2017届上海市奉贤区高三第二学期调研测试英语试题及答案
2017届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解C篇--学生版(已校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Culture can affect not just language and customs, but also how people experience the world on surprisingly basic levels.Researchers, with the help of brain scans, have uncovered shockingdifferences in perception(感知) between Westerners and Asians, whatthey see when they look at a city street, for example, or even how theyperceive a simple line in a square, according to findings published in aleading science journal.In western countries, culture makes people think of themselves ashighly independent entities (实体). When looking at scenes, Westernerstend to focus more on central objects than on their surroundings. EastAsian cultures, however, emphasize inter-dependence. When Easterners look at a scene, they tend to focus on surroundings as well as the object.Using an experiment involving two tasks, Dr Hedden asked subjects to look at a line simply to estimate its length, a task that is played to American strengths. In another, they estimated the line’s length relative to the size of a square, an easier task for the Asians.The level of brain activity, by tracking blood flow, was then measured by Brain Scanners. The experiment found that although there was no difference in performance, and the tasks were very ea sy, the levels of activity in the subjects’ brains were different. For the Americans, areas linked to attention lit up more, when they worked on the task they tended to find more difficult -- estimating the line’s size relative to the square. For the Asian s, the attention areas lit up more during the harder task also -- estimating the line’s length without comparing it to the square. The findings are a reflection of more than ten years of previous experimental research into east-west differences.In one study, for instance, researchers offered people a choice among five pens; four red andone green. Easterners were more likely to choose a red pen while Westerners were more likely to choose the green one.Culture is not affecting how you see the world, but how you choose to understand and internalize (使内化) it. But such habits can be changed. Some psychological studies suggest that when an Easterner goes to the West or vice versa, habits of thought and perception also begin to change. Such research gives us clues on how our brain works and is hopeful for us to develop programs to improve our memory, memory techniques and enhance and accelerate our learning skills.63. According to the passage, Chinese people are most likely to _____.A. more emphasize independent thinkingB. always focus more on their surroundingsC. focus more on the context as well as the objectD. think of Westerners as highly independent entities64. We know from the passage that people’s brains will be more active when _____.A. the task is much easierB. the blood flow is trackedC. people begin to choose colorsD. the task is more difficult65. What do the findings of the experiments mentioned in the passage indicate?A. They indicate that culture has a great impact on the way people talk and behave.B. They show that Easterners and Westerners have great differences in perceiving the world.C. They suggest that people’s habits of thought and perception can be changed in differentcultures.D. They make it clear that Easterners and Westerners lay emphasis on different things.66. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.A. Easterners prefer collectivism to individualismB. East Asian cultures lay more emphasis on independenceC. It took over ten years to find out how to improve our brainpowerD. Americans will change their habits of perception when they’re in BritainDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(C)Naquela Wright’s life took an unexpected turn when she lost her eyesight as a teenager, but even when her world became dark, the New Jersey resident didn’t want to quit social media.Using Facebook was a challenge at first. Diagnosed in 2010 with pseudotumor cerebri, a rare health condition in which pressure increases around the brain and can result in the loss of vision, Wright learned how to use a screen reader to read the site through the touch of the keyboard and sound of a robotic voice. Still, when a friend sends her a photo, Wright often has no clue what the image shows.Now Facebook is trying to solve this problem by exploiting the power of artificial intelligence to create new tools that not only describe items in a photo but allows users to ask what’s in an image.“I can have a basic picture in my mind of what’s going on in the picture and now I can comment on my own,” said Wright, who got to try out the new tools that are still being tested. “Of course, it’s different, but it’s something more than I had.”An estimated 285 million people are visually disabled globally, according to the World Health Organization, and research conducted by Facebook showed that blind users have trouble figuring out what’s in a photo because the description isn’t clear or doesn’t exist.Facebook has made it easier to skim through the content on its website with a screen reader by improving HTML headings, adding alternative text for images, launching keyboard shortcuts, and more. Using artificial intelligence to describe photos is only a part of these ongoing efforts.W ith 1.5 billion users, Facebook isn’t the only social media company that wants to improve its website for the visually disabled. Along with Facebook and other major tech firms, Twitter and LinkedIn have their own accessibility teams and belong to an initia tive called “Teaching Accessibility”.Jeff Wieland, Facebook’s head of accessibility engineering, said the group wants to educate more engineers, especially early in college, about designing products that are compatible with the disabled and others. “We really don’t want accessibility to be the luxury of a handful of companies,” Wieland said. “We want everything around the world to be built with accessibility in63. What tool helps the visually disabled to read Facebook?A. A screen reader.B. A special keyboard.C. A helpful robot.D. HTML headings.64. What can be inferred from the passage about the new tool created by Facebook?A. It adds a lot of shortcuts on the keyboard.B. It helps users to employ their senses other than sight.C. It meets no competitors with its advanced technology.D. It inspires more engineers to explore artificial intelligence.65. The underlined phrase in the last paragraph “are compatible with” most probably means __________.A. are unaffordable toB. bring harm toC. keep company ofD. well suit66. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. Screen reader: tool to access social mediaB. Ongoing efforts: strength to improve websitesC. Artificial intelligence: power to help the blindD. Teaching accessibility: initiative to educate engineersSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)On the occasional clear-frost autumn night, I was hiking through the dark forest with my GMO wolf. Yes, my best friend is a genetically modified organism（转基因生物）; deliberate selection has produced the blunt-toothed, small-pawed wonder that walks by my side.Our world is changing rapidly. In the last five decades, global population has fully doubled, with 3.7 billion hungry mouths added to our planet. During this same time span, the amount of land suitable for agriculture has increased by only 5%. Miraculously, this did not result in the great global famine（饥荒）one might have predicted.How do scientists modify a plant so that it makes more food than its parents did? We could treat each harvest like a litter of wolf pups and select only plants bearing the fattest, richest seeds for the next season. This was the method our ancestors used to engineer rice, corn and wheat from the wild grasses they encountered.During my childhood, advances in genetic technologies allowed scientists to identify and clone the genes responsible for repressing stem growth, leading to shorter, stronger stalks that could bear more seed—the high-yield crops that feed us today. The 21st century has brought with it a marvelous new set of high-tech tools with which to further quicken the process of artificial selection. Plant geneticists can now directly edit out or edit in sections of DNA using molecular scissors. We can minimize a plant’s weaknesses while adding to its strengths, and we don’t have to wait for seasons to pass to test the result.It is the transformative potential of these techniques to quickly supply the next-generation crops required for upcoming climate change that has led me to believe in the safety and function of GMO plants in agricultural products. We need more GMO research to feed the world that we are creating.I love the quiet forest that stands between my lab and my home. But I know that as a scientist, I am responsible first to humanity. We must feed, shelter and nurture one another as our first priority, and to do so, we must take advantage of our best technologies, which have always included some type of genetic modification. We must continue as before, nourishing the future as we feed ourselves, and each year plant only the very best of what we have collectively engineered.I keep the faith of my ancestors each night when I walk through the forest to my lab, and my GMO wolf does the same when she guards my way home.63. Why does the author mention the wolf in the 1st paragraph?A. To advise people to keep wolves as petsB. To persuade readers to welcome the new technologyC. To change people’s attitude towards wolvesD. To introduce a technology used to humans’ advantage64. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. GMO technology will help weatherproof future crops.B. With GMO technology, famine has been eliminated.C. Artificial selections make high-yield plants possible.D. The author believes technology should contribute to future generations.65. What can be learned about modifying a plant?A. It takes scientists seasons to know whether their selection is correct.B. One way for ancestors to change a plant was to clone some genes.C. Modern techniques help speed up the artificial selection by altering DNA.D. The general public show strong faith in GMO plants.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. GMO Technology—Turning Wolves into the Best PetsB. Engineered Food—Feeding Future GenerationsC. Engineered Food—To Be or Not To BeD. GMO Technology—A Driving Force in World PeaceSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.（C）Since quitting can start feelings such as guilt and shame, we often do everything possible to avoid it. “We’re taught from our earli e st days that if you quit something. It means you’re a failure,”says counseling psychologist Will Meek. He, how ever, suggests we view quitting differently.Quitting is like deciding to rearrange a room: you’ve grown comfortable with the status, and it can be hard to picture the end result or even see why change is necessary. And yet, there’s the upsetting feeling that you’re no longer entirely satisfied with your current circumstances, perhaps even that you’ve stopped making progress. While it’s not out of the question for feeling or regret to surface after a major refit, leaving a position, project or situation can reveal exciting possibilities, making you feel inspired and renewed.Quitting, often happens in situations where we’re unhappy, fearful or have determined we have no other choice, factors that can have opposing effects on our health. Perhaps you find yourwork unfulfilling, or you’ve jumped into a new relationship before you’re ready —and, as a result, you’re operating under intense pressure.“If stress is enduring and not managed well, it can start to take a toll.”says Meek. According to the American Psychological Association, long-term, ongoing stress can increase the risk for high blood pressure and heart attack, so walking away from whatever is causing it can deliver significant physical and emotional health be nefits.“We often see a reduction in the stress hormone cortisol（应激激素皮质醇）, which can lower blood pressure and may even decrease the heart rate,”says Dr Alex Lickerman, a GP and expert on developing mental adaptability.Leaving situations that fail to bring you joy can leave you with sufficient time to explore where your heart is truly leading you. In a study that was published in 1999, then Harvard University professor Hermina Ibarra looked at how bankers tried different roles that required new skill sets—someone who spent a lot of time dealing with computers, for instance, was asked to take on personal interactions. Subjects were especially drawn to acting out a version of their future solves through ‘imitation strategies’—an approach they compared to ‘trying on different clothes,’ Mark Franklin, the president of CareerCyles, suggests a similar approach as a way to figure out what your true desires might be in your post-quitting life and foresee your future self.“Pretend to be a certain kind of person, or go and meet others who are doing what you want to do.”he says,“Try it on, see how it feels and decide if it’s a good fit for you.”It may not feel like it at the time, but just moving on from a situation that’s not quite right can help you g et back on track.63. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that quitting may bring us feelings of being both _______.A. guilty and ashamedB. stupid and enthusiasticC. troubled and hopefulD. inspired and determined64. The phrase“take a toll”（paragraph 3）can be best replaced by“_________”.A. develop mental adaptabilityB. bring about changesC. keep up the pressureD. have a bad effect65. An approach suggested by Mark Franklin similar to ‘trying on different clothes’ is for ___________.A. helping people find what truly suits them in careerB. telling capable employees from inadequate onesC. training employees to acquire different working skillsD. providing people with opportunities to have a role play66. It can be concluded from the passage that ______.A. quitting is track that only the timid will choose to followB. personal interaction can be must for reducing emotional pressureC. mental adaptability can be improved by the stress hormone cortisolD. knowing when to stop is wise and may make dreams happenSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.CIt could be said that the age of adventure peaked with Sir Everest Shackletonthe moment his ship, the Endurance, become hopelessly locked in ice on its wayto Antarctica in January 1915. For ten months the 28 men aboard Shackleton’sship waited and prayed for ice to break. When it finally did, the Endurance sank,leaving the crew homeless and adrift on a sea of ice in one of the world’s mostdangerous environments.In January 2000 a luxury ocean liner found itself similarly trapped in the cold waters off Antarctica. Argentine authorities sent off an icebreaker straight away from the nearest naval base, and in 24 hour s, all 176 passengers and crew were free. The tour company’s spokesperson spun the potential disaster as a value-added reward in extreme travel. “The people on board are looking at this as sort of a great adventure,” she said.Ever since Jon Krakauer’s b ook Into Thin Air made Everest a household name, the subculture of adventure has blown up like a Himalayan avalanche(雪崩) into public consciousness. Magazines promise “extreme” content, television, offers adventure programs, and the growing collective fasci nation with adventure has produced a flow of published accounts about the world’s greatest adventurous journey. Nowadays more and more people are interested in adventure and this mass appeal makes good business sense. Today the only thing blocking a would-be adventurer’s passage to Antarctica is the cost---- which typically runs well over $10,000.Despite very different implications, adventure was just as popular in Shackleton’s time. He has little trouble filling the Endurance----5,000 men are said to have responded to his recruitment(招募) notice: “Men wanted for risky journey. Small wages. Bitter cold. Long months of complete darkness. Constant danger. Safe return doubtful.”After five months drifting on ice, the crew were forced to take to their lifeboats to Elephant Island. Reaching the wasteland, Shackleton went on with one lifeboat and five of his best men 1,300 kilometers across the bone-chilly Scotia Sea to South Georgia Island. Shivering with cold, dressed in rags, Shackleton marched into a whaling station and set about organizing a rescue expedition to Elephant Island. Almost two years after becoming shipwrecked on ice, Shackleton picked up his crew. “Not a life lost, and we have been through hell,” he remarked earnestly.63. We can learn from the first sentence of this passage that _______.A. the age of adventure began with the ship Endurance trapped in iceB. Shackleton’s adventure marked the highest point of pure explorationC. the age of adventure ended with the ship Endurance trapped in iceD. Shackleton’s adventure predicted that the golden age of exploration was approaching64. The word “spun” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “_______”.A. summed upB. judgedC. boasted aboutD. referred to65. Since Jon Krakauer’s book was published _______.A. the media have got interested in the topic of adventureB. the costs of extreme travel have gone upC. Everest has got its name known to EuropeD. people have got fascinated by Himalayan avalanches59. The adventure in Shackleton’s time has different implications from today’s in that _______.A. Shackleton’s adventure lasted longer then any other adventure nowadaysB. n o one was missing during Shackleton’s adventureC. Shackleton’s adventure was entirely for the sake of adventureD. Shackleton enrolled volunteers more easilySection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately merciful reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense.There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend. It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, and government.The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin. There are familial(家庭的), religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school. For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are very normal. There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is common; there are homes which cultivate young people with high standards of moral behaviour and others which leave moral training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society. The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour applicants with positive moral behaviour. Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for cultivating future doctors with moral sensitivity. Unfortunately there are troubling data that suggest that during medical school the moral behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress (倒退).It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example on moral behaviour. Medical schools must do something to make sure that their students are expected to be clear from day one. The development of a school’s cult ure of moral behaviour requires cooperation with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and developing. Moreover, the school’s examination system and general treatment of students must be fair. Finally, the treatment of infractions (违规) must be firm, fair, transparent (透明的).63. What does the author say about cheating in medical schools?A. Extensive research has been done about this phenomenon.B. We have sufficient data to prove that prevention is possible.C. We know that this phenomenon exists in every medical school.D. We still need more reliable data to know how serious it is.64. According to the author, it is important to prevent cheating in medical schools because________.A. The medical profession is based on trustB. There is zero tolerance of cheating in medicineC. The medical profession depends on the governmentD. Cheating exists extensively in medical schools65. Which of the following statements will the author probably agree with?A. Medical schools should make a less competitive environment for students.B. Outstanding people should create a set of moral standards to be followed.C. Medical students should be positive in creating and preserving moral behavior.D. We don’t know the cause-and-effect of the examination cheating in medical school.66. Which of the following can be implied from the passage?A. It makes little sense to talk about medical school student cheating in exams.B. Medical schools haven’t been doing well t o help students develop morally.C. Cheating in exams is tolerable outside of medical school circle.D. Elimination of exams helps cultivate healthier characters of medical school students.Section BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（C）There is plenty of complaints about how social media-texting in particular—may be harming children’s social and intellectual development. But a new study suggests that constant instantmessaging (IM’ing) and texting among teens may also provide benefits, particularly for those who are introverted (内向的).British researchers studied instant messages exchanged by 231 teens, aged 14 to 18. All of the participants were “regular” or “extensive” IM’ers. In the U. S., two thirds of teens use instant messaging services regularly, with a full third messaging at least once every day.The researchers analyzed 150 conversations in the study, and reported the results in the journal Computers in Human Behavior. In 100 of these chats, the study participant began IM'ing while in a negative emotional state such as sadness, distress or anger. The rest were conversations begun when the participant was feeling good or neutral. After the chat, participants reported about a 20% reduction in their distress—not enough to completely eliminate it, but enough to leave them feeling better than they had before reaching out.“Our findings suggest that IM'ing between distressed adolescents and their peers may provide emotional relief and consequently contribute to their well-being,” the authors write, noting that prior research has shown that people assigned to talk to a stranger either in real life or online improved their mood in both settings, but even more with IM. And people who talk with their real-life friends online also report feeling closer to them than those who just communicate face-to-face, implying a strengthening of their bond.Why would digital communication do better than human contact? The reasons are complex, but may have something to do with the fact that users can control expression of sadness and other emotions via IM without revealing emotional elements like tears that some may consider as embarrassing or sources of discomfort. Studies also show that the anonymity (匿名) of writing on a device blankets the users in a sense of safety that may cause people to feel more comfortable in sharing and discussing their deepest and most authentic feelings. Prior research has shown that expressive writing itself can “vent”emotions and provide a sense of relief—and doing so, knowing that your words are reaching a sympathetic friend, may provide even more comfort and potentially be therapeutic. Researchers also found that introverted participants reported more relief from IM conversations when they were distressed than extroverts did. Susan Cain, author of Quiet wrote recently for TIME: Introverts are often brimming over with thoughts and care deeply for their friends, family and colleagues. But even the most socially skilled introverts sometimes long for a free pass from socializing or talking on the phone. This is what the Internet offers: the chance to connect—but in measured doses and from behind a screen.63. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Teens are more likely to send instant messages when feeling distressed.B. Instant messaging can help completely remove teens’ negative emotions.C. Chat via instant messaging services makes participants feel good or calm.D. Constant instant messaging can help teens control their negative emotions.64. The underlined word “vent” in paragraph 5 most probably means_________.A. controlB. maintainC. releaseD. conceal65. What does the digital communication enable users to do?A. Find more sympathetic friends.B. Share and discuss more information.C. Produce more expressive writings.D. Avoid embarrassment and discomfort.66. What can be concluded from the new study by British researchers?A. Instant messaging will prevent children’s social and intellectual development.B. Introverted teens may benefit from constant instant messaging.C. Teens feeling bad often feel closer to real-life friends than to the net friends.D. American teens aged 14 to 18 are extensive instant messaging users.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Scots are more likely to drink themselves to death than people from any other nation in Western Europe except Austria and Portugal. Every day, six Scots die from alcohol-related conditions. Our hospitals and health services struggle with the wider damage. An estimated 51,600 Scots suffer from drink-related illness. Incidence of liver disease has shot up 40 percent in the past seven years. Most knife attacks and most adult murders occur under the influence of alcohol. And drink abuse (嗜酒) has ruined thousands of families, a personal, psychological and social cost on。
2017届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--中英翻译--学生版(已校对)
V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 看到他的表情，我忍不住把实情告诉了他。
(resist)73. 随着时间的推移，那本日记上的字迹现在已模糊不清，难以辨认。
(With)74. 把难记的单词或句子同一件有趣的事情联系起来，记住它们就轻而易举了。
(associate)75. 正是因为学习方法因人而异，所以在学习和生活中适合你的不一定就适合我。
(vary)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 永远不要对你孩子的缺点熟视无睹。
(blind)73. 任何情况下，你都不应该恶意评论他人。
(Under…)74. 申请人必须精通英语，否则他无法胜任这个岗位。
(command)75. 除了美味的咖啡和甜品，这间咖啡馆还提供各种书籍，从小说到诗歌，应有尽有，足以让你安静地度过一个下午。
(range)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 正巧这几天有空，去公园散步如何？(happen)73. 一副油画赠予了该美术馆，以纪念两个城市间的珍贵友谊。
(honor)74. 与诗歌欣赏有关的电视节目倍受欢迎，以致于越来越多的人开始关注中国古典文学。
(So…)75. 这位年轻的科学家把获得的众多突出成就归功于从高中时期开始就博览群书、做事持之以恒、不甘落后。
上海市2017奉贤区初三英语二模试卷(含答案)
奉贤区2016-2017 第二学期初三英语期中调研卷( 满分150 分，考试时间100 分钟）考生注意：本卷有7 大题，共94 小题。
试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在试卷上不给分。
Part 1 Listening ( 第一部分听力）A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片）（6 分）A B CD E FG H1.____2. ____3. ____4. ____5. ____6. _____B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）（8分）7. A) Next Thursday. B) Last Thursday.C) Next Tuesday. D) Last Tuesday.8. A) By bus. B) By taxi.C) By bike. D) On foot.9. A) In a hospital. B) In a book store.C) In a supermarket. D) In a public library10. A) To see a film. B)To have sports.C) To do shopping. D) To post a letter.11. A) Shop assistant and customer. B) Mother and son.C) Doctor and patient. D) Boss and secretary.12. A) The Lantern Festival. B) The Mid-autumn festival.C) Thanksgiving Day. D) Christmas Day13. A) Because he wants to see a film.B) Because he will work late tonight.C) Because he wants to visit his classmates.D) Because he will watch a football match.l4. A) It will be given to Aunt Jane.B) It will be thrown away.C) It will be under Aunt Jane ’s care.D) It will be taken to Australia.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）（6分）15. Kite flying is a popular activity in spring in China.I6. Kites shaped like swallows ( 燕子）mean long life and peaches mean good luck.听 17. Many people visit the city of Weifang every April to take part in the International Kite Festival.18. The kite was invented by Chinese people over 200 years ago.19. People got the idea of inventing the lightning rod ( 避雷针） from a kite.20. The passage mainly talks about how to fly kites safely in spring.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences ( 短文，完成下列句子。
