day when you are ready to read.Don’t re-read right away; it will slow down your reading speed. If you absolutely don’t understand part of the reading selection, go back and 48 the material later.Find a proper reading place, where interruptions or distractions will notdisturb your reading.Practice. Practice. Practice. The best way to improve your reading speed is to practice reading.Try out some of the above 49 , and then perfect the strategies thatwork best for you.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Some researchers find that less than half of a spoken message’s real meaningis in the words of the message. They say that most of a message’s meaning comesfrom understanding how the speaker uses thing like tone of voice（语调）and 50 language. So people use51 just words to communicate.Body language includes such things as the 52 on the speaker’s face, gestures the speaker 53 with his or her hands, and the positions of the speaker’s body. Just as there are many different languages spoken around the world,there are many 54ways for people to use body language, too. For example, 55 may imply different meanings in different cultures. Making a “thumbs up” sign in Americanmeans “Great!”However, in Arab cultures, this gesture is 56 offensive(攻击性的). And in India, if57 want to show speakers that they understand, the listeners will movetheir heads from side to side. In many Western countries, this means“ 58 ”.59 body language can be used 60 by different cultures,there are also many gestures that are almost used the same way. For example, a smileis understood as a61 of friendship or good will around the world. Also using an open handto gesture toward something is viewed as polite or 62 in most cultures. Another example, if you want to 63 “I am interested in you”or “I like you,”this kind of body language is sometimes used between two people. Usually oneuses the same gesture and turns the body to fully face 64 .50.A. body B. spoken C. English D. deaf51.A. little of B. none of C. more than D. plenty of52.A. eye-sight B. mood C. feeling D.expression53.A. makes B. reads C. works D.communicates54.A. different B. similar C. same D. opposite55.A. eye contacts B. gestures C. looks D. appearances56.A. peacefully B. doubtedly C. extremely D.hardly57.A. listeners B. speakers C. friends D.foreigners58.A. Yes B. No C. O.K. D. Sorry59.A. If B. When C. Although D. Since60.A. similarly B. differently C. definitely D.exactly61.A. sign B. signal C. sigh D. symbol62.A. exciting B. rude C. unfriendly D. friendly63.A. listen B. show C. express D. understand64.A. others B. the other C. the others D.anotherSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )Another cultural aspect of nonverbal communication is one that you might not think about: space. Every person feels himself have a sort of invisible protection surrounding his physical body. When someone comes too close, he feels uncomfortable. When he bumps onto someone, he feels obliged to apologize. But the size of a person’s “comfort zone” depends on his cultural ethnic origin. For example, in casual conversation, many Americans stand about four feet apart. In other words, they like to keep each other “at an arm’s length”. People in Latin or Arab cultures, in contrast, stand very close to each other and touch each other often. If someone from one of those cultures stands too close to an American while in conversation, the Americans may feel uncomfortable and back away.When Americans are talking, they expect others to respond to what they are saying.To Americans, polite conversationalists understand by showing expressions of excitement or dislike, shock or sadness. People with a “poker face”, whose emotions are hidden by a deadpan（无表情的） expression, are looked upon with suspicion. Americans also show their attentiveness in a conversation by raising their eyebrows, nodding, smiling politely and maintaining good eye contact. However, some cultures view direct eye contact as impolite or threatening. Americans see it as a sign of genuineness and honesty. If a person doesn’t look you in the eye, American might say: you should question his motives---or suppose that he doesn’t like you. Yet with all the concern for eye contact, Americans still consider staring---especially at strangers---to be rude.65. What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about _______.A. classification of nonverbal communicationB. the reasons why people should think about spaceC. the relationship between communication and spaceD. some other cultural aspects of nonverbal communication66. How far people keep to each other while talking is closely associated with their_______.A. originB. cultureC. customD. nationality67. When a person from Latin America talks to an Arabian on informal occasions, _______.A. he stands about four feet awayB. “comfort zone” does not existC. keeping close enough is preferredD. communication barriers (障碍) may appear68. In a conversation between friends, Americans regard it as honest and truthfulto _______.A. maintain direct eye contactB. hide emotions with a deadpan expressionC. display excitement or dislike, shock or sadnessD. raise their eyebrows, nod and smile politely( B )69. What will probably happen if you don’t have a temporary credit card number?A. Your credit card will not be accepted online.B. A thief may purchase things in your name.C. You can’t buy products from online merchants.D. Your card issuer will ask you to return your credit card.70. What is NOT TRUE according to the instructions in the passage?A. Contact your credit card issuer to get a temporary credit card number.B. A browser-based system is used to generate temporary credit card number.C. Log on to your Paypal account to reveal your credit card information.D. Log off of the merchant’s website after your order online has been placed.71. Which of the following is probably the title for the passage?A. How to get a credit card from a bankB. How to make your Internet purchase safeC. How to buy products from online merchantsD. How to use the temporary credit card number( C )Psychologists tell us that there are four basic stages that human beings pass through when they enter and live in a new culture.Culture begins with the “honeymoon stage”. This is the period of time whenwe first arrive in which everything about the new culture is strange and exciting. We may be suffering from “jet lag”, but we are thrilled to be in the new environment, seeing new sights, hearing new sounds and language, eating new kinds of food. This honeymoon stage can last for quite a long time, because we feel we are involved in some kind of great adventure.Unfortunately, the second stage of culture shock can be more difficult. After we have settled down into our new life, working or studying, buying groceries, doing laundry, or living with a home-stay family, we can become very tired and begin to miss our homeland and our family, girlfriend/boyfriend, pets. All the little problems that everybody in life has seem to be much bigger and more disturbing when you face them in a foreign culture. This period of cultural adjustment can be very difficult and lead to the new comers rejected (受排挤) or pulled away from the new culture. This “rejection stage” can be quite dangerous because the new comers may develop unhealthy habits (smoking and drinking too much, being too concerned over food or contact with people from the new culture). This stage is considered a crisis in the process of cultural adjustment and many people choose to go back to their homeland or spend all their time with people from their own culture speaking their native language.The third st age of culture shock is called the “adjustment stage”. This is when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. Your sense of humour usually becomes stronger and you realize that you are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. Things are still difficult, but you are now a survivor!72. According to the passage, culture shock happens when we ________.A. reach our teenagersB. move to a big city in our own countryC. go to live in a foreign countryD. meet foreign people for the first time73. All of the following are about the second stage of culture shock EXCEPT________.A. we are homesickB. we feel rejectedC. we want to leave the new cultureD. we successfully adjust ourselves74. The word “thrilled” in Para. 2 most probably means “________”.A. excitedB. hopelessC. disappointedD. helpless75. The fourth stage of culture shock doesn’t appear in the passage, but we canconclude that at that stage we ________.A. become homesick againB. feel comfortable in the new cultureC. find things more difficultD. find the new surrounding unsatisfying Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A.Independence leading to family break-upB.Women’s easy and convenient life in USAC.No marriage for many people nowadaysD.Average American families getting smallE.Full freedom for young womenF.Divorce --- a social problem in USA76.Marriage, like other social instructions, is showing the strains of modern life. While more Americans are getting married today than ever before, the divorce rate is also disturbingly on the rise (one divorce for every three marriages last year). Why should this be so, and what, if anything, can we do to reverse this trend?77.For most people, life is easier and more comfortable than ever before. Convenience foods from the supermarket simplify shopping and cooking. Household appliances like the vacuum cleaner and the washing machine have made housework much easier to do. Released from these household chores, many wives have found jobs outside the home. Women are achieving economic independence.78.Families, too, are simpler today. In America, it is not customary for parents to live with their married children. With our greater mobility, relatives have scattered, the parents retiring to Florida or Arizona and the young people, after they marry, going wherever their jobs or their interests take them.79.Young adult women have new freedom, too. While attending college, they often live away from home, sometimes far from their parents or their relatives. After college, they move to the city, find a job, and set up “bachelor”apartment. This is the era of women’s liberation.80.But all this freedom and affluence had had an unforeseen and in some respects a devastating effect on marriage. Men and women, no longer dependent on each other for food and maintenance, find it harder to accept the responsibilities and restraints or endurance the misunderstandings of married life. When happiness becomes misery, many couples decide too terminate their marriage through divorce. On the other hand, there is a growing trend today for couples in trouble to try to save their marriage by consulting a professional counselor. He listens patiently while they talk, knowing that only through self-understanding can they solve their problems.Section DDirections:Read the following passage and then complete the statements and answer the questions on the answer sheet.The West began to take more notice of the East. The fifth volume of an enormous work re-assessing the Chinese contribution to science and technology is to be published next year. The first volume, which was published twenty years ago, set the tone for the whole work. In it, evidence was given to show that many inventions which, until then, western historians had claimed for Europe, were made first in China. The attempt to rewrite the intellectual history of the world was not received without protest by some respectable historians. However, the evidence that has been presented so far in the first four volumes has persuaded many historians who weredoubtful at first. China’s invention of paper, printing, the magnetic compass and gunpowder has never been quarrelled, but this new history has added advanced bridge design, mechanical clocks, paddle boats and many other inventions to the list.In the four volumes published so far no attempt has been made to explain why China has not kept up with the West in science and technology in modern times. It is probable that the answer is to be found in the social and economic history of China, where an unchanged society under a relatively kind regime（政治制度）of upper classes contrasts with the potentially revolutionary and energetic society of the West at the end of the Middle Ages. In recent years, the Chinese government has been making every effort to catch up with the West again, and there is little doubt that the gap is being reduced year by year. But will China avoid the West’s mistakes? (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)81. So far, how many volumes have been published?_________________________________________________________.82. When was the first volume published?_________________________________________________________.83. The subject of this five-volume work is_______________________________________.84. According to the passage, w hat’s the probable reasons for China not keepingup with the west?_________________________________________________________.第II卷(共45分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．他非常喜欢玩电脑游戏。
金山高考一模英语试卷
一、写作（共25分）1. 请根据以下提示，写一篇短文，不少于100词。
提示：假设你是一名即将参加高考的学生，请你写一封信给你的父母，表达你对他们的感激之情，并说明你将如何回报他们的养育之恩。
2. 请根据以下提示，写一篇短文，不少于100词。
提示：最近，你所在的社区举办了一次环保活动，你作为志愿者参加了此次活动。
请描述一下活动的经过，并谈谈你的感受。
二、听力（共25分）1. 听短文，选择正确答案。
A. The speaker is a teacher.B. The speaker is a student.C. The speaker is a parent.2. 听对话，回答问题。
Q: What is the woman's job?A. A doctor.B. A teacher.C. A nurse.3. 听短文，回答问题。
