广东高考写作之如何写概要
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HOW TO WRITE A SUMMARY
What is a Summary?
It is a short—but thorough—objective restatement of the main idea and key points of a passage. A summary may also mention some of the examples the author used to illustrate key points.
“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” He was very brave in battle.
“John fell into the river and, before help could reach him, he sank.” John was drowned in the river. “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” He was in financial difficulties.
What does not belong in a summary?
Your opinions and thoughts, as well as the details of the passage.
REMEMBER:
A summary should be brief, complete, objective, in the writer's (you) own words, and accurate.
Back
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
Checklist for group work
1. Examples, details, and minor supports omitted? 2. Your ideas included? 3. Plagiarize? 4. Important parts left out?
5. Any grammar, spelling, and punctuation
The story is about an unforgettable lesson of the writer from an old man while fishing, through which the writer realized patience was very important and that it was the secret of success.
Two Possible Versions:
(1)Some people think that children’s learning mistakes should be corrected by themselves. Children learn by comparing their behavior, including their speech, with more skilled people. But in school teachers always point out and correct their students’ mistakes, making the students dependent on them. So children should learn by correcting their own mistakes and helping each other instead of having their mistakes corrected by their teachers.
Some hints for writing a summary
1. Concentrate on main ideas and omit examples, details, and minor supports. 2. The summary should be all in your own words. 3. Do not include your own opinion in the summary 4. Write in the present tense (he shows, we work, they allow) 5. Introduce the author and title of the work in the opening sentence of your summary. 6. Summary writing is an exercise in compression. In writing a summary, you may:
One morning, Mr Hare was running on the road. Suddenly he saw Mr Tortoise, who was also running on the road towards him. Mr Hare ran up to Mr Tortoise and laughed at him. Mr Tortoise got angry and wouldn't take failure lying down, so he suggested having a race to see who could first get to the big tall tree by the roadsides. Mr Hare agreed with him without hesitation. The race began. Mr Hare and Mr tortoise started from the same line at the same time. When Mr Hare was far ahead of Mr Tortoise and even couldn't see Mr Tortoise, he thought that Mr Tortoise fell behind and couldn't catch up with him. So he stopped and lay down to have a nap. But soon he fell asleep. At the same time, Mr Tortoise kept on running and running. When Mr Hare woke up, he found Mr Tortoise had already sat under the tree and was smiling at him!
mistakes?
1. 七个解题步骤 (1)审题，明确题目要求：通过审题明确文 章主题、写作内容、主要时态和主体人称等问题。 其中主体人称，就是要确定以第几人称进行写作 (2)阅读，抓住内容要点：阅读短文，找出 文章的内容要点。 议论文的内容要点是：论点、论据和结论。 记叙文的内容要点是：时间(when)，地点 (where)，什么人(who)，做了什么事(what)，结 果怎么样(how)，这是记叙文的五要素。
How to Write a Summary?
1. Reread, label and underline. 2. Write one or two sentence summaries. 3. Read the passage carefully. 4. Write a thesis-a one-sentence summary of the entire passage. 5. Write the first draft of your summary. 6. Check your summary against the original passage. 7. Revise your summary.
(3)概括，转述作者观点： 用自己的话转述原文内容要点。 议论文——用自己的话表达论点、论据和结论 句； 记叙文——用自己的话将记叙文的五要素串联 起来。(有时只需写出某人做了什么，结果怎样)
EVERYONE has an experience they would rather forget. Some are embarrassing, some are moving, and some teach us a lesson. Here is a story of mine. Last Sunday I went fishing. After setting up my fishing rod with bait, I sat down on the bank of the lake. But two hours later, I didn’t catch any fish. I got very angry and began to pack up my stuff, preparing to go back home. Just then, I saw an old man sitting near me. To my surprise, his basket was full of fish, so I went over to him, wanting to know why. “Excuse me, but how long have you sat here?” I asked. “About four hours,” he answered. “Four hours?” I couldn’t believe my ears. “Yes. It’s very important to be patient,” the old man said. “Don’t consider fishing a tiring sport. Just enjoy it.” Suddenly, I understood what he said. I must learn to be patient. Then I sat there and waited for fish patiently. I felt a fish touch the bait, but I didn’t move and waited for the right moment to reel it in. At last, I caught it. This made me very happy. In the following six hours, I caught over 10 fish. On my way home, I thought what had happened on the bank. I gradually realized that the secret of success was patience.
The folktale mainly tells us that in a race Mr Hare proudly thought he would be sure to beat Mr Tortoise and so he lay down to have a nap. As a result, he lost the race.
(1)确定体裁：阅读材料是记叙文，要求写的也是记 叙文。 (2)扼要概括：概括一篇记叙文，可按记叙文的几大 要素来组织。 What(事情) was taught a lesson by an old man Who(人物) the writer When(时间) when going fishing Where(地点) on the bank of the lake What to learn(结果)Patience is important. Patience is the secret of success.
next
A. Omit the details or categorize them. B. Reduce the examples. C. Simplify the description.
D. Eliminate all repetitions.
E. Compress wordy sentences and change phrases to words.
What is a Summary?