上海市2017届高三英语二模汇编-完型填空
——选词填空Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ask Siri if she’s a woman. Go ahead: try it. She'll tell you she’s____41____. “Like cacti, a certain species of fish,” she might say. So is Amazon’s Alexa, Microsoft’s Cortana, Samsung’s S V oice, and Google Now. But, man, do they ever sound a lot like women? ____42____, we think of them as ladies too. In Old Norse(古挪威语), Siri translates to “a beautiful woman who leads you to victory”. We assign female pronouns to them, and, in turn, they fold female turns of phrase into their robotic and occasionally silly answers to our requests.If we prize gender diversity(多样性) in other areas of daily life, why does our tech sound so____43____? The biggest reason for the female phone fixation rests in social science. “Research indicates there’s likely to be greater acceptance of female____44____,” says Karl MacDorman, a professor at Indiana University who specializes in human computer interaction. MacDorman and his team played clips of male and female voices to people of both genders, then asked them to identify which they____45____. The researchers also measured the way participants responded to the voices. In a 2011 paper, they reported that both women and men said female voices came across as warmer. ____46____, women even showed a subconscious preference for responding to females; men remained subconsciously neutral.Why the____47____? Stanford University communications professor Clifford Nass wrote that people tend to see female voices as helping them solve their problems by themselves, while they view male voices as authority figures who tell them the answers to their problems. We want____48____ to help us, but we also want to be the boss of it, so we are more likely to choose a female interface(接口程序).This tendency suggests that companies will make a better impression on a ____49____group of customers with a woman's voice. But not just any voice. It has to ____50____ a brand’s personality. For help with that, companies often turn to Greg Pal, vice president of marketing, strategy, and business development at Nuance Communications, which licenses its____51____of more than 100 voices. Pal insists that some brands choose male speakers. He turned on his iPhone and pulled up the Domino's Pizza app, which has an assistant, Dom. He sounded like a high school English teacher--educated and helpful but not ____52____. That's about right for a brand attempting to ____53____ guys ordering pies before the big game.As voice technology improves, though, designers say diversity will too. Many devices already letyou ____54____ a voice interface. For example. Homer Simpson, a famous cartoon character can tell you where to take a left on our GPS device. And Siri can become a sir, if you take the time to____55____. Want to know how to do it? Ask her. She'll tell you in her uniquely warm, helpful--and female--tone.41. A. robotic B. high-tech C. genderless D. creative42.A. Culturally B. Obviously C. Grammatically D. Undoubtedly43.A. female B. ridiculous C. professional D. reasonable44. A. charm B. professors C. speech D. participants45.A. accepted B. misunderstood C. studied D. preferred46. A. In practice B. On the contrary C. By this means D. At first47. A. neutrality B. prejudice C. authority D. conscience48. A. interaction B. technology C. personality D. society49. A. more sociable B. more talented C. broader D. wealthier50. A. improve B. develop C. admire D. suit51. A. market B. business C. research D. library52.A. strange B. bossy C. reliable D. unique53. A. appeal to B. look into C. meet with D. run after54. A. educate B. customize C. leave D. answerA. buildB. tailorC. playD. improve(宝山区只有54题选项单词与长宁等3区不一样) 55. A. repeat B. assist C. reprogram D. communicate41-45 CAACD46-50 ABBCD 51-55 DBABCDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Good news for awkward teenagers around the world. As time goes by, you could ___41___ up like a completely different person.This comes from the longest running personality study ever ___42__ by scientist. According to researchers from the University of Edinburgh in the UK, our personality changes so much from youth to old age that most people’s personalities in older age are barely ___43___ compared to their younger selves.The researchers analyzed results from a study in 1947, which gathered 1,208 teenagers in Scotland aged 14 and asked their teachers to ___44___ their personalities based on six traits（特征）.Now, more than six decades later, the University of Edinburgh team has managed to contact 635 of the ___45___ students, and 174 agreed to have their personalities tested once more.At an average age of 76.7 years old, the group were asked to ___46___ themselves on the same six personality traits, then pick a close friend or family member to do the same.By ___47___ the then-and-now test results, the researchers found that there is hardly any relationship between traits people had as teenagers and those in their older years.It was “as if the second tests had been given to ___48___ people,” the study’s researchers wrote in their report, which was published in journal Psychology and Aging.The results were a surprise because research in the past found personality ___49___ in people tested from childhood to middle-age, and from middle-age to older age.As the team explained, our personality appears stable over short intervals -- ___50___ so throughout adulthood. ___51___, the longer the interval between two tests of personality, the ___52___ the relationship between the two tends to be.It’s clear that more studies are needed to find out what’s going on here. But it could be the first ___53___ that it’s not just our cells that are being ___54___ throughout life – the way we think, feel and behave might no be as ___55___ as we once thought.41. A. hold B. wake C. end D. cheer42. A. carried out B. applied to C. participated in D. made up43. A. incredible B. accessible C. changeable D. recognizable44. A. assemble B. assess C. assume D. access45. A. alternative B. individual C. original D. separate46. A. score B. rate C. comment D. remark47. A. comparing B. reviewing C. presenting D. observing48. A. young B. similar C. amateur D. different49. A. combination B. stability C. transformation D. flexibility50. A. increasingly B. strangely C. subsequently D. obviously51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise52. A. stronger B. closer C. further D. weaker53. A. option B. sign C. symptom D. cause54. A. replaced B. exposed C. divided D. cultivated55. A. stuck in mud B. buried in sand C. lost in thought D. set in stone41-55 CADBC BADBA CDBADDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently _________boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are _______as big heroes.It seems to me that people, especially men, find it _______because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can _______ the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a ______ themselves. It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time, but they cannot show their _______in their everyday lives. Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression.However, there is a ______side to boxing. It can be a very dangerous sport. Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur boxers ______have to wear helmets, there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing, sometimes with ________consequences. Boxers have suffered from head injuries, and occasionally, fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the__________. Furthermore, studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing, in the form of serious brain _______, even if a boxer has never been knocked out.I am personally not at all in ______of aggressive sports like boxing. I think it would be better if less time was _______to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society. I believe that the world is aggressive enough already! Of course, people like _______sports, and so do I, but I think that ______other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.41. A. broadcast B. cover C. host D. design42. A. kept B. individual C. thought D. treated43. A. appealing B. subjective C. violent D. challenging44. A. pick up B. believe in C. identify with D. long for45. A. winner B. spectator C. inspector D. trainer46. A. ambition B. aggression C. energy D. strength47. A. positive B. indifferent C. deadly D. negative48. A. otherwise B. somehow C. even D. barely49. A. dramatic B. eye-catching C. emotional D. special50. A. court B. ring C. pitch D. yard51. A. loss B. drain C. damage D. disorder52. A. favour B. process C. charge D. power53. A. shifted B. transformed C. given D. delivered54. A. competitive B. quiet C. cooperative D. regular55. A. invading B. insulting C. teasing D. hitting41-45 BDACA 46-50 BDCAB 51-55CACADSection BDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.To Apologize or Not to ApologizeWhy difficult?When we do wrong to someone we know, even not 41 , we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders, the circumstances are 42 . The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the 43 but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every word or expression 44 ,as they become part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.Why now?The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more 45 . During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more 46 than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of 47 apologies. Meanwhile, more and more articles, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of 48 apologies. Although they are not carried out in the public place, we can’t neglect the importance of this performance. Why 49 ?Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for 50 . They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a strong 51 . Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.Why refuse?Why is it that leaders so often try every means to 52 apologies, even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even 53 risky. Apologies can be signalsfor admitting mistakes and mistakes can be indication of job insecurity. Leaders may also be afraid that 54 of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough (硬撑) in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk 55 .41. A. immediately B. intentionally C. occasionally D. accidentally42. A. simple B. ridiculous C. abnormal D. different43. A. individual B. company C. family D. society44. A. conflicts B. matters C. appeals D. deceives45. A. urgent B. possible C. necessary D. simple46. A. interestedly B. patiently C. frequently D. hopefully47. A. faithful B. trusty C. immediate D. public48. A. sincere B. acceptable C. private D. positive49. A. bother B. reduce C. regret D. ignore50. A. promotion B. criticism C. appreciation D. identification51. A. personality B. will C. reason D. desire52. A. attempt B. involve C. commit D. avoid53. A. financially B. professionally C. academically D. physically54. A. avoidance B. admission C. involvement D. elimination55. A. fulfillment B. statement C. occupation D. strategy41-45 BDABA 46-50 CDCAB 51-55 CDBBDDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday. The landmark deal aims to deal with global warming among growing (41)______ that the world is becoming hotter even faster than scientists expected.So far, 96 countries, accounting for just over two-thirds of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, have formally joined the agreement, which (42)______ to limit global warming this century to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above what it was before machines and (43)______ appeared in the late 1700s. The United States (44) ______ entered into the agreement in September, and more countries are expected to come aboard in the coming weeks and months.United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon celebrated the event, talking with nongovernmental groups at U.N. headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and (45)______ for the future.“This is an emotional moment for me. It is a credit to all of you. And it is (46)______ for the world,” Ban said in his opening remarks.He praised the (47)______ for getting hundreds of millions of people to back fighting climate change but (48)______ the outcome remained uncertain.“We are still in a race (49)______ time. We need to move on to a low-emission and climate-sustainable future,” Ban added.Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement, signed by 192 parties last December in Paris, has come into force, saying it shows a new commitment by the international community to (50)_____ a problem that is melting polar ice caps, sending sea levels (51)______and transforming vast areas into desert.“(52)______ the real effect of the agreement after it goes into effect is still uncertain, it is a simplesign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to control climate change, which is (53)______ positive,” said Feng Qi, executive director of the School of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Kean University in New Jersey.Scientists and (54)______ say the agreement is the first step of a much longer and complicated process of reducing the use of fossil fuels, which currently (55) ______ the majority of the planet’s energy needs and also are the primary drivers of global warming.41. A. applicants B. fears C. observations D. comments42. A. seeks B. allows C. assumes D. seizes43. A. institutions B. laboratories C. committees D. factories44. A. formally B. instantly C. particularly D. generally45. A. prejudices B. approaches C. visions D. concepts46. A. spiritual B. historic C. appropriate D. valueless47. A. agreements B. groups C. headquarters D. emissions48. A. apologized B. denied C. warned D. overlooked49. A. against B. on C. for D. without50. A. avoid B. find C. address D. ignore51. A. falling B. rising C. disappearing D. remaining52. A. Until B. Since C. If D. While53. A. under no circumstances B. on the contraryC. in no caseD. by all means54. A. officers B. policymakers C. employers D. technicians55. A. remove B. preserve C. supply D. restore41-45 BADAC46-50 BBCAC51-55 BDDBCFill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Being Bigger isn’t Necessarily Considered BetterThe film, which famously started life in 1939, has now declared a new age, that of smaller start-up. By 2014, when Ms Whitman announced HP’s decision to separate its computer and printer business from its corporate hardware and services operations, the company had grown into a clumsy ____41____Its fortunes started to ____42_____with a series of expensive and much criticized purchase. By 2012 it had lost its position as the World ‘s leading supplier of PCs to Lenovo. The dramatic ____43____was aimed at helping the firm adapt to the new age of mobile and online computing, responding to shareholder demands for more aggressive ______44_____.“ I would go from laser jet printing to our big enterprise services contracts where we were running the back end of IT for many big companies and organizations. These two things are not like each other. So the ability to focus and engage with customers on a(n)____45____set of objectives and business outcomes.I can already see the differences.” Ms Whitmannn, who now heads the new spin-off. Hewlett Packard Enterprise ( HPE) selling servers and services, says the change has already ___46____her performance. “One big change is it ____47____each of the divisions to pursue the strategy that is right for them. ____48_____, there is ‘no way ‘printer and PC company HP Inc’s decision last year to by Samsung’s printing business for $1 bn would have happened when it was part of the larger firm. So it’s that ability to drive your own program, not ____49___by other businesses that don’t have the same characteristics.” MsWhitman is so convinced her strategy is working that she’s ____50_____HPE further, spinning off both its business services division and its software business into separate companies last year.Her assumption that bigger doesn’t always mean better seems ____51____. After all, a larger company should find it easier to dominate the market it operates in. But the rapid rise of much small start-ups, competing and often overtaking these established powerful companies means the accepted wisdom that ____52_____equals success is being challenged.____53______in 2014, eBay carved PayPal , the electronic payments arm it bought in 2001, off from the main online sale business.Box, a cloud storage company, is another case in point. Founder Aaron Levie says,” Whether Uber, Airbnb,those same lessons _____54____, which is if you can build something that’s cheaper, faster and more scalable and delivers a far better customer experience than what the traditional sellers were able to do, then you can be extremely ___55_____.41. A. appearance B. construction C. giant D. possession42. A. decline B. increase C. stay D. vary43. A. adventure B. combination C. development D. split44. A. behavior B. growth C. markets D. policies45. A. ambitious B. complex C. narrow D. overall46. A. delivered B. improved C. measured D. standardized47. A. allows B. employs C. reminds D.threatens48. A. All in all B. For example C. On the contrary D. What’s more49. A. held back B. kept on C. looked over D. taken down50. A. dissolved B. expanded C. operated D. shrunk51. A. fundamental B. reasonable C. surprising D. widespread52. A. diligence B. discipline C. profit D. size53. A. Comparatively B. Generally C. Similarly D. Unexpectedly54. A. apply B. fail C. hide D. increase55. A. friendly B. miserable C. motivated D. troublesome41-45 CADBC BABAD CDCADFill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.More Parents Shifting Careers to Achieve Work-life BalanceAs a television news host, Cynthia Demos’ schedule made her home life a challenge. Working nights and weekends meant she rarely put her 3-year-old son and 5-year-old daughter to bed, or spent Saturdays at the park. So, three years ago, Demos began testing the waters to see if operating her own business making marketing videos would create an option for more 41 time.Last month, Demos took a leap. Instead of renegotiating her 42 , she left her job to take her venture to the next level — building her own video production/media training company. It’s a career shift on a path to work-life balance that more 43 are making.New research shows the top reason why people leave their jobs is to 44 opportunities with a better work-life balance. Those who make the 45 say there almost always is a main cause, either work-or home-related. It could be a life-changing event like the birth of a child, or it could be a new demanding boss, change in job responsibilities, or too many missed milestone events. It might even be a more 46 job offer.For Denie Harris, the main cause was the attraction of a better 47 situation for a mom with young daughters. Harris had been marketing director for two companies in South Florida when an opportunity came her way to hold a similar position at her daughters’ school. It was a decision that required 48 all factors. The upside included seeing her children during the workday and sharing the same 49 with them. The downside was leaving the corporate world and earning less. “Everything in life is a give-and-take,” Harris says. “For a mom, working at your children’s school is the best possible place to be.”In the 50 to achieve work-life balance, working mothers having been “quitting” jobs for more than a decade, choosing to stay at home with their children when 51 possible. But today, both men and women are making job changes, choosing work options that better fit their 52 lifestyle. The shift often means serious consideration of 53 , including salary, advancement and fulfillment.Doug Bartel, who left his job as a TV news producer more than a decade ago, says that what working fathers often look for is predictability and control over their schedules. They are starting their own law firms or becoming self-employed consultants to gain that 54 .Big salaries aren’t necessarily the golden handcuffs(手铐) they used to be. With the traditional 40-hour workweek becoming out of date, a survey of nearly 9,700 full-time workers by the global firm of Ernst & Young found that most parents are willing to make 55 and financial concessions (让步)for work-life balance.41. A. balance B. business C. family D. entertainment42. A. issue B. contract C. future D. contribution43. A. employers B. employees C. children D. parents44. A. give up B. seek out C. act on D. substitute for45. A. change B. mistake C. difference D. effort46. A. budget-friendly B. female-friendly C. family-friendly D. business-friendly47. A. work B. living C. security D. education48. A. identifying B. understanding C. describing D. weighing49. A. idea B. feeling C. value D. schedule50. A. struggle B. permission C. decision D. ability51. A. physically B. medically C. financially D. logically52. A. past B. desired C. interesting D. modern53. A. jobs B. hobbies C. sacrifices D. partners54. A. power B. support C. skill D. control55. A. identity B. career C. mental D. considerate41-45 CBDBA46-50 CADDA51-55 CBCDBFill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Robots’ IntelligenceAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly complicated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be ____41____, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell if we figure out how to turn human ___42_____into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language. ____43____, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the ____44____children.” You would want that robot ____45_____with a good set of values.” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots havebeen programmed to keep a ___46____distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a ____47____brought-up person would do.It will be possible to ___48_____more complicated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules. Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are ____49____.The biggest ____50_____with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they’re produced a system that will ____51_____some kind of taboo （禁忌）. One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with a(n) ____52____situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps ,and ask for ___53_____from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in ____54_____, and how to create a set of ethical（伦理的）rules. But if we ___55_____an answer , robots could be good for humanity.41. A. avoided B. revised C. increased D. rejected42. A. personalities B. behaviors C. intentions D. values43. A. Instead B. For example C. After all D. As a result44. A. special B. demanding C. bright D. starving45. A. preloaded B. downloaded C. uploaded D. upgraded46. A. comfortable B. private C. sufficient D. noticeable47. A. literarily B. independently C. properly D. naturally48. A. manufacture B. install C. introduce D. create49. A. careless B. senseless C. powerless D. thoughtless50. A. doubt B. threat C. concern D. prospect51. A. subject B. prohibit C. observe D. break52. A. similar B. familiar C. unusual D. ideal53. A. permission B. guidance C. feedback D. comment54. A. principle B. moral C. standard D. technology55. A. look into B. pick out C. turn to D. come up with41-45 ADBDA 46-50 ACDAC 51-55 DCBBDDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why College is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an ___41____period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult _____42____.In the past two decades, continued connections with and ___43____on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with housework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family toautonomy,universities have ____44_____to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college need to be a time of ___45____and experimentation. This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually and personally._____46_____we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views.____47_____ growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the ___48____world is equally important. Because a college community （群体）differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of ____49___. If students rely on administrations to ___50_____their social behavior and thinking pattern,they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity,within a larger and complex community.______51___,the tendency for universities to monitor and __52_____student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined (规定), the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize many actually be _____53___. It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.Our generation once joined hands and stood from at times of national emergence. What is lacking today is the _____54____between desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their home to be replacement homes and not places to experience growth.But Every college discussion about community values,social climates and behavior should include ___55__of the development importance of students autonomy and self-regulation.41. A. expanded B. educational C. expected D. extended42. A. responsibilities B. abilities C. knowledge D. experience43. A. concentration B. dependence C. influence D. decision44. A. give up B. give away C. give in D. give out45. A. instruction B. exploration C. reflection D. preparation46. A. When B. While C. Since D. If47. A. Intellectual B. Spiritual C. Logical D. Psychological48. A. adult B. virtual C. real D. social49. A. satisfaction B. duty C. belonging D. curiosity50. A. understand B. train C. protect D. regulate51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Thus D. However52. A. change B. criticize C. shape D. motivate53. A. encouraged B. challenged C. agreed D. realized54. A. difference B. tension C. balance D. conflict55. A. observation B. recognition C. determination D. judgment41-45 DABCB 46-50 BADCD 51-55 BCADBDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Throughout history, many lives have been lost at the hands of severe weather. Meteorologists (气象学家) and scientists alike are always investigating new ways to increase the warning time for storms, with the。
上海市各区2017届高三英语二模汇编：阅读理解A篇(带答案精准校对)
