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正高级政工师考试真题及答案
正高级政工师考试真题及答案一、单选题党的十九大提出的全面建设社会主义现代化国家的战略部署，第一个阶段从2020年到2035年，在基本实现现代化的基础上，再奋斗多少年，到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化？A. 5年B. 10年C. 15年D. 20年答案：C社会主义核心价值观包括哪些内容？A. 富强、民主、文明、和谐B. 自由、平等、公正、法治C. 爱国、敬业、诚信、友善D. 所有以上选项答案：D亚当·斯密在《道德情操论》中指出：“如果一个社会的经济发展成果不能真正分流到大众手中，那么它在道义上将是不得人心的，并且是有风险的，因为它注定会威胁到社会的稳定。
”这一观点启示我们要实现经济社会的健康协调发展，必须要处理好什么关系？A. 市场与政府的关系B. 国家与个人的关系C. 效率与公平的关系D. 积累与消费的关系答案：C新时代我国社会主要矛盾是什么？A. 人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾B. 人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾C. 政治体制改革与经济体制改革之间的矛盾D. 政府与市场的关系答案：B互联网是一个社会信息大平台，亿万网民在上面获得信息、交流信息，这会对他们的什么产生重要影响？A. 求知途径、思维方式、价值观念B. 国家C. 社会D. 工作、人生、家庭答案：A二、多选题思想政治工作的基本方式方法有哪些？A. 广泛组织开展主题教育活动和群众性精神文明创建活动B. 充分发挥大众传媒的重要作用C. 重视发挥文化的社会教育功能D. 注重运用先进典型引导和带动群众、充分发挥管理作用答案：ABCD坚持与时俱进，就是党的全部理论和全部工作要：A. 体现时代性B. 把握规律性C. 富于创造性D. 注重协调性答案：ABC下列关于全面深化改革的说法正确的是：A. 全面深化改革要坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度B. 全面深化改革要坚持和完善社会主义市场经济体制C. 全面深化改革要坚持和完善社会主义民主政治D. 所有以上选项均正确答案：D社会主义初级阶段的涵义是：A. 我国已经是社会主义社会B. 实现了生产的商品化、社会化的社会C. 任何国家进入社会主义都要经历的起始阶段D. 我国还处在社会主义初级阶段答案：AD下列情形中，属于工伤的有：A. 出差途中，与朋友喝酒醉倒受伤B. 上班期间，保安劝阻流氓骚扰本单位职工而遭殴打C. 演出公司职工在演唱会结束后收拾舞台时，吊灯坠落导致其伤害D. 上班途中，违反交通规则闯红灯，被机动车撞伤答案：BC三、简答题简述新时代我国经济发展的战略目标。
2022年9月英语六级真题+答案(全3套)
2022年9月英语六级真题答案（全3套）第1套（含听力原文）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “It is now widely accepted that mutual trust and openness is the key to promoting cooperation.” You can make comments, use examples, or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you musts choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Conversation oneM: Welcome to Money Matters,【Q1】a weekly program that helps you manage your money.Tonight, I'll be talking to Mary Johnson about budgeting.W: Hello everyone.M: There's a magic about money. When it's not planned for, tracked and kept a record of, it literally disappears. What are some of the steps we can take to prevent this from happening? W: Well, it's all about keeping track of your money. If you don't do that, you'll never be able to set any goals for your budget or have the discipline to stick to them.M: That's easier said than done.【Q2】1 read recently that only 41% of Americans adhere tot budget.W: Yes, but【Q3】knowing what you earn and what you spend can give you reassurance that you won't get into debt in the first place. You can do this by adding up all of your sources ofincome you have and writing them all down on a piece of paper. On the same page, write down all of your monthly expenses.M: I'm always amazed at how much my expenses add up, but designating each item as an income or an expense really helps me have a much better sense of all my spending.W: Right, most people have no idea how much they spend each day, let alone each week, or month, no matter how careful they are. Next, subtract your monthly expenses from income.If the result is positive, you are living within your means. If the result is a negative number, you're going to have to cut back on your spending.M: I'm usually a negative number. I just can't resist the allure of all those prestigious goods. W: Well, it's not a catastrophe, but you do have to make some changes. Try cutting back on those non-essential items, sell some stuff in your attic,【Q4】or shop online to avoidunnecessary temptations, like chocolate. Failing that you can always find yourself a part time job.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.What does the man say about the weekly program?A) It enables people to earn more money. B) It teaches the importance of financing.C) It helps people with budgeting. D) It introduces a novel way to invest.2.What did the man read recently?A) Many Americans are not satisfied with their income.B) Many Americans have no idea about how to invest.C) Most Americans do not know how to save money.D) Most Americans do not stick to a budget.3.What does the woman suggest the man do first to avoid getting into debt?A) Keep track of his money. B) Live within his means.C) Find more sources of income. D) Refrain from buying luxuries.4.What does the woman say about online shopping?A) It offers a greater variety of items. B) It helps avoid unnecessary spending.C) It changes one’s way of living. D) It saves one’s time for shopping. Conversation twoM: Hi there, I’ve come to see the flat, my name is Mark Adams. We spoke on the phone on Wednesday.W: Hi, Mark, come on up. I'll buzz you in Green door on the second floor on the right side.Nice to meet you. I spoke to all your references, and they all checked out OK. So let me show you around. The place actually belongs to my mother, but her health isn’t great, so we finally managed to persuade her to move in with us and rent this old place out.(Q5)M: It's a great size, plenty of space, very versatile. I think it's a winner for us.W: Yes, all the appliances are brand new. There's a washing machine and a tumble dryer in the utility room next to the kitchen.M: Lots of closet space too, which is fabulous. My wife has a ridiculous number of shoes. Now, the big question: What about noise and the neighbors? (Q6)W: Well, all the neighbors are elderly. So no noisy kids and the back of the house overlook a clear and peaceful pond, so it's perfect if tranquility is what you are looking for.M: That's good news. We've been living in a less than glamorous part of Aberdeen, constantly harassed day and night by noisy neighbors. Getting to work was a nightmare too, as we only have one car and my wife has to use it as she works nights at the hospital.W: Well, if you like the place, it's yours, as soon as I get a contract drawn up with the solicitor. The first month's rent and a deposit are mandatory on signing the contract,(Q7) Then we can work out when is the best day for you to pay rent each month.M: We’ll be incredibly happy to be your new tenants. Thank you so much. My wife will be thrilled to get out of the shabby place we are now in, and start filling those wardrobes with all those shoes.