Q: Why did the man decide to change his job?A. He wanted to earn more money.B. He wanted to work in a better environment.C. He wanted to have more free time.三、阅读理解（共30分）1. 阅读下列文章，回答问题。
文章：In recent years, online shopping has become increasingly popular. Many people prefer shopping online because it is convenient, fast, and cost-effective. However, some people still prefer traditional shopping methods, such as visiting stores or shopping centers. What do you think is the best way to shop?2. 阅读下列文章，回答问题。
2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编----选词填空--学生版(已校对)
Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been cut down by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our 31 , by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid 32 problems in the future.Making ethical （伦理的）decisions is a(n) 33 part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can‘t see the risks we‘re taking, we can‘t make responsible choices. To 34 risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn‘t know the rules about plagiarism(剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as 35 . But the fact that such a violation is ―unintentional‖ does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a 36 .Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they‘re taking by using excuses: ―Everyone else does it,‖ ―I‘m not hurting anyone,‖or ―I really need this grade.‖ Excuses can get very complex: ―I know I‘m looking at another‘s exam, even though I‘m supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that‘s not37 because I‘m just checking my answers, not copying.‖ We must be honest about our actions, and 38 excuses. If we fool ourselves into 39 we‘re not doing anything wrong, we can‘t see the real choice we‘re making--and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or 40 of your actions? If you‘d rather hide your actions, that‘s a good indication that you‘re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthe box.Eachword canonlybe usedonce.Notethatthereis onewordmorethanyouneed.PuppyDogEyesArefortheBenefitsofHumansDogsmakepuppydogeyesforthebenefitofhumansandrarelyusethepleasing facial expressionwhenontheirown,a newstudyhasshown.Ithaslongbeenassumedthatanimalfacialexpressionsareinvoluntaryanddependenton emotionalstateratherthana waytocommunicate.ButscientistsattheUniversity‘s DogCognitionCentreatPortsmouthUniversityhavefound thatdogsmostlyusefacialexpressionswhen humans arepresent,asadirectresponsetoattention. Puppydogeyes,inwhichthe 31israisedtomaketheeyesappearwiderandsadder,was foundtobethe most32used expressioninthestudy.Researchersdonot know whetherthe dogsareawaretheylooksadder,orhavejustlearnedthatwideningtheireyesinvites33and affectioninhum ans.Dogcognition expertDrJuliane Kaminski:―We cannow be 34thattheproduction of facialexpressions madebydogsaredependent ontheattentionstateoftheiraudienceandarenotjustaresultofdogsbeingexcited.‖―Inourstudytheyproducedfarmoreexpressions whensomeonewaswatching,butseeing food35didnothavethesameeffect.‖―Thefindingsappeartosupportevidencedogsare36tohumans‘attentionandthat expressionsare37activeattemptstocommunicate,notsimpleemotionaldisplays.‖The researchersstudied 24dogsofvariousbreeds, agedoneto12.Allwerefamilypets.Eachdogwas tiedbyaleadametreawayfromaperson,andthedogs‘faceswere38throughoutarangeofexchanges,fromthepersonbeingorientedtowardsthedo g,tobeingdistractedandwithher bodyturnedawayfromthedog.They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they ____39____expressions facial. Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs‘expressions have evolved as they were ____40____. ―Domestic dogs have a unique history-they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs‘ ability to communicate with us,‖ she said.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.What is leadership？Its qualities are difficult to define，but they are not so difficult to identify. Leaders don‘t force other people to go along with them. They bring them along. Leaders get trust from others by giving it themselves, by building an environment that __31___ creativity, and by operating with honesty and fairness.Good leaders don‘t work alone. They recognize that an organization‘s strategies for success require the __32___ talents and efforts of members. Leadership is the catalyst(催化剂) for transforming those talents into __33___.Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually looking into the future not stuck in the past. They have a(an)__34___to take responsibility and to innovate. They are not __35___with merely taking care of what has already been there. They want to move forward to create something new.Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as devotion, and speak from experience as well as __36___ of the problems they face and the people they work with.Leaders are __37___ rather than absolute. They believe in unity rather than yielding. And they strive to achieve agreements out of conflict.Leadership is all about getting people __38___ to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leaders make the right things happen when they‘re __39___ to.A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have to have in order to receive. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization, for the work they do, and for their abilities, desires and needs, will find that respect is ___40___. And all concerned will be motivated to work together.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Experts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __31__ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could ―reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __32__ activities such as money laundering(洗钱),‖ Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country toseek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also __33__ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and __34__.Alibaba‘s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can‘t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply __35__ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation‘s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also __36__ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a ―cashless society‖, which caused __37__ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong __38__ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. ―As the economy grows, the __39__ of cash is still very huge,‖ noted Dong.―Also, it‘s important to remember that nearly half of China‘s population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy __40__ brought bythe Internet,‖ Dong said. ―And when it comes to China‘s seniorcitizens，most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,‖ he added.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.How many times have parents had to ague withtheir young son or daughter about getting their face out of their phone and focusing on the world around them? It's completely normal forparents ofgrowingchildren to be concerned about their child's safely, but is their31to social media really harming them.Social media was created to connect people with others online and has recently been added to smartphones, making it fat more accessible than it32was. This new way to easily be able to use social media has encouraged children and teens to begin to use sites such as Facebook, Twitterand Instagram frequently. Maturing teens and children are usually very timid when it comes to___33___with their families, which they sometimes view as"annoying‖. So, what do these kids use as a solution or a(n)― 34"The answer is simple social media.However, when they use social media for a large amount of time, parents lend to show concern for their child and blame social media for35 their attention.The word, "social", was entered into the term, social media, for a reason. Parents of growing teens don't seem to understand that. When they see their child using Twitter or Instagramthey think that they using it to get away from real world 36. The truth, however, is that they are using it to conned with theirclose friends, make new friends, and receive information about what is currently happening in the modem worldChildren and teens are37 accused for using social media only for entertainment purposes and for huge amounts of time. Sure, everyone who uses social media enjoys contacting their friends and viewing entertaining things, but how come children receive all of the38 for abusing it? Parentsshould really think about how social media can help children and teens learn and grow in the real world rather than it just being another39.Social media as a whole has both positive and negative aspects, but after all of the___40___from pre-teens, teens, and parents is put together, it shows that media is actually helping the newer generations in their lives.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There‘s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is ―I need to get rid of this insect, immediately‖, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n)31creature.A tern of scientists from Oxford University in he UK, in32 with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world‘s most33insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects‘34in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn‘t always straightforward.―Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size,35wing beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can 36 the view of their wings,‖ Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a 37 , house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College, the study‘s leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.―We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings38their direction at the end of each half-stroke.‖ he wrote in the study.Hopefully, the discovery of the mosquito‘s special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future. The findings could lead to better aircraft, or even improvement to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be 39 to new developments in more human-focused use.―The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their flight behavior, how they carry disease and40how to stop them from doing so,‖ Walker wrote.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.William Shakespeare came from a modest start, but finished life living in a(n) ___31___ house in Stratford-upon-Avon, with a coat of arms and a series of business investments to his name.So was William Shakespeare a businessman, as well as a writer?Researchers have uncovered information from historical documents that point to Shakespeare being a greedy businessman, anxious to grab every penny whose practices caused ___32___in his lifetime.The academics believe that many of Shakespeare‘s doubtful business dealings have been ___33___ by people‘s romantic view of him as a creative genius who made his money through acting and writing plays. The idea that Shakespeare gave the world such wonderful narratives, language and entertainment makes it uncomfortable to even ___34___ that he was simplymotivated by his own thirst for financial interest.Shakespeare was a grain businessman almost for his life time. He bought and stored grain and then sold it on to his neighbors at high prices.[In the late 16th and early 17th Century a bad weather gripped England. The cold and rain resulted in poor harvests and ___35___ severe lack of food. Referred to as the ‗Little Ice Age‘, the period was the time when thousands of people ___36___ for survival. At that time, Shakespeare was under investigation for tax evasion(逃避) and later charged with storing grain when food was ___37___.One could argue that he did not do this without a conscience and that perhaps this is demonstrated in the way he portrayed one of his famous character Shylock in his play the Merchant of Venice. Many people claim Shylock personifies Shakespeare‘s own self-hatred, who is eventually ___38___ for his greed as a money lender and all that he owns is seized from him. Perhaps with the ___39___ pursuing Shakespeare for his evil dealings during Little Ice Age, Shylock‘s tragic fate was a real fear for Shakespeare.Shakespeare‘s ___40___ funeral monument at Holy Trinity Church was a bag of grain which implied that he prided himself on his role as a grain businessman as well as on his writing. It was not until the 18th century that the bag of grain was replaced by a pillow.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Company Builds W orld’s First Automobile Vending Machine (自动贩卖机) Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world‘s first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It‘s quick,easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years.Their 31 car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they‘ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level. ―Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers‘ cars by merely 32 a special coin,‖ said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) 33 point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling 34 pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they‘re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get 35 toursthat point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the36 of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It‘s a win-win 37 that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead (间接费用), and save customers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great 38 experience – placing an oversized coin in a slot (硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.