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In this section we consider what you can do to train your brain to improve your game playing skills.1. Daily workoutIt is very easy to find tactical puzzles and train. However, you must try to solve them. Don‘t just stare at the position for 10 seconds and then turn to the solution. You won‘t learn anything. Have a go at trying to solve the puzzle. If you got it right then great ---- well done. However, if you got it wrong, then have another look. Ask yourself questions such as the following:●Why did I get it wrong?●What was wrong with my solution?●What was the weakness that the tactic exploited?Where can you find tactical puzzles?It‘s easy. They are everywhere. Many newspapers, including Independent, and magazines have a daily or weekly chess puzzle. Key ―chess puzzles‖ into Google and you‘ll find a whole load of them. There are plenty of puzzle books.2. Use softwareNowadays chess software is terribly cheap. World Champion Vladimir Kramnik recently lost a match 4 – 2 against a software program. This program is available for about ￡30.In general, people use chess software for the wrong reasons. They often play game after game against the machine and get beaten every time. Bored with this, they turn the playing level right down so that the program is almost playing random moves and then they can beat it every time and feel better.Neither method will help you improve. However, chess software can be a fantastically useful learning tool if used in two particular ways.The first is if you have tried to solve a puzzle but it‘s a bit too difficult and you don‘t really understand the solution. Never mind ---- well done for trying. Now set the position up on the program and try different moves. Chess software is faultless at tactical play. It will instantly tellyou the right and wrong moves and why they do or don‘t work.Secondly you can run over games you have played to learn where you have gone wrong and where you could have improved. Get into the habit of keeping the score (i.e. writing down the moves) of games that you play. This will help you to improve and refine your understanding of tactical themes and patterns.56. What would be the best title of this passage?A. How to Train Your BrainB. Where to Find Tactical PuzzlesC. Daily Workout and Use of SoftwareD. How to Improve Your Chess-Playing Skills57. The underlined part ―tactical puzzles‖ in the second paragraph most probably means ______.A. puzzles making us better understand themes and patterns of difficult gamesB. puzzles showing us how to train our brains to think more effectivelyC. puzzles teaching us some skills to play more difficult gamesD. puzzles only teaching us how to play chess games well58. Which of the following would be the right way of using chess software?A. Playing as many games against the machine as possible.B. Always trying difficult puzzles to improve your chess skills.C. Running over games you‘ve played to learn from mistakes and improve.D. Turning the playing level down to build your self confidence and feel better.59. What does the writer think about chess software?A. Chess software will help a lot if properly used.B. Chess software below 30 pounds is too cheap to use.C. Chess software is a fantastically useful learning toolin daily work.D. Chess software helps improve understanding of tactical themes and patterns.Keys:56-59: DBCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Born in 1823 in Wales, Alfred Russel Wallace was a man of modest means, but he had a passion for nature and he chose to follow it. He started out collecting insects as a hobby, but eventually his longing for adventure led him to explore the world.Luckily for Wallace, Victorian Britain was discovering an interest in weird and wonderful insects, so the demand from museums and private collections for these beasts was growing. Wallace was able to make a living doing what he loved: collecting beetles and other insects.But his first trip of exploring the world ended in disaster. Wallace proceeded to the Amazon in South America. Its giant forests promised a wealth of new species, sure to put him on the scientific map. The trip took 6 weeks and involved every mode of transport in existence at the time. After four years Wallace set off for home, but his boat caught fire in the middle of the Atlantic. Everyone survived, but Wallace had to watch in despair as his samples went up in flames –including live animals he was bringing home that were trying to jump free of the flames. But he did not let it stop him.In 1854, Wallace set off on another adventure, this time to the Malay Archipelago. Wallace found himself humbled by the new and exciting things he saw. He later recalled: ―As I lie listening to these interesting sounds, I think how many besides myself have longed to see with their own eyes the many wonderful and beautiful things which I am daily encountering.‖In 1858, Wallace wrote what became known as the ―Ternate essay‖: a piece of writing that was to change our understanding of life forever. In his essay, Wallace argued that a species would only turn into another species if it was struggling for existence. Henry W. Bates was one of many scientists delighted by the idea of evolution by natural selection. In a letter to Wallace, he wrote: ―The idea is like truth itself, so simple and obvious that those who read and understand it will be struck by its simplicity; and yet it is perfectly original.‖56. __________ finally caused Wallace to explore the world.A. His strong affection for natureB. His life-long devotion to beastsC. His deep love for adventureD. Increasing demand for insects57. Which of the following is TRUE about Wallace‘s first trip?A. It took him six weeks to explore the Amazon with all kinds of transportation.B. He made a scientific study of a fairly limited number of insects.C. The fire cost him his four years‘ collection of animals.D. His passion cooled after the disaster.58. Wallace felt _____ on the Malay Archipelago.A. fearlessB. luckyC. challengedD. risky59. Wallace‘s idea on evolution of natural selection __________.A. made no sense at that timeB. built up a new concept of lifeC. was too simple to be trueD. revealed the origin of natureKeys:56-59 CCBBSection BDirections: Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestions or unfinishedstatements. Foreach ofthemtherearefour choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choose the onethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Dear Cutie-Pie,Recently, your mother and I were searching for an answer on Google. Half way through entering the question, Google returned a list of the most popular searches in the world. At the top of the list was ―How to keep him interested.‖It surprised me a lot. I scanned several of the countless articles about how to be sexy and sexual, when to bring him a beer versus a sandwich, and the ways to make him feel smart and superior.And I got angry.Little One, it is not, has never been, and never will be your job to ―keep him interested.‖Little One, your only task is to know deeply in your soul—in that unshakeable place that isn‘t upset by rejection and loss—that you are worthy of interest.If you can trust your worth in this way, you will be attractive in the most important sense ofthe world: you will attract a boy who is both capable of interest and who wants to spend his one life investing all of his interest in you.Little One, I want to tell you about t he boy who doesn‘t need to be kept interested, because he knows you are interesting.I don‘t care if he can‘t play a bit of golf with me—as long as he can play with the children you give him and revel in all the glorious and frustrating ways they are just like you. I don‘t care if he doesn‘t follow his wallet—as long as he follows his heart and it always leads him back to you. I don‘t care if he is strong—as long as he gives you the space to exercise the strength that is in your heart. I couldn‘t care less how he votes—as long as he wakes up every morning and daily elects you to a place of honor in your home and a place of respect in his heart. I don‘t care about the color of his skin. I don‘t care if he was raised in this religion or that religion or no re ligion.Little One, if you come across a man like that and he and I have nothing else in common, we will have the most important thing in common: You.Because in the end, Little One, the only thing you should have to do to ―keep him interested‖ is to be you.Your eternally interested guy,Daddy56. What shocked Daddy when he was surfing on the Internet?A. Girls‘ knowing nothing about trusting themselves.B. Girls‘ giving priority to finding ways to please boys.C. Girls‘ bringing foods and drinks to boys from time to time.D. Girls‘ being upset by being rejected constantly.57. Father thinks what is of primary importance to his daughter is to ____________.A. keep the boy interestedB. know she deserves a boy‘s interestC. attract a boy willing to invest all in herD. find a boy who can please her58. According to the passage, what does the underlined word ―revel‖ mean?A. feel depressedB. become puzzledC. look aroundD. enjoy himself59. What‘s the main purpose of this letter?A. To advise his daughter to trust her worth.B. To inform his daughter how to keep others interested.C. To show his daughter how to find her true love.D. To help his daughter find someone with common interests.Keys:56—59 B B D ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)When Frank and I stepped through the post office doors, there was a crowd gathered, gawking at the new fixture on the wall like a chorus of wide-mouthed frogs. I had to get closer, and that was where being a girl that's scrawnier than a wire fence came in handy. Fortunately, Frank, my twin of eleven years, was just the same."Come on." I said, grabbing his hand, and we slid through the cracks between people until we spilled out in front.Finally I got a good look. It was fixed to the plaster next to the postmaster's window, the place of honor usually reserved for the Wanted posters. Beady-eyed Zedekiah Smith, the bank robber, still hung there, but even he had been pushed aside for something more important.A telephone. The first one in town."How's it work?" Noah Crawford called out. Noah's the best fix-it man around, and I could tell he was itching to get his fingers on those shiny knobs."Don't rightly know," answered the postmaster, and he tugged at his goatee as if it might tell him. "I do know the sound of your voice moves along wires strung on poles. It's sort of like the telegraph, only you hear words instead of dots and dashes.""Ah," the crowd murmured, and I felt my own mouth move along.I gazed at that gleaming wood box and something happened inside me. Something — I can only guess — that might be like falling in love. The thought of talking into that box — of making my voice sail through wires in the sky — it took over my brain. I couldn't get it out."Frank," I whispered to my twin. "I have to use that telephone."Five minutes later, Frank towed me up Main Street, toward home. "Liza — " he began, but I cut him off. We two thought so much alike, I had Frank's questions answered before he even asked.56. People crowded in the post office because ___________.A. they were attracted by a new posterB. the postmaster was delivering a speechC. they were curious about the telephoneD. there was a wanted bank robber captured57. Which of the following is Not True according to the passage?A. Many people stared at the new device in open-mouthed amazement.B. The slight-figured twins managed to push to the front of the crowd.C. Even the best fix-it man in the town got no idea about the new device.D. The postmaster didn‘t know anything about how the telephone worked.58. By― It took over my brain. I couldn’t get it out.‖,we get a clear picture of the girl‘s ______.A. eagerness to use the telephoneB. fascination for the wood boxC. puzzlement over the strange soundD. determination to fly in the sky59. What is the passage mainly about?A. The twins‘ frustrating experiences in the town.B. A special assembly called in the local post office.C. People‘s reaction to the arrival of the first telephone.D. A great celebration of the start of telephone service.Keys:56-59 CDACSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AI used to think ants knew what they were doing. The onesmarching across my kitchen counter looked so confident; I just figuredthey had a plan, knew where they were going and what needed to bedone. How else could ants organize highways, build elaborate nests,launch impressive attacks, and do all the other things ants do?Turns out I was wrong. Ants aren‘t clever little engineers, architects, or soldiersafter all --- at least not as individuals. When it comes to deciding what to do next, most ants don‘t have a clue. ―If you watch an ant try to accomplish something, you‘ll be impressed by how awkward it is,‖ says Deborah M. Gordon, a biologist at Stanford University.―Ants aren‘t smart,‖ Gordon says. ―Ant colonies are.‖ A colony can solve p roblems unthinkable for individual ants, such as finding the shortest path to the best food source, assigning workers to different tasks, or defending a territory from neighbors. As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, but as colonies they respond quickly and effectively to their environment. They do it with something called collective intelligence.Where this intelligence comes from raises an essential question in nature: How do the simple actions of individual ants add up to the complex behavior of a group? How do hundreds of honey-bees make a critical decision about their hive(蜂巢)if many of them disagree? The collective abilities of such animals --- one of which grasps the big picture, but each of which contributes to the group‘s success --- seem miraculous even to the biologists who know them best. Yet during the past few decades, researchers have come up with fascinating insights.56. The author‘s former false impression about ants is that he thought them to be _______.A. smartB. awkwardC. elaborateD. creative57. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Ants will function as a single body once a decision is made by the commander.B. Ants are the only species which developed collective intelligence.C. The ant queen plays a role in managing ant workers besides laying eggs.D. An individual ant can‘t comprehend the whole process of a big movement.58. The paragraph following the passage will most probably deal with _______.A. where we can observe such fantastic behavior of antsB. which is the leading ant in charge of the actionC. how the collective intelligence worksD. what inspiration can be drawn from the collective abilitiesKEYS: 56-58 ADCSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)If your in-box is currently reporting unread messages in the hundreds or thousands, you might have a hard time believing the news: e-mail is on the decline.At first thought, that might seem to be the case. The incoming generation, after all, doesn‘t do e-mail. Oh, they might have an account. They use it only as we would use a fax machine: as a means to communicate with old-school folks like their parents or to fulfill the sign-up requirements of Web sites. They rarely check it, though.Today‘s instant electronic memos—such as texting and Facebook and Twitter messages—are more direct, more concentrated, more efficient. They go without the salutation (称呼语) and the signoff (签收); we already know the ―to‖ and ―from.‖ Many corporations are moving to messaging networks for exactly that reason: more signal, less noise and less time. This trend is further evidence that store-and-forward systems such as e-mail and voicemail are outdated. Instead of my leaving you a lengthy message that you pick up later, I can now send you an easily-read message that you can read—and respond to—on the go.The coming of the mobile era is responsible for the decline of e-mail. Instant written messages bring great convince to people. They can deal with them at about any time: before amovie, in a taxi, waiting for lunch. And because these messages are very brief, they‘re suitable for smart phonetyping.Does this mean e-mail is on its way to the dustbin of digital history? Not necessarily. E-mail still has certain advantages. On the other hand, tweets and texts feel ephemeral—you read them, then they‘re gone, into an endless string, e-mail still feels like something you have and that you can f ile, search and return to later. It‘s easy to imagine that it will continue to feel more appropriate for formal communications: agreements, important news, longer explanations.So, e-mail won‘t go away completely. Remember, we‘ve been through a transition (过度) like this not so long ago: when e-mail was on the rise, people said that postal mail was dead. That‘s not how it works. Postal mail found its smaller market, and so will e-mail. New technology rarely replaces old one completely; it just adds new alternatives.56. What would the incoming generation like to do with their e-mail accounts?A. Contact close friends.B. Send long messages.C. Fill in some forms.D. Communicate with their colleagues.57. Which of the following is mainly discussed in paragraphs 3 and 4?A. The possible reasons behind the decline of e-mail.B. The likes and dislikes of the young generation.C. The rapid development of e-communication channels.D. Evidence about the uncertain future of easily-consumed messages.58. What does the underlined word ―ephemeral‖ in paragraph 5 mean?A. Automatically-sending.B. Randomly-written.C. Hardly- recognized.D. Shortly-appearing.59. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. It‘s too early to determine the decline of e-mail.B. E-mail has reasons to exist on its own advantages.C. E-mail, just like postal mail has come to its end.D. We should feel sorry for the decline of e-mail.KEYS: 56-59CADBSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Like many other people, I love my smart phone, which keeps me connected with the larger world that can go anywhere with me. I also love my laptop，because it holds all of my writing and thoughts. In spite of this love of technology,I know that there are times when I need to move away from these devices and truly communicate with others.On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the materials and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom, I have a rule —no laptop,iPads,phones,etc. When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy.Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology. There‘s a bit of truth to that. Some students assume that I am anti-technology. There‘s no truth in tha t at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it, so I can relate to my students.The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and make connections between the course materials and the class discussion.I‘ve been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create. Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course materials beyond the classroom.I‘m not saying that I won‘t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the chan ge,I‘m sticking to my plan. A few hours oftechnology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up.56. Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with____________.A. the course materialsB. the author‘s class regulationsC. discussion topicsD. others‘ misuse of technology57. Which of the following statements is true?A. The author made the rule in that he was against technology.B. The author made the rule mainly because of his unpleasant experiences.C. The author‘s history class received low assessment.D. The students think highly of the author‘s history class.58. According to the author, the use of technology in the classroom may ___________.A. allow students to get on well with each otherB. improve teaching and offer more helpC. help students to better understand complex themesD. prohibit students being involved in class59. What can we infer from the passage?A. The author will carry on the success in the future.B. Some students will be punished according to the rule.C. More and more students will be absent in history class.D. The author will help students concentrate on what they learn.KEYS:56-59 BDDASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）When memory began for me, my grandfather (―Gramp‖) was past sixty. The little marks of laughter at the corners of his eyes were the product of a kindly and humorous nature. The years ofwork which had bent his shoulders had never reduced his humor or his love of a joke. Everywhere he went, Gramp made friends easily. At the end of half an hour you felt you had known him all your life. I soon learned that he hated to give orders, but that when he had to, he tried to make his orders sound like suggestions.One July morning, as he was leaving to go to the cornfield, he said: ―Edwin, you can pick up the potatoes in the field today if you want to do that.‖ Then he drove away with his horses. The day passed, and I did not have any desire to pick up potatoes. Evening came and the potatoes were still in the field. Gramp, dusty and tired, led the horses to get their drink.―How many potatoes did you pick up?‖ Gramp inquired. ―I didn‘t pick any.‖ ―Not any! Why?‖ ―You said I could pick them up if I wanted to. You didn‘t say I had to.‖ In the next few minutes, I learned a lesson I will not forget: when Gramp said I could if I wanted to, he meant that I should want to.My grandmother (―Gram‖) worked hard all day, washing clothes, cleaning the house, makin g butter, and even working in the field when help was scarce. In the evening, though, she was not too tired to read books from the community library. For more than forty years, Gram read aloud to Gramp almost every evening. In this way, she and Gramp learned about all the great battles of history and became familiar with the works of great authors and the lives of famous men.She also had a deep love of beauty. When she was almost seventy-five and had gone to live with one of her daughters, she spent a delightful morning washing dishes because, as she said, the beautiful pattern on the dishes gave her pleasure. The birds, the flowers, the clouds –– all that was beautiful around her ––pleased her. She was like the father of the French painter, Millet, who us ed to gather grass and show it to his son, saying, ―See how beautiful this is!‖In a pioneer society it is the harder qualities of mind and character that are of value. The softer virtues are considered unnecessary. Men and women struggling daily to earn a living are unable, even for a moment, to forget the business of preserving their lives. Only unusual people, like my grandparents, managed to keep the softer qualities in a world of daily struggle.56. Which of the following is TRUE about Gramp according to the passage?A. He wouldn‘t listen to others.B. He was difficult to get along with.C. He gave his suggestions in the form of orders.D. He was eager to learn.57. According to the author, “softer qualities” DON’T include the ability _____________.A. to earn a livingB. to find beauty in everyday lifeC. to stay curious about new thingsD. to stay positive in a world of daily struggle58. In the days of the writer‘s grandparents _____________.A. ―softer qualities‖ were thought necessary but oft en ignoredB. ―harder qualities‖ were much harder to keep than ―softer qualities‖C. average people found it a piece of cake to earn a livingD. not all people understood how to appreciate beauty in life59. What‘s the most suitable title for the passage?A. Life of My GrandparentsB. Harder Qualities VS Softer QualitiesC. Stay Soft in a Hard WorldD. An Unforgettable PersonKeys:56-59 DADCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）At first glance Esther Okade seems like a normal 10-year-old. She loves dressing up as Elsa from ―Frozen‖, playing with Barbie dolls and going to the park or shopping. But what makes the British-Nigerian youngster stand out is the fact that she‘s also a university student.Esther, from Walsall, an industrial town in the UK‘s West Midlands region, is one of the country‘s youngest college freshmen. The talented 10-year-old enrolled at the Open University in January and is already top of the class, having recently scored 100% in an exam.―It‘s so interesting and super easy,‖ she laughs. ―My mum taught me in a nice way.‖ She adds: ―I want to finish the course in two years. Then I‘m going to do my PhD in financial maths。
2017年上海奉贤区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷
2017年上海奉贤区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法填空（每空1分，满分10分）1、【来源】 2017年上海奉贤区高三一模第21~30题10分Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blankPrepare to SucceedPeople are always thinking about success. It is usually in their brains as they go about their daily routines1（look） for something better. This thought isn'tone2brings you closer, however, because thinking, dreaming or wishing just doesn't get it done.One of the most important parts of personal or professional success is preparation. You may ask, "Why is preparation necessary?"The easiest answer to this question is to say that3you are not ready to move forward, then you may just as well keep doing what you have always done.Success doesn't come easy. There are no shortcuts. Success requires you to be prepared to sacrifice leisure time, or time spent watching television or going out with your friends, at every opportunity.Success means you are prepared to do4it takes to constantly move the yardsticks forward day after day.Here is just one quote, from Calvin Coolidge, the 30th president of the United States that expresses what preparation is5: "Our real problem is not our strength today. It is rather the vital necessity of action today to ensure our strength tomorrow." This quotecan6（interpret） to mean that you may have strength or confidence to start on your way right now to move toward your final goal. However, it is also critical that committed action each day7（build） to help you keep going when obstacles arise or when you just don't feel like you have the interest or energy to stay8（focus）.Preparation also means that you have a plan or a goal it shows you what steps or actions to take, when to take them and what to do if issues, obstacles or9life issues get in the way.10bottom line is actually quite clear: You are either willing, able and committed to achieve what you want, or you are simply dreaming or wishing that success find you.二、选词填空（每空1分，满分10分）2、【来源】 2017年上海奉贤区高三一模第31~40题10分Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The meaning of silence varies among cultural group. Silence may be1, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every2with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs. Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic partof3among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these culture is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe4is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these culture, silence is a call for5.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealingwith6among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence toshow7between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the8meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence isnot9too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing10of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.A. communicatingB. reflectionC. impliedD. interruptedE. thoughtfulF. valueG. agreementH. sharingI. gapJ. possibleK. conflicts三、完形填空（每空1分，满分15分）3、【来源】 2017年上海奉贤区高三一模第41~55题15分MultitaskingWhat is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? Theproducts1at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever noticed the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding2sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to3.A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be4but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers'5to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to abrands6as the quality of its window displays and goods on sales. That is mainly because shopping is a very7experience to what it used to be.Some years ago, the8for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants'9attitude and don't-touch-what-you-can't-afford displays. Now the10of electronic commerce （e-commerce） has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. Bui while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores （实体店）can offer a full experience from the minute customers11through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a （n）12. And scent is just one way to13this.Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of babypowder14through the kid department, and coconut scent in the swimsuitsection. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store's windows to smell books, pots and drawers,15their perfect scent.A. engagedB. deliveredC. displayedD. locatedA. connected withB. compared withC. combined withD. came up withA. purchaseB. wanderC. appreciateD. identifyA. instructiveB. attractiveC. expensiveD. informativeA. expressionB. demandC. intentionD. attentionA. professionB. projectC. relationD. successA. differentB. elegantC. inevitableD. generousA. focusB. accountC. checkD. scheduleA. determinedB. carelessC. objectiveD. disapprovingA. viewB. riseC. tradeD. effectA. stepB. inspectC. striveD. proceedA. occasionB. momentC. destinationD. departmentA. applyB. achieveC. mentionD. observeA. appearsB. inputsC. chasesD. floatsA. in terms ofB. in the form ofC. in search ofD. in common with四、阅读理解（每题2分，满分22分）4、【来源】 2017年上海奉贤区高三一模第56~59题8分AThey say a cat has nine lives, and I think that possible since I am now living my third life and I'm not even a cat. My father died when I was 15, and we had a hard struggle to make a living. And my mother, who was seriously ill in her last years, died while still in her 60s. My sister married soon after, and I followed her example within the year.This was when I began to enjoy my first life. I was very happy, in excellent health. I had a good job in San Jose and a beautiful home up the peninsula in San Carlos. Life was a pleasant dream. Then the dream ended. I became afflicted（使苦恼）with a slowly progressive disease of the motor nerves, affecting first my right arm and leg, and then my other side. Thus began my second life....In spite of my disease I still drove to and from work each day, with the aid of special equipment installed in my car. And I managed to keep my health and optimism, to a degree, because of 14 steps. Crazy? Not at all. Our home was an affair with 14 steps leading up from the garage to the kitchen door. Those steps were a standard measure of life. They were my yardstick, my challenge to continue living. I felt that if the day arrived when I was unable to lift one foot up one step and then drag the other painfully after it ---repeating the process 14 times, I would be through---1 could then admit defeat and lie down and die.Then on a dark night in August, 1971, I began my third life. It was raining when I started home that night; strong winds and slashing rain beat down on the car as I drove slowly down one of the less-traveled roads. Suddenly the steering wheel jerked（猝然一动）. In the same instant I heard the bang of a blowout. It was impossible for me to change that tire! Utterly impossible!I started the engine and thumped slowly along until I came to the dirt road, where I turned in and where I found lighted windows welcomed me to a house and pulled into the driveway and blared the horn.The door opened and a little girl stood there. When she knew what happened to me, she went into the house and a moment later came out, followed by a man who called a cheerful greeting. I sat there comfortable and dry, and felt a bit sorry for the man and the little girl working so hard in the storm.About an hour later, the man's voice was heard, "This is a bad night for car trouble, but you're all set now. " "Thanks," I said. "How much do I owe you?" He shook his head, "Nothing. Cynthia told me you were a cripple. Glad to be of help. 1 know you'd do the same for me. There's no charge, friend." I held out a five-dollar billion， "No! I like to pay my way." He made no effort to take it and the little girl stepped closer to the window and said quietly, "Grandpa can't see it. "(1) '"A cat has nine lives'1 here means.A. a cat can live nine times longer than any other animalB. a cat can die ninthC. a lucky man cannot die easilyD. the writer will live nine times(2) What do you think of the man who helped change the tire?A. Warm-hearted but pitiableB. Warm-hearted and happyC. A blind old man that has nothing to do every dayD. A poor old man that is always ready to help others(3) How will the story be ended?A. The writer paid the little girl but the old man did not accept.B. The writer drove away with tears running down his cheek.C. The writer stayed there, without knowing what to do and how to do.D. In the next few frozen seconds the writer felt the shame and astonishment he had never felt before.(4) The best title for this passage perhaps will be.A. The Old Man and His DaughterB. Heart Leaping UpC. Never Lose HeartD. Good Will Be Rewarded Good5、【来源】 2017年上海奉贤区高三一模第60~62题6分BWhat we doEFP Courses provide courses in English language and British culture. Our courses are aimed at students aged between 12 and 17 who are at pre-intermediate level or above in English. The courses are held in Guildford, a historic town near London.Typical structure of a one-week courseup to 25 hours of English run by native speakers, qualified in teaching English as a foreign language and specialist drama teachers 2 full-day sightseeing trips to London and Oxford (at weekends) FULL BOARD（全食宿）with local, English-speaking familiesWhen we run the coursesEFP courses can be organized only during British state school terms. For this academic year, courses can be booked between now and 23 May and between 30 May and 30 June. We welcome you to book from 3 September 2016 to 25 October 2016 and from 31 October to 20 December 2016.Why choose EFP coursesin addition to our standard English classes, we also run drama and expression English classes, taught by specialist drama teacherswe expose our students to British culture for the entire length of the coursewe tailor courses to each group's needs, creating a unique experience for our students. Note that any changes to our courses are made within reason and only if all participants from a group share the same language level. Please see further details on our website.Length of a courseEFP courses run for either one or two weeks depending on the specific requirements for your group. How to apply***************************************************************.uk.Bycontactingusbefore you make any travel arrangements you ensure that we can put your group up on the dates that you require. For more details, please visit .See you in Guildford soon!(1) What does the leaflet tell us about EFP courses?A. Their target students are teenagers of all English levels.B. They are available on the school campuses in London and Oxford.C. Every individual participant is supplied with tailored language support.D. They involve students in British culture activities during the whole course.(2) Suppose you are to take EFP courses this academic year, you can.A. make a reservation from October 31 to December 20B. enjoy a special series of lessons for a whole school termC. experience English dramas with English-speaking familiesD. hand in an application by visiting their website(3) The purpose of this writing is to.A. attract qualified teachers to EFP coursesB. offer group students access to BFP coursesC. demonstrate the popularity of EFP coursesD. illustrate the importance of EFP courses6、【来源】 2017年上海奉贤区高三一模第63~66题8分（C）Here amid the steel and concrete canyons, green grass grows. A hawthorn tree（山楂树）stands in new soil, and freshly dug plants bend in the wind.But Chicago City Hall here seems an unlikely spot for a garden of any variety—especially 20,000 square feet of gardens—on its roof.As one of a handful of similar projects around the country, the garden is part of a $1.5 million demonstration projected by the city to reduce its "urban heat islands" , said William Abolt, the commissioner of the Department of Environment.Heat islands-dark surfaces in the city, like rooftops---soak up heat. The retention（滞留）can bake a building, making it hard to cool down.The roof of City Hall, a 90-year-old gray stone landmark on LaSalle Street in the heart of downtown, has been known to reach temperature substantially hotter than the actual temperature on the street below.The garden will provide greenery and shade. "And that,"said the city officials, will save the city dollars on those hot summer days. The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof whose life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.The stretching open-air rooftop garden is being carefully built on a multi-tiered（多展的）bed of special soil, polystyrene（聚苯乙烯）, egg-carton-shaped cones and "waterproof membrane（薄膜）"mall to keep the roof from leaking, or caving under the normal combined weight of soil, min and plant life.The design calls for soil depths of 4 inches to 18 inches. When the last plants and seedlings are buried and the last bit of soil is laid, the garden will have circular brick stepping-stones winding up to hills."The primary focus of what we want to do is to establish this laboratory on the top of City Hall to get people involved and understanding their impact on the environment and how the little things can make an impact on the quality of life"Mr. Abolt said, adding that the plants also help to clear the air.Rooftop gardens, in places where concrete jungles have erased plants and trees, are not new, not even in Chicago. Arms of greenery hanging over terraces or growing from rooftops, common in Europe, are becoming more so in the United States as people become increasingly conscious about the environment.Richard M. Daley, who urged the environmental department to look into the project after noticing rooftop gardens in Hamburg, Germany a few years ago, has praised the garden as the first of its kind on a public building in the country.It will hold thousands of plants in more than 150 species-wild onion and butterfly weed, sky-blue aster and buffalo grass----to provide data on what species adapt best. Small plants requiring shallow soil depths were chiefly selected.(1) The rooftop garden project.A. is common and popular in the countryB. is a demonstration project and costs the city government 1.5 million dollarsC. will make the ordinary cooling down of the city in summer unnecessaryD. aims at getting people involved and understanding their impact on the environment(2) What can we learn about the City Hall?A. It was built ninety years ago and is the most outstanding feature in the center of the city.B. It is originally proper to build a garden on the top of the City Hall.C. The temperature on its top is a little bit lower than that on the street below.D. It is the first building in America to have a garden on it.(3) Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Every year, Chicago spends about $ 4,000 on cooling the city.B. The design of the garden on the City Hall specially takes into consideration the weight the roof can stand.C. The Mayor urged the environmental department to look into rooftop gardens in Hamburg and build similar ones in America.D. Heat islands mainly refer to those dark-colored rooftops which receive and retain heat and will not easily release the heat.(4) The word "substantially " （Line 2, Para. 5） most likely means.A. a little bitB. in factC. materiallyD. considerably五、信息匹配（每空2分，满分8分）7、【来源】 2017年上海奉贤区高三一模第67~70题8分Directions:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.No matter how early she went to bed, Maggie couldn't fall asleep until the early hours. Though constantly exhausted, Maggie got good grades in school, but she often got in trouble for napping during her morning classes.After graduating from college, Maggie realized her dream of becoming a teacher. However, waking up for her 8:30 a.m. classes turned her into a zombie （无生气的人） , and she lost her job because she lacked enthusiasm.Maggie isn't lazy. She suffers from delayed sleep phase syndrome （DSPS，睡眠相位后移症候群）---a disorder that affects one in 750 adults that causes them to be somewhat nocturnal （夜间活动的）. DSPS is often confused with insomnia（失眠），perhaps because sufferers seem tired during the day. However, the two disorders are very different. Insomniacs have trouble with the process of falling asleep.1They just can't fall asleep early even if they want to.Essentially, DSPS means a person's internal clock is set differently.2As a result, they're out of sync （同步）with the rest of society. People with DSPS struggle to keep their eyes open during morning meetings because their bodies are convinced it's the middle of the night. They seem less efficient and creative at the office, and make more workplace accidents. DSPS also damages their health, causing depression, anxiety, heart disease and many other illnesses due to sleep deprivation.3. Fortunately, that's not the case. Flexible work schedules are already very common. Traditionally, managers tend to think more people in the office equals more output, but new research shows that people who work flexible hours are more productive and more likely to stay with their company because they are happier and healthier. Thanks to these findings, many European countries have passed laws giving every worker the right to apply for a flexible work arrangement. According to Cary Cooper, a psychologist at Lancaster University, most U.K. employees will be working half from home in five years.This is great news not just for DSPS sufferers but also for theircompanies.4Consequently, they will be able to save a large sum of money.A. DSPS sufferers have internal clocks that run at least two hours slower than normal.B. Businesses that don't force their employees to live by the dawn-to-dusk schedule would allow those with DSPS to make good use of their most productive hours.C. DSPS would be unfortunate but unavoidable if our society had to choose one timetable for everyone to live by.D. Employers willing to let their employees work flexible hours will enjoy access to a greater number of quality employees, higher productivity and lower office space costs.E. DSPS sufferers are perhaps a small population that's benefiting greatly from the growth of flexible work in our economy.F. People with DSPS sleep perfectly fine during the hours their bodies tell them to.六、任务型阅读（满分10分）8、【来源】 2017年上海奉贤区高三一模第71题10分Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Around the world, music therapy is being used to treat different medical conditions and illnesses. Some of the ways people use music therapy are to reduce pain, such as in childbirth or during cancer treatments, or to stimulate brain activity after an injury or money loss. Music therapy has also been successful in aiding children to overcome disabilities. Children can move their bodies with the music and stamp along to the beat.Why is music a useful therapy? Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates our brains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music. But the complexity of music provokes （激发） the biggest response. Thus, classical music is most typically used for therapies due to complex sounds and patterns. Playing a musical instrument rather than simply listening to music can also be therapeutic for some people, helping relieve stress and anxiety.Music has been shown to reduce pain in cancer patients by increasing the release endorphin（内啡肽）. Endorphins are the body's natural painkillers, and when we listen to music, our brains respond by releasing these natural painkillers. It has also been known to contribute to the brain development of the babies who have just been born and even babies still in the mother's womb. Certain types of music have also been found to lower blood pressure and slow a person's heart rate. At present, music therapy is used in a variety of settings such as hospitals, nursing homes, day cares and schools.Although music therapy is not yet considered a mainstream treatment, it is recognized more and more as a useful addition to traditional treatment. So next time you are feeling low or stressed out, put on some relaxing music and let the music heal you.七、翻译句子（满分15分）9、【来源】 2017年上海奉贤区高三一模第72~75题15分Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.(1) 环保组织呼吁公众投票反对这个项目。
2017年上海奉贤区高三二模试卷(附答案)
2017年奉贤区高三二模语文试题一、积累运用（10分）1.填空。
（5分）（每空1分）（1），万钟于我何加焉？（孟子《鱼我所欲也》）（2）伤心秦汉经行处，。
（张养浩《·潼关怀古》）（3）杜甫《登楼》中从时间、空间两处着笔，意境阔大悠远的二句是“，。
”2.按序评点三国人物诸葛亮、刘备、周瑜、鲁肃，以下正确的一项是（）。
（2分）①世间豪杰英雄士，江左风流美丈夫。
②求田问舍唯堪笑，报国忘家烈可闻。
③若无子敬心相似，争得乌林破魏师。
④兴旺天下三分局，今古人思五丈原。
A.①②④③B.④②①③C.②③①④D.④①③②3.画线处最适合填入的一项是（）。
（3分）诗必有所本，本于自然；亦必有所创，创为艺术。
自然与艺术媾和，结果乃在实际的人生世相之上；另建立一个宇宙，正犹如织丝缕为锦绣，凿顽石为雕刻，，。
诗与实际的人生世相之关系，妙处唯在不即不离。
惟其“不离”，所以有真实感；惟其“不即”，所以新鲜有趣。
A.非全是天然造化，亦非全是别具匠心B.非全是天然造化，亦非全是依样画葫芦C.非全是空中楼阁，亦非全是别具匠心D.非全是空中楼阁，亦非全是依样画葫芦二、阅读（70分）（一）阅读下文，完成4-9题（17分）《变形记》封面的演变王晓林①20世纪西方现代主义文学中，卡夫卡《变形记》的经典地位毋庸置疑，它被翻译成上百种语言，在世界各地广泛流传。
除《变形记》文本本身所具有的价值外，它的“副文本”同样值得关注。
对绘画艺术兴趣浓厚的卡夫卡，曾创作过多种风格的画作，并且十分注重文学作品的装帧印刷效果，特别是封面设计效果。
因此《变形记》封面从1915年初版单行本开始，就陷入了“作者意志”与“设计者意志”纷争的漩涡之中。
②在卡夫卡的《变形记》初版单行本付梓之际，给莱比锡的库尔特·沃尔夫出版社写了这样一封信：③“尊敬的先生：您最近来信说，奥托玛尔·施塔克将为《变形记》设计封面。
我产生了小小的恐惧。
□就我从《拿破仑》上对这位艺术家的认识而言，这种恐惧也许是多余的，我是说，由于施塔克真的要动笔了，于是我想到这样的问题，他会不会去画那个甲虫本身？别画那个，千万别画那个！我不是想限制他的权力范围，而仅仅是根据我对个故事显然是更深的理解提出请求的。
2017届上海英语高三二模翻译及答案
长宁卷72. 只有多练，你才能提高驾驶技术。
(Only)73. 在旅游旺季机票订得越早越便宜。
(book)74. 无论白天在学校发生了什么事情，晚上要尽量把负担卸下。
(No matter)75. 随着互联网的发展，海量信息唾手可得，或许你觉得在也没有必要去图书馆了。
(need n.)72. Only through frequent practice can you improve your driving skills73. The earlier you book a plane ticket in a tourist season , the lower its price will be .74. No matter what happens at school during the day , as early in the evening as you can , put all your burden down.或者..., burdens should be put down as many as possible in the evening.75. With the development / growth of the Internet , an enormous amount of information is at hand./ at our fingertips / available so that you may think there is no need to go to the library .杨浦卷1. 新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。
（ban）2. 出乎我的意料，年轻人对中国古诗词显示出了极大的热情。
（passion）3. 共享单车不仅解决了最后一里路的问题，而且还有助于改善空气质量。
（Not only）4. 一考定终身的日子已经一去不复返了，但不可否认的是考试越多，学生压力越大。
2017届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--六选四--老师版（带答案已校对）
Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Tutorial System of Oxford UniversityIn the University of Oxford, teaching is conducted primarily through the tutorial system. It is one of the most unique and well-known methods of teaching across the world.The weekly tutorial consists of a one-hour meeting between the tutor and small numbers of students (usually two to four). During this time, an essay prepared specifically for that tutorial is read by students and commented upon by the tutor. At the end of the tutorial, the tutor will assign the topic of study for the coming week and suggest readings. 67Meanwhile, they are also complemented by departmental lectures which are conducted on a university wide basis, lab work, and seminars (研讨会) often with groups of perhaps 10 students.Tutorials have gained their reputation because of the close relationship they maintain between the tutor and the student. The tutorial system provides undergraduates with direct and in most cases weekly contact with tutors in their academic fields.68.Before the weekly tutorial, students are required to prepare an essay or other works, which they read or present to the tutor. During each tutorial, students are expected to communicate, debate, analyze and critique the ideas of others as well as their own in conversations with the professor and fellow-students. The tutorial system has great value that it creates learning andassessment opportunities which are highly authentic(可靠的) and difficult to fake, as the student’s work is discus sed on the spot.69The contrast between tutorials and large lectures common in the American universities is obvious. In the typical American university, students are taught by the same specialists, in the same manner, and held to the same standards.However, during tutorials, students have the opportunity to explore their own ideas directly with experts in particular subjects. 70As a result, students must engage in extensive independent reading and research, using the resources available, under the guidance of the tutor.Keys: 67-70 BFACSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a tricky speech ahead of time, you’ll have felt the social restriction against communicating with yourself in words. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.67 Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thought. Far from being a sign of foolishness, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, regulate our emotions and even create a narrative of our experience.Take a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with her toys. You are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and giving voic e to her frustrations. __68 We do a lot of it when we are young – perhaps one reason for our shyness about continuing with it as adults.As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to regulate our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. __69__.Psychological experiments have shown that the distancing effect of our words can give us a valuable perspective on our actions. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we address ourselves in the second person: as ―you‖ rather than ―I‖.We internalize the private speech we use as children –but we never entirely put away the out-loud version. 70 You’re sure to see an athlete or two getting themselves ready for a sharp phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot.Both kinds of self-talk seem to bring a range of benefits to our thinking. Those words to the self, spoken silently or aloud, are so much more than lazy talk.Keys:67-70 AFCBSectionCDirections:Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for each Blank. There are two extra statements, which you do not need.Charity—Humanity’s most kind and generous desire—is a timeless and borderless virtue, dating at least to the dawn of religious teaching. Philanthropy（慈善行为）as we understand it today, however, is a distinctly American phenomenon, inseparable from the nation that shaped it. From colonial leaders to modern billionaires like Buffett, Gates and Zuckerberg, the tradition of giving is woven into the national DNA.___67_____ Benjamin Franklin, an icon of individual industry and frugality（节俭）even in his own day, understood that with the privilege of doing well came the price of doing good. When he died in 1790, Franklin thought to future generations, leaving in trust two gifts of 1,000 Ib. of sterling silver—one to the city of Boston, the other to Philadelphia. According to his instruction, a portion of the money could not be used for 200 years.While Franklin’s gifts lay in wait, the tradition he established evolved alongside the young nation.___68_____ Often far less famed men and women have played a critical role in philanthropy’s evolution. One of my personal heroes is Julius Rosenwald, who helped construct more than 5,300 schools across the segregated（种族隔离）South and opened classroom doors to a generation of African-American students.____69____ The answer is not just to benefit others. Tax reduction, for one, encourages the rich people to give. And philanthropy has long helped improve the public image of everyone from immoral capitalists to the new tech elite. More troubling, however, are the foundational problems that make philanthropy so necessary. Just before his death, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote, ―Philanthropy is praise-worthy, but it must not cause the philanthropist to overlook the cir cumstances of economic injustice which make philanthropy necessary.‖Franklin’s gifts represent a broader principle. We are guardians of a public trust, even if our capital came from private enterprise, and our most important obligation is ensuring that the system works more equally and more justly for more people. ___70_____ America’s greatest strength isnot the fact of perfection, but rather the act of perfecting.Keys:67-70 FEABSection CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Exoplanets：The Hunt Is OnToday scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars. For centuries, scientists and natural philosophers have proposed that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to our own solar system. The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed. ___67___ Although not the first exoplanet discovery, a planet near a sun-like star was discovered by astronomers in 1995. This kicked off an era of exoplanet hunting, with thousands of discoveries and confirmations following in its wake.___68___ However, in 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first E arth-sized planet in a ―habitable‖zone. This is the distance form a star where surface temperatures of a planet wouldn’t be too hot or too cold for liquid water. So far, only a small slice of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been explored. Even so, scientists have confirmed over 3,500 exoplanets, with more being added every day.To detect exoplanets, scientists use data from a variety of sources. Large ground-based telescopes, earth-circling and sun-circling satellites all collect different types of information. Because exoplanets are so far away and very close to stars, it is very difficult to see them directly. ___69___ For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit（凌日）method of discovery. NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets this way.As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake. ___70___ Measuring these slight changes is the radial velocity（径向速度）method of discovering planets. It is one of the most productive methods for finding and confirming exoplanets.These are just two examples of the many methods scientists use in their hunt for exoplanets, hoping for more information and enhanced detail. As time progresses and technology improves, who knows what else we may find!Keys:67-70EBACSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.My wife and I recently welcomed a child into the world. His only interest right now iskeeping us awake 24/7. But one day, he’ll n eed to learn something about finance. When he does, here are some suggestions.1. You might think you want an expensive car, a fancy watch, and a huge house. But you don’t.