It is a short—but thorough—objective restatement of the main idea and key points of a passage. A summary may also mention some of the examples the author used to illustrate key points.
“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” He was very brave in battle.
“John fell into the river and, before help could reach him, he sank.” John was drowned in the river. “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” He was in financial difficulties.
What does not belong in a summary?
Your opinions and thoughts, as well as the details of the passage.
REMEMBER:
A summary should be brief, complete, objective, in the writer's (you) own words, and accurate.
Back
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
Checklist for group work
1. Examples, details, and minor supports omitted? 2. Your ideas included? 3. Plagiarize? 4. Important parts left out?
5. Any grammar, spelling, and punctuation
The story is about an unforgettable lesson of the writer from an old man while fishing, through which the writer realized patience was very important and that it was the secret of success.
Two Possible Versions:
(1)Some people think that children’s learning mistakes should be corrected by themselves. Children learn by comparing their behavior, including their speech, with more skilled people. But in school teachers always point out and correct their students’ mistakes, making the students dependent on them. So children should learn by correcting their own mistakes and helping each other instead of having their mistakes corrected by their teachers.
Some hints for writing a summary
1. Concentrate on main ideas and omit examples, details, and minor supports. 2. The summary should be all in your own words. 3. Do not include your own opinion in the summary 4. Write in the present tense (he shows, we work, they allow) 5. Introduce the author and title of the work in the opening sentence of your summary. 6. Summary writing is an exercise in compression. In writing a summary, you may:
One morning, Mr Hare was running on the road. Suddenly he saw Mr Tortoise, who was also running on the road towards him. Mr Hare ran up to Mr Tortoise and laughed at him. Mr Tortoise got angry and wouldn't take failure lying down, so he suggested having a race to see who could first get to the big tall tree by the roadsides. Mr Hare agreed with him without hesitation. The race began. Mr Hare and Mr tortoise started from the same line at the same time. When Mr Hare was far ahead of Mr Tortoise and even couldn't see Mr Tortoise, he thought that Mr Tortoise fell behind and couldn't catch up with him. So he stopped and lay down to have a nap. But soon he fell asleep. At the same time, Mr Tortoise kept on running and running. When Mr Hare woke up, he found Mr Tortoise had already sat under the tree and was smiling at him!
mistakes?
1. 七个解题步骤 (1)审题，明确题目要求：通过审题明确文 章主题、写作内容、主要时态和主体人称等问题。 其中主体人称，就是要确定以第几人称进行写作 (2)阅读，抓住内容要点：阅读短文，找出 文章的内容要点。 议论文的内容要点是：论点、论据和结论。 记叙文的内容要点是：时间(when)，地点 (where)，什么人(who)，做了什么事(what)，结 果怎么样(how)，这是记叙文的五要素。
How to Write a Summary?
1. Reread, label and underline. 2. Write one or two sentence summaries. 3. Read the passage carefully. 4. Write a thesis-a one-sentence summary of the entire passage. 5. Write the first draft of your summary. 6. Check your summary against the original passage. 7. Revise your summary.
(3)概括，转述作者观点： 用自己的话转述原文内容要点。 议论文——用自己的话表达论点、论据和结论 句； 记叙文——用自己的话将记叙文的五要素串联 起来。(有时只需写出某人做了什么，结果怎样)
EVERYONE has an experience they would rather forget. Some are embarrassing, some are moving, and some teach us a lesson. Here is a story of mine. Last Sunday I went fishing. After setting up my fishing rod with bait, I sat down on the bank of the lake. But two hours later, I didn’t catch any fish. I got very angry and began to pack up my stuff, preparing to go back home. Just then, I saw an old man sitting near me. To my surprise, his basket was full of fish, so I went over to him, wanting to know why. “Excuse me, but how long have you sat here?” I asked. “About four hours,” he answered. “Four hours?” I couldn’t believe my ears. “Yes. It’s very important to be patient,” the old man said. “Don’t consider fishing a tiring sport. Just enjoy it.” Suddenly, I understood what he said. I must learn to be patient. Then I sat there and waited for fish patiently. I felt a fish touch the bait, but I didn’t move and waited for the right moment to reel it in. At last, I caught it. This made me very happy. In the following six hours, I caught over 10 fish. On my way home, I thought what had happened on the bank. I gradually realized that the secret of success was patience.
The folktale mainly tells us that in a race Mr Hare proudly thought he would be sure to beat Mr Tortoise and so he lay down to have a nap. As a result, he lost the race.
(1)确定体裁：阅读材料是记叙文，要求写的也是记 叙文。 (2)扼要概括：概括一篇记叙文，可按记叙文的几大 要素来组织。 What(事情) was taught a lesson by an old man Who(人物) the writer When(时间) when going fishing Where(地点) on the bank of the lake What to learn(结果)Patience is important. Patience is the secret of success.
next
A. Omit the details or categorize them. B. Reduce the examples. C. Simplify the description.
D. Eliminate all repetitions.
E. Compress wordy sentences and change phrases to words.