(Q8)Question 5-8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. What does the woman say about the flat?A) It is brand-new. B) It has plenty of rooms.C) It belongs to her mother. D) It has been vacant for months.6. What is the man's chief consideration in looking for a flat?A) Space B) Tranquility C) Appliances D) Location7. What does the man have to do on signing the contract?A) Talk to his wife about the contract terms.B) Pay the first month’s rent and a deposit.C) Check the references of the flat owner.D) Consult his solicitor one more time.8. Why does the man say his wife will feel very excited if they move into the flat?A) She can have a wonderful view of the pond.B) She will be much closer to her work place.C) She can make friends with new neighbours.D) She will have plenty of space for her shoes.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage one(Q9)A new study has found a positive correlation between how much television children watch and their parents stress levels. Why? Because the more television kids watch, the more they are exposed to advertising. The more advertising they see, the more likely they are to insist on purchasing items when they go with their parents to the store. This could generate conflict if the parents refuse. All that, researchers say, can contribute to parents' overall stress levels. What's the solution? Perhaps the most obvious is curtailing screen time. Commercial content is therefore a reason to elicit purchasing behavior. So, parents might want to shut off the TV. Researchers concede that this is easier said than done, so, (Q10) they suggest another option. Parents can change how they talk to their kids about purchases. The researchers suggest that parents seek input from their children on family purchasing decisions. They shouldn't try to control all purchases. Instead, parents might tell their children things like "I will listen to your advice on certain products or brands". This type of communication, the researchers assert, can lead to children making fewer purchasing demands that means less parents' stress. However, the protective effect of this kind of communication diminishes with greater exposure to television. This is because advertising aimed at children is especially persuasive. (Q11)Advertisers use an assortment of tactics, such as bright colors, happy music and celebrity endorsements to appeal to children. Plus, children don't have the cognitive ability to fully understand advertising's intent. That makes them particularly vulnerable to advertisementsQuestion 9 to 11are based on the recording you have just heard.9. What has the new study found about children watching television?A) The more commercials they see, the more brands they get to know.B) The more commercials they see, the more they adore celebrities.C) The more television they watch, the fewer conflicts in the family.D) The more television they watch, the greater their parents’ stress.10. What are parents advised to do to reduce the impact of TV commercials?A) Inform children of the family’s financial situation.B) Shift children’s attention to interesting activities.C) Involve children in making purchasing decisions.D) Help children understand advertising’s intent..11. What makes children particularly vulnerable to TV commercials?A) Their limited cognitive ability. B) Their strong natural curiosity.C) Their admiration for celebrities. D) Their lack of social experience.Passage twoEveryone is supposed to cheer for good guys, and we should only punish the bad guys. But that's not what we always do. Most of the time, we do indeed reward good people. We also often punish people who harm others, or who aren't good team players. But (Q12) sometimes the good guys also get punished or criticized specifically because they are so good. This seems baffling because it's detrimental to group cooperation. However, the phenomenon has been discovered in multiple fields，and it has been found in every society. Why does this happen?Research suggests a simple reason. When one person looks really good, others look bad by comparison. Those others then have an incentive in stopping that person from looking good, especially if they can't or won't compete. After all, (Q13) we're all judged in comparison with others. When faced with someone better, what can a normal person do? (Q14) 0ne option is to actively compete. A second option is to bring that person down. That is to suppress their cooperation or work ethic, and first selfish motives for their actions, or implied real or imagined hypocrisy. Other tactics include attacking them on unrelated dimensions or punishing them outright. Why does this matter? Critics often attack the motives of people who protect the environment, donate money, or work too hard. [Q15] Such good deeds are dismissed as naive or hypocritical by those who do not perform those deeds. This criticism may ultimately discourage people from doing good deeds so it's important to recognize these attacks for what they are. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the recording you have just heard.12. What baffling phenomenon is discussed in the passage?A) Bad guys may do good deeds. B) Bad guys may go unpunished.C) Good guys may not always cooperate. D) Good guys may get unfair treatment.13. How are we all judged according to the passage?A) By what we do. B) By fair evaluation.C) In comparison with others. D) In accordance with set standards.14. What can a normal person do when faced with people who perform better?A) Learn from them earnestly. B) Compete with them actively.C) Leave them alone temporarily. D) Cooperate with them sincerely.15. What may discourage people from performing good deeds?A) Being dismissed as hypocritical. B) Not getting the reward they deserve.C) Having to make too many sacrifices. D) Being misunderstood by people around.