______67______ You think having expensive stuff will bring it. It almost never does—especially from the people you want to respect and admire you.2. The road to financial regret is paved with debt. Some debt, such as a mortgage, is OK. But most spending that results in debt is the equivalent of a drug: a quick hit of pleasure that wears off, only to drag you down for years to come, limiting your options and keeping you weighed down by the baggage of your past.3. I hope you’re poor at some point. Not struggling, and not unhappy, of course. But there’s no way to learn the value of money without feeling the power of its scarcity. It teaches you the difference between necessary and desirable. _____68_____ These are essential survival skills.4. If you’re like most people, you’ll spend most of your adult life thinking, ―Once I’ve saved/earned $X, everything will be great.‖ Then you’ll hit $X, move the goalposts, and resume chasing your tail. It’s a miserable cycle. Your goals should be about more than money.5. Don’t stay in a job you hate because you made a career choice at 18. Almost no one knows what he or she wants to do at that age. Many people don’t know what they want until they’re twice that age. (These are the signs you’re in the wrong career.)6. The best thing money buys is to control over your time. _____69_______ One day you’ll realize that this freedom is one of the things that makes you truly happy.7. Change your mind when you need to. I’ve noticed a tendency for people to think they’ve mastered investing when they’re young. They start investing at age 18 and t hink they have it all figured out by age 19. They never do.8. Some people are born into families that encourage education; others are from families that are against it. Some are born into flourishing economies; others, into war and poverty. I want you to be successful, and I want you to earn it. But realize that not all success is due to hard work and not all poverty is due to laziness. Keep this in mind when judging people, including yourself.9. Your savings rate has a little to do with how much you earn and a lot to do with how much you spend. I know a dentist who lives paycheck to paycheck, always on the edge of ruin. I know another person who never earned more than $50,000 and saved a fortune. The difference is entirely due to their spending. ______70_______.10. Don’t listen to me if you disagree with what I’ve written. The world you grow up in will have different values and opportunities than the one I did. More important, you’ll learn best when you disagree with someone and then are forced to learn it yourself. (On the other hand, always listen to your mother.)Keys:67-70FACDSection CDirections: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The worst time to look for a job is when you feel desperate and must have a new one immediately. 67 If you are not in need of an immediate career change, here are ways you can improve your long-term career prospects today:Identify at least two different roles. You do not have to be qualified for these positions today, nor do they have to exist in your company. However, these roles should be related to your current skill set. They are career options that look interesting. 68 Pay close attention to what appeals to you, and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets.Subscribe to a career specific magazine. Knowledge is power in the workplace. Allbusinesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue(收益). Reading about industry trends, advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the pack. You can follow their examples in your own workplace.69Do exceptional work. In any role, there is a way to perform at your best. Look for ways to deliver a top performance. Show up early, be flexible to new assignments, have a positive attitude, cooperate with other departments, pay attention to the little details.Be professionally curious. Talk to people about their careers. Learn more about how success is measured in other roles, departments and companies. Ask people their thoughts on different industries. 70 People hire people. You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search, so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go. Take the time to learn about others, and be helpful when you can.As in all things in life, getting in front of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. Changing jobs is to be expected. No matter how secure you feel today, the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change.Keys: 67-70 FDABSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.An 18-year-girl Kayla Perkins explains what is in her bedroom, ―I throw something on the floor and I know right where it is.‖ However, her parents, Steve and Deborah Perkins, of Mckinney, Texas, haven’t caught on. Even Kayla admits that, at the worst, her room is a mess.Most families at some point have at least one child whose room looks like a landfill.67Dirty clothes pile up; dirty dishes get lost in the mess and smell bad; homework is lost; and valuable things are ruined.Some parents let it go, believing that a bedroom is private space for children to manage as they wish. Others lecture their children, offer rewards for cleaning, or punish them when they don’t. ___ 68____Mrs. Perkins says they picked up all the clothes on Kayla’s floor and hid them. They cleaned everything up. When Kayla came back to a bare bedroom, there was screaming and shouting, ―How can I live without my clothes?‖ Mrs. Perkins asked Kayla to earn her clothes back by doing housework. These days, she keeps her room clean.69 For example, since Jessica, the 14-year-old daughter wasn’t bothered by the dirty clothes all over her floor, the whole family started using her room as a place to store dirty clothes. Her attitude changed after her family did that. By the time she gave in and cleaned up her room a few days later, even she was laughing.70 Children often behave better if you treat them in the way you would want to be treated by your boss at work—with respect and high expectations.Keys: 67-70 BFDESection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The explosion of new media, ranging from the internet to digital television, means that people working in advertising will have to come up with more ways to catch the public’s attention in the future.______67______ No longer will all members be watching the same programme: some will be watching different channels on their own TVs, surfing the net or doing both at the same time. The advertising industry will have to work ―harder and smarter‖ to cut through the ―mess‖ of the future with a wide range of new media, all competing to catch the consumers’ eyes.People have become more individual in their consumption of advertising. New technology has made experimenting with new forms of advertising possible. The monologue where the advertisement tells housewives that this is the washing powder they should buy is just a cliché (陈词滥调) now. ______68______ There is, consequently, little hope of them surviving for more than another twenty years. A much closer relationship with the consumer is gradually being created.The definition of what constitutes advertising will expand well beyond the conventional mass media. Shopping environments will themselves become a part of the advertising process. Increasingly, they will exist not simply to sell goods, but also to entertain people and to make sure that they enjoy their time there. The aim will be to ―warm‖ people towards these places so that they will return to purchase goods there again.In spite of these and other changes, it is highly unlikely that TV, print and radio will disappear altogether as advertising media. ______69______ But other marketing strategies, such as public relations and direct marketing, will become as important as advertising. Advertising agencies will have to reinvent themselves. They will no longer be able simply to produce advertisements and then support these through PR, direct marketing or the internet. Instead, they will have to change the whole way they look at communication and start thinking about ideaswhich are not specific to one discipline.______70______ Originality of thinking has always been in short supply. It will continue to be so in the future. But there will be increasing coston the advertiser’s ability to be imaginative and to think laterally about engaging the consumer in a broader variety of media.Keys: 67-70FCEASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A School That Can Educate Us AllChristos Porios, 16, lives in a small Greek city. ―My mother’s a teacher and my father’s a mechanic,‖ he explains, adding that neither is knowledgeable about computers —especially compared with him. 67.Porios was taking a free class in machine learning offered by Andrew Ng, a professor at Stanford University, over an online platform Ng developed with his colleagues. Drawing on what he learned, Porios was able to participate in the International Space Apps Challenge, a virtual hackathon (编程马拉松) using data from NASA and other government agencies.If one teenager in one small city can become a genius hacker through an online course, does it mean the world has changed? We have been hearing about the potential of online education fordecades.68. A number of online education platforms have appeared, featuring professors from top universities offering free courses.69. Ng was amazed. ―It would take me 250 years to teach this many people at Stanford,‖ he says. And so, just one month into the course, Ng and his Stanford colleague, Daphne Koller, decided to leave their faculty posts (教职) and dive into online teaching full-time. In April, they launched their company, Coursera, with a $16 million round of venture funding. So far, it has managed to team up with 35 colleges in nine countries.To Ng and Koller, Coursera’s mission is simple and yet grand. That is to teach millions of people around the world for free, while also transforming higher education.According to Ng, the world’s top 20 universities en roll only about 200,000 students. There are million more who could participate in classwork at the higher level, but most of them are far from any of the leading universities. 70 .Koller says Coursera’s total registration has hit 15 million. Porios, the young Greek, is only one of those registrants. His hope is to study in Germany or England someday. He is even toying with the idea of taking classes at MIT or Stanford — but this time in person.Keys:67-70 CAFESection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.―Any apple today ?‖, Effie asked cheerfully at my window ,. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo . On credit , of course . Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just then .67 .All pretense （借口）of payment was drooped when our funds , food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often , always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood . There were other generosities.____68______Effie was not a rich woman . Her income , derived from investment she had made while running an interior decorating shop , had never exceeded $200 a month , which she supplemented by selling her apples .But she always managed to help someone poorer .Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time . She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year .‖ Here , darling , ― I said , ― is what I owe you ,‖ _____69_______‖ Give it back as I gave it to you -----a little at a time.‖ ― I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie , for she died a few weeks later . By now , the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times . But a curious thing began to happen .____70_______At that time , it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled . So the account can never be marked closed , for Effie’s love will go on in hearts that have never known her .Keys:67-70 EAFCSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Self-talk helps us allTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful . If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech , you’ll know the social problems it can cause._____67____.But there’s no need for embarrassment . Talking to ourselves , whether ou t loud or silently in our heads, is valuable . Far from being a sign of insanity , self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.For example , take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very likely to hear her talking to herself : offering herself directions and talking about her problems. _____68_______We do a lot of it when we are young.As children ,according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older , we keep this system inside.Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking . Our words give us an interesting view of our actions . One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person : as ―you‖ rather than―I‖._________69______If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself .Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just likea regular dialogue , and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.Both kinds of self-talk -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking .______70_______.Keys: 67-70EBDCSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.To Please Your Friends, Tell Them What They Already Knew The research emeraged out of some real-life observations shared by Gilbert and co-authors Gus Cooney and Timothy D. Wilson：―Conversation is the most common of all human social activities, and doing it well requires that we know what our conversation partners most want to hear.___67___‖says psychological scientist Daniel T, Gilbert of Harvard University.―When our friends try to tell us about movies we’ve never seen or albums we’ve never heard, we usually find ourselves bored, confus ed, and underwhelmed. ___68___. And yet, as soon as it’sour turn to speak, we do exactly the same thing to our friends –with exactly the same consequences. We wanted to understand why this happens.‖Gilbert explains. The researchers decided to do this by conducting a series of experiments.In their first experiment, the researchers assigned participants to groups of three, with one person acting as the speaker and the other two acting as listeners. Speakers watched a video and then tried do describe it to the listeners. Some of the listeners had seen the video the speaker was describing, and others had not.___69___. When the speakers were done speaking, the listeners rated them on these aspects. The results showed that speakers’ predictions were exactly b ackwards. Speakers expected listeners to respond more positively to their stories when the listeners had not seen the video they were describing ___70___. Although speakers expected listeners to enjoy hearing about a novel experience more than a familiar one, it was actually the other way around.A second study showed that when asked to predict their own reactions before hearing the story, listeners made the same mistake that speakers did.Keys: 67--70 DEAF。
2017届上海市普陀区高三下学期质量调研(二模)考试英语试题及答案
2017学年第二学期普陀区高三英语质量调研试卷（考试时间 120分钟满分 150分）第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard.1. A. At the office. B. Home in bed.C. On his way to work.D. Away on vacation.2. A. His wife. B. A travel agent staff. C. A waiter. D. A hotel clerk.3. A. 11:20. B. 10:30. C.10:50. D. 11:30.4. A. She can’t finish her assignment, either.B. She can’t afford a computer right now.C. The man can use her computer.D. The man should buy a computer right away.5. A. The famous professor has given several lectures.B. The guest lecturer’s opinion is different from Dr. Johnson’s.C. Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates.D. Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college.6. A. The woman does her own housework.B. The woman needs a housekeeper.C. The woman's house is in a mess.D. The woman works as a housekeeper.7. A. The woman didn't expect it to be so warm at noon.B. The woman is sensitive to weather changes.C. The weather forecast was unreliable.D. The weather turned cold all of a sudden.8. A. She wants to take the most direct way.B. She may be late for the football game.C. She is worried about missing her flight.D. She is currently caught in a traffic jam.9. A. The man regrets being absent-minded.B. The woman saved the man some trouble.C. The man placed the reading list on a desk.D. The woman emptied the waste paper basket.10. A. Take the test again in 8 weeks.B. Call to check his scores.C. Be patient and wait.D. Inquire when the test scores are released.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In about 20 years. B. Within a week.C. In a couple of weeks.D. As soon as possible.12. A. Yes, of course. B. Possibly not.C. Not mentioned.D. Definitely not.13. A. Her complaint was ignored. B. The store sent her the correct order.C. The store apologized for their mistake.D. The store picked up the wrong items.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To withdraw his deposit. B. To cash a check.C. To rob the bank.D. To get his prize.15. A. They let him do what he wanted to.B. They helped him find large bills.C. They pressed the alarm.D. They called the police.16. A. He was afraid that he would be caught on the spot.B. Large bills were not within his reach.C. The maximum sum allowed was 55,000.D. He was limited by time and the size of his pockets. Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Madonna：Singer/actress, born Michigan, USA, 1959Originally a dancer, she had her first popular record ‘Holiday’ in 1983. In 1985 she began her film career and also married actor Sean Penn, but (25)____ marriage lasted less than four years. Her ‘Blond Ambition Tour’ in 1990 with special clothes(26)____(design) by Jean Paul Gaultier caused much conflict. Her career took a more respectable direction, however, with the birth of her first child, Lourdes, in 1997, and her performance in the title role of Evita.Pelé：footballer, born Edson Arantes do Nascimento, Tres Coracoes, Brazil, 1940(27)____(consider) by many to be the greatest footballer of all time, he became a world star at the age of only seventeen, when Brazil first won the World Cup in Sweden. Perhaps his (28)____(great) success in his life was to win the third World Cup in Mexico in 1970. He played in four World Cup competitions, and scored over 1,200 goals in his career before finally (29)____(retire) in 1977. He (30)____(appoint) Brazilian Special Minister for Sport in 1994.Steffi Graf：tennis player, born Neckerau, Germany, 1969(31)____ Graf turned professional at the age of thirteen, she won her first major tournament in 1986 and became the world’s number one a year later. In 1988 she became the first woman since 1970 to win ‘The Grand Slam’(Wimbledon, the US, Australian and French Open tournaments). She (32)____(win) over 100 titles in her career and earned up to $20 million.(B)One in three American children now live with only one parent. (33)____ ____ the traditional family of Japan is strong, divorce still went up quickly between 1980 and 1995.(34)____ is more important is that the nature of the familyis changing. In Sweden and Denmark, around half of all babies are now born to unmarried parents, and in the United Kingdom and France more than a third.Families are getting smaller. The average Turkish family had seven members in 1970; today it has only five. And in Spain and Italy, (35)____ families were always traditionally large, the birthrate was the lowest in the developed world in 1995. This fall in the birthrate is due to the fact that, as more women have careers, they are waiting longer and longer (36)____(start) a family. The age (37)____ ____ the average woman has her first baby is now 28 in Western Europe, and it is getting later.So the nuclear family is clearly changing, but is it in danger of (38)____(disappear) completely?The truth is (39)____ it is still too early to tell. In some countries these patterns are actually reversing. In the United States, Scandinavia and the United Kingdom, the birthrate is rising once more; and in Denmark, for example, marriage is becoming more popular again. In the United States, the divorce rate in fact fell (40)____ 10 per cent between 1980 and 1990, and it is continuing to fall.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. achievedB. authorityC. availableD. codeE. dominatedF. educationalG. opinionsH. mattersI. relatedJ. representativesK. symbolizationIt is important that students’ feelings, opinions and suggestions are listened to, taken into account, and that the right action is taken. There are a number of ways that this can be __41__, i.e. school councils, year councils and peer mentoring.School councilsMost schools have a school council which exists to let the teachers and head teacher know what students’ __42__ are on a range of school issues. The school council usually consists of two or three elected __43__ from each year group.A school council might meet once or twice a month to discuss issues such as the dress __44__, the use of social areas, charity fundraising and bullying.Year councilsBecause school councils are sometimes __45__ by olderstudents, some schools have introduced year councils. The aim of a year council is to give students the opportunity to express opinions on __46__ of importance to that particular year group. The following is an example of the rules relating to a school’s council for year 8 (pupils aged 12-13).The head of year will attend all council meetings as an observer and both they and the other year staff will be __47__ as required to offer support and advice to council members and to assist in the settlement of arguments.Peer mentoringThere are other ways in which students’ voices can be heard. One of the most popular schemes involves peer mentoring. Those who express an interest receive training to become mentors(导师) so that they are better equipped to help others. This starts from primary school age, when the mentors may get involved in issues __48__ to conflict resolution. At secondary school and at university, mentors are likely to deal with a larger variety of issues, such as __49__ and health-related matters.The belief in schemes like these is that being heard by your peers can be more effective and helpful as fellow students may have more time and understanding than teachers or others in __50__.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many people complain that their memory is bad, particularly as they get older. Life would be so much easier if we could remember things __51__. So how can we improve our memory?Many people think that repeating things is the best way to remember. While this undoubtedly helps short-term memory (remembering a telephone number for a few seconds, __52__), psychologists doubt whether it can help you to remember things for long. The British psychologist E.C. Stanford seemed to __53__ this point when he tested himself on five prayers that he had read aloud every morning for over 25 years. He found that he could remember no more than three words of them! __54__, especially for remembering numbers, is ‘chunking’ (分块), or grouping the information. The following numbers would be __55__ for most of us to remember. 1492178919931848. But look at them in ‘chunks’, and it becomes much easier. 1492 1789 1993 1848.So what about ‘memory training’? We’ve all __56__ people who can memorise packs of card by heart --- how is this done and can anyone learn how to do it? __57__ experts, there are various ways of training your memory. Many of them __58__ forming a mental picture of the items to be memorised. Onemethod, which may be useful in learning foreign languages, is to create a picture in your mind __59__ a word you want to remember. Another method is to invent a story that includes all the things you want to remember. People were asked to remember up to 120 words using this technique; when tested afterwards, on average, they were able to __60__ 90 per cent of them! Surprisingly, however, there is nothing __61__ about these methods --- they were around even in ancient times. Apparently the Roman general Publius Scipio could __62__ his entire army --- 35,000 men in total!__63__, not all of us are interested in learning long lists of names and numbers just for fun. For those studying large quantities of information, psychologists suggest that the best way to ‘form __64__ connections’ is to ask yourself lots of questions as you go along. So, for example, if you were reading about a particular disease, you would ask yourself questions like: ‘Do people get it from water?’, ‘What parts of the body does it affect?’ and so on. This is said to be far more effective than time spent ‘__65__’ reading and re-reading notes.51. A. effortlessly B. purposefully C. exactlyD. carelessly52. A. by contrast B. in that case C. in no wayD. for example53. A. raise B. prove C. discuss D. stress54. A. More helpful B. Much worse C. More difficultD. Much shorter55. A. convenient B. impossible C. meaningfulD. technical56. A. agreed with B. learned from C. heard aboutD. apologized for57. A. Due to B. In case of C. According toD. In spite of58. A. exclude B. mean C. suggest D. involve59. A. isolated from B. sensitive to C. responsible for D. associated with60. A. recall B. recite C. reviseD. restore61. A. effective B. awful C. valuable D. new62. A. train B. recognize C. lead D.command63. A. Furthermore B. However C. SummarilyD. Therefore64. A. unknown B. loose C. meaningful D. personal65. A. passively B. silently C. amusingly D. extensivelySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A night out in Tokyo is much the same as a night out in Milan these days, according to a survey about socialising, conducted amongst 16 to 34-year-olds around the world. Wherever you live, a typical night out is spent eating burgers, seeing American films or listening to English-language music in clubs and bars. Individual differences do survive but American culture is everywhere.Differences in the social behavior of the two sexes arealso disappearing. Most people surveyed felt that it was ‘perfectly normal’ for groups of young women to go out alone, that it was ‘equally acceptable’ for young women to smoke and drink, and that a couple should split the bill when they go out together. For most young people these were the biggest differences between their own generation and their parents’.Interestingly, however, most young people interviewed said that parents are still stricter with daughters than sons about where they go and who they go with. Overall, only 10 per cent thought that parents treat their sons and daughters equally, and almost no one thought parents were stricter with their sons!Important national differences appear, however, when it comes to time-keeping. In the Far East and Eastern Europe a night out starts --- and finishes --- much earlier: there seven o’clock was the average time for meeting up with friends. For many Southern European and South Americans, on the other hand, an evening out doesn’t even start until ten or eleven o’clock, by which time many of their South Korean or Japanese counterparts are safely home in bed!Parents’ rules reflect this. Most Japanese parents expect their teenagers home by ten o’clock or even earlier, whereasin Europe it is more likely to be eleven or twelve o’clock. The most surprising findings came from Argentina, however, where it is apparently quite normal for 15 and 16-year-olds to stay out all night. But then perhaps this is because their parents have less to worry about --- 80 percent of Argentine youngsters claimed that they rarely or never drink alcohol!66. Night out in Tokyo is similar to it in Milan because ________.A. English-language activities are highly welcomedB. they are experiencing the different globalized-cultureC. American culture is very popular all around the worldD. all the young people have the same habits and hobbies67. One of the biggest differences between young people and their parents lies in ______.A. the music style and stars they lovedB. their attitude towards paying money for dinnerC. the decreasing number of young women smokingD. the time they meet up with people and have evening out68. In the last paragraph, ‚this‛ refers to ______.A. evening outB. drinking alcoholC.time-keeping D. staying up late69. What is the passage mainly talking about?A. The same night-out life in all the modern cities.B. The similarities and differences in social behaviors.C. Comparing night life between the east and the west.D. Parents’different rules between their sons and daughters.