―Carvana‘s 39 is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience, 40 just how simple and ea sy we‘ve made it to buy a car online,‖ Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Training the Brain to Hear BetterThe din（喧嚣）of a loud restaurant or party can make conversation difficult for anyone－but for the elderly, these settings can make it nearly impossible. The mechanics of hearing31 with age, but the latest research focuses on another part of the problem－the slower32 speed ofagingbrains,whichhavetoworkhardertotranslatesoundintointelligible(可理解的) language.Research shows that musicians are better able to pick out speech from surrounding noise as they age compared to non-musicians．And a new study of auditory training with a 33_ available brain training program suggests that most people who are hard of hearing can develop the same skills．The scientists showed that people trained for 40 hours over 8 weeks with Posit Science‘s ―Brain Fitness‖ were able to pick out 41% more words from background noise compared to those who watched educational DVDs and were quizzed on their 34 after the same amount of time．The authors received no funding from the makers of the program; the study was 35 by the National Institutes ofHealth.The research included 67 older adults between 55 and 70, with an average age of 63．The auditory training came in the form of36hearing tasks that primed the participants to hear better by requiring them to identify various speech sounds and37between similar sounding syllables (音节), for example, as well as repeating back words and remembering stories．Both those who received the training and those who watched the DVDs were tested on short term memory, brain processing speed and the ability to hear speech in noisy settings．All of the participants showed improvement in these three 38, but for the first time, the scientists also documented that the sharper hearing was 39by earlier signaling in thebrainstem.As the authors write in their paper, the training not only improved the ability to decode speech in noisy situations, but also sped up the brain‘s ability to40to the sound — bringing it to mo re ―youthful‘‘ levels．Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedonly once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A large-scale cultural exploration program National Treasure 《国家宝藏》made its first show on CCTV on Sunday night . In the first episode, the Palace Museum in Beijing showcased three treasures.As a ___31___ variety show, the National Treasure aims to showcase the background stories of national treasures and ___32___ various art forms. In the show, "national treasure keepers" acted by famous and common people will present treasures, telling their stories with the collections and interpreting the historical ___33___. The show aims to inspire the ancient Chinese civilization and make the national treasures "come alive".This is not the first time for the Palace Museum in Beijing to be ___34___ welcomed online in China, thanks to its efforts in cultural products and self-promotion in recent years.Last year, the museum ___35___ so much attention because of the huge success of the three-episode TV documentary, Masters in the Forbidden City and a movie with the same name. Over the last few years, the museum has ___36___ 495 signposts and 1,400 new chairs have been provided. In addition, the Palace Museum opened a (an) ___37___ online store on e-commerce platform Taobao, selling related products. It also started their self-promotion through new media, publishing articles to promote the culture of the museum. It ___38___ swept the Internet by its humorous style and interesting content. At the same time, the Palace Museum has published several mobile apps, one of which saw over 200,000 downloads just two weeks after its ___39___ in 2013. Its self-promotion has achieved great results. In 2012, the museum saw 15 million visitors. And it received 16 million visitors last year.The museum is also a popular ___40___ among foreign leaders. For example, US President Donald Trump and his wife visited the Palace Museum on Nov 8.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedonly once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial 31 helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies. So is the face‘s ability to send emotional 32 , whether through a(n) 33 blush or a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility and trust.Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. In America facial recognition is used by churches to 34 worshippers‘ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a(n) 35 outside a football game. In China it verifies the identities of ride-hailing drivers, 36 tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple‘s new iPhone is expected to use it to 37 the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem gradual. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the Internet, obviously transform human abilities; facial recognition seems merely to encode them. Although faces are 38 to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, 39 and analyze images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast 40 promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Scientists have developed a new surgical glue that could transform emergency treatments by sealing up critical wounds in the skin or the organs, without the need for staples or sutures （钉合或缝合）.It‘s called MeTro. It was developed by researchers from both Harvard Medical School and the University of Sydney, led by Nasim Annabi, an assistant professor of chemical __31__. The glue is made from a modified （改良的）human protein that responds to UV light, allowing the application and drying of the gel-like substance in just a minute.According to the international team of researchers behind the glue, it could quite literally be a lifesaver, sealing up wounds in 60 seconds without stopping the natural __32__ and relaxing of the organ or the skin it‘s applied to. Wounds __33__ with MeTro can heal up in half the time compared with stitches or staples, the researchers claim, and if surgery is required then MeTro can simplify that __34__ too. It's also one of several ways researchers are exploring to engineer our body's own natural substances to help repair it when needed.The __35__ applications are powerful – from treating serious __36__ wounds at emergency sites such as following car accidents and in war zones, as well as improving hospital surgeries. MeTro is simple to apply, can be easily stored, and works closely with natural __37__ to heal a wound. What‘s more, it degrades without leaving any kind of poisonous leftovers in the body. For now the trials are __38__ to animal models. But human trials are in the works, and the results to date are incredibly __39__. If the MeTro can be further developed into a __40__ product, it could become an essential part of a fi rst responder‘s toolkit.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.How to Stick to Good Habits by Using the “2-Minute Rule”Most of the tasks that you procrastinate on (that is to say, you postpone doing what you should be doing,) aren‘t actually difficult to do — you have the talent and skills to _____31____ them- you just avoid starting them for one reason or another. The 2-Minute Rule ____32_____ procrastination and laziness by making it so easy to start taking action that you can‘t say no. It might sound like this strategy is too basic for your ____33_____ life goals, but I beg to differ. It works for any goal because of one simple reason: the_____34____of real life.As Sir Isaac Newton taught us a long time ago, objects at rest tend to stay at rest and objects in motion tend to stay in motion. This is just as true for humans as it is for falling apples. Once you start doing something, it，s easier to ___35______ doing it. I love the 2-Minute Rule because it takes up the idea that all sorts of good things happen once you get started.The most important part of any new habit is getting started — not just the first time, but each time. It‘s not about performance, it‘s about ____36_____ ta king action. In many ways, getting started is more important than succeeding. This is ____37_____ true in- the beginning because there will be plenty of time to improve your performance later on. The 2-Minute Rule isn‘t about the results you achieve, but rather about the _____38____ of actually doing the work. I can，t guarantee whether or not the 2-Minute Rule will work for you. But, I can guarantee that it will never work if you never try it.The problem with most articles you read, podcasts you listen to, or videos you watch is that you ____39_____ the information but never put it into practice. I want this article to be different.I want you to actually use this information, right now. What‘s something you can do that will take you less than two minutes? Do it right now. Anyone can ____40_____ the next 120 seconds. Use this time to get one thing done.Go.The discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing (胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors can be switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look ____31____ younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a ____32____ naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals ____33____ splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to rejuvenate,behaving like young cells.The discovery has the ___34_____ to lead to therapies that could help people age better, without experiencing some of the degenerative effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of chronic illness, and as people get older they are more prone to stroke, heart disease and cancer.Professor Harries as saying, ―This is a first step in trying to make people live___35_____ lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to ____36____ to old cells.‖Dr Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the University of Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the ____37____ and rapidity of the changes in the cells.―When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish ___38_____ I couldn‘t believe it. These old cells were looking like young cells. It was like magic,‖ she said. ―I repeated the experiments several times and in each case the cells rejuvenated. I am very excited by the implications and po tential for this research.‖As we age, our tissues accumulate senescent cells which are alive but do not grow or __function__39____ as they should. These old cells lose the ability to correctly regulate the output of their genes. This is one reason why tissues and organs become susceptible to disease as we age. When activated, genes make a message that gives the ____40____for the cell to behave in a certain way. Most genes can make more than one message, which determines how the cell acts.Splicing factors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions.。
凯文老师-2018年上海高三高考英语一模试卷汇编(中译英2)
V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 你能感受到大数据给现代生活带来的冲击吗？(impact)73. 我们在向西方学习的时候不能丢弃自己独特的文化特征。
(abandon)74. 上个月竣工的游乐园每天向公众开放，逢星期一休息。
(except)75. 如今，越来越多的人喜欢在网上购物，这就促进了快递业的蓬勃发展。
(which) Keys:72. Can you feel the impact of big data on modern life?73. We can’t abandon our own unique cultural features when we learn from the West.74. The amusement park completed last month is open to the public every day except on Mondays.75. Nowadays, more and more people prefer to shop online, which contributes to the booming ofthe express delivery industry.2018年上海市普陀区高三英语一模试卷V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 众所周知, 与他人和睦相处是生活幸福的要素之一。
(As)73. 你认为以健康为代价来获取名利值得吗? (worthwhile)74. 学生们接触到金融问题的年龄越小，就越有可能成为能有效地管理资产且有责任心的成年人。
2018上海高三英语一模汇编：完形填空