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording oneIn America, most researchers concede that boys and girls are brought up in different ways, taught different skills and rewarded for different acts. Women, it is agreed excel at certain tasks, men at others. There is little argument that some personality traits appear more dominant in one sex than in the other. All of this notwithstanding, gender differences is very much in the media these days.Since the rise of the women's movement, gender role behavior has come under closer scrutiny. How has this affected friendship? How do the sexes differ in their friendship relations? Most pre teen children have a best friend who is usually some one of the same sex and similar age. Both sexes share an essentially positive recollection of these childhood friendships (Q16). They do not differ in this respect. However, the type of play engaged in during these early friendships is telling of the difference to come. Boys tend to form play groups that are competitive in nature. Girls groups more frequently revolve around cooperative enterprises. Thus at an early age, boys become concerned with trying hard and winning. While girls, by contrast, play house and school, engaging in roles that require complementary support of their childhood. Men recall being highly responsive to and aware of the gender role opinions of other boys. Girls in preteen years appear to be less susceptible to gender role pressure. It is not until the dating years that women report being concerned with feminine behavior. Males, for the most part, are responsive to the suggestion that their behavior is unmanly at almost any age.These early attitudes reinforced by social conditioning continue to play an active part in the friendships of both sexes during adolescence. This is a period when the majority of males, once again, report a close alliance with same sex friends.(Q17)Now, however, with heightened intensity, considerable energy is devoted, competing for position and a definite undercurrent of competition permeates the relationship. Although in dissimilar fashion, females share equally fragile relationships at this age. For them, bond of loyalty extends only to the line of romantic involvement. This is most apt to be the case in late adolescence, when dating and relationships with boys take sharp precedence over sister hood. (Q18) Actually, dating dilutes the intensity of same sex friendships for men, also for the majority of us. The moment we begin to date seriously. There's a competition between romance and friendship.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. Does the speaker say about most preteen children?A) They are increasingly aware of gender differences.B) They engage themselves in positive recollection.C) They begin to see the importance of friendship.D) They make friends with peers of the same sex.17. What do most males devote much of their energy to during adolescence?A) Competing for position. B) Pursuing fashion.C) Forging close ties with friends. D) Fulfilling family obligations.18. What do children do when they reach late adolescence?A) They prioritize romance over friendship.B) They try to strengthen same-sex friendships.C) They begin to take friendship more seriously.D) They compete intensely for romantic partners.Recording twoGood afternoon. Today's lecture, we’ll be talking about how and when to disclose a disability, when applying for a job, on average, about 20% of the population has some form of disability. Most countries these days have equal opportunity and nondiscrimination laws. Yet, disabled people often find it hard to decide when how and if at all, to raise their disability problem, potential employer, there is uncertainty about how a recruiter will perceive their disability. (Q19)As such, many candidates fear they wouldn't be considered for a position as a result of disclosing this personal information. And research has validated this as a genuine concern for many job applicants. It's a natural reaction, but it shouldn't be a reason to stay quiet. People need to remember that they are applying for a position they have the skills and experience to excel in discussing a disability. Potential employer may help them make reasonable workplace adjustments in their favor. It's most appropriate to discuss a disability, when they reply to confirm an interview. (Q20)This information needn't be put up front in their cover letter or resume, because it's probably not relevant to the position itself. Candidates with disabilities should feel they have the power to make their own decisions around sharing this information free from prejudice. They find an organization that doesn't celebrate diversity and inclusion. It could say a lot about the company's culture. Perhaps the organization isn't the right fit.It's important for them to remember that they are seeking a manager and employer that's going to be supportive and continue to give them a great employment experience. Companies sometimes offer candidates the chance to disclose disabilities on their application form, but people shouldn't feel restricted by this method or timing. People should avoid sharing the name of their disability or condition. (Q21) There is always the risk that the recruiter will research information that is inaccurate or irrelevant.If people don't think their disability will impact their ability to perform in the advertised position, then it's entirely their entitlement to choose when and whether to share this Information. Questions 19 to 20 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. Why do disable job applicants feel reluctant to disclose their disability?A) They regard it as a matter of sheer privacy.B) They are worried about being turned down.C) They fear that their condition will be made widely known.D) They are afraid to be discriminated against once recruited.20. When does the speaker suggest applicants reveal their disability Information?A) After receiving a job offer. B) During a job interview.C) When confirming an interview. D) Upon completing a cover letter.21. What are people advised to do when filling out their job application form?A) Describe the true state of their health.B) Provide all the information required.C) Stress the irrelevance of their disability to the job.D) Avoid mentioning the name of their disability.Recording threeSmart phones distract attention and reduce learning because of their potential to offer activities more inviting than study. But what about background Sound alone? A group of American researchers compared students’ comprehension of verbal material, when reading in the presence of background speech, instrumental music or general noise is neutral, such as that from the sound of an air conditioner or fan.Students’ scores were most depressed in the presence of background speech.