(B)Your Write Source book is loaded withinformation to help you learn about writing.One section that will be especially helpfulis the ‚Proofreader’s Guide‛ at the backof the book. This section covers all of the rules for language and grammar.The book also includes four units covering the types of writing that you may have to complete on district or state writing tests. At the end of each unit, there are samples and tips for writing in science, social studies, and math.Write Source will help you with other learning skills, too: study-reading, test taking, note taking, and speaking. This makes the Write Source a valuable writing and learning guide in all of your classes.Your Write Source guide…With practice, you will be able to find information in the book quickly using the guides explained below.The TABLE OF CONTENTS (starting on the next page) lists the six major sections in the book and the chapters found in each section.The INDEX (starting on page 751) lists the topics covered in the book in alphabetical order. Use the index when you are interested in a specific topic.The COLOR CODING used for ‚Basic Grammar and Writing‛(blue), ‚A Writer’s Resource‛ (green), and the ‚Proofreader’s Guide‛ (yellow) make these important sections easy to find.The SPECIAL PAGE REFERENCES in the book tell you where to turn for additional information about a special topic.70. If you want to learn about ‚Tenses of verbs‛ in writing, you should refer to ______.A. Proofreader’s GuideB. Special page referencesC. Table of contentsD. Different Color Coding71. Besides writing skills, which of the following skills can be found in Write Source?A. Classifying contents.B. Taking notes.C. Making science experiments.D. Matching colors.72. The purpose of the passage is to _____.A. persuade readers to buy the boo kB. offer the book’s review to readersC. introduce the useful skills in writingD. helpreaders to use the book skillfully(C)It is well-known that twins are closer to each other than most brothers and sisters ---- after all, they probably spend more time with each other. Parents of twins often notice that they develop special ways of communicating: they invent their own words and one can often finish the other's sentence. In exceptional circumstances, this closeness becomes more extreme: they invent a whole language of their own, as in the case of Grace and Virginia Kennedy from Georgia in the USA, who communicated so successfully in their own special language that they did not speak any English at all until after they started school.However, these special relationships are the result of lives spent almost entirely in each other's company. What happens when twins do not grow up together, when they are separated at birth for some reason? Are they just like any other strangers, or are there still special similarities between them? Professor Tom Bouchard, of the University of Minnesota, set out to find the answer to this question. He traced sixteen pairs of twins, who were adopted by different families whenthey were babies, and often brought up in very different circumstances. Each twin was then interviewed about every small detail of their life.The results of this research make a surprising reading. Many of the twins were found to have the same hobbies, many have suffered the same illnesses, and some have even had the same type of accident at the same point in their lives. One pair of middle-aged women arrived for their first meeting in similar dresses, another pair were wearing similar jewellery. The most incredible similarities are to be found in the case of Jim Springer and Jim Lewis from Ohio in the USA. The story of the 'Jim Twins' made headline news across USA. Born to an immigrant woman in 1939, and adopted by different families at birth, both babies were named Jim by their new parents.But what can be the explanation for these remarkable similarities? Is it all pure coincidence, or is the explanation in some way genetic? Research into the lives of twins is forcing some experts to admit that our personalities may be at least partly due to 'nature'. On the other hand, analysts are also anxious to emphasise that incredible coincidences do happen all the time, not just in the lives of twins.73. The case of Grace and Virginia Kennedy (Para. 1) is to show that ______.A. twins communicate with each other in an unusual wayB. twins are more likely to suffer from speaking problemsC. most twins have exceptional abilities to invent a new languageD. twins won’t have an effective communication until they go to school74. The purpose of Tom Bouchard’s study is to find ______.A. what will happen if twins spend lives entirely in the same companyB. why the 16 pairs of twins have been adopted by different familiesC. whether separated growing up has effect on twins’special similaritiesD. when the special similarities come into being during their growing up75. What does the word ‚reading‛ in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. Book.B. Interpretation.C. Literature.D. Measurement.76. According to Tom Bouchard’s research, the special similarities between twins ______.A. depend on what the twins enjoy and suffer fromB. can not be proved or accepted by all the expertsC. result from the twins’ growing up and developmentD. are not closely linked with where the twins are raised77. What can be learned from the last paragraph?A. Incredible coincidences happen to twins all the time.B. Nature is the only way to explain the similarities between twins.C. The differences between twins are to some extent the results of genes.D. Similarities shows the close relationship between two strange persons.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.All of us exist in ‘bodies’ of different shapes, heights, colors and physical abilities. The main reasons for the differences are genetic, and the fact that people’s bodies change as they age. However, a huge range of research indicates that there are social factors too.Poorer people are more likely to eat ‘unhealthy’ foods, to smoke cigarettes and to be employed in physically difficult work or the opposite: boring, inactive employment. Moreover, their housing conditions and neighbourhoods tend to be worse. All of these factors impact upon the condition of a person’s health: the physical shapes of bodies are strongly influenced by social factors.These social factors are also closely linked to emotional wellbeing. People with low or no incomes are more likely to have mental health problems. It is not clear, however, whether poverty causes mental illness, or whether it is the other way around. For example, certain people with mental health issues may be at risk of becoming homeless, just as a person who ishomeless may have an increased risk of illnesses such as depression.There are other types of social factors too. Bodies are young or old, short or tall, big or small, weak or strong. Whether these judgments matter and whether they are positive or negative depends on the cultural and historical context. In fact, the culture of different societies promote very different valuations of body shapes. What is considered as attractive or ugly, normal or abnormal varies enormously. Currently, for example, in rich societies the idea of slimness is highly valued, but historically this was different. In most societies the ideal body shape for a woman was a ‘full figure’, while in middle-aged man, a large stomach indicated that they were financially successful in life.Sociologists are suggesting that we should not just view bodies and minds in biological terms, but also in social terms. The physical body and what we seek to do with it change over time and society. This has important implications for medicine and ideas of health. Thus, the idea of people being ‘overweight’is physically related to large amounts of processed food, together with lack of exercise, and is therefore a medical issue. However, it has also become a mentalhealth issue and social problem as a result of people coming to define this particular body shape as ‘wrong’ and unhealthy. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NOMORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. Besides social factors, what are the other two reasons for differences in bodies?79. The social factors are likely to have a great effect on people’s ______ and ______.80. Valuations of body shapes change with ______.81. The ‚This‛ in the last paragraph refers to ______.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.考官将会问你几个关于科技发展的问题。
2017上海市奉贤区高三二模英语试题及答案
2017上海市奉贤区高三二模英语试题及答案2016学年第二学期奉贤区调研测试高三英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 10:00. B. At10:10.C. At10:20.D. At10:30.2. A. On a boat trip. B. In acinema.C. At thebeach.D. At therestaurant.3. A. Plan her budget carefully. B. Buy a gift for her mother.C. Give him more information.D. Ask someone else for suggestions.4. A. Doctor and patient. B. Customer and salesgirl.C. Man and wife.D. Customer andwaitress.5. A. Stressed. B.DissatisfiedC. BoredD.Exhausted6.A. Fine her for breaking the traffic regulation. B. Teach her how to drive in the one-way street.C. Show her the way to the police station.D. Let her go without any punishment.7. A. The kids went to see a movie. B. The kids were happy.C. The children changed the plan.D. The woman broke her promise.8. A. She didn’t feel well. B. She went dancing early.C. She came down to go dancing.D. She got mad at the woman.9. A. Loud.B. boring.C. Funny.D. Exciting.10. A. He is not surprised at the woman’s playing at a concert tomorrow.B. He won’t give the woman a surprise at the concert tomorrow.C. He understands the woman’s nervous feeling and thinks it normal.D. He will also play at the concert tomorrow with the woman.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. There are too many people and carsaround you.B. The taxi driver talks to you all the time.C. Singers or sports announcers tell you what you should be careful about in person.D. The voice of a famous person gives you warning messages.12. A. More than 12,000. B. Over 15,000.C. About 11,000.D. Less than 10,000.13. A. The passengers won’t fasten the seat belt.B. The passengers will complain.C. The driver will be punished financially.D. The driver will be awarded $100.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Pink. B. Green. C. Purple. D. White.15. A. Recycling is compulsory.B. Most recycling programs don’t succeed in that people don’t want to deliver rubbish.C. The primary work of the volunteers is to collect and sort rubbish to the same center.D. The volunteers will devote six hours a week to dealing with rubbish.16. A. To explain why recycling is important.B. To describe the recycling program.C. To discuss whether or not recycling should be compulsory.D. To tell people how to tell different sorts of rubbish cans apart.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A pilot. B. A nurse. C. Anairhostess.D. Alanguageteacher.18. A. She is fluent in English. B. She likes dealing with people.C. Flying in the sky is her dream.D. She is keen on travelling.19. A. Friendly but timid. B. Beautiful and easy-going.C. Open-minded and flexible.D. Imaginative and warm-hearted.20. A. The woman is nearsighted.B. The result of the interview was announced right after it was finished.C. The woman sometimes hesitates to express her dislike for others’ behaviours.D. One’s height is not required for the job.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Loving Life in MoosoneeBorn in Moose Factory Island, located about 12 miles inland from the James Bay coastline in northern Ontario, I spent my early childhood years in nearby Moose River Crossing. Our family returned to Moose Factory later, so my siblings（兄弟姐妹）and I could continue our education, （21）______ the local school hadbeen closed down.Moose River Crossing is situated along the only railroad track in Canada that reaches all the way up to the northern community of Moosonee, Ont., which later（22）______ (become) — and still is — my true hometown.（23）______ my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, (24)_________ fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from. Over the years, I began to learn more（25）______ my Native culture, the history and our way of life. Then, in 2009, I met a man who later became my husband.（26）______(be) an ambassador of the land and a hunter, my husband taught me how to hunt, fish, set nets, snare rabbits, make a fire in the rain, read the weather and drive a boat. Even after having lived in Moosonee for 26 years, I had never experienced and learned so much on the land and the mighty Moose River,（27）______ the sunsets are breathtakingly beautiful, as I did in th e relatively short time I’ve known my husband.I am so thankful and proud（28）_____(give) the opportunity to lead this kind of lifestyle, which someday will be passed on to my grandchildren.Today, I continue to trace my roots and try to live my life according to them. I have also been back to Moose River Crossing after being away for many years. My older sister and only brother, both hunters, along with a few nephews and nieces, continue to carry on the traditions of our ancestors in Moose River Crossing.Every year, our family gathers for a spring hunt, mainly geese and ducks. In summertime, we go fishing and, in the fall, we head outhunting. In addition to (29)_______(add) to our foods for the year, these excursions are (30)________ our family stories and recollections are shared the most. And there are plenty of stories to go around, all of which are close to my heart and a big part of who I am today. Section B Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Making a Mistake Can Put Your Brain on ‘Pause’ Mistakes can be learning opportunities, but the brain needs time for lessons to sink in. When facing fast decisions, even the 31 distraction of noting an error can decrease accuracy on the next choice, researchers report in the March 15 Journal of Neuroscience . “We have a brain region that monitors and says ‘you messed up’ so that we can correct our behavior,” says psychologist George Buzzell, now at the University of Maryland in College Park. But sometimes, that monitoring system can backfire, 32 us from the task at hand and causing us to make another error. “There does seem to be a little bit of time for people, after mistakes, where you’re sort of 33 ,” says Jason Moser, a psychologist at Michigan State University, who wasn’t part of the study.A. offlineB. flashedC. momentaryD. processingE. responseF. correctlyG. droppedH. visualI. limitsJ. distractingK. immediatelyTo test people’s 34 to making mistakes, Buzzell and colleagues at George Mason University in Fairfax, Va., monitored 23 participants’ brain activity while they worked through a challenging task. Concentric（同心的）circles 35 briefly on a screen, and participants had to respond with one hand if the two circles were the same color and the other hand if the circles were slightly different shades.After making a mistake, participants generally answered the next question correctly if they had a second or so to recover. But when the next challenge came very quickly after an error, as little as 0.2 seconds, accuracy 36 by about 10 percent. Electrical activity recorded from the 37 cortex（大脑皮层）showed that participants paid less attention to the next experiment if they had just made a mistake than if they had responded 38 .The cognitive demand of noting and 39 the error seems to divert attention that would otherwise be devoted to the task, Buzzell says.In real life, people usually have time —even if just a few seconds —to reflect on a mistake before having to make another decision. But in some activities such as driving a car or playing a musical instrument, people must rebound from errors quickly while continuing to correctly carry out the rest of the task. Those actions might push the 40 of error processing.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Robots’ Intell igenceAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly complicated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be 41 , according to computer science professor Stuart Russell if we figure out how to turn human 42 into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language. 43 , if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the44 children. “You would want that robot 45 with a good set of values,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a46 distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a 47 brought-up person would do.It will be possible to48 more complicated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules. Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are 49 .The biggest 50 with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will 51 some kind of taboo(禁忌). One simple check would be toprogram a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with a(n) 52 situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps, and ask for 53 from a human. If we humans aren’t qui te sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in 54 , and how to create a set of ethical（伦理的）rules. But if we 55 an answer, robots could be good for humanity.41. A. avoided B. revised C.increasedD. rejected42. A. personaliti es B.behaviorsC.intentionsD. values43. A. Instead B. ForexampleC. After allD. As aresult44. A. special B.demandingC. brightD. starving45. A. preloaded B.downloadedC.uploadedD.upgraded46. A. comfortabl e B. private C.sufficientD.noticeable47. A. literarily B.independentlyC.properlyD.naturally48. A. manufactu re B. install C.introduceD. create49. A. careless B.senselessC.powerlessD.thoughtless 50. A. doubt B. threat C. concern D. prospect 51. A. subject B. prohibit C. observe D. break 52. A. similar B. familiar C. unusual D. ideal 53. A. permission B. guidance C. feedback D. comment 54. A. principle B. moral C. standard D. technology 55. A. look into B. pick out C. turn to D. come up with Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A ） Like many other people, I love my smart phone, which keeps me connected with the larger world that can go anywhere with me. I also love my laptop ，because it holds all of my writing and thoughts. In spite of this love of technology, I know that there are times when I need to move away from these devices and truly communicate with others. On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the materials and exchange their ideas with eachother in the classroom, I have a rule —no laptop, iPads, phones, etc. When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy.Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology. There’s a bit of truth to that. Some students assume that I am anti-technology. There’s no truth in that at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it, so I can relate to my students.The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and make connections between the course materials and the class discussion.I’ve been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create. Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course materials beyond the classroom.I’m not saying that I won’t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the change, I’m sticking to my plan. A few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up.56. Some of the students in the history class wereunhappy with____________. A. the course materials B. the author’s class regulations C. discussion topics D. others’ misuse of technology 57. Which of the following statements is true? A. The author made the rule in that he was against technology. B. The author made the rule mainly because of his unpleasant experiences. C. The author’s history class received low assessment. D. The students think highly of the author’s history class. 58. According to the author, the use of technology in the classroom may ___________. A. allow students to get on well with each other B. improve teaching and offer more help C. help students to better understand complex themes D. prohibit students being involved in class 59. What can we infer from the passage? A. The author will carry on the success in the future. B. Some students will be punished according to the rule. C. More and more students will be absent in history class. D. The author will help students concentrate on what they learn. （B ） Where to Drink Cafe San BernardoJoin table-tennis and pool-playing port. Cafe San Bernardo has been running since 1912.The Villa Crespo dive bar also offers up table football for￡4 an hour. Service is efficient; with last orders at 5 am. The daily happy hour between 6 pm and 9 pm includes 60 minutes playing your game of choice, plus a half-bottle of red wine and a corn pie, for￡9.●Avenue Corrientes 5436, Villa Crespo, 5411 4855 3956, cafesanbernardo. comM Salumeria & EnotecaTrading only in wine with a story, sommelier (侍酒师）Mariana Torta chooses new ways on a daily basis, and keeps a list of around 250 labels. There's no wine menu—simply take your bottle from the shelf.●Open 11:00am-11:30pm, El Salvador 5777, Palermo Hollywood, 5411 4778 9016, on FacebookNegro Cueva de CafeCoffee has found its place in Buenos Aires. While LAB: Tostadores, The Shelter and Coffee Town are famous new places, Negro Cueva de Cafe is one of the best downtown. It serves Ecuadorian, Colombian and Brazilian beans and its attracting cakes include croissant.●Open 9:30 am—7:00 pm, Suipacha 637, Microcentro, 5411 4322 3000, negrocuevade-cafe. comLa CalleHead to the Niceto Vega address and you'II be face d with a pizza. Don't worry, it’s the right place. La Gui tarrita is the front to “hidden” bar La Calle. Order the house cocktail, special candy, and prepare to sing until dawn with ahigh-energy young crowd.●Open 8:00 pm—2:00 am, Niceto Vega 4942, Palermo Soho, 5411 3914 1972, on Facebook60. Which number should you call if you are an addict of Columbian coffee flavour?A. 5411 4855 3956.B. 5411 4778 9016.C. 5411 4322 3000.D. 5411 3914 1972.61. What makes La Calle different?A. Its allowing you to play games.B. Its having no wine menu.C. Its opening for the longest time.D. Its having special candy.62. The author's purpose in writing the passage is .A. to show wine cultureB. to introduce some wine barsC. to help people choose drinksD. to show how to enjoy yourself（C）There is plenty of complaints about how social media-texting in particula r—may be harming children’s social and intellectual development. But a new study suggests that constant instant messaging (IM’ing) and texting among teens may also provide benefits, particularly for those who are introverted (内向的).British researchers studied instant messages exchanged by 231 teens, aged 14 to 18. All of the participants were “regular”or “extensive”IM’ers. In the U. S., two thirds of teens use instant messaging services regularly,with a full third messaging at least once every day.The researchers analyzed 150 conversations in the study, and reported the results in the journal Computers in Human Behavior. In 100 of these chats, the study participant began IM'ing while in a negative emotional state such as sadness, distress or anger. The rest were conversations begun when the participant was feeling good or neutral. After the chat, participants reported about a 20% reduction in their distress—not enough to completely eliminate it, but enough to leave them feeling better than they had before reaching out.“Our findings suggest that IM'ing between distressed adolescents and their peers may provide emotional relief and consequently contribute to their well-being,”the authors write, noting that prior research has shown that people assigned to talk to a stranger either in real life or online improved their mood in both settings, but even more with IM. And people who talk with their real-life friends online also report feeling closer to them than those who just communicate face-to-face, implying a strengthening of their bond.Why would digital communication do better than human contact? The reasons are complex, but may have something to do with the fact that users can control expression of sadness and other emotions via IM without revealing emotional elements like tears that some may consider as embarrassing or sources of discomfort. Studies also show that the anonymity (匿名) of writing on a device blankets the users in a sense of safety that may cause people to feel more comfortable in sharing and discussing their deepest and most authentic feelings. Priorresearch has shown that expressive writing itself can “vent”emotions and provide a sense of relief—and doing so, knowing that your words are reaching a sympathetic friend, may provide even more comfort and potentially be therapeutic. Researchers also found that introverted participants reported more relief from IM conversations when they were distressed than extroverts did. Susan Cain, author of Quiet wrote recently for TIME: Introverts are often brimming over with thoughts and care deeply for their friends, family and colleagues. But even the most socially skilled introverts sometimes long for a free pass from socializing or talking on the phone. This is what the Internet offers: the chance to connect —but in measured doses and from behind a screen.63. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Teens are more likely to send instant messages when feeling distressed.B. Instant messaging can help completely remove teens’ negative emotions.C. Chat via instant messaging services makes participants feel good or calm.D. Constant instant messaging can help teens control their negative emotions.64. The underlined word “vent” in paragraph 5 most probably means_________.A. controlB. maintainC. releaseD. conceal65. What does the digital communication enable users to do?A. Find more sympathetic friends.B. Share and discuss more information.C. Produce more expressive writings.D. Avoid embarrassment and discomfort.66. What can be concluded from the new study by British researchers?A. Instant messaging will prevent children’s social and intellectual development.B. Introverted teens may benefit from constant instant messaging.C. Teens feeling bad often feel closer to real-life friends than to the net friends.D. American teens aged 14 to 18 are extensive instant messaging users.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.T here are many ways for parents to dealwith the problems.B.The mess can disturb the whole household.C.P arents are all angry at it.D.H umor can help, too.E.Parenting experts also recommend thatparents first ask children in a nice way to clean up and agree on a reasonable time limit.F.W hat doesn’t work, parenting experts say, isconstant lectures, verbal threats or getting very angry.An 18-year-girl Kayla Perkins explains what is in her bedroom, “I throw something on the floor and I know right where it is.” However,her parents, Steve and Deborah Perkins, of Mckinney, Texas, ha ven’t caught on. Even Kayla admits that, at the worst, her room is a mess.Most families at some point have at least one child whose room looks like a landfill.67 Dirty clothes pile up; dirty dishes get lost in the mess and smell bad; homework is lost; and valuable things are ruined.Some parents let it go, believing that a bedroom is private space for children to manage as they wish. Others lecture their children, offer rewards for cleaning, or punish them when they don’t.___ 68____Mrs. Perkins says they picked up all the clothes on Kayla’s floor and hid them. They cleaned everything up. When Kayla came back to a bare bedroom, there was screaming and shouting, “How can I live without my clothes?” Mrs. Perkins asked Kayla to earn her clothes back by doing housework. These days, she keeps her room clean.69 For example, since Jessica, the 14-year-old daughter wasn’t bothered by the dirty clothes all over her floor, the whole family started using her room as a place to store dirty clothes. Her attitude changed after her family did that. By the time she gave in and cleaned up her room a few days later, even she was laughing.70 Children often behave better if you treat them in the way you would want to be treated by your boss at work—with respect and high expectations.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Useyour own words as far as possible.Why do we read poetry? First obvious one: because we enjoy it. The only other reason is for academic purposes, and that's not why this is here.Many of us read poetry simply because we often feel depressed and hopelessly lost, and in poetry we see how beautiful and strange everything is. So in that way poetry calms our anxiety.There are many different kinds of poems. They are not all calming. Some poems make me anxious, angry, scared, and sad, which is why I value them. As a reader, I want a full meal, not just dessert. I want the sweet and the bitter. Often, I read poetry when I’m already relaxed. In fact, I read more when I'm not stressed out.Here are the main reasons I respond to poetry, as far as I can tell.Metrical(格律的) poems are about setting up rules and then bending them. Usually this is done by setting up a rhythm and then breaking it or almost breaking it, and then returning to it again. This satisfies my desire for order and also my desire for testing boundaries.Poetry plays with language and often puts words together in surprising ways, which is thrilling the way that food can be, when the chef has paired ingredients you never thought would taste good together but somehow do.Many poems are dense. Words mean two or three things at once and lots of suggestions are packed between the lines. This is intellectually inspiring and it allows me to read the same poem over and over, always finding new things in it.And, of course, there’s the subject matter. It interests me just as it would if the same subject was explored in a story or essay. Not all poems interest me in this way, but then not all stories and essays do, either.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 根据最新颁布的交通法，车内任何人员都必须系好安全带。