2018届高三英语一模汇编——完形填空1、2018黄浦一模Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Could Buying Paintings Make You Rich?Is investing in paintings a good way to get rich fast?And how should you invest in art?“With extreme__41__”is the advice of Patrick Connolly,a financial adviser.“We don’t__42__our customers to invest in art because the downsides are greater than the upsides.It doesn't produce income or earnings.What you__43__ is exclusively based on supply and demand,and there are big movements upwards or downwards if there are changes in the economic environment,”he said.To invest in art as a true investment,you need a starting fund of at least$5,000.But it’s not just about having enough__44__to buy the painting in the first place.Expensive works of art are often stored in protective boxes complete with detectors to monitor humidity and temperature levels,and to protect them from sun damage or other__45__such as a spilled cup of coffee.And if you do put it on your wall,then your insurance costs are likely to be high.If word gets out that you have expensive art hanging on your wall,then you're likely to be a__46__for thieves.Art is also not a regulated investment so when things go wrong–for example,an artwork turns out to be a fraud(赝品)–then investors cannot fall back on__47__for any repayment.Of course given the current environment of low interest rates,that's still a(n)__48__return than many savings accounts will give you.As art has no association to the stock market,it means paintings can__49__in value even when the market crashes,making it a good option for investment__50__.It is reported that after a decrease in the global art market throughout2016,auction(拍卖)sales__51__in the first six months of2017.Yet you don't necessarily have to be super-wealthy to invest in art.There are a growing number of art fairs and online marketplaces aimed at buyers with a more__52__budget.Most art industry experts suggest that you buy a piece of art because you like it,not because you want to get rich.The most__53__approach is probably to buy something you like and can__54__and,be prepared to keep it just for your own pleasure.If it goes up in value that should be just a(n)__55__benefit.41.A.accuracy B.carefulness C.enthusiasm D.generosity42.A.beg B.control C.forbid D.recommend43.A.get back B.look into C.take out D.turn to44.A.desire B.energy C.money D.time45.A.accidents B.appliances C.measures D.drinks46.A.partner B.spectator C.target D.therapy47.A.initiative B.regulation C.strategy D.tradition48.A.better B.earlier C.healthier D.lower49.A.fall apart B.fall down C.go ahead D.go up50.A.funds B.levels C.selections D.rates51.A.ceased B.proceeded C.recovered D.shrank52.A.fixed B.limited C.massive D.modest53.A.creative B.direct C.flexible D.sensible54.A.afford B.preserve C.transfer D.undertake55.A.added B.maximum C.obvious D.social答案：41--45BDACA46--50CBADC51--55CDDAACameron Buckner,assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Houston,argues in an article published in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research that a wide range of animal species exhibit so-called“executive control”when it comes to making decisions,__41__considering their goals and ways to satisfy those goals before acting.He acknowledges that language is__42__for some experienced forms of higher-order thinking,or thinking about thinking.But supported by a review of previously published research,Buckner__43__that a wide variety of animals—elephants,chimpanzees(黑猩猩),ravens(大乌鸦)and lions,among others—__44__reasonable decision-making.“These data suggest that not only do some animals have a subjective take on the suitability of the__45__they are evaluating for their goal,they possess a subjective,internal signal regarding their confidence in this take can be used to select among different options,”he wrote.The question has been__46__since the days of the ancient philosophers,as people considered what means to be human is.One way to address that,Buckner said,is to__47__exactly what sets humans apart from other animals.Language remains a key difference between animals and humans,and Buckner notes that serious__48__in the 1970s and80s to teach animal’s human language—teaching chimpanzees to use sign language,__49__—found that although they were able to express simple ideas,they did not engage in__50__thought and language structures.Ancient philosophers relied upon unreliable__51__to study the issue,but today’s researcher conduct complicated controlled experiments.Buckner,working with Thomas Bugnyar and Stephan A.Reber,mental biologist at the University of Vienna,last year__52__the results of a result that determined ravens share at least some of the human ability to think abstractly about other minds,__53__their behavior by attaching their own observations to others.In his latest paper,Buckner offers several examples to support his__54__.His goal,Buckner said,was to organize experimental research,“to see that we’re gathered enough evidence to say that animals really are__55__in a unique way.”41.A.secretly B.unintentionally C.scarcely D.consciously42.A.required B.qualified C.acquired D.prepared43.A.concerns plains C.conclude D.convinces44.A.turn down B.engage in C.refer to D.argue about45.A.option B.scheme C.regulation D.random46.A.dismissed B.ignored C.debated D.answered47.A.evaluate B.determine C.overlook D.initiate48.A.results B.successes C.achievements D.attempts49.A.for example B.this is to say C.on the contrary D.as a result50.A.obvious B.feasible C.private plex51.A.mystery B.tradition C.evidence D.fiction52.A.substituted B.published C.reflected D.maintained53.A.adapting B.symbolizing C.investigating D.revenging54.A.agreement B.implement C.requirement D.argument55.A.passionate B.reasonable C.confused D.ridiculous答案：41--45DACBA46--50CBDAD51--55CBADB8Artists have long claimed alcohol and other drugs as inspiration for their creativity.But is there really a(n)__41__ between intoxication(醉酒)and inspiration?A recent study published in Consciousness and Cognition explored the effects of moderate drunkenness on people’s creativity.The authors suggest that alcohol’s well-known effect in__42__ executive function may be helpful for these types of creation problems:”Sometimes a reduced ability to__43__one’s attention can have positive implications for select cognitive tasks,”they write.The findings raise the question of whether drugs that__44__attention and focus,in particular,stimulants(兴奋剂), would have the opposite effect on creative thinking__45__,very little research has been done on the issue,and what results exist so far have been mixed.The outcomes may well vary according to individual__46__to the drugs.__47__, some research has found that while stimulants can__48__test performance for those who are less intelligent,for the smartest folks,the drugs can have the opposite effect.If less executive function is linked to more creativity,this may also explain why artists,writers and musicians appear to be more__49__to have an addiction.Perhaps creative people are more likely than others to be__50__to drugs in the first place,as a possible source of inspiration.And then,if reduced executive function is__51__in part for their initial talent,this,too,could make them more easily influenced by__52__once they start using.Having less executive control before you even take drugs means you’ll have less ability to stop once you start.Whatever the real relationship between drunkenness,addiction and art,the authors__53__that their study findings don’t give people__54__to get drunk to“inspire the muse(冥想).”Co-author Jennifer Wiley,associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Chicago,told the British Psychological Society’s Research Digest:”We tested what happens when people are slightly drunk-not when people drank to__55__.There could be no argument from these findings that drinking excessively would have the same effects.”A glass of wine or two,however,may occasionally help.41.A.attraction B.reservation C.connection D.decoration42.A.strengthening B.damaging C.maintaining D.Assessing43.A.block B.reduce C.disturb D.control44.A.remain B.drop C.shift D.increase45.A.However B.Moreover C.Instead D.Therefore46.A.Additions B.responses C.oppositions D.contrasts47.A.For example B.On the contrary C.As a result D.On the otherhand48.A.conceal B.executive C.improve D.delete 49.A.vital B.likely C.ideal D.difficult 50.A.AttractedB.contributedC.respondedD.withdrawn 51.A.responsible B.illegal C.natural D.impossible 52.A.confusion B.Ambition C.Addiction D.exhaustion53.A.lower B.monitor C.function D.caution54.A.sacrifice B.privacy C.Appreciation D.license55.A.priorities B.extremes C.bottom D.Affection答案：41--45CBADA46--50BACBA51--55ACDDB12、2018静安一模The sights,sounds,and smells of the modern marketplace are rarely accidental.More likely,they are tools of an evolving strategy of psychological marketing called“sensory marketing”to create an emotional association to a(n) __41__product or brand.By relating to people in a far more__42__way through everyone’s own senses,sensory marketing is able to affect people in a way that traditional mass marketing cannot.Traditional marketing believes that consumers will systematically consider__43__product factors like price, features,and utility.Sensory marketing,by contrast,seeks to resort to the consumer’s life experiences and feelings. Sensory marketing believes that people,as consumers,will act according to their emotional urge more than to their __44__reasoning.In this way,an effective sensory marketing effort can result in consumers choosing to buy a lovely but expensive product,rather than a plain but cheap__45__.In the past,communications with customers were mainly monologues—companies just‘talked at’consumers. Then they evolved into dialogues,with customers providing__46__.Now they’re becoming multidimensional conversations,with products finding their won voices and consumers responding__47__to them.Based on the implied messages received through five senses,consumers,without noticing it,tend to apply human-like personalities to brands,leading to intimate relationship and,hopefully for the brands,persistent__48__. And that’s the very thing brands are dying to foster in customers rather than instant trend or profits.Most brands are considered to have either“sincere”or“exciting”personalities.“Sincere”brands like IBM and Boeing tend to be regarded as conservative and reliable while“exciting”brands like Apple,and Ferrari are as imaginative and__49__.In general,the consumers tend to form__50__relationships with sincere brands than with exciting ones,this explains the relatively enduring history of the“Sincere Brands”.Certainly,with the eyes containing two-thirds of all the__51__cells in a person’s body,sight is considered the most important of all human senses.Sensory marketing uses sight to create a memorable“sight experience”of the product for consumers which extends to packaging,store interiors,and printed advertising to form a(n)__52__image for the brand.In other words,no aspects of a product design is left to__53__anymore,especially color.Brand acceptance is linked closely with the appropriateness of the colors on the brand—does the color__54__the product at all?If not, customers,though not realizing it themselves,will__55__the brands in all possible ways-sales,reputations,etc. Therefore,brands,isn’t it time now to study the new field of marketing?41.A.specific B.qualified C.average D.adequate 42.A.economic B.personal C.artificial D.mechanic43.A.obvious B.potential C.accessible D.concrete 44.A.imaginable B.objective C.psychological D.gradual 45.A.alternative B.reward C.sample D.exhibit pliment B.fund C.prospect D.feedback47.A.temporarily B.subconsciously C.occasionally D.attentively48.A.loyalty B.philosophy C.endurance D.regulationd B.daring C.steady D.classic50.A.far-fetched B.hard-won C.long-lasting D.easy-going51.A.individual B.sensory C.present D.general52.A.overall B.ambitious C.dramatic D.additional53.A.chance B.maintenance C.progress D.leadership54.A.accept B.overlook C.fit D.treat 55.A.shape B.punish C.signify D.exploit答案：41-45ABDBA46--50DBABC51--55BAACB13、2018青浦一模Travel,a home coming tourIn the UK travel is an enriching life experience that will make your resume stand out amongstother applicants. Travel is not simply a pursuit of__41__but also“character-b uilding”，“defining”and potentially“career-boosting”.Most of the people I know here at university__42__the desire to travel and escape the stresssurrounding us.But Idon’t think,as UK students,we can blame our addiction to international travel simply on a stressful life.Yes,Ihave a lotto handle and it’s a fine__43__act managing my part-time job,my degree and my social life to a perfect level.In a trulyopen world,we can get anywhere,see anything and experience every culture under the sun,at the click of a button,thepurchase of a__44__.Many people I met while working in China were surprised at the number of countries I’d travelled pared to friends and family I consider myself vastly__45__.I’ve never set foot across the pond in the U.S.A and Canada,let alone South America and even within Europe my checklist of destinations is far from__46__.I was also met by__47__at how little travelling I had done within my own borders.This was something I had not really considered before.How much of my own country had I really seen and experienced?To those from a place as vast and varied as China,Britain was really so__48__in comparison and so to have spent20years there and not seen every part of it was quite surprising.I had a conversation with a Chinese colleague over the reasoning behind our use of golden Cotswold stone,which sounds dull for most people.As a student of history,I found anything__49__fascinating.However it was not the stone within British cities I found interesting.What was curious was that it was something I had never even considered,and yet here was someone__50__on something I had simply taken for granted.We continued our discussion,yet I was left__51__that I could not answer her question.In China,as well as a wealth of new culture that fascinated me,I discovered that there were parts of the UK’s culture,history,the very structure of my identity that were so different,so unique from China that I also__52__a newly found interest in my own heritage.In this respect,travelling enables you with two things.Firstly you develop a(n)__53__with new cultures, understanding customs,experiencing cuisines and absorbing the sights and smells of every new city.For many employers this__54__to new locations is seen as tremendous in your personal resume.But alongside increased employability,through international,cross-cultural conversations,you develop an interest in your own history,culture, and customs.You return to your home__55__an understanding of other people’s fascination with it and your own sense of love for its peculiarities.41.A.leisure B.wealth pany D.personality42.A.question B.refuse C.detect D.experience43.A.balancing B.forcing C.judging D.disturbing44.A.course B.stamp C.diploma D.ticket45.A.under-stuffed B.under-travelled C.under-used D.under-expanded46.A.official B.vacant plete D.accurate47.A.excitement B.hatred C.astonishment D.disgust 48.A.youngB.beautifulC.remoteD.small 49.A.historical B.dramatic C.religious D.perfect 50.A.piledB.hookedC.reliedD.carried51.A.exhausted B.embarrassed C.puzzled D.convinced52.A.exchanged B.lost C.gained D.traded53.A.observation B.resolution C.fascination D.illustration54.A.relation B.preference C.agreement D.adaptability55.A.objecting to B.filled with C.bothered