(Q22) Comprehension was slightly better with the presence of music than with speech. However, when they were asked to identify melodies, rather than understand text, background music interfered more. When the background speech was in a language unfamiliar to participants, there was little if any hindrance of reading comprehension.British researchers compared the effects of background speech, vocal music, instrumental music, general background noise, and silence on short term memory. Background speech had the biggest negative effect. (Q23) Vocal music was slightly more disruptive than instrumental.In general, background noise and silence were least disruptive. It seems the degree of interference from background noise depends on the overlap between the processing required on the task, and the processing required screening out the background noise. The studies suggest that when people read, when they try to remember any verbal material, background speech will inhibit their ability.Instrumental music will have, at worst, a slight effect. When students write essays, however, other research has found it is best to reduce all background noise as much as possible. (Q24) Not everyone reacts in the same way to distractions. Other studies suggest some aspects of personality may make a difference. The researchers subjected shy, quiet people and confident, outgoing ones to high arousal or low arousal background music, general noise or silence while asking them to remember words. Everyone performed best in the silent condition, but less sociable people were more negatively affected by each of the distractions.(Q25) So when children are reading and trying to incorporate new material, parents could consider allowing some background music, particularly if it is instrumental, and their child is the outgoing type.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. What did some American researchers find about students reading comprehension in thepresence of background noise?A) Their scores were least affected by music with speech.B) It was the poorest when there was background speech.C) Their scores were most depressed with instrumental music.D) It was disrupted by the sound of an air conditioner or fan.23. What do we learn from the British researchers about the degree of interference frombackground noise?A) It has to do with the type and volume of the background noise.B) It has to do with short-term memory for listening comprehension.C) It depends on the overlap in processing different kinds of information.D) It depends on the participants’ ability to concentrate on the task at hand.24. What is best for students to do when writing essays according to some research?A) Keep everything as quiet as possible.B) Play nothing but instrumental music.C) Use vocal material as little as possible.D) Wear a pair of earphones or headphones.25. How do people of different personalities react to distractions according to other studies?A) Sociable people were immune to all distractions.B) Shy quiet people were most adversely impacted.C) Less outgoing people were more affected by silence.D) Confident people were unaffected by high-arousal music.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter: Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passageThe now extinct passenger pigeon has the dubious honor of being the last species anyone ever expected to disappear. At one point, there were more passenger pigeons than any other species of bird. Rough 26 of their population went as high as five billion and they accounted for around 40 percent of the total indigenous bird population of North America in the early 19th century.Despite their huge population, passenger pigeons were 27 to human intrusion into their nesting territory. Their nests were shabby things and two weeks after the eggs 28 , the parent pigeons would abandon their offspring, leaving them to take care of themselves. People discovered that these baby pigeons were really tasty, and the adult birds were also quite 29 . Firstthe Native Americans and then the transplanted Europeans came to consider the birds a great 30 .By the 1850s, commercial trapping of passenger pigeons was proceeding at an 31 pace. Hundreds of thousands of the birds were being harvested every day to be made into popular pigeon pies. In addition, large 32 of the pigeons’ nesting territory were being cleared away for planting crops and creating pasture land. As numerous as the passenger pigeons were, they were not an 33 resource. By the 1880s, it was noticed that the bird population had become seriously 34 . The last passenger pigeons killed in the wild were shot in 1899.Eventually those billions and billions of birds shrank to a single remaining 35 , a passenger pigeon named Martha, who died on September 1, 1914, in captivity at the Cincinnati Zoo. In addition to being the end of an era, it was also the first time humans were able to exactly time the extinction of a species.A. vulnerableB. unprecedentedC. tractsD. specimenE. robustF. refugeG. plazasH. infiniteI. hatchedJ. expiredK. excerpts L. estimates M. edible N. depleted O. delicacy Section BDirections：In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter：Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Is computer coding a foreign language?A) As computer coding has become an increasingly sought-after skill, more K- 12 schools areworking it into their curriculums. Some states have considered allowing students to forgo (放弃) foreign language for coding classes, despite opposition from educators.B) There’s a debate over whether it’s appropriate to teach coding in elementary schools, withfierce opinions on each side. When it comes to allowing coding to fill foreign language requirements, though, most educators agree: Coding should be added to curriculums, but not at the expense of foreign language classes.C) The idea is that computer programming is a language, allowing people to communicate withmachines and programs. It’s the language of the 21st century and more valuable than a natural language, some advocates argue. The computer science field is growing faster than schools can keep up because of budget constraints and a lack of skills