上海市XX区2017届高考4月模拟质量调研英语试题含答案
2016学年第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2017.4II .Grammar and VocabularySection AI was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in __21__ 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, ___22___（shake）her head and said:“Not so good.”My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holida ys.‖Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how.（23）______I offer to pay for her groceries or ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I saw the women ___（24）（return）her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse（25）________I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said：“You have no idea（26）_______ this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.（27）________（not do）anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All left for me (28)_______（say）was：“Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”（29）________we embraced, I walked back to my car --and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card（30）____ encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.kids may be adding one more to that list.According to a recent paper published in the Geological Society of American Journal by a group of researchers,“Zealandia”is a new continent that’s ___31___ beneath the ocean.Zealandia is ___32___ to be five million sq km. Most of this massive area is covered by water, but its highest mountains already have their own name：New Zealand.The small country is the only part of Zealandia that isn’t underwater, but the paper’s authorswant the huge landmass to be ___33___ worldwide as its own continent.“The scientific value of classifying Zealandia as a continent is much more than just an extra name on a list,”the researchers wrote in their paper.Scientists discovered Zealandia all the way back in 1995, then started ___34___ research on the area using underwater and satellite mapping ___35___. After completing their work, they were finally able to write a report suggesting that Zealandia be named a continent.But who decides on what is a continent and what isn’t? There is, in fact, no official organization that does. Some countries’ schools teach that there are six or even five continents. This changes depending on where in the world school is.Due to their __36__ as a “continuous expanse of land”,some classify Europe and Asia as the same continent -- known as Eurasia. Schools in Russia and parts of Eastern Europe teach this.And to make things even more confusing, France and Greece, as well as other countries, classify North America and South America as simply America.This argument over how land is defined has even ___37___ into outer space. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union（IAU）decided that Pluto was no longer a planet, 76 years after its ___38___ in 1930. Experts argued that it no longer met the requirements needed to be called a planet alongside the eight others in our solar system. It was therefore renamed a “dwarf planet（矮行星）”，meaning that ___39___ books, models and museum exhibits all over the world had to be ___40___.But will the world take the same notice of Zealandia? The best way to tell is to keep an eye on our textbooks.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection AGood news for awkward teenagers around the world. As time goes by, you could ___41___ up like a completely different person.This comes from the longest running personality study ever ___42__ by scientist. According to researchers from the University of Edinburgh in the UK, our personality changes so much from youth to old age that most people’s personalities in older age are barely ___43___ compared to their younger selves.The researchers analyzed results from a study in 1947, which gathered 1,208 teenagers in Scotland aged 14 and asked their teachers to ___44___ their personalities based on six traits（特征）.Now, more than six decades later, the University of Edinburgh team has managed to contact 635 of the ___45___ students, and 174 agreed to have their personalities tested once more.At an average age of 76.7 years old, the group were asked to ___46___ themselves on the same six personality traits, then pick a close friend or family member to do the same.By ___47___ the then-and-now test results, the researchers found that there is hardly any relationship between traits people had as teenagers and those in their older years.It was “as if the second tests had been given to ___48___ people,”the study’s researchers wrote in their report, which was published in journal Psychology and Aging.The results were a surprise because research in the past found personality ___49___ in people tested from childhood to middle-age, and from middle-age to older age.As the team explained, our personality appears stable over short intervals -- ___50___ sothroughout adulthood. ___51___, the longer the interval between two tests of personality, the ___52___ the relationship between the two tends to be.It’s clear that more studies are needed to find out what’s going on here. But it could be the first ___53___ that it’s not just our cells that are being ___54___ throughout life – the way we think, feel and behave might no be as ___55___ as we once thought.41. A. hold B. wake C. end D. cheer42. A. carried out B. applied to C. participated in D. made up43. A. incredible B. accessible C. changeable D. recognizable44. A. assemble B. assess C. assume D. access45. A. alternative B. individual C. original D. separate46. A. score B. rate C. comment D. remark47. A. comparing B. reviewing C. presenting D. observing48. A. young B. similar C. amateur D. different49. A. combination B. stability C. transformation D. flexibility50. A. increasingly B. strangely C. subsequently D. obviously51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise52. A. stronger B. closer C. further D. weaker53. A. option B. sign C. symptom D. cause54. A. replaced B. exposed C. divided D. cultivated55. A. stuck in mud B. buried in sand C. lost in thought D. set in stoneSection B（A）One way people are responding to food safety concerns is by growing their own food. However, not everyone lives on property with enough space for a private plot. One solution is community gardens, which have become popular worldwide, numbering 18,000 in North America alone. In addition to providing low-cost, delicious food, these public spaces offer cities a range of other benefits.Community gardens are located in a town or city and tended by local residents. Often, the land is on a vacant lot owned by the city. The site is divided into manageable plots, which may be tended by individuals or by the garden’s members collectively. Since the land is usually publicly owned, the cost for gardeners to lease it is minimal. In fact, New York City, which is home to more than 750 community gardens tended by more than 20,000 members, charges people just $1 a year to lease a plot. Other costs involve soil, tools, seeds, fencing , and so on. However, because they’re shared by many people, individual gardeners pay very little.A community garden can quickly pay off, in terms of delicious fruits and vegetables, in addition to beautiful flowers. Excess produce can be sold for a profit at farmers markets. But a garden’s benefit don’t stop there. They also beautify cities, foster strong relationships among residents, and lower an area’s crime rate. Award-winning spaces like London’s Culpeper Community Garden even attract tourists. Beautiful and affordable, community gardens are often described as oases in crowded cities.56. Community gardens are designed for those who ___.A. are concerned about food safetyB. live in a house with a private plotC. can’t afford to buy organic foodD. don’t have their own property57. New York City _____.A. is owned by 20,000 individual gardenersB. charges residents a lot to lease tools and fencingC. contains more than 750 community gardensD. is tended by professional gardeners and local residents58. What’s the benefit of community gardens?A. People can enjoy safe and delicious vegetables and animal meat.B. Residents are more familiar and related with each other.C. The neighborhood is becoming safer but of lower taste.D. People can make some profits from the visiting tourists.59. The underlined word“oases”is closest in meaning to ____.A. cultural and art centersB. popular platforms for exchangesC. peaceful and safe landsD. commercial and prosperous places（B）African SafariEssential information you need to know before booking your African Safari in Southern Africa –These tips will enhance the experience that you haveThings to Consider Before Booking an African Safari1)Book in AdvanceAfrican Safaris are now hugely popular and good safari camps often get booked out more than a year in advance, especially during the high season from July through to October. Show more…2)Choosing which game parkDifferent parks have different topography and weather patterns –this greatly affects animal movements at different times of the year. If you want to target certain species of animals, then some parks are better than others for certain species. Show more…3）Choosing which lodge or safari campA typical safari camp has between 10 and 20 beds, it is an intimate safari experience and very personalized. However, there are also hotels in some places, either inside or just outside a national park, which can sleep anything up to 300 people. Show more…4）GuidingThe quality, experience and knowledge of the game at any Safari camp is almost the most important factor to consider. Good guides can transform your experience from ordinary to exceptional. Show more…5）What’s the Best Time of Year to go on SafariUnderstandably as the seasons change so does the safari experience. It is highly advisable to find out the best time of year for the safari area that you are intending to visit. Prices will change dramatically between the high and the low season, so good deals are to be had in the low season but it is important to know the difference, as your experience will be vastly different. Showmore…6）The PriceGoing on safari is not cheap whichever way you do it , but the price range can be enormous. Unfortunately, safaris in most cases are a case of “you pay for what you get”,Show more…7）Fly-in safari or notUsing small charter planes is sometimes an absolute necessity for camps in remote areas, where road transfers are just not practical or viable. These flights can increase the overall cost of the safari substantially but generally they are woth it and allow you the flexibility to visit a variety of safari camps in different locations. Show more…8）Use an AgentAs you can see from all the information and options detailed above, there is great deal to understand and unless you go on safari several times a year it is impossible to know all this stuff. Show more…CONTACT US NOW TO HELP PLAN YOUR SAFARIWe are qualified travel agents who know this area intimately!Click on the below buttons for some fantastic safari ideas60. Which is a determining factor in choosing a Safari camp?A. Means of transport.B. Accommodation.C. Weather patterns.D. Game guides.61. John is planning to have an African Safari in August 2018. He should book it in ______.A. July 2018B. January 2018C. July 2017D. October 201762. Which of the following is FALSE about African Safari?A. You can have a good price but same experience if you travel in low season.B. If you visit different camps in remote areas, flights may be unavoidable.C. The more money you pay, the better experience you’ll get.D. Not all the parks have the same species of animals.（C）A busy brain can mean a hungry body. We often seek food after focused mental activity, like preparing for an exam. Researchers think that heavy bouts of thinking drain energy from the brain, whose capacity to store fuel is very limited.So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories（卡路里）to keep going, apparently stimulates bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or calorie consumption, we eat. This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students.Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recently experimented with exercise to counter such immoderately post - - study food consumption.Gary Hunter, an exercise physiologist at U.A.B., oversaw the study. Hunter notes that tough activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate（乳酸盐）—circulating in the blood and increases blood flow to the head. Because the brain uses sugar and lactateas fuel, researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during exercise could feed an exhausted brain and reduce the urge to overeat.Thirty - - eight healthy college students were invited to U.A.B.’s exercise lab to report what their favorite pizza was. At a later date, the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes dealing with selections from college and graduate - - school entrance exams. Next, half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes, before being given pizza. The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill: two minutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking, repeated five times. Hunter says, that should stimulate the release of sugar and lactate into the bloodstream. These students were then allowed to gorge on pizza, too. But by and large, they did not overeat. In fact, the non-exercisers, however, consumed about 100 calories more.The study has limitations, of course. We only looked at lunch. Hunter says；the researchers do not know if the runners consumed extra calories at dinner. They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running, although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brain and weakening hunger’s call.63. According to the passage, ______ may cause many college students to overeat and gain weight.A. a lot of energy-consuming mental activitiesB. numerous physical movements or calorie burningC. failure to resist the temptation of delicious foodD. bodily hunger caused by physical growth64. The underlined word“counter”is closest in meaning to _____.A. stimulateB. maximizeC. balanceD. prevent65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Running is more beneficial than walking.B. Sweating in exercise can make people hungrier.C. The amount of blood sugar and lactate can affect people’s appetite.D. When the brain feels exhausted, people tend to do exercise for relaxation.66. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. Mental activities can make people feel hungry.B. Physical exercise can make people refreshed and stay hungry.C. Sugar and lactate can help e nergize and restore people’s brain.D. It’s uncertain what types of exercise can effectively feed the brain.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below . each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. When something comes from within you ,you always try your best to analyze it in ascientific way .B. Psychologists call this private speech ----language that is spoken loud but directed at yourselfC. So words to the self , spoken silently or loud , are so much more than just chatterD. We keep the private speech we use as children inside ------but we never truly put away the out=loud version .E. According to he well-known saying , talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.F. Self-talk is efficient because when we are vocal about our thoughts , it makes a larger impact on our brain.Self-talk helps us allTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful . If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech , you’ll know the social problems it can cause.________67__________But there’s no need for embarrassment . Talking to ourselves , whether out loud or silently in our heads, is valuable . Far from being a sign of insanity , self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.For example , take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very likely to hear her talking to herself : offering herself directions and talking about her problems. ________________68_______________We do a lot of it when we are young.As children ,according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older , we keep this system inside.Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking . Our words give us an interesting view of our actions . One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person : as ―you‖rather than ―I‖_____________69___________________If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself .Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just like a regular dialogue , and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.Both kinds of self-talk -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking ._____________70_______-Summary WritingDirections ; Read the following passage . Summarize in more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated . Use your own words as far as possible.For thousands of years , people have sailed across the oceans to trade , explore and transportgoods . However , not every ship arrives at its port of destination . Weather ,war , navigation mistakes and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks , which are estimated to number more than three million , have long fascinated us . In addition to being historically important , they sometimes contain great riches.Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters . Ships carrying documents and artifact can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events . For instance , in 1997 the Pandora , which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia . The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny (暴动) on another ship ----- the Bounty . Another important discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann’s Revenge , the flagship of the private Blackbeard.Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration ,as companies use advanced sonar , robots and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships . One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration . The company has found hundreds of ships , including , in 2007 , a Spanish sailing ship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship , which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean , carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million . Soon after the discovery , a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government . Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.TranslationDirections ; Translate the following sentences into English ,using the words given in the brackets. 1，新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。
上海市奉贤区高三英语下学期二模试题(上海奉贤二模)牛
2012学年奉贤区调研测试高三英语试卷（本卷满分150分；完卷时间120分钟）第I卷（共105分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a laundry. B. At a hotel. C. At a restaurant. D. At asupermarket.2. A. 2. B.3. C. 5. D. 10.3. A. Driving. B. Reading. C. Shopping. D. Walking.4. A. A hairdresser. B. A waitress. C. A police officer. D. Aninsurance agent.5. A. A yellow light. B. A road accident. C. A robbery. D. A TVprogramme.6. A. They will go swimming. B. They will climb mountains.C. They will buy some clothes.D. They will watch a video.7. A. He prefers to eat out. B. He wants toorder the food.C. He doesn’t like Japanese food.D. He wants to pay for the meal.8. A. Tony made the decision for a good reason. B. Tony shouldcontinue his science class.C. Tony should try to choose another course.D. Tony couldhave found a better reason.9. A. Go to find a job at the bookstore. B. Attend the opening ceremony.C. Buy some books at the bookstore.D. Open a bookstore of her own.10.A. There are not enough waitresses. B. It is crowded with customers.C. The service there is too slow.D. One of the waitresses broke herhand.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Good luck. B. A good relationship.C. Independence.D. A job.12.A. She will have a new job. B. She will work in a bookstore.C. She will get married.D. She will havemany children.13.A. She should find a good job. B. She should get married.C. She should open a restaurant.D. She should stay home.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. About 200. B. Over 1,000. C. About 2,000. D. Less than100.15.A. An earthquake. B. Heavy rain. C. Removal of trees. D. Growingpopulation.16.A. Controlling the growth of population. B. Banningchopping down trees.C. Growing more plantations.D. Getting busy to protect theenvironment.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25.Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly _____ size andshape.A. onB. fromC. byD. in26.They felt sad that they couldn’t help the poor boy because _____ of them hadany money on them.A. allB. anyC. noneD. no one27.Some celebrities are eager to make their private lives known to the public forfear that no notice _____ to them.A. paysB. will paidC. is paidD. will be paid28.A 6.5-magnitude earthquake hit Taiwan on Wednesday, _____ ne person and injuringat least 86 others.A. killedB. having killedC. killingD. being killed29.Dogs are man’s good friends, but sometimes they also cause trouble to us, _____?A. are theyB. aren’t theyC. do theyD. don’t they30._____ some Chinese scholars propose stopping using traditional Chinese medicine,foreign medical institutions and industries are pursuing them.A. IfB. WhileC. AsD. Once31.Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he _____ it differently.A. must have expressedB. may haveexpressedC. need have expressedD. could haveexpressed32.One thing you may not know is that _____ chopsticks might be good for your health.A. usingB. useC. usedD. being used33.He said that he would pay a visit to us the next day, but he _____.A. wouldn’tB. didn’tC. hasn’tD. hadn’t34.These years, the belief has become general _____ eating fruits right after dinnerdoesn’t necessarily do good to people’s health.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whether35.It is so noisy in the classroom. I just wonder _____ that makes them so excited.A. why it isB. why is itC. what it isD. what is it36._____ inside the tyre, _____ on the inside of the tyre.A. The more there is air…the harder it pushesB. The more airthere is…the harder it pushesC. There is more air…it pushes harderD. The more air is there…the harderdoes it pushes37.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _____ urgently neededclean water, medicine and shelter to survive.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. what38.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult.A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make39.Drivers _____ to have 80 milligrams of alcohol in their blood will have theirdriver’s licenses suspended for 5 years.A. findB. to findC. findingD. found40.A new stadium will be built _____ the old houses have been pulled down.