by D.searching for答案：41--45ADADB46--50CCDAB51--55BCCDB15、2018金山一模AlphaGo has struck again,defeating Ke Jie,the world’s number one Go player,3-0.After his defeat,the youngChinese prodigy said AlphaGo sees the__41__of Go while he could only see a small area around him.This win, coupled with last year’s victory over Lee Se-dol,shines a light on the awe-inspiring__42__of technology and places AlphaGo among the greatest Artificial Intelligence(AI)systems created to date.The AI industry is certainly making great advancements,constantly surprising the public with new and interesting tools and making life__43__.Twenty years ago,just connecting to the Internet was a__44__.Now,we can do just about anything on our phones,from online banking to__45__shows.The shifting sands of technology have placed so many paths in front of humanity that it is hard to__46__even the immediate future.We may talk about how AI can make our lives better,but we also consider the risks.Many stories and films__47__ around the theme of AI vs.human.One that comes to my mind now is The Terminator.The film is about an AI system called Skynet,which was__48__to protect humans.What the programmers did not expect was that Skynet began to think.It came to the conclusion that humans were a danger to its existence,so it started a global nuclear war and tried to “__49__”humanity.AlphaGo’s recent achievements highlight the__50__that technology and AI can bring about.They also serve to remind us of the__51__and risks we may not have had time to think about.Some of us used to__52__the possibility of creating an actual“thinking”AI system,or believe that humans will always be able to__53__an AI system,but certain facts have now been placed in front of us.All that’s left to be done is to__54__the actual“thinking”part of advanced AI systems like AlphaGo to more fields.Once that happens,human beings will be pretty much__55__.If we do not fully understand the risks of AI systems,we might be flying too close to the“sun”,and like Icarus in Greek mythology,we will fall.41.A.fun B.secret C.universe D.potential42.A.intelligence B.advancements C.risks D.threats43.A.easier B.slower C.harder D.faster44.A.mess B.headache C.loss D.leisure45.A.live B.instant C.immediate D.direct46.A.tell B.frame C.predict D.encounter47.A.reveal B.reverse C.resolve D.revolve48.A.processed B.modified C.introduced D.developed49.A.help B.isolate C.terminate D.investigate50.A.benefits B.possibilities C.signals D.incident51.A.questions B.tragedies C.treasures D.disasters52.A.analyze B.develop C.doubt D.preview53.A.outsmart B.overhead C.outnumber D.overtake54.A.adopt B.shrink C.adapt D.control55.A.intelligent B.powerful C.patriotic D.outdated答案：41-45CBABA46--50CDDCB51--55ACACD15。
上海金山区2018年高三一模-英语
上海⾦⼭区2018年⾼三⼀模-英语⾦⼭区2017学年第⼀学期质量监控⾼三英语试卷（时间120分钟，分值140分）2017年12⽉I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At home. B. In a hotel.C. In a library.D. At a bank.2. A. Librarian and reader. B. Teacher and student.C. Boss and secretary.D. Shop-assistant and customer.3. A. Tuesday. B. Thursday.C. Friday.D. Saturday.4. A. The museum schedule. B. Library hours.C. A part-time job.D. School hours.5. A. Stop the bus. B. Walk to the zoo.C. Cross the street.D. Call the police.6. A. Reasonable. B. Bright.C. Serious.D. Ridiculous.7. A. Move to a neat dormitory. B. Find a person to share their apartment.C. Clean the room with the roommate.D. Write an article about their roommate.8. A. He talks too fast. B. He seldom talks.C. He likes to use big words.D. He doesn’t speak in a direct way.9. A. The girl’s favorite sweets are chocolates and candies.B. The girl should go to the supermarket with him together.C. It’s time for the girl to try something sweet.D. The girl’s teeth are in bad condition.10. A. Smith will keep the surprise party a secret.B. Lucy hasn’t got any promise from Smith.C. They shouldn’t have told Lucy about the party.D. There’s no secret between Smith and Lucy.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Morris Michtom. B. President Roosevelt.C. A newspaper artist.D. One of Roosevelt’s friends.12. A. Because he didn’t want to please his friends.B. Because he wanted an artist to draw a picture for the bear.C. Because he thought shooting a bear tied to a tree was unfair.D. Because he thought it was uninteresting.13. A. The biography of Teddy Roosevelt. B. The founding history of a toy store.C. The experience of a newspaper artist.D. The origin of Teddy Bears.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. At least 20% of the population is at least 65 years old.B. There are fewer working-age people to replace the retired ones.C. The older workers are more than the younger ones.D. Aging population changes are taking place quickly.15. A. Aging will increase the household savings rates.B. Aging will reduce the household savings rates.C. Aging will balance the household investment rates.D. Aging will increase the household investment rates.16. A. The problem of aging population in the world.B. The increasing population around the world.C. The situation of labour market in Europe.D. The discussion about the retiring age in Asia.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. To fix his broken cellphone. B. To buy a spare battery for his cellphone.C. To get a brand-new cellphone.D. To change his cellphone.18. A. He thinks it has fewer functions. B. He likes its color display.C. He thinks its price is suitable.D. He can’t afford it.19. A. She thinks Haier model is much better than the man thought.B. She thinks Nokia model is good enough for the man.C. She is not satisfied with Haier model.D. She thinks Haier model is of low quality.20. A. $2420. B. $2300. C. $2010. D. $1890.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.At first glance, these impressive images look like moment captured by a talented photographer. But you cannot always believe what you see. These pictures, with their incredible photographic details, are in fact the creations ____21___ (draw) by Scottish hyper-realist Paul Cadden.With often nothing more than a pencil in hand, the 47-year-old artist produces elaborate drawings that could easily ___22___ (mistake) for the work of any modern digital camera. From the wrinkles on a woman’s face and beads of water, to a breath of smoke from a cigarette, Cadeen is able to capture ___23___ (complicated) features of his subjects in such painstaking detail that the images look astonishingly real.Cadden said he began drawing at a very young age and has always been interested in art. With some experience in animation and graphic design, he moves into hyper-realism ___24___ he has a special gift for capturing details.His creations reflect his love for details, with a single image __25_____ (take) up to six weeks to produce. Working with pencil, graphite and white chalk, Cadden is able to create seven poster-size pieces a year, ___26__ sell for up to $5,000 each.The artist explained that he does not want people to focus completely on the techniques involved in his pieces. “I want them to think about the work and ___27____ I’m actually drawing,” he said, “I prefer to study the internal aspect of the subject___28___ _______ focus solely on the external part.”Now, Cadden is planning to take his pieces to more foreign countries, and to hold exhibitions in China, Cuba and Brazil. He hopes to get established enough __29____ (make) a living from his work. “I want to be doing lots of exhibitions in five years’time. To have a successful solo show is a long-cherished dream of mine,” he said. “It’s such a fantastic feeling___30___ somebody buys your paintings and you know the paintings are sitting somewhere in their houses.”Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedA large-scale cultural exploration program《国家宝藏》made its first show on CCTV on Sunday night . In the first episode, the Palace Museum in Beijing showcased three treasures.As a ___31___ variety show, the National Treasure aims to showcase the background stories of national treasures and___32___ various art forms. In the show, "national treasure keepers" acted by famous and common people will present treasures, telling their stories with the collections and interpreting the historical ___33___. The show aims to inspire the ancient Chinese civilization and make the national treasures "come alive".This is not the first time for the Palace Museum in Beijing to be ___34___ welcomed online in China, thanks to its efforts incultural products and self-promotion in recent years.Last year, the museum ___35___ so much attention because of the huge success of the three-episode TV documentary,Masters in the Forbidden City and a movie with the same name. Over the last few years, the museum has___36___ 495 signposts and 1,400 new chairs have been provided. In addition, the Palace Museum opened a (an)___37___ online store on e-commerce platform Taobao, selling related products. It also started their self-promotion through new media, publishing articles to promote the culture of the museum. It ___38___ swept the Internet by its humorous style and interesting content. At the same time, the Palace Museum has published several mobile apps, one of which saw over 200,000 downloads just two weeks after its ___39___ in 2013. Its self-promotion has achieved great results. In 2012, the museum saw 15 million visitors. And it received 16 million visitors last year.The museum is also a popular ___40___ among foreign leaders. For example, US President Donald Trump and his wife visited the Palace Museum on Nov 8.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.AlphaGo has struck again, defeating Ke Jie, the world’s number one Go player, 3-0. After his defeat, the young Chinese prodigy said AlphaGo sees the ___41___ of Go while he could only see a small area around him. This win, coupled with last y ear’s victory over Lee Se-dol, shines a light on the awe-inspiring ___42___ of technology and places AlphaGo among the greatest Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems created to date.The AI industry is certainly making great advancements, constantly surprising the public with new and interesting tools and making life ___43___. Twenty years ago, just connecting to the Internet was a ___44___. Now, we can do just about anything on our phones, from online banking to ___45___ shows. The shifting sands of technology have placed so many paths in front of humanity that it is hard to ___46___ even the immediate future.We may talk about how AI can make our lives better, but we also consider the risks. Many stories and films ___47___ around the theme of AI vs. human. One that comes to my mind now is The Terminator. The film is about an AI system called Skynet, which was ___48___ to protect humans. What the programmers did not expect was that Skynet began to think. It came to the conclusion that humans were a danger to its existence, so it started a global nuclear war and tried to “___49___” humanity. AlphaGo’s recent achievements highlight the ___50___ that technology and AI can bring about. They also serve to remind us of the ___51___ and risks we may not have had time to think about. Some of us used to ___52___ the possibility of creating an actual “thinking” AI system, or believe that humans will always be able to ___53___ an AI system, but certain facts have now been placed in front of us. All that’s left to be done is to ___54___ the actual “thinking” part of advanced AI systems like AlphaGo to more fields. Once that happens, human beings will be pretty much ___55___. If we do not fully understand the risks of AI systems, we might be flying too close to the “sun”, an d like Icarus in Greek mythology, we will fall.41. A. fun B. secret C. universe D. potential42. A. intelligence B. advancements C. risks D. threats43. A. easier B. slower C. harder D. faster44. A. mess B. headache C. loss D. leisure45. A. live B. instant C. immediate D. direct46. A. tell B. frame C. predict D. encounter47. A. reveal B. reverse C. resolve D. revolve48. A. processed B. modified C. introduced D. developed49. A. help B. isolate C. terminate D. investigate50. A. benefits B. possibilities C. signals D. incident51. A. questions B. tragedies C. treasures D. disasters52. A. analyze B. develop C. doubt D. preview53. A. outsmart B. overhead C. outnumber D. overtake54. A. adopt B. shrink C. adapt D. control55. A. intelligent B. powerful C. patriotic D. outdatedSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In many countries of the world, people can confidently tell you the meaning of their town or city, but most people who live in Manchester, Oxford or Birmingham would not be able to explain what the name of their city means. The name of every British town and city, however, has a long history.Two thousand years ago, most people living in Britain were Celts. Even the word “Britain”is Celtic. Then the Romans arrived and built camps which became cities called “castra”. This is why there are so many place names in England which end in “-chester” or “-caster”–Manchester, for example.The Romans never reached Wales or Scotland, and many place names there are Celtic. For example, Welsh place names that begin with “Llan” come from the Celtic word for church.After the Romans left Britain, it was attacked by tribes called the Anglo-Saxons who were from the area of Europe that is now Germany and Holland. Without the Roman army, it was impossible to protect the country from these people. The names of their villages often ended in “-ham”or “-ton”. Some got their name from the leader of the village, so Birmingham, for example, means “Beormund’s village”.The Anglo-Saxons