training for teachers. D) According to the 2016 U.S. News/Raytheon STEM Index, computer science jobs havehelped boost wages in the U.S., and computer-related jobs hold the top seven positions in STEM fields for highest number of workers. Foreign language interest, on the other hand, is declining for the first time since 1995. The number of higher education language enrollments declined between 2009 and 2013 by more than 111,000 spots, according to the Modern Language Association of America.E) “I think the opportunity to give people a choice is important,” says Florida state SenatorJeremy Ring, who introduced a bill last year that would allow Florida students to choosebetween foreign language and coding classes for the purpose of university admissions requirements. “I think if you’re going to give two years of language in high school, you might as well do computer coding.”F) The Florida bill died this year after passing 35:5 in the state Senate when the full Legislaturefailed to take action. It would have been the first state to try this initiative. Ring says that although he will be out of office, an identical bill will be reintroduced within the next year by others on his behalf. “In the speech I gave on the Senate floor, I said, ‘We can be the first state to do this, or we can be the 50th state to do it. It’s our choice. It’s going to happen’” Ring says.G) A Kentucky bill similar to the one in Florida was met with complaints from educators, andwas then amended to promote computer science education initiatives with no mention of foreign language requirements. Instead, the state will provide support for higher quality certified teachers for programming classes. Under the Washington bill, public universities would accept two years of computer science classes in place of two years of foreign language for admission purposes. A report detailing the opinions of state university officials is due to the Legislature by November 2017.H) Texas passed a bill in 2013 that allows students to substitute computer coding only after theyhave attempted and performed poorly in a foreign language class. Srini Mandyam, CTO and co- founder of kid- friendly instructional coding company Tynker, believes allowing students to forgo foreign language because they struggle with it is unproductive because every subject, whether art, math or language, is a significant contribution to a well-rounded existence.“Many students don’t fare well with algebra but we never discuss eliminating it or…say chemistry is now counted as an algebra class,” he said via email. “We teach algebra because it’s important and we should teach foreign language and coding for the same reason.Exposure to a wide breadth of subjects and material results in well-rounded students who are able to make informed decisions…about what they want to pursue.”I) Computer science courses already fulfill a math or science high school graduationrequirement in 28 states and the District of Columbia, up from only 12 states in 2013. And while advocates of the bills say they should count as foreign language instead, opponents stress the importance of balancing computer and foreign language skills.J) Studies show that bilingualism (双语) correlates with cognitive development, intelligence, memory and problem solving abilities, according to the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. A 2007 study showed that foreign language students outperformed their non- foreign language peers on standardized tests after only two to three years of study.And while a 2014 report from German and American universities suggests that programmers are using language (but not mathematical) regions of the brain when understanding code, critics remain wary. They say that regardless of cognitive functions, being monolingual is a disadvantage in the increasingly international economy, even if English has become the de facto (事实上的) language of business.K) “Our world is shrinking but its problems are really growing,” says ACTFL National。
公务员考试试题真题及答案大全
公务员考试试题真题及答案大全公务员考试是许多人梦寐以求的事业选择之一。
为了帮助考生更好地备考，提高考试成绩，我们汇集了一系列公务员考试真题及答案，希望能为广大考生提供参考与帮助。
一、行测部分1.下列哪个词是近义词？A. 悲伤B. 开心C. 动荡D. 安定答案：A. 悲伤解析：近义词是指意义相近或相似的词语。
选项中，除了“A. 悲伤”外，其他选项的意思与悲伤不符。
2.某种商品原价为100元，现在打9折出售，买家购买该商品后，还有一元钱零钱找回。
那么这种情况下该商品的实际折扣是多少？A. 5%B. 9%C. 10%D. 90%答案：C. 10%解析：打9折即为原价的90%，而购买商品后还有一元钱零钱找回，说明实际支付了89元，那么实际折扣就是100元-89元=11元，即11%。
所以实际折扣为100% - 11% = 89%。
进一步换算为十分制即为10%。
二、申论部分题目：请就当前城市交通拥堵问题，提出解决方案。
答案：面对当前城市交通拥堵问题，我们可以从以下几个方面着手解决：1. 加强公共交通建设：增加地铁线路、公交车辆，并提高运行频率，以提升公共交通系统的便捷性和吸引力，减少私家车使用。
2. 推广绿色出行方式：鼓励市民步行、骑行和使用电动车等环保出行方式，以减少车辆排放对环境的污染和交通拥堵的负面影响。
3. 实施交通管理措施：严格执法，加大对违章停车、乱停乱放等交通违法行为的处罚力度；同时，加强路况监测和导航系统的建设，为市民提供及时、准确的交通信息。
4. 调整工作和学习时间：灵活安排上下班和上学时间，避免高峰期集中出行，缓解交通压力。
5. 优化道路规划与建设：合理规划道路布局，设计合理的交通流线，提高道路通行能力，增设公共停车设施，鼓励车辆停放在指定区域。
总之，解决城市交通拥堵问题需要政府、市民及相关部门的共同努力与配合。
只有形成全社会的共识，并采取科学合理的措施，才能有效减少城市交通拥堵，提升市民的出行感受和生活质量。
辽宁省考行测历年真题及答案
辽宁省考行测历年真题及答案（满分100分时间120分钟）一、单选题（每题只有一个正确答案，答错、不答或多答均不得分）1.下列不是社会公德的主要内容的选项是（）。
A.勤俭持家B.助人为乐C.文明礼貌D.爱护公物【答案】：A2.2014年6月某日，出租车司机万某将自己的出租车停靠在公交车站招揽生意。
期间，有多辆公交车经停该车站，万某均不让道。
公交车只好靠前或靠后停车，让在车站等候的乘客上车。
某路公交车准备进站，司机李某见公交车站的停车位被万某占用，只好减速，准备将车停于出租车的后面。
站牌下候车的乘客见到公交车进站，一拥而上，奔向该公交车。
李某见状，将车向前驱动，打算将车停在出租车的左前侧。
已经跑出一段距离的乘客见状，又向回跑。
乘客于某由于上车心切，没有注意安全，在追车的过程中，被旁边的乘客挤倒，摔倒在公交车右侧后车轮下，被碾轧致死。
在此次事故中，公交车一方应当承担：（）。
A.次要责任B.同等责任C.主要责任D.不承担责任【答案】：B3.下列属于公文结尾用语的是（）。
A.现报告于后B.特通知如下C.特此通告D.现请示如下【答案】：C4.下面哪个成语与秦始皇有关？（）1/ 9A.图穷匕见B.奇货可居C.指鹿为马【答案】：A5.《礼记·中庸》记载：“莫见乎隐，莫显乎微，故君子慎其独也。
”在职业道德中，“慎独”启示我们（）。
A.即使没有监督，也要管好自己B.向优秀的“榜样”看齐C.处理人际关系要言听计从D.不断进行自我反省，自我否定【答案】：A6.我国古代有许多计量单位﹐比如诗句“黄河远上白云间，一片孤城万仞山”中得“仞”，一仞约相当于:（）A.一个成年人得高度B.成年人一臂得长度【答案】：B7.以下关于人类疾病的描述，不正确的一项是（）。
A.系统性红斑狼疮属于一种人类自身免疫性疾病B.目前，世界上每年致死人数最多的疾病是癌症C.糖尿病的主要并发症是由动脉硬化引起的D.使用鸡尾酒疗法可以有效延缓艾滋病发病进程【答案】：B8.下列关于国债的表述正确的是（）。
行测真题及答案解析
行测真题及答案解析第一部分常识判断 (共25题)1. 根据《中华人民共和国宪法》，我国的政权组织形式是：A. 人民民主专政B. 人民代表大会制度C. 统一的多民族国家D. 中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度解析：选B，人民民主专政是国体，人民代表大会制是政体。
2.下列不属于公务员的是：A.某县党委委员B.某市工商行政管理局干部C.某国有企业工人D.某民主党派机关干部解析：选C，参见公务员报考职位表，除了参公职位，剩下都是公务员。
3.下列不属于刑事处罚的是：A.罚金B.管制C.拘留D.拘役解析：选C，拘留有行政拘留、司法拘留和刑事拘留，刑事拘留是依据《刑事诉讼法》而采用的强制措施，不是一种处罚。
治安拘留是依据《治安处罚条例》采用的一种处罚办法。
司法拘留是强制措施，同时也兼有处罚性质，它的法律依据是《民事诉讼法》和《行政诉讼法》。
我国刑罚种类分主刑和附加刑两大类。
主刑包括管制、拘役、有期徒刑、无期徒刑和死刑5种。
主刑是处罚犯罪的基本刑罚，只能独立适用，不能附加使用。
这意味着对一项罪行只能使用一个主刑。