were farmers and the landscape was very important to them, so we have villages called Upton (“village on a hill”–a good place to build a village) and Moreton (“village by lake”, where floods could make life tough). Place names that end in “-ford” (a place where you could cross a river) also describe the location of Anglo-Saxon villages.Twelve hundred years ago, the Vikings came to England from Scandinavia. They traded with the Anglo-Saxons but lived in their own villages. These often ended in “-by” or “-thorpe”. The name “Kirkby” means “a village with a church” and Scunthorpe was the village of a man called Skuma.Finally, in 1066, England became Norman –the Normans gave us the place name “grange”,which means farm.And how about London? Experts cannot agree. The Romans called the city Londinium, but they were not the first inhabitants. People once believed that the United Kingdom’s capital city got its name from the castle of a King called Lud, but this is very unlikely. Our best guess today is that the name comes from a Celtic word meaning a fastflowing river. Like a number of British place names, its history is lost in time.56. The origin of British place names are unfamiliar to many local people because of _______.A. the death of the country’s ancient languages.B. the long lost history of the names.C. their lack of interest in the names.D. the frequent changes to the names.57. According to the article, Stratford-upon-Avon is most likely a town _______.A. on a hillB. near a castleC. built beside a riverD. with a church58. Which of the following shows the correct order of the arrival of inhabitants in Britain?A. The Celts –The Romans – The Vikings –The Normans –The Anglo SaxonsB. The Romans –The Celts –The Vikings –The Anglo Saxons–The NormansC. The Celts –The Romans –The Anglo Saxons–The Vikings –The NormansD. The Romans –The Anglo Saxons–The Celts –The Normans –The Vikings59. According to the text, where did the name for London come from?A. It is puzzling and hard to confirm for sure.B. It comes from the term for a fast-flowing river.C. The name is short for Londinium.D. The name is from the castle of a King.(B)Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District 2016 High School Video ContestHere’s the Scoop on Pet Waste!EligibilityNinth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth grade students that attend schools located in Bartow, Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, DeKalb, Douglas, Fayette, Fulton, Forsyth, Gwinnett, Hall, Henry, Paulding and Rockdale counties are invited to participate in the video contest. Entries can be a team or individual effort.GuidelinesEach video must be uploaded to YouTube. The video’s YouTube link must be included in the entry/release form.Team members must be from the same school.The video must be between 30-60 seconds in length.No professional assistance or use of copyright material is allowed, including background music.Each student participating in the contest or appearing in the video must fill out a form. For teams, submit an entry/release form for each team member.One video per team or individual.All entry/release forms must be postmarked or received by Friday, July 27, 2016.Email:ORMail: 2015 Water Video ContestMetro Water District40 Courtland Street, NEAtlanta, GA 30303 JudgingSubmissions will be judged based on the following criteria:Incorporation of the “Here’s the Scoop on Pet Waste’’ message. Use the "Here's the Scoop on Pet Waste’’ messaging fact sheet for background information on the issue.Composition （length, technical construction, audio quality）.Entertainment value.Accuracy of information.Creativity.Prizes1st Place $15002nd Place $10003rd Place $50050% of the prize money will go to the individual or team who submits the video and 50% to the high school they attend. Winners will be notified directly.Page 1 of 3 rg60. What does the underlined word “Eligibility” probably mean?A. Age.B. Qualification.C. Location.D. Grade.61. When entering the contest, ________.A. one must ask his or her teacher to sign the entry form.B. winners can earn at least $750 as a prize.C. one can invite friends from other schools to act in the video.D. participants had better add some humor and fun to the video.62. Where should the participants upload their videos?A. participants’ school websites.B. .C. YouTube.D. .(C)For many years, humans have tried to find the secret to staying young. Although it has yet to be discovered, we may be closer than ever to finding a way that can slow down the aging process.A recent study by researchers from Duke University in the US found that cutting one’s daily intake of calories could slow down biological aging, which means you might be able to hang on to your youthful looks a little longer.Previous research has shown that calorie restrictions slow aging in worms, flies and mice. So researchers wondered if it could have the same effect on people.To find out, Daniel Belsky and her team examined data from a study by the National Institute on Aging, based in the US, which involved 220 people. During the two-year study, 145 people in the restriction group cut their calorie intake by 25 percent. Meanwhile, 75 people in the control group maintained their normal diets.At the start of the study, the two groups had no difference in biological age. The average participant was 38 years old, with a biological age of 37. However, after each 12-month period, participants in the restriction group saw an increase in biological age by an average of 0.11years. Meanwhile, those in the control group saw a rise by an average of 0.71 years.The researchers believe the difference between these groups shows that cutting calories does slow biological aging. Although they didn’t explain the reason behind this, researchers at Brigham Young University in the US provided an explanation after they carried out a similar study on mice.They believe fewer calories slow down a mechanism in cells called the ribosome (核糖体), at least in mice. The mechanism is responsible for making vital proteins in cells, but with fewer calories it slows down, giving it more time to repair itself.The ribosome is complex like a car, and it needs to replace the parts that wear out thefastest from time to time, according to John Price, a biochemistry professor at Brigham Young University.“When tires wear out, you don’t throw the whole car away and buy new ones. It’s easier to replace the tires,” Price told VOA. But this doesn’t mean that people who want to look younger should start skipping meals, especially given the study’s early stage. Proper nutrition is important, Price explained.“Food isn’t just material to be burned –it’s a signal that tells our body and cells how to respond,” he told Science Daily.63. The purpose of the research was to _________.A. find the most efficient way to control calorie intake.B. explain why people have to maintain a normal diet.C. test the influence of calorie restrictions on aging.D. invent technology that keeps people young and healthy.64. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the experiment?A. All the participants were of the same biological age at the start.B. The biological age of people in the control group increased more than those in therestriction group.C. Flies and mice were used to compare the results of the human test with.D. Some participants were asked to double the amount of food they ate.65. According to John Price, ________.A. the ribosome is an important cell that controls the aging process.B. a higher level of calorie intake means more healthy proteins.C. the fewer calories one takes in, the better the ribosome works.D. reducing calorie intake could allow the ribosome to repair itself better.66. We can infer from the text that ________.A. those who want to stay young are advised to skip meals.B. people should keep a record of the energy they burn every day.C. maintaining a balanced diet is not as difficult as people imagine.D. we could slow our pace of biological aging by changing our eating habits.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than youPlus-size women might be socially frowned upon(不赞成) and openly avoided by the fashion industry. ___67___A study done a few years ago by Plunkett Research, a market-research firm, found that 67% of American women were “plus-size,” meaning size 14 or larger. That figu re might not have changed much, but in 2016, only 18% of clothing sold was plus-size, according to NPD Group, another research firm.Designers and retailers have long thought of the plus-size as high-risk. Predicting what these customers will buy can be difficult, as they tend to be more cautious about styles. Making larger clothes is more expensive; but higher costs for fabric cannot always be passed on to consumers. ___68___ “We have money but nowhere to spend it,” says Kristine Thompson, who runs a blog which has nearly 150,000 followers on Instagram.At last, that is changing. Fast-fashion brands, including Forever 21 and a fashion line sold in partnership with Target, a giant retailer, have expanded their plus-size collections. ___69___ Revenue in the plus-size category increased by 14% between 2013 and 2016, compared with growth of 7% for all apparel (服装). Takings (营业额) were $21.3 billion last year. Social media has played an important role in changing attitudes in the fashion business, says Madeline Jones, editor and co-founder of PLUS Model Magazine.Nonetheless, designer brands still hold back. ___70___ For those that are willing to take a chance, several internet startups (创业公司) that deliver personally styled outfits to individuals, including plus-size women, offer data to “straight-size”designers.Not all plus-size shoppers are convinced. Laura Fuentes, a hairstylist from Abilene, Texas, says that many upmarket(⾼端市场的) department stores still keep their plus-size clothing sections poorly organized, badly stocked and dimly lit, if they stock larger clothes at all. Yet such complaints should be taken with a pinch of salt (有所保留), says Ms. Thompson. “We’re nowhere near where we should be but we’ve made progress,” she says.Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sales strategiesHow can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective selling is for a company to first decide on its “sales strategy”. In other words, what is the role of the salesperson? Is the salesperson’s job narrative, suggestive, or consultative?The “narrative” sales strategy depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a sta ndard sales presentation. His or her pitch highlights the benefit for the customer of a particular product or service. This approach is most effective for customers whose buying motives are basically the same.The “suggestive” approach is tailored more fo r the individual customer. The salesperson must be in a position to offer alternative recommendations that meet a particular customer’s needs. One key aspect of the suggestive approach is the need for the salesperson to engage the buyer in some sort of discussion. The salesperson can then use the information from the customer to suggest an appropriate product or service.The final strategy demands that a company’s sales staff act as “consultants” for the buyer. In this role, the salesperson must acquire a great deal of information about the customer. They do this through market research, surveys, and face-to-face discussions. Using this information, the salesperson makes a detailed presentation t ailored to a consumer’s needs. More and more sales teams are switching from a narrative or a suggestive approach to a more consultative strategy. As a result, corporations value creativity and analytical skills.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72．越来越多的⾼中⽣开始关注他们的职业⽣涯规划。
四 2018金山区一模词汇
2018金山区一模词汇Grammar1. at first glance 咋一看2. at a very young age 在年幼时3. in painstaking detail 用极其详尽的细节4. have a special gift for sth. 对某事有特殊的天赋5. take up to six weeks to produce 花费长达六周来制作6. prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿做B7. hold exhibitions 举办展览8. make a living 谋生9. a long-cherished dream of mine 我长久以来的梦想Vocabulary10. a cultural variety show 文化综艺节目11. present treasures 呈现宝藏12. interpret the historical mystery 解读历史谜团13. draw much attention 吸引许多注意力14. on e-commerce platform 在电子商务平台上15. a popular attraction 一个热门景点Cloze16. be coupled with…与…结合17. shine a light on 使…显现，照亮18. to date 至今，迄今为止19. live shows 现场表演20. revolve vi./vt./n. 循环出现；旋转；反复考虑21. sth. comes to my mind 我想起某事22. come to the conclusion 得出结论23. a danger to its existence 对其存在的威胁24. terminate” humanity 终结人类25. bring about the possibility 引发可能性26. serve to remind us of sth. 用作提醒我们…27. adapt sth. to more fields. 把…应用到更多领域Reading28. be lost in time 迷失在时间里29. sth. be unfamiliar to sb. 某人不熟悉某事30. inhabitants 居民31. Submission Deadline 提交的最后期限32. participate in the contest 参加竞赛33. fill out a form 填表格34. submit an entry 提交参赛作品35. be notified directly 直接通知36. stay young 保持年轻37. hang on to your youthful looks 保持年轻的外表38. slow down the aging process 延缓衰老过程39. cut one’s daily intake of calories 减少一个人每天摄入的卡路里40. have the same effect on sb. 对…产生同样的影响41. maintain their normal diets 保持正常饮食44. carry out a similar study 进行一个相似的研究45. from time to time 不时地46. skip meals 不吃饭47. be more cautious about styles 更注意款式48. High costs can’t be passed on to consumers. 高成本不能转嫁给消费者49. in turn 反过来；轮流50. designer brands still hold back. 设计师品牌仍然踌躇不前。
【高三英语试题精选】上海市金山中学2018届高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语试卷
A that; locating B that; located C which; located D as; locates
36 --Would you please explain to me about the difference between the two phenomenon?
C not until you’re eighteen that you can D until you’re eighteen when you can’t
40 It is obvious that on no account _____ to the teacher that he has done the homework on his
playing puter games at school
A where B that C on which D when
39 According to the law, it is _____ get your driving license
A not until you’re eighteen can you B until you’re eighteen that you can’t
Directions plete the following passage by using the words in the box Each word can only be used once Note that there is one word more than you need
A recently B forming C locate D primitive E fascinated
上海市金山中学2018届高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语试卷
2018上海高考试题及答案英语.doc
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
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第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will beasked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something.(25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill. Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than youneed.What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment(授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses.Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D.on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most. 66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2018 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions. This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastalcities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The H ouse of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report,released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampto n, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that w e don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information h ave become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently p ermission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phras e “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantag e of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。
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金山区2017学年第一学期质量监控高三英语试卷（时间120分钟，分值140分）2017年12月I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At home. B. In a hotel.C. In a library.D. At a bank.2. A. Librarian and reader. B. Teacher and student.C. Boss and secretary.D. Shop-assistant and customer.3. A. Tuesday. B. Thursday.C. Friday.D. Saturday.4. A. The museum schedule. B. Library hours.C. A part-time job.D. School hours.5. A. Stop the bus. B. Walk to the zoo.C. Cross the street.D. Call the police.6. A. Reasonable. B. Bright.C. Serious.D. Ridiculous.7. A. Move to a neat dormitory. B. Find a person to share their apartment.C. Clean the room with the roommate.D. Write an article about their roommate.8. A. He talks too fast. B. He seldom talks.C. He likes to use big words.D. He doesn’t speak in a direct way.9. A. The girl’s favorite sweets are chocolates and candies.B. The girl should go to the supermarket with him together.C. It’s time for the girl to try something sweet.D. The girl’s teeth are in bad condition.10. A. Smith will keep the surprise party a secret.B. Lucy hasn’t got any promise from Smith.C. They shouldn’t have told Lucy about the party.D. There’s no secret between Smith and Lucy.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Morris Michtom. B. President Roosevelt.C. A newspaper artist.D. One of Roosevelt’s friends.12. A. Because he didn’t want to please his friends.B. Because he wanted an artist to draw a picture for the bear.C. Because he thought shooting a bear tied to a tree was unfair.D. Because he thought it was uninteresting.13. A. The biography of Teddy Roosevelt. B. The founding history of a toy store.C. The experience of a newspaper artist.D. The origin of Teddy Bears.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. At least 20% of the population is at least 65 years old.B. There are fewer working-age people to replace the retired ones.C. The older workers are more than the younger ones.D. Aging population changes are taking place quickly.15. A. Aging will increase the household savings rates.B. Aging will reduce the household savings rates.C. Aging will balance the household investment rates.D. Aging will increase the household investment rates.16. A. The problem of aging population in the world.B. The increasing population around the world.C. The situation of labour market in Europe.D. The discussion about the retiring age in Asia.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. To fix his broken cellphone. B. To buy a spare battery for his cellphone.C. To get a brand-new cellphone.D. To change his cellphone.18. A. He thinks it has fewer functions. B. He likes its color display.C. He thinks its price is suitable.D. He can’t afford it.19. A. She thinks Haier model is much better than the man thought.B. She thinks Nokia model is good enough for the man.C. She is not satisfied with Haier model.D. She thinks Haier model is of low quality.20. A. $2420. B. $2300. C. $2010. D. $1890.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.At first glance, these impressive images look like moment captured by a talented photographer. But you cannot always believe what you see. These pictures, with their incredible photographic details, are in fact the creations ____21___ (draw) by Scottish hyper-realist Paul Cadden.With often nothing more than a pencil in hand, the 47-year-old artist produces elaborate drawings that could easily ___22___ (mistake) for the work of any modern digital camera. From the wrinkles on a woman’s face and beads of water, to a breath of smoke from a cigarette, Cadeen is able to capture ___23___ (complicated) features of his subjects in such painstaking detail that the images look astonishingly real.Cadden said he began drawing at a very young age and has always been interested in art. With some experience in animation and graphic design, he moves into hyper-realism ___24___ he has a special gift for capturing details.His creations reflect his love for details, with a single image __25_____ (take) up to sixweeks to produce. Working with pencil, graphite and white chalk, Cadden is able to create seven poster-size pieces a year, ___26__ sell for up to $5,000 each.The artist explained that he does not want people to focus completely on the techniques involved in his pieces. “I want them to think about the work and ___27____ I’m actually drawing,” he said, “I prefer to study the internal aspect of the subject ___28___ _______ focus solely on the external part.”Now, Cadden is planning to take his pieces to more foreign countries, and to hold exhibitions in China, Cuba and Brazil. He hopes to get established enough __29____ (make) a living from his work. “I want to be doing lots of exhibitions in five years’ time. To have a successful solo show is a long-cherished dream of mine,” he said. “It’s such a fantastic feeling ___30___ somebody buys your paintings and you know the paintings are sitting somewhere in their houses.”Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. establishedB. culturalC. freelyD. introduceE. officialF. releaseG. extremely H. attraction I. drew J. unexpectedly K. mysteryA large-scale cultural exploration program National Treasure《国家宝藏》made its first show on CCTV on Sunday night . In the first episode, the Palace Museum in Beijing showcased three treasures.As a ___31___ variety show, the National Treasure aims to showcase the background stories of national treasures and ___32___ various art forms. In the show, "national treasure keepers" acted by famous and common people will present treasures, telling their stories with the collections and interpreting the historical ___33___. The show aims to inspire the ancient Chinese civilization and make the national treasures "come alive".This is not the first time for the Palace Museum in Beijing to be ___34___ welcomed online in China, thanks to its efforts in cultural products and self-promotion in recent years.Last year, the museum ___35___ so much attention because of the huge success of the three-episode TV documentary,Masters in the Forbidden City and a movie with the same name. Over the last few years, the museum has ___36___ 495 signposts and 1,400 new chairs have been provided. In addition, the Palace Museum opened a (an) ___37___ online store on e-commerce platform Taobao, selling related products. It also started their self-promotion through new media, publishing articles to promote the culture of the museum. It ___38___ swept the Internet by its humorous style and interesting content. At the same time, the Palace Museum has published several mobile apps, one of which saw over 200,000 downloads just two weeks after its ___39___ in 2013. Its self-promotion has achieved great results. In 2012, the museumsaw 15 million visitors. And it received 16 million visitors last year.The museum is also a popular ___40___ among foreign leaders. For example, US President Donald Trump and his wife visited the Palace Museum on Nov 8.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.AlphaGo has struck again, defeating Ke Jie, the world’s number one Go player, 3-0. After his defeat, the young Chinese prodigy said AlphaGo sees the ___41___ of Go while he could only see a small area around him. This win, coupled with last year’s victory over Lee Se-dol, shines a light on the awe-inspiring ___42___ of technology and places AlphaGo among the greatest Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems created to date.The AI industry is certainly making great advancements, constantly surprising the public with new and interesting tools and making life ___43___. Twenty years ago, just connecting to the Internet was a ___44___. Now, we can do just about anything on our phones, from online banking to ___45___ shows. The shifting sands of technology have placed so many paths in front of humanity that it is hard to ___46___ even the immediate future.We may talk about how AI can make our lives better, but we also consider the risks. Many stories and films ___47___ around the theme of AI vs. human. One that comes to my mind now is The Terminator. The film is about an AI system called Skynet, which was ___48___ to protect humans. What the programmers did not expect was that Skynet began to think. It came to the conclusion that humans were a danger to its existence, so it started a global nuclear war and tried to “___49___” humanity.AlphaGo’s recent achievements highlight the ___50___ that technology and AI can bring about. They also serve to remind us of the ___51___ and risks we may not have had time to think about. Some of us used to ___52___ the possibility of creating an actual “thinking” AI system, or believe that humans will always be able to ___53___ an AI system, but certain facts have now been placed in front of us. All that’s left to be done is to ___54___ the actual “thinking” part of advanced AI systems like AlphaGo to more fields. Once that happens, human beings will be pretty much ___55___. If we do not fully understand the risks of AI systems, we might be flying too close to the “sun”, and like Icarus in Greek mythology, we will fall.41. A. fun B. secret C. universe D. potential42. A. intelligence B. advancements C. risks D. threats43. A. easier B. slower C. harder D. faster44. A. mess B. headache C. loss D. leisure45. A. live B. instant C. immediate D. direct46. A. tell B. frame C. predict D. encounter47. A. reveal B. reverse C. resolve D. revolve48. A. processed B. modified C. introduced D. developed49. A. help B. isolate C. terminate D. investigate50. A. benefits B. possibilities C. signals D. incident51. A. questions B. tragedies C. treasures D. disasters52. A. analyze B. develop C. doubt D. preview53. A. outsmart B. overhead C. outnumber D. overtake54. A. adopt B. shrink C. adapt D. control55. A. intelligent B. powerful C. patriotic D. outdatedSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In many countries of the world, people can confidently tell you the meaning of their town or city, but most people who live in Manchester, Oxford or Birmingham would not be able to explain what the name of their city means. The name of every British town and city, however, has a long history.Two thousand years ago, most people living in Britain were Celts. Even the word “Britain” is Celtic. Then the Romans arrived and built camps which became cities called “castra”. This is why there are so many place names in England which end in “-chester” or “-caster” –Manchester, for example.The Romans never reached Wales or Scotland, and many place names there are Celtic. For example, Welsh place names that begin with “Llan” come from the Celtic word for church.After the Romans left Britain, it was attacked by tribes called the Anglo-Saxons who were from the area