附加刑包括罚金、剥夺政治权利、没收财产和驱逐出境。
附加刑是处罚犯罪的从刑，既可以独立使用也可以附加适用，对一项罪行甚至可以附加使用数个附加刑。
4.推翻了统治中国几千年的君主专制制度的辛亥革命属于：A.资产阶级革命B.无产阶级革命C.新民主主义革命D.工人阶级革命解析：选A，辛亥革命属于资产阶级领导的旧民主主义革命。
5.“修身”“齐家”“治国”“平天下”出自：A.道家典籍B.儒家典籍C.墨家典籍D.法家典籍解析：选B，中国古代儒家思想中的一个重要概念，源于《礼记‧大学》八目——格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国、平天下。
6.下列提法错误的是：A.七情：喜怒哀乐爱恶欲B.国画四君子：梅兰竹菊C.四库：经史子集D.岁寒三友：松竹梅解析：选A，不同的学术、门派、宗教对七情六欲的定义稍有不同。
但是所有的说法都承认七情六欲是不可避免的。
成考试卷真题及答案解析
成考试卷真题及答案解析【正文】一、选择题1. 下列诗句中，表达了诗人情感的是：A. "富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移"B. "我有所念人皆远"C. "悠悠苍天，此何人哉"D. "人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青"答案：B 解析：诗人通过"我有所念人皆远"表达了自己内心的不满和孤独。
2. 下列句子中，运用了比喻修辞手法的是：A. "月出惊山鸟，时鸣春涧中"B. "湖光秋月两相和"C. "我心如秋月，洁白明净"D. "山行的人们像飞鸟一样"答案：C 解析：比喻是一种修辞手法，"我心如秋月，洁白明净"就是通过将心与秋月进行比喻，以强调心的洁白和明净。
二、填空题1. 一封信是人与人之间的一种______。
答案：纽带解析：纽带是联系的意思，一封信可以起到联系人与人之间的作用。
2. 人类社会发展的基础是______。
答案：劳动解析：劳动是人类社会发展的基础，只有通过劳动，社会才能不断进步。
三、简答题1. 什么是知识？答案：知识是人类对客观事物的了解、掌握和运用，是对客观世界规律的认识和反映。
知识是人类社会发展的重要基础，它推动着科技进步、文化繁荣和人类福祉的提升。
通过获得知识，人们能够更好地理解世界，提高自己的能力和素质，为个人的发展和社会的进步做出贡献。
2. 成语是什么？答案：成语是汉语词汇中的一种特殊形式，是一种固定搭配的词组。
它具有一定的意义，并且具有惯用的语境和习惯的用法，可以用来表达具体的思想内容、抒发感情或形容事物。
成语是中华民族独有的语言珍宝，它既能够反映出中华民族的文化底蕴，又能够丰富汉语表达的内涵和韵味。
成语在日常生活和文学创作中得到广泛的应用，成为汉语独特的表达方式和文化符号。
四、解答题1. 运用你所学的知识，写一篇关于环保的短文。
历年行测真题及答案解析
国家公务员录用考试《行政职业能力测验》试题第一部分数量关系(共15题，参考时限15分钟)本部分包括一种类型的试题。
数学运算，完成1～15题。
你可以在草稿纸上运算，遇到难题，你可以跳过不做，待你有时间再返回来做。
1.96÷42的值是（）。
A.5B.7C.8D.62.782+222+2×78×22的值是（）。
A.10000B.1000C.1500D.200003.(313－312－31)÷31的值是（）。
A.929B.939C.919D.8294.出租车在开始10千米以内收费10.4元，以后每走1千米，收费1.6元，请问走20千米需收多少钱?（）A.20.8B.26C.26.4D.205.水结冰后，体积比原来增加1/11，1.1升水结冰后的体积是多少升?（）A.1.2B.1.21C.1.1D.1.06.2小时25分合多少秒?（）A.8750B.9650C.8700D.97007.一单位运来34吨煤，烧了18吨，烧了的比剩下的多几分之几?（）A.1/8B.1/9C.1/6D.1/108.李华每周储蓄35元，如果他现在已有100元存款，那么需多少天他能买上一台价值240元的割草机?（）A.4B.6C.28D.219.一间会议室，长8.5米，宽6米，用长20厘米，宽10厘米的长方形砖铺地，要用多少块?（）A.2550B.2500C.2450D.265010. 用同样长的铁丝围成三角形、圆形、正方形、菱形，其中面积最大的是（）。
A.正方形B.菱形C.三角形D.圆形11. 一只猫每天吃由食品A和食品B搅拌成的食物300克，食品A的蛋白质含量为10%，食品B的蛋白质含量为15%。
如果该猫每天需要38克蛋白质，问食物中食品A的比重是百分之几?（）A.47％B.40%C.13D.50%12. 某次测验有50道判断题，每做对一题得3分，不做或做错一题倒扣1分，某学生共得82分，问答对题数和答错题数相差多少?（）A.33B.99C.17D.1613. 某单位有青年员工85人，其中68人会骑自行车，62人会游泳，既不会骑车又不会游泳的有12人，则既会骑车又会游泳的有()人。
真题及答案
真题20一、单选题(共80题，每小题1分，共80分。
每题的备选答案中，只有一个是正确的，选对得1分，多选、不选或错选均得0分。
)1、技术风险不包括以下（）。
Ａ、核辐射Ｂ、空气污染Ｃ、经营亏损Ｄ、噪音2、依据风险标的分类，风险可分为财产保险、（）、责任保险与信用保险。
A、火灾保险B、人身保险C、养殖业保险D、保证保险3、风险管理的过程包括风险识别、风险估测、风险评价、（）和评估风险管理效果等。
A、选择风险管理技术B、风险转移C、风险消灭D、风险分散4、以最小的成本获得最大的安全保障是风险管理的（）。
A、基本作用B、基本职能C、基本目标D、基本宗旨5、在种类、品质、性能和价值等方面大体相近的风险单位被称之为（）。
A、同质风险B、相同风险C、同类风险D、可比风险6、保险充分体现了“一人为众，众人为一”的思想。
这说明，保险具有（）。
A、经济性B、互助性C、科学性D、商品性7、保险资金在融通过程中，应该遵循一定的原则，下列错误的选项是（）A、安全性B、合法性C、效益性D、科学性8、编制了第一张生命表，并首次运用于人寿保险的计算，为现代人寿保险定点数理基础的是（）A、劳艾德B、哈雷C、巴蓬D、毕守敬9、保险合同特征之一的射幸性的含义是（）。
A保险人必须履行赔付义务B保险人并不必然履行赔付义务C投保人缴纳保险费，保险人必须履行赔付义务D投保人履行告知义务，保险人必须履行赔付义务10、保险人是否履行保险合同订立时尚不确定，而是取决于偶然的、不确定的保险事故是否发生。
这说明保险合同属于（）A、单务合同B、射幸合同C、附和合同D、诚信合同11、与保险人订立保险合同，并按照保险合同负有支付保险费义务的人被称为（）。
A、被保险人B、投保人C、受益人D、代理人12、李某于2002年12月12日向保险公司购买保险，保险公司在当日签发了保险单，约定保险期限为2002年12月13日零时起至2003年12月12日24时止，并注明交纳第一笔保险费的次日零时保险公司才开始承担保险责任，李某于2002年12月20日交纳第一笔保险费。
数字推理真题有答案
2008山东行测31.5，7，4，6，4，6，（ ）。
A.4B.5C.6D.732.2，5，13，38，（ ）。
A.121B.116C.106D.9133.3，10，21，35，51，（ ）。
A.59B.66C.68D.72 34.,1417,1,75,52,41（ ）。
A.1725 B.1726 C. 1925 D.1926 35.1.01，1.02，2.03，3.05，5.08，（ ）。
A.8.13B.8.013C.7.12D.7.0122008年天津市第二部分 数量关系(共15题，参考时限10分钟)本部分包括两种类型的试题：一、数字推理：共5题。
给你一个数列，但其中缺少一项，要求你仔细观察数列的排列规律，然后从四个供选择的选项中选择你认为最合理的一项，来填补空缺项，使之符合原数列的排列规律。
1.3，0，5，-2，7 ( )。
A.9B.0C.-9D.-42.6，11，17，( )，45。
A.22B.25C.28D.303.12，36，80，150，( )。
A.201B.216C.248D.2524.23，31，44，52，66，( )。
A.80B.84C.72D.745.2，9，64，625，( )。
A. 1728B.3456C.7776D.51842010江西一、数字推理给你一个数列，但其中缺少一项，要求你仔细观察数列的排列规律，然后从四个供选择的选项中选择你认为最合理的一项，来填补空缺项，使之符合原数列的排列规律。
请开始答题：36.6，7，5，8，4，9，（）A.5B.10C.3D.437.-1,6,25,62,( )A.87B.105C.123D.13238.232,364,4128,52416,( )A.64832B.624382C.723654D.8754439.4,5,7,9,13,15,( )A.17B.19C.18D.2040.3,3,4,5,7,7,11,9,( )A.13,11B.16,12C.18,11D.17,1341.0,1,5,23,119,( )A.719B.721C.599D.52142.12,19,29,47,78,127,( )A.199B.235C.145D.23943.1/2,1,4/3,19/12,( )A.118/60B.119/19C.109/36D.107/6044.9,17,13,15,14,( )A.13B.14C.13.5D.14.545.1,3/4,9/5,7/16,25/9,( )A.15/38B.11/36C.14/27D.18/292009江西一、数字推理。
行测真题及答案
行测真题及答案请起头答题：1．北京奥运会“和”包含的思惟源自：（）。
A．墨家B．道家C．儒家D．法学2．鼎新开放三十周年，三十年前我国经济体系体例鼎新始于（）。
A．上海B．安徽C．广东D．浙江3．经济学上所推重的“橄榄型”支出分派布局是指低支出和高支出绝对较少，中等支出占绝年夜大都的支出分派布局。
我国正在采纳办法，实行“提低、扩中、调高、打非、保困”的目标，使支出分派朝着“橄榄型”标的目的成长，这首要是为了增进：（）。
A．出产力成长B．效力的进步C．社会的公允D．内需的扩展4．新中国建立今后，我国当局拟定了“两弹一星”的计谋决议计划，这一计谋方针的完成是在：（）。
A．20世纪50-60年月B．年夜跃进期间C．20世纪60-70年月D．文革期间5．从2019年除夕起我国当局正式打消了延续2600年的农业税，我国农业税的征收始于：（）。
A．年龄期间鲁国的初税亩B．战国期间的商鞅变法C．秦代的按亩征税D．西汉的编户齐平易近6．地热资本、太阳能、水能资本均丰硕的地域是：（）。
A．青藏高原B．海南岛C．塔里木盆地D．四川盆地7．以下表述毛病的一项是（）。
A．神舟七号载人航天飞机美满乐成，标记着我国成为天下上第二个自力把握空间出舱关头手艺的国度B．本年5月12日产生的四川汶川特年夜地动是新中国建立以来粉碎性最强、涉及规模最广，救灾害度最年夜的一次地动C．党的十七年夜陈述明白提出，要更好实行科教兴国计谋、人材强国计谋、可延续成长计谋D．迷信成长不雅，第一要所以成长、焦点是以报酬本、根基要求是周全调和可延续成长8．晚于欧洲文艺回复活动（14至15世纪）的汗青年夜事是（）。
A．成吉思汗同一蒙古B．哥白尼提出“日心说”C．英国的工业反动D．毕昇发现活字印刷术9．我国带领人屡次暗示，西藏事务完满是中国际政。
“西藏成绩”的本色是（）。
A．主权成绩B．宗教成绩C．人权成绩D．平易近族成绩10．以下骨气依照时候挨次排遣准确的是（）。
2024管综数学真题(含详细解答过程)
2024管综数学真题及答案一、问题求解：本大题共15个小题，每小题3分，共45分.下列每题给出的五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的.请在答题卡．．．上将所选项的字母涂黑.1.甲股票上涨20%后的价格与乙股票下跌20%后的价格相等，则甲、乙股票的原价格之比为（）.A.1:1B.1:2C.2:1D.3:2E.2:3【答案】E【解析】 1.20.8P P ⋅=⋅甲乙，可得:2:3P P =甲乙，答案选E2.将3张写有不同数字的卡片随机地排成一排，数字面朝下.翻开左边和中间的2张卡片，如果中间卡片上的数字大，那么取中间的卡片，否则取右边的卡片.则取出的卡片上的数字的最大的概率为（）.A.56B.23 C.12D.13E.14【答案】C【解析】假设3个不同的数为1、2、3，那么要想把3拿出来，排序方法只能是132，231，213（如果是123，翻出,1、2之后拿走2），所以概率为313!2=，答案选C.3.甲乙两人参加健步运动.第一天两人走的步数相同，此后甲每天都比前一天多走700步，乙每天走的步数保持不变.若乙前7天走的总步数与甲前6天走的总步数相同，则甲第7天走了（）步.A.10500B.13300C.14000D.14700E.15400【答案】D【解析】假设第一天的步数为1a ，第n 天的步数为n a ，那么{}n a 为公差是700的等差数列.有167a S =，可得115a d =，72114700a d ==，答案选D.4.函数422516()x x f x x ++=的最小值为（）.A.12B.13C.14D.15E.16【答案】B【解析】根据均值定理，可得4222251616()5513x x f x x x x ++==++≥+，所以，答案选B.5.已知点(0,0)O ，(,1)A a ，(2,)B b ，(1,2)C ，如果四边形OABC 是平行四边形，则a b +=（）.A.3B.4C.5D.6E.7【答案】B【解析】平行四边形对角线交于各自的中点，有02122a ++=，且01222b ++=，可得1,3a b ==，选B.6.已知等差数列{}n a 满足231450a a a a =+，且2315a a a a +<+，则公差为（）.A.2B.2- C.5D.5- E.10【答案】C【解析】2315a a a a +<+即112324a d a d +<+，有0d >，所以231450a a a a =+可得225d =， 5.d =答案选C.7.已知,,m n k 都是正整数，若10m n k ++=，则,,m n k 的取值方法有（）.A.21种B.28种C.36种D.45种E.55种【答案】C【解析】采用“隔板法”，非空共有312101998362!C C --⋅===种，答案选C.8.如图1，正三角形ABC 的边长为3，以A 为圆心，以2为半径作圆弧，再分别以B C 、为圆心，以1为半径作圆弧，则阴影面积为（）.9342π934π-9382π938π-3342π-【答案】B【解析】用正三角形的面积减去3934π,答案选B.9.在雨季，某水库的需水量已达警戒水位，同时上游来水注入水库，需要及时泄洪.若开4个泄洪闸，则水库的蓄水量到安全水位要8天；若开5个泄洪闸，则水库的蓄水量到安全水位要6天；若开7个泄洪闸，则水库的蓄水量到安全水位要（）.A.4.8天 B.4天C.3.6天D.3.2天E.3天【答案】B【解析】假设总共量为24份，1个闸口放水效率为x ，进水效率为y ，可得3445x y x y=-⎧⎨=-⎩可得，1,1x y ==，水库的蓄水量到安全水位要24471=-天，答案选B.10.如图2，在三角形点阵中，第n 行及其上方所有点个数为n a ，如121,3a a ==，已知n a 是平方数且1100n a <<，则n a =（）.图1A.16B.25C.36D.49E.81【答案】C【解析】设每行的点数为n b ，显然n b n =，那么n a 即数列{}n b 的前n 项和，所以1(1)2n a n n =+，又1100n a <<，且na 是平方数，可知唯有189362n a =⋅⋅=，答案选C.图211.如图3.在边长为2的正三角形材料中，裁剪出一个半圆型.已知，半圆的直径在三角形的一条边上，则这个半圆的面积最大为（）A.38π B.35πC.34π D.14π E.12π【答案】A【解析】要让剪裁的半圆面积最大，则让半圆内切三角形，可得半径32，所以半圆的面积为2133()228ππ=，答案选A.图312.甲、乙两码头相距100千米，一艘游轮从甲地顺流而下，到达乙地用了4小时，返回时游轮的静水速度增加了25%，用了5小时，则航道的水流速度为（）A.3.5km/h B.4km/hC.4.5km/hD.5km/hE.5.5km/h【答案】D【解析】根据题意，有255204v v v v +=⎧⎪⎨-=⎪⎩水船水船可得，5v =水，答案选D.13.如图4，圆柱形容器的底面半径为2r ，将半径为r 的铁头放入容器后，液面的高度为r ，液面原来的高度为（）.A.6rB.3r C.2r B.D.23r E.56r 【答案】E图4【解析】水的体积=总体积-半球的体积，有233210(2)33V r r r r ππ=⋅-=水，可得原来的高度32105/436h r r r ππ==，答案选E.14.有4种不同的颜色，甲乙两人各随机选2种，则两人颜色完全相同的概率为（）.A.16B.19C.112D.118E.136【答案】A【解析】概率为24224416C P C C ==⋅，答案选A.15.设非负实数,x y 满足28122xy x y x ≤≤⎧⎪⎨≤≤⎪⎩，则2x y +的最大值为（）.A.3B.4C.5D.8E.10【答案】E【解析】见图5，可知，在点(2,4）处，2x y +有最大值10，答案选E.图5二、条件充分性判断：本大题共10个小题，每小题3分，共30分.解题说明：A.条件（1）充分，但条件（2）不充分.B.条件（2）充分，但条件（1）不充分.C.条件（1）和（2）单独都不充分，但条件（1）和（2）联合起来充分.D.条件（1）充分，条件（2）也充分.E.条件（1）和（2）单独都不充分，条件（1）和（2）联合起来也不充分.16.已知贷中有红、白、黑三种颜色的球若干个，随机抽取1球.则该球是白球的概率大于14.（1）红球数量最少;（2）黑球数量不到一半.【答案】C【解析】方法一：单独看条件都不充分，由条件（2），有1{}2P <黑，则11{}1{}122P P =->-=白或红黑，又由条件（1），可知{}{}P P >白红，可知12{}{}2P P >>白白或红，所以1{}4P >白.答案选C.方法二：只有联合（1）、（2）才能得出三种球的数量比例，一般选C.17.已知n 是正整数，则2n 除以3余1.（1）n 除以3余1（2）n 除以3余2【答案】D【解析】条件（1），令31n k =+，可得22961n k k =++，可得2n 除以3余1.条件（1）充分；条件（2），令32n k =+，可得229124n k k =++，可得2n 除以3余1.条件（2）也充分.18.设二次函数2()1f x ax bx =++，则能确定a b <.（1）曲线()y f x =关于直线1x =对称（2）曲线()y f x =与直线2y =相切【答案】C【解析】因为是二次函数，有0a ≠.条件（1），有12ba-=，无法确定a b <，条件（1）不充分；条件（2），有2424a b a -=，即214b a-=，无法确定a b <，条件（2）不充分.联合条件（1）、（2）可得1,2a b =-=，确定a b <，答案选C.19.设,,a b c 为实数，则2221a b c ++≤.（1）1a b c +≤+（2）0ab bc ac ++=【答案】A【解析】条件（1）有2()1a b c +≤+，即2222(2)1a b c ab bc ac ++++≤+2，显然可得2221a b c ++≤，条件（1）充分.条件（2）可以举反例：1,2a b c ===-，显然2221a b c ++≤不成立，（2）不充分.20.设a 为实数，()1f x x a x =---，则()1f x ≤.a ≥（2）2a ≤【答案】C【解析】因为max ()1f x a =-，让()1f x ≤，只需要11a -≤即可，计算得02a ≤≤，答案选C.21.设,a b 为正实数，则能确定a b ≥.11a b a b+≥+（2）22a a b b+≥+【答案】B【解析】条件（1），令1,12a b ==，可知满足条件（1），条件（1）不充分；条件（2）22a a b b +≥+可得(1)()0a b a b ++-≥，能确定a b ≥，条件（2）充分.22.兔窝位于兔子正北60米处，狼在兔子正西100米处，狼和兔子同时直奔兔窝，则兔子率先到达兔窝.（1）兔子的速度是狼的速度的23（2）兔子的速度是狼的速度的12【答案】A【解析】根据勾股定理，可知2934v v ⎛⎫> ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭兔子狼即可，条件（1）充分，条件（2）不充分，答案选A.23.设,x y 为实数，则能确定x y ≥.（1）22(6)18x y -+=（2）415x y -++=【答案】D【解析】见图6，条件（1）的圆和直线y x =相切，可知条件（1）充分；条件（2）为一个正方形，刚好在直线y x =下方，条件（2）充分，所以答案选D.图624.设曲线32y x x ax b =--+与x 轴有三个不同的交点,,A B C ，则4BC =.\（1）点A 的坐标为(1,0)（2）4a =【答案】C【解析】条件（1），说明1x =是方程320y x x ax b =--+=的一个解，所以有(1)110y a b =--+=，即a b =，可得322(1)()y x x ax b x x a =--+=--，无法得知4BC =，条件（1）不充分；条件（2）代入上述方程，可得点(2,0)B ，(2,0)C -,4BC =.所以，联合条件（1）、（2）充分，答案选C.25.设数列{}n a 为等比数列，n S 为数列{}n a 的前n 项和，则能确定{}n a 的公比.32S =（2）926S =【答案】E【解析】因为等比数列含有两个未知参数（首项和公比），所以条件（1）、（2）单独都不充分.因为等比数列有1(1)1n n a q S q-=-，联合条件（1）、（2）有993326121S q S q -==-，可得34q =-或3，不能唯一确定，所以联合起来也不充分，答案选E.。
公务员考试试题真题及答案
公务员考试试题真题及答案一、单项选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 我国宪法规定，国家的根本任务是：A. 保障人民民主权利B. 维护国家主权和领土完整C. 进行社会主义现代化建设D. 促进社会和谐稳定答案：C2. 根据我国《公务员法》，公务员的录用应遵循以下原则，除了：A. 公开B. 平等C. 竞争D. 择优答案：D3. 我国行政区划的三级结构是：A. 省、市、县B. 省、县、乡C. 市、县、乡D. 省、市、乡答案：B4. 以下哪项不是公务员的基本义务？A. 遵守宪法和法律B. 保守国家秘密C. 服从领导安排D. 接受社会监督答案：C5. 我国公务员考核的内容主要包括：A. 工作能力B. 工作态度C. 工作成绩D. 所有上述选项答案：D6. 公务员的职业道德规范不包括以下哪项？A. 诚实守信B. 公正廉洁C. 勤奋工作D. 个人利益至上答案：D7. 我国公务员晋升的原则是：A. 论资排辈B. 按需分配C. 能力优先D. 资历和能力并重答案：D8. 公务员辞职的程序不包括：A. 提出书面申请B. 领导审批C. 直接离职D. 办理离职手续答案：C9. 公务员的纪律处分包括：A. 警告B. 记过C. 记大过D. 所有上述选项答案：D10. 公务员的退休年龄一般为：A. 男60岁，女55岁B. 男65岁，女60岁C. 男55岁，女50岁D. 男60岁，女60岁答案：A二、多项选择题（每题2分，共10分）11. 以下哪些属于公务员的权利？A. 获得劳动报酬B. 享受社会保险C. 参加培训D. 向领导提出建议答案：ABCD12. 公务员职务的分类包括：A. 领导职务B. 非领导职务C. 专业技术职务D. 行政职务答案：ABC13. 公务员考核的等级包括：A. 优秀B. 良好C. 合格D. 不合格答案：ABCD14. 公务员违反纪律处分的种类包括：A. 警告B. 记过C. 降级D. 开除答案：ABCD15. 公务员的职业道德包括：A. 忠诚于国家B. 服务人民C. 遵纪守法D. 公正廉洁答案：ABCD三、判断题（每题1分，共10分）16. 公务员可以自由选择辞职。
2024年初级药师考试真题和答案
1、关于药物的体内过程，下列哪项描述是正确的？
A. 所有药物均通过主动转运方式进入细胞
B. 药物的分布主要与血浆蛋白结合率有关
C. 药物的排泄主要途径是肾脏
D. 药物的代谢只发生在肝脏
（答案）C
2、下列哪种药物属于β-内酰胺类抗生素？
A. 红霉素
B. 青霉素
C. 利福平
D. 磺胺甲噁唑
（答案）B
3、关于药物的不良反应，下列哪项说法是错误的？
A. 副作用是药物在治疗剂量下产生的与治疗目的无关的作用
B. 毒性反应是由于药物剂量过大引起的
C. 变态反应与患者的遗传因素无关
D. 后遗效应是指停药后血药浓度已降至阈浓度以下时残存的药理效应（答案）C
4、下列哪种药物是常用的抗高血压药？
A. 硝酸甘油
B. 利尿剂
C. 阿司匹林
D. 葡萄糖
（答案）B
5、关于药物的剂型，下列哪项描述是错误的？
A. 片剂是固体剂型，便于携带和服用
B. 注射剂直接注入体内，起效快
C. 胶囊剂可掩盖药物的不良气味
D. 软膏剂主要用于口服给药
（答案）D
6、下列哪种药物属于质子泵抑制剂，常用于治疗消化性溃疡？
A. 西咪替丁
B. 奥美拉唑
C. 硫糖铝
D. 氢氧化铝
（答案）B
7、关于药物的相互作用，下列哪项说法是正确的？
A. 药物相互作用只发生在两种药物同时使用时
B. 药物相互作用一定会导致不良反应
C. 药物相互作用可能增强或减弱药效
D. 所有药物相互作用都是可以预测的（答案）C
8、下列哪种药物是常用的抗抑郁药？
A. 地西泮
B. 丙咪嗪
C. 氯丙嗪
D. 咖啡因
（答案）B。
公共基础知识真题及答案解析大全
公共基础知识真题及答案解析大全公共基础知识真题详细讲解解题思路，深度点拔答题技巧，参考性强，对于拓展考生解题思路，提高考试能力大有裨益。
下面是小编收集推荐的公共基础知识真题，仅供参考，欢迎阅读。
公共基础知识真题11发生火灾时，进行安全疏散的正确顺序应是( )。
A.按先着火层――着火层的上层――着火层的下层的顺序疏散B.按先近后远的顺序疏散C.从建筑物最上层按楼层顺序从上往下疏散D.从建筑物最下层按楼层顺序从下往上疏散参考答案：A参考解析：已经着火的楼层，火灾可能已经或者即将危及人员的安全，因此着火层是要首先疏散的。
由于火灾一般是由下往上蔓延，着火导的上层与下层相比，上层受到的威胁更大，因此第二顺序是着火层的上层，第三顺序是着火层的下层。
2某食品店被人举报销售不符合卫生标准的食品，经工商管理机关查实，该店2年前确有出售不卫生的食品的行为，获利2000元。
对此行为，工商管理机关应怎样处理?( )A.不再给予行政处罚B.给予行政处罚，但应从轻处罚C.给予行政处罚，但应减轻处罚D.给予行政处罚参考答案：A参考解析：《行政处罚法》第29条规定：“违法行为在二年内未被发现的，不再给予行政处罚。
法律另有规定的除外。
前款规定的期限，从违法行为发生之日起计算;违法行为有连续或者继续状态的，从行为终了之日起计算。
”3张某(女)因故意杀人罪被提起公诉，但是因其在怀孕期间，所以法院决定对张某取保候审，下列说法正确的是( )。
A.人民法院可以责令张某不得与特定的人会见或者通信B.如果在侦查阶段，公安机关就对其实施了取保候审，人民法院不必再做出重复决定C.对张某的取保候审应由人民检察院执行D.在取保候审期间，张某的住址、工作单位和联系方式发生变动的，应当在48小时以内向法院报告参考答案：A参考解析：根据《刑事诉讼法》第69条规定，人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关可以根据案件情况，责令被取保候审的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人不得与特定的人员会见或者通信。
行测真题及答案解析解答
行测真题及答案解析第一部分常识判断 (共25题)1. 根据《中华人民共和国宪法》，我国的政权组织形式是：A. 人民民主专政B. 人民代表大会制度C. 统一的多民族国家D. 中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度2.下列不属于公务员的是：A.某县党委委员B.某市工商行政管理局干部C.某国有企业工人D.某民主党派机关干部3.下列不属于刑事处罚的是：A.罚金B.管制C.拘留D.拘役4.推翻了统治中国几千年的君主专制制度的辛亥革命属于：A.资产阶级革命B.无产阶级革命C.新民主主义革命D.工人阶级革命5.“修身”“齐家”“治国”“平天下”出自：A.道家典籍B.儒家典籍C.墨家典籍D.法家典籍6.下列提法错误的是：A.七情：喜怒哀乐爱恶欲B.国画四君子：梅兰竹菊C.四库：经史子集D.岁寒三友：松竹梅7.通常所说的“白色污染”是指：A.工厂排出的烟尘B.石灰窑产生的粉尘C.可卡因、海洛因等毒品D.聚乙烯等塑料垃圾8.下列关于发明的说法错误的是：A.避雷针的发明者是富兰克林B.电视机的发明者是爱迪生C.电话的发明者是贝尔D.炸药的发明者是诺贝尔9.下列关于灾害预警信号说法正确的是：A. 大雾橙色预警信号发出时，告诉公路可以不关闭B. 出现暴雨橙色预警时，除特殊行业外，各单位均应停业C. 低温预警信号与寒潮预警信号通常同时发布D. 冰雹预警信号严重程度的划分主要一句冰雹颗粒的大小10.小轿车的挡风玻璃设计成倾斜的，而大货车的挡风玻璃却是竖直的。