of Europe that is now Germany and Holland. Without the Roman army, it was impossible to protect the country from these people. The names of their villages often ended in “-ham” or “-ton”. Some got their name from the leader of the village, so Birmingham, for example, means “Beormund’s village”.The Anglo-Saxons were farmers and the landscape was very important to them, so we have villages called Upton (“village on a hill” –a good place to build a village) and Moreton (“village by lake”, where floods could make life tough). Place names that end in “-ford” (a place where you could cross a river) also describe the location of Anglo-Saxon villages.Twelve hundred years ago, the Vikings came to England from Scandinavia. They traded with the Anglo-Saxons but lived in their own villages. These often ended in “-by” or “-thorpe”.The name “Kirkby” means “a village with a church” and Scunthorpe was the village of a man called Skuma.Finally, in 1066, England became Norman –the Normans gave us the place name “grange”, which means farm.And how about London? Experts cannot agree. The Romans called the city Londinium, but they were not the first inhabitants. People once believed that the United Kingdom’s capital city got its name from the castle of a King called Lud, but this is very unlikely. Our best guess today is that the name comes from a Celtic word meaning a fastflowing river. Like a number of British place names, its history is lost in time.56. The origin of British place names are unfamiliar to many local people because of _______.A. the death of the country’s ancient languages.B. the long lost history of the names.C. their lack of interest in the names.D. the frequent changes to the names.57. According to the article, Stratford-upon-Avon is most likely a town _______.A. on a hillB. near a castleC. built beside a riverD. with a church58. Which of the following shows the correct order of the arrival of inhabitants in Britain?A. The Celts –The Romans – The Vikings –The Normans –The Anglo SaxonsB. The Romans –The Celts –The Vikings –The Anglo Saxons–The NormansC. The Celts –The Romans –The Anglo Saxons–The Vikings –The NormansD. The Romans –The Anglo Saxons–The Celts –The Normans –The Vikings59. According to the text, where did the name for London come from?A. It is puzzling and hard to confirm for sure.B. It comes from the term for a fast-flowing river.C. The name is short for Londinium.D. The name is from the castle of a King.(B)Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District 2016 High School Video ContestHere’s the Scoop on Pet Waste!Submission Deadline July 27, 2016.EligibilityNinth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth grade students that attend schools located in Bartow, Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, DeKalb, Douglas, Fayette, Fulton, Forsyth,Gwinnett, Hall, Henry, Paulding and Rockdale counties are invited to participate in the video contest. Entries can be a team or individual effort.Guidelines♦ Each video must be uploaded to YouTube. The video’s YouTube link must be included in the entry/release form.♦ Team members must be from the same school. ♦ The video must be between 30-60 seconds in length.♦ No professional assistance or use of copyright material is allowed, including background music.♦ Each student participating in the contest or appearing in the video must fill out a form. For teams, submit an entry/release form for each team member.♦ One video per team or individual. ♦ All entry/release forms must be postmarked or received by Friday, July 27, 2016. Email: kvaIlianos@ ORMail: 2015 Water Video Contest Metro Water District 40 Courtland Street, NE Atlanta, GA 30303JudgingSubmissions will be judged based on the following criteria:♦ Incorporation of the “Here’s theScoop on Pet Waste’’ message. Use the "Here's the Scoop on Pet Waste’’ messaging fact sheet for background information on the issue.♦ Composition （length, technical construction, audio quality ）.♦ Entertainment value. ♦ Accuracy of information. ♦ Creativity. Prizes♦ 1st Place $1500 ♦ 2nd Place $1000 ♦ 3rd Place$50050% of the prize money will go to the individual or team who submits the video and 50% to the high school theyattend. Winners will be notified directly.Page 1 of 360. What does the underlined word “Eligibility” probably mean? A. Age. B. Qualification. C. Location. D. Grade.61. When entering the contest, ________.A. one must ask his or her teacher to sign the entry form.B. winners can earn at least $750 as a prize.C. one can invite friends from other schools to act in the video.D. participants had better add some humor and fun to the video.62. Where should the participants upload their videos?A. participants’ school websites.B. .C. YouTube.D. kvaIlianos@.(C)For many years, humans have tried to find the secret to staying young. Although it has yet to be discovered, we may be closer than ever to finding a way that can slow down the aging process.A recent study by researchers from Duke University in the US found that cutting one’s daily intake of calories could slow down biological aging, which means you might be able to hang on to your youthful looks a little longer.Previous research has shown that calorie restrictions slow aging in worms, flies and mice. So researchers wondered if it could have the same effect on people.To find out, Daniel Belsky and her team examined data from a study by the National Institute on Aging, based in the US, which involved 220 people. During the two-year study, 145 people in the restriction group cut their calorie intake by 25 percent. Meanwhile, 75 people in the control group maintained their normal diets.At the start of the study, the two groups had no difference in biological age. The average participant was 38 years old, with a biological age of 37. However, after each 12-month period, participants in the restriction group saw an increase in biological age by an average of 0.11years. Meanwhile, those in the control group saw a rise by an average of 0.71 years.The researchers believe the difference between these groups shows that cutting calories does slow biological aging.Although they didn’t explain the reason behind this, researchers at Brigham Young University in the US provided an explanation after they carried out a similar study on mice.They believe fewer calories slow down a mechanism in cells called the ribosome (核糖体), at least in mice. The mechanism is responsible for making vital proteins in cells, but with fewer calories it slows down, giving it more time to repair itself.The ribosome is complex like a car, and it needs to replace the parts that wear out the fastest from time to time, according to John Price, a biochemistry professor at Brigham Young University.“When tires wear out, you don’t throw the whole car away and buy new ones. It’s easier toreplace the tires,” Price told VOA.But this doesn’t mean that people who want to look younger should start skipping meals, especially given the study’s early stage. Proper nutrition is important, Price explained.“Food isn’t just material to be burned –it’s a signal that tells our body and cells how to respond,” he told Science Daily.63. The purpose of the research was to _________.A. find the most efficient way to control calorie intake.B. explain why people have to maintain a normal diet.C. test the influence of calorie restrictions on aging.D. invent technology that keeps people young and healthy.64. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the experiment?A. All the participants were of the same biological age at the start.B. The biological age of people in the control group increased more than those in therestriction group.C. Flies and mice were used to compare the results of the human test with.D. Some participants were asked to double the amount of food they ate.65. According to John Price, ________.A. the ribosome is an important cell that controls the aging process.B. a higher level of calorie intake means more healthy proteins.C. the fewer calories one takes in, the better the ribosome works.D. reducing calorie intake could allow the ribosome to repair itself better.66. We can infer from the text that ________.A. those who want to stay young are advised to skip meals.B. people should keep a record of the energy they burn every day.C. maintaining a balanced diet is not as difficult as people imagine.D. we could slow our pace of biological aging by changing our eating habits.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in thebox. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Yet plus-size apparel makes up just a small part of the clothing on the market.B. In turn, plus-size women shopped less because the industry was not serving them well.C. Some brands, such as Michael Kors, do sell plus-size ranges but do not advertise them ordisplay them on websites.D. But the fact is that, take American for example, women’s demand for larger –size clothes isonly rising.E. Nike also has extended its “X-sized” sportswear range.F. Gwynnie Bee, Stitch Fix and Dia & Co, for example, share information with designers onpreferred styles and fits.Plus-size women might be socially frowned upon(不赞成) and openly avoided by the fashion industry. ___67___A study done a few years ago by Plunkett Research, a market-research firm, found that 67% of American women were “plus-size,” meaning size 14 or larger. That figure might not have changed much, but in 2016, only 18% of clothing sold was plus-size, according to NPD Group, another research firm.Designers and retailers have long thought of the plus-size as high-risk. Predicting what these customers will buy can be difficult, as they tend to be more cautious about styles. Making larger clothes is more expensive; but higher costs for fabric cannot always be passed on to consumers. ___68___ “We have money but nowhere to spend it,” says Kristine Thompson, who runs a blog which has nearly 150,000 followers on Instagram.At last, that is changing. Fast-fashion brands, including Forever 21 and a fashion line sold in partnership with Target, a giant retailer, have expanded their plus-size collections. ___69___ Revenue in the plus-size category increased by 14% between 2013 and 2016, compared with growth of 7% for all apparel (服装). Takings (营业额) were $21.3 billion last year. Social media has played an important role in changing attitudes in the fashion business, says Madeline Jones, editor and co-founder of PLUS Model Magazine.Nonetheless, designer brands still hold back. ___70___ For those that are willing to take a chance, several internet startups (创业公司) that deliver personally styled outfits to individuals, including plus-size women, offer data to “straight-size” designers.Not all plus-size shoppers are convinced. Laura Fuentes, a hairstylist from Abilene, Texas, says that many upmarket(高端市场的) department stores still keep their plus-size clothing sections poorly organized, badly stocked and dimly lit, if they stock larger clothes at all. Yet such complaints should be taken with a pinch of salt (有所保留), says Ms. Thompson. “We’re nowhere near where we should be but we’ve made progress,” she says.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sales strategiesHow can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective selling is for a company to first decide on its “sales strategy”. In other words, what is the role of the salesperson? Is the salesperson’s job narrative, suggestive, or consultative?The “narrative” sales strategy depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a standard sales presentation. His or her pitch highlights the benefit for the customer of a particular product or service. This approach is most effective for customers whose buying motives are basically the same.The “suggestive” approach is tailored more for the individual customer. The salesperson must be in a position to offer alternative recommendations that meet a particular customer’s needs. One key aspect of the suggestive approach is the need for the salesperson to engage the buyer in some sort of discussion. The salesperson can then use the information from the customer to suggest an appropriate product or service.The final strategy demands that a company’s sales staff act as “consultants” for the buyer. In this role, the salesperson must acquire a great deal of information about the customer. They do this through market research, surveys, and face-to-face discussions. Using this information, the salesperson makes a detailed presentation tailored to a consumer’s needs. More and more sales teams are switching from a narrative or a suggestive approach to a more consultative strategy. As a result, corporations value creativity and analytical skills.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72．越来越多的高中生开始关注他们的职业生涯规划。