下列与挡风玻璃设计角度无关的因素是（）。
A. 漫反射B. 镜面反射C. 车身高度D. 平面成像11.下列请求应依法予以支持的是（）。
A. 某男擅自按市价出售双方共有住房，其妻要求追回B. 某女起诉请求离婚，要求分割其丈夫的工伤补助金C. 按父母遗嘱某女继承全部家产，其兄要求平分家产D. 某夫妻已育有一个健康男孩，现申请收养一名孤儿12.下列关于二十四节气说法错误的是（）。
成人高考往年真题及答案解析
成人高考往年真题及答案解析成人高考是一种受到越来越多成年人追捧的教育途径，它为那些无法以传统方式进入大学的人提供了机会。
考试的难度与普通高考相当，备考迫在眉睫的时候，一般会借助往年真题进行复习。
1.英语真题及答案解析题目：All of the students in our class went to the mountains and valleys _____ Dr. White instructing us.A. except是B. althoughC. expectD. besides答案解析：这是一道固定搭配的题目，需要选一个词组来表达“在XXX的指导下”。
根据题目中的句子结构，可以排除选项B。
除了D以外，其他选项都不符合语法要求。
因此，答案选D。
2.数学真题及答案解析题目：已知逻辑等价式p→q≡(非q)→(非p)，那么下面關於q 和p之间的关系等价的是_____。
A. 非q→非pB. p→非qC. q→pD. p→q答案解析：这是一道逻辑题，需要根据逻辑等价式选择等价的关系。
根据等价式的定义，消去→符号，得到q→p≡(非p)→(非q)。
因此，答案选C。
3.历史真题及答案解析题目：以下哪位中国古代皇帝是唐太宗？A. 刘备B. 武则天C. 唐高祖D. 李渊答案解析：这是一道历史知识的题目，需要对中国古代皇帝有所了解。
根据题目中的描述，“唐太宗”是指唐朝的第二位皇帝，因此答案选D。
4.地理真题及答案解析题目：以下哪个城市是中国的首都？A. 上海B. 深圳C. 北京D. 广州答案解析：这是一道地理常识的题目，需要对中国的首都有所了解。
根据题目中的描述，“中国的首都”是指中国政治的中心，答案选C。
通过解析这几道成人高考的往年真题，我们可以看到复习过程中要注重对基础知识的掌握，以及理解和运用能力的培养。
在备考期间，还需要经常对错题进行总结和分析，找出自己的薄弱环节，并有针对性地进行复习和练习。
总结起来，通过往年真题的复习，我们可以了解考试的难度和类型，整理并加强自己的知识体系。
职业律师考试真题及答案
选择题关于法律职业道德，下列说法错误的是：A. 法律职业道德是法律职业人员应遵循的行为规范B. 法律职业道德具有鲜明的职业性、实践性特点C. 法律职业道德仅对律师、法官等特定法律职业人员有约束力D. 法律职业道德的基本要求是维护法律职业荣誉和尊严（正确答案）下列哪项不属于律师在执业活动中应当遵循的基本原则？A. 以事实为根据，以法律为准绳B. 维护委托人合法权益C. 保守国家秘密和委托人商业秘密D. 追求个人利益最大化（正确答案）关于律师的保密义务，下列说法正确的是：A. 律师可以随意披露委托人的秘密信息B. 律师在委托人授权范围内可以披露其秘密C. 律师在任何情况下都不得披露委托人的秘密信息，除非得到委托人明确同意或法律有特别规定（正确答案）D. 律师为了自身利益可以披露委托人的部分秘密下列哪项不属于律师执业行为规范所禁止的行为？A. 私自接受委托，收取费用B. 利用律师身份寻求特殊利益C. 无正当理由拒绝辩护或代理D. 积极参加法律援助和社会公益活动（正确答案）关于律师与司法机关的关系，下列说法错误的是：A. 律师应尊重司法机关，遵守法庭规则B. 律师可以与司法机关工作人员建立正当关系，但不得行贿C. 律师有权对司法机关的错误提出批评和建议D. 律师应无条件服从司法机关的判决和裁定，不得提出上诉或申诉（正确答案）下列哪项不属于律师在代理民事诉讼时应尽的职责？A. 调查收集证据B. 准备并提交诉讼文书C. 参加法庭调查、辩论D. 代替法院进行事实认定和法律适用（正确答案）关于律师的执业纪律，下列说法正确的是：A. 律师可以私自收案、收费B. 律师可以泄露委托人的商业秘密C. 律师可以同时在两个以上律师事务所执业D. 律师应当诚实守信，勤勉尽责，维护委托人合法权益（正确答案）关于律师的执业监督，下列说法错误的是：A. 律师协会应当对律师的执业活动进行监督B. 司法行政机关应当对律师的执业活动进行指导和监督C. 律师事务所应当对本所律师的执业活动进行管理D. 委托人无权对律师的执业活动提出意见或投诉（正确答案）。
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【参考答案】：一般景观的显现需要一定的年份，为了弥补近期景观的缺陷，在未表现后期景观的情况下，可多栽植树木。树间距相应的缩小、加适当的养护管理，等长到一定的年份再把以部分树木移走，腾出空间，达到设计的效果
五、论述题
针对前些年在城市绿化中大量营建草坪现象，试从生态学，园林功能等方面，综合分析以乔灌木为主的植物景观和草坪景观在城市绿化建设中的轻重利弊。
3 何谓植物生态习性、生态类型？了解和掌握他们有何重要意义？（15分）
五、论述题（20分）
为迎接我国2008年奥运会，拟在奥运场馆周围绿地进行植物景观设计，请阐述你的设计思路
北京林业大学园林植物与观赏园艺专业2005年真题解析
一、请写出下列园林植物的拉丁学名(20分)
1 雏菊Bellis perennis 2长春花Catharanthus roseus
4) 墨西哥气候型花卉
5) 热带气候型花卉
6) 寒带气候型花卉
7) 沙漠气候型花卉
2 某花卉的种子，常规播种不发芽，请提出尽可能多的解决方案（12分）
3 将下列树种的科名、干皮、花序、果实特征填入表中（8分）
科名干皮花序果实
泡桐
梧桐
法桐
鳞茎;茎极度缩短，成为扁盘状的鳞茎盘。
有皮鳞茎：水仙、郁金香、风信子
无皮鳞茎：百合。
球茎：茎缩短肥厚近球形，基部为茎盘状。唐菖蒲、小苍兰、番红花
块茎：茎肥厚，外形不一，多近于球形。仙客来、球根海棠、白头翁
根茎：茎明显膨大，成根状，稍成蔓性水平状。美人蕉、焦藕、荷花
4 造成落叶阔叶树移植困难的原因有哪些？
四、问答题
1 园林花卉观赏栽培中，栽培类型为一二年生花卉、宿根花卉、球根花卉各主要采用哪些花期调控技术？请举例说明。（10分）
2 某公园一个水体欲布置一些水生花卉，水深从5cm到100cm不等，请提供可选用的花卉至少10种，并说明选择原则，用选定的具体种类加以说明。（15分）
4喜半荫的落地草本花卉有(紫萼)(铃兰)(玉簪)(白芨)(百合)(雪滴花)
5将罗汉松、樟子松、白皮松、马尾松、杜松按耐寒性由强到弱进行排序樟子松-杜松-白皮松-罗汉松-马尾松
6请列举四种不同颜色的园林观果树(山楂红)(红瑞木白)(紫珠紫)(柿树橙黄)
7具观赏价值的刺篱树种有(紫叶小檗)(枸骨)(枸橘)(刺柏)
三、 简答题(45分)
1 花卉分生繁殖主要有哪些方法，一般进行的时间，请举例说明。(8分)
【参考答案】：分生繁殖有：分株：一般早春开花的种类在秋季生长停止后进行分株，例如芍药。夏秋开花的种类在早春萌动前进行分株。
1) 分球：1)自然分球 在春天或是秋天，例如：郁金香、大丽花、水仙
3荷兰菊Aster novi-belgii 4睡莲 Nymphaea lotus
5仙客来Cyclamen persicum 6喇叭水仙Narcissus pseudonarcissus
7绿萝Zantedeschia aethiopica 8匍匐剪股颖Agrostis stolonifera
3宿根福禄考Phlox drummondii 4荷花Nelumbo nucifera
5风铃草Campanula medium 6风信子Alsophila spinulosa
7荷包花Clerodendrum japonicum 8结缕草Zoysia matrella
9一叶兰Aspidistra elatior 10肾蕨Nephnolepis Cordifoolia
6)分走茎 叶丛抽生出来的节间较长的茎，节上着生叶、花和不定根，也能产生幼小植株。例如：野牛草
2 花卉依据生活周期和地下形态特征是如何分类的?每类举出2种花卉(12分)
【参考答案】：依据生活周期和地下形态特征分：一年生花卉 定义….例如凤仙花、百日草。二年生花卉：定义….例如石竹、毛地黄。宿根花卉：定义……例如芍药、宿根福禄考。球根花卉：定义……例如水仙、百合
2)人工繁殖 对自然分球率低的用 有十字法，挖孔法(风信子)、分割法
3)分根檗 将根际或地下茎发生的萌蘖切下栽植，使其形成独立的植株，如春兰、萱草
4)分吸芽 吸芽为一些植物根际或近地面叶腋自然发生的短缩、肥厚呈莲座状的短枝，其上有芽。如芦荟、景天。
5)分珠芽及零余子 例如卷丹的珠芽生于叶腋间。珠芽及零与子脱离母体后自然落地即可生根
北京林业大学园林植物与观赏园艺专业2006年真题解析
一、请写出下列园林植物的拉丁学名(20分)
1波斯菊Cosmos bipinnatus 2凤仙花Impatiens balsamina
3须苞石竹Dianthus barbatus 4巢蕨Neottopteris nidus
5石斛Dendrobium nobile 6王莲Victoria amazonic
11金钱松Pseudolarix amabilis 12紫杉Taxus cuspidate
13佛肚竹Bambusa ventricosa 14广玉兰Magnolia grandiflora
15梓树Catalpa orata 16白桦Betula platyphylla
17山楂Crataegus pinnatifida 18卫矛Euonymus Kiautschovicus
19米兰Aglaia odorata Lour 20金银花Lonicera japonica
二、 填空(30分)
1 水生园常用的挺水花卉(水葱)(荷花)(黄菖蒲)
2主要用播种繁殖的球根花卉有(白头翁)(球根秋海棠)(大花葱)
3常见用于观赏的罂粟科花卉有(虞美人)(冰岛罂粟)(东方罂粟)(花菱草)
2 试分析草坪和地被植物在园林应用中有何相同和不同点(15)
【参考答案】：草坪和地被植物的定义。草坪和地被植物相同点：都用来覆盖地面下层植物
不同点：1草坪养护管理费工，经济花费大 形成大草坪的景观 2种类较少3植株较低矮
1地被植物养护简单，形成自然的景观 2种类较多3植株相对较高
7晚香玉Polianthes tuberosa 8毛地黄Digitalis purpurea
9广东万年青Aglaonema modestum 10吊竹梅Zebrina pendula
11罗汉松:Podocarpus macrophyllus 12广玉兰Magnolia grandiflora
3 何谓木本地被树，其应具备哪些条件?列举5种你所在城市的木本地被树(8分)
【参考答案】：木本地被树：木质化不高的藤木。可在园林应用当中用作地被植物例如在北京地区有紫藤、五叶地锦、爬山虎、美国凌霄、蔓性蔷薇。
4 何谓植物生态类型?举例说明以土壤酸性为主导因子的树木生态类型(12分)
【参考答案】：植物生态类型：具有相同或相似的生态习性的一类植物土壤酸度可分小于5.5的为强酸性，5.5-6.5的为酸性，6.5-7.5为中性，7.5-8.5为碱性，大于8.5的为强碱性植物以土壤酸度为主导因子的植物分类：酸性土植物：杜鹃、山茶、油茶、马尾松、栀子花、红松等等。中性土植物：大部分植物属于此类，可随便挑几个即可。碱性土植物：柽柳、紫穗槐、沙枣、绒毛白蜡
6柠檬按:Citrus limonum
17枸橘Citrus reticulata 18桂花Osmanthus frag
19珙桐Daphniphyllum oldham 20 天目琼花Viburnum sargentii
二、 填空(30分)
8为西北地区推荐两种耐瘠薄、耐盐碱的优质行道树(绒毛白蜡)(榆树)
三、 简答题(45分)
1 请介绍Miller和冢本氏按原产地分类的方案(8分)
【参考答案】：根据Miller和冢本氏分
1) 中国气候型花卉：温暖型 冷凉型
2) 欧洲气候型花卉
3) 地中海气候型花卉
5优良的草本地被花卉有(二月兰)(紫花地丁)(半枝莲)(点地梅)
6蓝色系的草本花卉有(鸢尾)(蓝刺头)(龙胆)(华北蓝盆菜)
7喜半荫且夏天开花的草本花卉(玉簪)(紫萼)(风铃草)
三、简答题
1 请简述依据地下变态器官的结构，球根花卉有哪些类型?每类举出3种花卉(10分)
【参考答案】：
二年生花卉：一般在秋季播种或于早春土壤刚刚化冻10厘米时露地播种。
栽培：一是直接在应用地栽植商品种苗。秋季耕地深翻，在春季使用时再整地作床。之后定植，带土坨移植容易缓苗，以后缴税管理。二是从种子培育花苗，可以直接在应用地播种，也可以在花圃中先育苗，然后在应用地使用，这时的栽培包括育苗和管理。对于一年生花卉，整地作床-播种-间苗-移苗-(摘心)-定植-同商品苗管理。二年生花卉：整地作床-播种-间苗-移苗-越冬-(摘心)-定植-同商品苗管理。
【参考答案】：从生态学的角度探讨 乔灌木景观和草坪景观的优缺点
从园林功能方面探讨 乔灌木和草坪景观的优缺点1防护功能2美化功能3生产功能
北京林业大学园林植物与观赏园艺专业2004年真题解析
一、请写出下列园林植物的拉丁学名(20分)
1三色堇Viola×wittrockiana 2漏斗菜Aquilegia.hybrida
4地生兰主要是指(兰)科(兰)属的花卉，常见种有(春兰)(蕙兰)(墨兰)
5枝条自然下垂，据观赏价值的园林树种(龙爪槐)(垂枝梅)(垂枝榆)(垂枝桃)(垂枝桑)
6从国外引种驯化，应用历史较长，生长良好的园林树种(悬铃木)(刺槐)(广玉兰)(马樱丹)(黄杨)
7常年异色叶树种(紫叶小檗)(金叶女贞)(紫叶李)(紫叶矮樱)(红花继木)
二、 填空(30分)
1鸢尾属花卉是(蝎尾状)花絮，园林中常用的种类有(鸢尾)(德国鸢尾)(香根鸢尾)(花菖蒲)(燕子花)(马蔺)