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. whichSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each wordIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Second, what’s a patent infringement? This is where someone creates somethingthe same as someone else’s patented 56 . Whether this is done intentionally or 57 , they have still caused a patent 58 , and they may be faced with a legal case.The biggest patent war currently taking place in the mobile phone world is between Apple and Samsung. Apple 59 the first shot in 2011, filing a lawsuit that claimed Samsung copied many of its patented ideas in its own Android phones.H o w e v e r,S a m s u n g w a s n’t w i l l i n g t o b a c k d o w n,a n d s o o n60 by filing lawsuits in Japan, South Korea and Germany. By July last year, Apple and Samsung were involved in more than 50 lawsuits around the world. Both companies believe the other stole 61for their own smart-phones.But the big question is over whether the rules on creating patents should be 62 . If one company has the rights to an important piece of mobile phone technology,it risks leading to a lack of competition, and prices will remain 63 . On the other hand, companies are interested in one thing: making a 64 . And so it’s unlikely that they’ll “back off”to allow competition to flourish(活跃). However, it seems clear that there needs to be a better balance. Or the future of innovation could be doomed.50.A. boring B. interesting C. surprising D. exciting51.A. own B. protect C. share D. destroy52.A. needs B. cases C. requirements D. emphases53.A. incredible B. destructive C. invisible D. unavoidable54.A. artificial B. right C. natural D. fake55.A. seize B. discover C. find D. create56.A. belongings B. species C. invention D. property57.A. by accident B. on purpose C. on schedule D. by mistake58.A. defence B. issue C. law D. offence59.A. fought B. fired C. launched D. lit60.A. opposed B. responded C. reflected D. offered61.A. skills B. minds C. beliefs D. ideas62.A. stricter B. lighter C. harder D. easier63.A. low B. high C. unknown D. same64.A. decision B. choice C. comment D. profitSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)As the car moved closer, Alexis saw that the deer’s head was bent toward the ground. Then she heard a scream. A few seconds later, she saw an arm fly up near the deer’s head. Alexis realized the buck was attacking a woman. Sue Panter, a 44-year-old mother of four, had been out for her morning run. The buck had emerged from the tall corn and begun following her. “I knew I was in trouble,” Panter went to pick up a log to use for self-defense, and the buck attacked. It lifted her with its antlers and tossed her into the air.Alexis looked into t he woman’s terrified eyes, and before her father had even stopped the car, she got out of the car and down the slope toward the buck. Alexis helped Sue up the slope and into the Vaughans’ car. “We’re going to get you to a hospital,” Alexis said. Then she h eard her father Michael shout out. Michael had been knocked to the ground. Alexis grabbed a hammer and ran to where Michael lay in the dirt. She beat the buck’s head and neck, but the blows didn’t frighten it. Standing over her father, Alexis could see tha t he was struggling to breathe. “A couple more strikes, Lex,” said Michael. Alexis squeezed her eyes shut and hit several times. When she opened her eyes, the deer was running away.Alexis got in the driver’s seat and sped toward the hospital. After doctors treated Sue and Michael, Sue tearfully thanked her rescuers. “You expect a teenage girl to get on the phone and call for help,” she says, “not to beat up a deer.”65.When attacked by the buck, Sue used a log to _____.A. support herselfB. offend the buckC. protect herself from hurting by the buckD. lift herself66.What’s the probable meaning of the word “tossed” in Paragraph 2?A. Move something gently.B. Kick something violently.C. Throw something violently.D. Shoot something accurately.67.After Alexis assisted Sue into the Vaughans’ car, what happened?A. Her father was knocked down by the buck.B. The buck left and disappeared.C. She found herself frightened.D. Sue shouted out because of pain.68.According to what Sue said in the last paragraph, what can we infer?A. It is common for a girl to beat up a deer.B. When meeting with emergency, girls tend to phone others for help.C. Compared with teenagers, adults are more likely to call for help.D. Sue is very grateful for what Alexis did.(B)69.If you get to the bus station at 8:35, the fastest bus you can catch will turnup at _____.1A. 8:40B. 8:45C. 8:50D. 9:0070.According to the passage, you can’t _____.A. get to some hotels by taking this “hop-on, hop-off” busB. buy the ticket for “hop-on, hop-off” through telephoneC. learn the history of Kuala Lumpur as well as the history of the places youwant to go on the busD. get access to Internet on the bus71.Where can you most probably read this passage? In _____.A. a fashion magazineB. a documentaryC. a touristbrochure D. a newspaper72.What can be inferred from the first paragraph?A. 44% of Americans are afraid of flying.B. Fear of flying happens only among people without flying experience.C. Some of the people who need to fly often in their jobs are afraid of flying.D. Stewards and stewardesses don’t fear as soon as they board the plane.73.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The fear of speaking in public is the second most common fear next toaviaphobia.B. Over 30% of people afraid of flying are more concerned about losing controlof themselves.C. The example of John Smith shows that the painful experience related to flyingwill recover soon.D. Aviaphobes easily become physically and mentally drained because the flightis long and exhausting.74.The reason why aviaphobes feel it a need to conceal fear of flying is that _____.A. they can’t afford to lose their jobsB. they are afraid that it will affect their relationship with friendsC. it is a big and dark secretD. it may be viewed as a sign of timidity that may put their social positionat risk75.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. The causes of aviaphobiaB. Psychologists’attitude towardaviaphobiaC. Some facts about aviaphobiaD. The definition of aviaphobiaSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A.How to get a list of blocosB.Marching with a samba schoolC.The high occupancy at Brazil’s hotelsD.The pee control during the carnivalE.The world’s biggest carnivalF.The samba parade — the festival’s highlight77.More than 500,000 foreign visitors flock to the carnival each year to dance, shout, drink and surge around in happy mobs. Last year, 1.1 million people took part in the celebrations. The occupancy at Brazil’s hotels is currently more than 80percent and is expected to hit 98 percent, beating last year’s 95 percent. According to local media, Rio’s h otel association says this is the first time they predict an increase in domestic tourists over foreign tourists.78.What began as street parades developed into a more organized competition among top samba schools from Brazil and abroad. Approximately 3,000 to 5,000 members of each school participate in full-blown costumes that differ every year. All you have to do is buy a costume, head to the meeting spot of the samba school you decide to parade with, pay a membership fee and, most importantly, follow what the person in front of you is doing once you enter the parade with your school. Oh, and don’t forget to learn by heart your school’s tune.79.It’s not all about the samba. Blocos—street parties / smaller local parades that begin weeks before Carnival — are where the real parties are. Look up a list of blocos (there are approximately 500 each year) for times and location. To find a list, get friendly with locals. These aren’t exactly top secret.80.During the carnival, to prevent public urinating —an unfortunately common sight at Carnival —thousands of city workers will be on official “pee patrol.” Milling around the parades and parties in plain clothes, the public agents have been ordered to arrest revelers who can’t be bothered to find a toilet. First-time offenders will be fined, while repeat offenders will find themselves spending the night at the police station.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.(Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81.The research by Stockholm’s Karolinska Institute shows that __________ can helpto decrease the risk of having a stroke.82.In addition to lowering blood pressure, flavonoids make contributions to__________.83.What can account for the link between chocolate consumption and strokesaccording to Fayad?84.Why is moderate chocolate consumption important?第II卷（共45分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我们应积极参加各种各样的课外活动。
上海市奉贤区高二下学期期末调研测试英语试卷
上海市奉贤区2017-2018学年下学期期末调研测试高二英语试卷Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Bill Gates doesn't pretend he lives in an egalitarian（平等主义的）household. When it comes to 1 （raise）his three children, the billionaire readily admits his wife Melinda 2 (do)more than her share of the work raising the kids."My wife does 80%," Gates told a crowd of Harvard students last Thursday.Gates said he and his wife have been quite careful about the model they've used to bring up their three children, 3 are now 15, 18, and 22 years old.He says the couple followed a 1970s "Love and Logic" parenting model. The core idea of their philosophy is centered on the idea that exerting emotional control, essentially minimizing emotional reactions 4 shouting or scolding kids.In addition to controlling hot-blooded parent tempers, the love and logic model also stresses the importance of not depending on rewards for kids, but instead demonstrating unconditional love and admiring kids for who they are, not 5 they do (or don't) achieve, like a poor test score or a bad grade.The model is a bit like the Socratic method, 6 it pushes parents to focus on asking questions of their kids and gettingthem 7 (think)about how to solve their own problems, instead of feeding them answers.Gates says the "Love and Logic" method 8 (turn) out to be quite different from the way he grew up, but he knew he wanted to do things differently with his own kids.It wasn't the only way he set boundaries for his children while they were growing up. None of his kids owned a cell phone 9 they were 14 years old."We want to strike a balance where they have the freedom to do anything, but not a lot of money 10 (shower)on them so they could go out and do nothing," Gates once told TED.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. burstsB. appropriateC. beneficialD. necessarilyE. applyF. denselyG. initial H. publicly I. publications J. references K. requireReading as part of writingOne of the techniques of writing successfully in an academic environment is to be able to combine the important points of what you have read with your writing. To do this, you must have a clear picture of what you have read, and this in itself will___1__active and focused reading.With academic reading, it is necessary to focus constantly on what the author is saying. Yet many academictexts are ___2___written in unfamiliar ways,which make them much more difficult to manage than, for example, a novel or a magazine article.Although sometimes there may be reasons why you need to skim-read an article or book, this is likely to be only to get the general idea of what is being said, as a way of deciding whether it is___3___reading material or not. In general, skim reading is not a particular useful strategy for a student, but you may 4 it in other contexts, for example, skimming through a newspaper article or surfing the web. Instead of skim-reading, you will be developing ways of concentrating on quite dense texts and making sense of them.Even though you may only be reading for short 5 of time, it is likely that you will have to concentrate for more intensely on academic reading material than, for example, when reading for pleasure. You don’t 6 have to work in the library, but you will need to decide what type of location and atmosphere suits you best, and establish conditions that are 7 to effective study.The 8 difficulty that most students face is choosing their reading. The first thing to do is to consult the reading list you have been given for books and articles that seem relevant to your particular assignment. Doing a library search, by key words or subject, is also useful if the 9 on your reading list are already on loan from the library. Your tutor should also be able to advise you as to which are the most relevant 10 or websites.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Different people may find that different learning methods work best for them. While some would 1 tutoring in order to get better grades, otherschoose to join study groups. 2 , many universities encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them."Two heads are better than one." That's the simple idea behind study groups. By participating in a study group, students can benefit from some of their best 3 resources: other students. They get to pick each other 's 4 and improve their own understanding of different problems.Usually,study groups can create the slightly 5 atmosphere in which it's good to study. For example, some students tend to procrastinate （拖延）when they are studying by themselves. However, by joining a study group, they get to observe their peers who are working 6 and are likely to thus have motivation for working harder.Study groups work 7 when they are small, but not too small-four to five participants is about right. And it's 8 to make sure everyone has the same goal, to prepare for a particular test, to discuss class readings or to review the week's lecture notes. 9 , socializing in the group would make studying more fun as long as it took up only a small portion of group study time.In addition, to optimize(优化) 10 , some study groups like to assign members certain roles. Besides an organizer, who gets group members to agree to a(n) 11 purpose and a convenient time and place, there often is a group member playing the role of a source-seeker, whose duty is to remind group members to 12 their sources. For instance, when a group member says"I read somewhere that…," the source-seeker should ask for 13 . This person reminds the group that it's 14 to know who said what and where it was said. And a gatekeeper, who tries to 15 that all group members are participating, may ask a direct question to help a shy person participate, or find a way to get a dominating member to listen.1. A. turn to B. ask for C. ask about D. lead to2. A. In theory B. Without doubt C. After all D. In fact3. A. cultural B. academic C. social D. economic4. A. spirits B. brains C. intelligence D. resources5. A. lively B. alert C. tense D. orderly6. A. diligently B. creatively C. deliberately D. continuously7. A. hardest B. fastest C. best D. most8. A. necessary B. basic C. simple D. urgent9. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Nevertheless10. A. influence B. program C. design D. efficiency11. A. personal B. common C. separate D. achievable12. A. admit B. identify C. classify D. guarantee13. A. qualities B. features C. specifics D. specialties14. A. evident B. natural C. feasible D. important15. A. promise B. ensure C. recognize D. remindSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. ,（A）For the past few years, an email gets circulated prior to the beginning of a month that has 31 days and begins on a Friday. It usually says something like,"August 2014 has five Fridays, five Saturdays and five Sundays, and this will not occur again for 823years."Because I love math so much and know many people in the mathematical field, I get this email forward to me all the time with comments like,"Isn’t this cool,Mike?" Even though the facts are totally false(it will happen again in 2025 and then again in 2031), this email continues to be passed around. It is human nature to believe everything you read without thinking if it is logical.When you were a kid, you might have been told not to cross your eyes because they will stay crossed, or not to go outside with your hair wet or you will catch pneumonia(肺炎). Those were common misconceptions when I was growing up. I thought they were true until I heard otherwise. But sometimes, as a kid, you may try to explain something to yourself, start believing it is true, and find out many years later that it is totally false.For example, when I was in my 20s, my friend and I decided to take a trip to Las Vegas. After landing, we were waiting at the baggage claim, wondering what was taking so long for the bags to arrive. I turned to one of my friends and said,"My friend looked at me in disbelief and told everyone else that I did not know that the luggage flew on the same plane as the passengers. Even though nobody ever told me otherwise, I probably told myself that and always believed it until I learned that it was wrong.My niece is an absolute genius. She graduated from a distinguished university with full academic scholarship. Recently, she was driving with her mother. On the highway, she saw a car connected to a trailer(拖车) riding next to her. She quickly shouted out,"Mom, nobody is driving the trailer!" Brilliant as she is, she always thought the trailer pushed the car, not the car pulled the trailer.1. Why does the author put the story about the forwarded email at the beginning of the passage?A. To show us he is an expert in the mathematical field.B. To prove that people like to communicate with emails.C. To express how much he loves counting days and years.D. To present that many people may believe in wrong things.2. The word"misconceptions " in paragraph3 is closest in meaning to .A. severe criticismsB. kind suggestionsC. false impressionsD. proper reactions3. According to paragraph4, which of the following statement is true?A. The author once lost his luggage on his trip to Las Vegas.B. The author believed for years that another plane carried the luggage.C. The author may have learned the false information from his parents.D. The author was angry because his friend didn’t believe him.4. The author mentioned the example of his niece to illustrate .A. how brilliant and well-educated his niece isB. his niece holds a close relationship with her motherC. women are usually ignorant of vehicles and mechanical stuffD. highly-educated people may still have some misunderstandings(B)Need help choosing a college and getting in? This section tells you how to find the school that's right for you and provides a useful calendar and checklist. How much does a US education cost, and how will you pay for it? Find the answers here, plus the best sources of financial aid for international students. Need money for college in the USA? Use FastWeb's free scholarship search to find awards, sponsors & bursaries.Learn about English classes, the TOEFL exams, teaching styles, and common errors. F-1, J-1, and M-1 visas, INS forms, employment restrictions, and other immigration issues.Read advice on packing and how to get here from there.Stereotypes, polite behavior, and other American customs.Look here for housing, money, shopping, mailing, safety, health care, and other topics.Get personalized answers to your questions.This section features credential evaluation, placement services, the history of the USA, and other miscellaneous topics.Home | Admissions | Financial Aid | Visas | Traveling to the US | English | Culture Living in the US | Ask the Advisor | Other Resources | Site Map | About eduPASSMonster Network: Monster | Financial Aid | Scholarships | Online Degrees College Jobs | College Diversity1.The purpose of this passage is toA.introduce the American education system.B. help international students to apply for US universities.C. provide cultural information about the United States.D. assist international students in adapting to the life in the US.2.Which sections are likely to cover information about college fees?A."Financing College", "English as a 2nd Language" and"Traveling to the USA".B. "Financing College", "Free Scholarship Search" and"Passport and Visas".C."Financing College", "Traveling to the USA" and"Living in the USA".D."Financing College", "Free Scholarship Search" and"Ask the Advisor".3.What can we infer from the passage?A.There are different kinds of visas for international students.B.It is guaranteed that international students can get financial aid.C.With"Free Scholarship Search", international students can get scholarships more easily.D.Studying in the USA is a smart choice for international students.(C)Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon(霓虹灯) sign. Their risky behaviors—drinking too much alcohol, using illegal drugs, smoking cigarettes and skipping school—can alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing.But a new study finds that there’s another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same psychiatric symptoms: teens who use tons of media, don’t get enough sleep and have a sedentary (不爱活动的)lifestyle.Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme who are truly in danger. Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been nicknamed the "invisible risk"group by the study’s authors."In some ways they are at greater risk of falling through the cracks," says researchers Vladimir Carli. "While most parents, teachers and clinicians would react to an adolescent using drugs or getting drunk, they may easily overlook teenagers who are engaging in unobtrusive behaviors."The study’s authors surveyed 12,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors: excessive alcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking, high media use and drop out. Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers.About 58% of the students demonstrated none or few of the risk behaviors. Some 13% scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors. And 29%, the "invisible risk"group, scored high on three in particular: They spent five hours a day or more electronic devices. They slept six hours a night or less. And they neglected "other healthy activities."The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this cohort reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of the low-risk group. But the invisible group wasn’t far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression.The findings caught Carli off guard. "We were very surprised,"he says. "The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious. But this third group wasnot only unexpected, it was so distinct and so large—nearly one third of our sample—that it became a key finding of the study."Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early-warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identification, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders.1.What does the author mean by saying"Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon sign"?A.Mental problems can now be found in large numbers of teenagersB.Teenagers’ mental problems are getting more and more attentionC.Teenagers’ mental problems are often easy to observeD.Depression and anxiety are the most common symptoms of mental problems2.What is the finding of the new study?A.Teenagers’ lifestyle have changed greatly in recent yearsB.Many teenagers resort to drugs or alcohol for mental reliefC.Teenagers experiencing psychological problems tend to use a lot of mediaD.Many unobserved youngsters so far may have psychological problems3.Why do the researchers refer to teenagers who use tons of media, don’t get enough sleep and have a secondary lifestyle as the"invisible risk" group?A.Their behaviors can be an invisible threat to societyB.Their behaviors do not have a warning signalC.Their behaviors do not tend toward mental problemsD.Their behaviors can be found in almost all teenagers on earth4.Why does the new study find about the invisible group?A.They are almost as likely to suffer from depression as the high-risk groupB.They suffer from depression without showing any symptoms.C.They do not often demonstrate risky behaviors as their peersD.They do not attract the media attention the high-risk group doesSection CDirections: Read the following passage.. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.One of the best parts of opening your own restaurant is the opportunity to let your creativity flow. 1 That uniqueness can attract customers. However, creating a restaurant theme isn’t as cut and dry as choosing a location and writing up a menu. A restaurant theme is a blend of food, atmosphere, and service. So how do you decide which restaurant theme is right for you? How do you decide what kind of theme will stand out from the local competition?2 Often when a person decides they want to open a restaurant, they have a pretty good idea of the concept – a steakhouse, a sandw ich shop, a coffee house, etc. And that’s great, because it gives you a place to start. But because of your personal bias in regards to your restaurant theme.,you might firmly believe that your neighborhood is in need of a place to get a good steak and handcrafted beer. But do others agree with you? Look at several restaurants from the point of view of other customers. Maybe you can’t stand the loud music played at the local tavern, but there are many people who enjoy it while they eat dinner.3 But that is your opinion, not a hard fact.To help you avoid bias, you can put together a focus group -something large corporations do routinely to help them develop products and design advertising campaigns. A focus group of 10-15 people (be sure to include people outside of your circle of friends and families) will answer a series of pointed questions.What’s Your Audience?White collar? Blue Collar? Families? Men? Women? Who do you hope to attract to your restaurant? What appeals to one group of customers may not necessarily appeal to other groups. For example, what might entice families with small children won’t necessarily work for single, white-collar office workers looking for a beer and dinner after work. 4 It will determine things like hours of operation, seating capacity, design and decoration of the dining room, and menu items and prices. For example, if your audience is families with younger children, you don’t need to be open until midnight or have a full-service sports bar.SummaryDirections: Read the passage carefully. Write a summary of the passage in 60 words.Energy Harvesting:A New Way to Change Your PhoneFed up with constantly having to recharge or replace batteries in your ever expanding electronic devices? The solution may be just a few steps away."Energy harvesting" promises to power countless consumer devices, often with nothing more than your body's movement or heat. Dozens of companies around the world already offer such products, but many experts believe the market for the technology could explode due to electronic gadgets being developed for the Internet of Things.Among the most basic forms of the technology is body power. When certain materials are squeezed or stretched, the movement of their atoms creates an electrical charge. Automatic watches have employed the concept for decades, for example, by winding themselves when their user moves their arm. Now, the concept is being considered for a number of other devices.In a contest seeking visionary ideas for wearable technologies, Intel awarded $5,000 for a concept to change the temperature difference between a person's body and a special piece of clothing they’d wear into electricity for mobile devices.Using sound to power devices is another energy-harvesting variation. Stanford University engineers are testing smart microchips that create electricity from ultrasound to power implantable devices that can analyze a person's nervous system or treat their diseases.A textile research association in Spain is proposing to obtain electricity from radio waves that flow around everyone to power sensors sewn into clothes, which can monitor a person's heartbeat or other vital signs.Research firm IDTechEx has estimated that annual global sales of energy-harvesting products could hit $US2.6 billion by 2024, while WinterGreen Research predicts sales of $4.2 billion by 2019.Obtaining stable energy from devices can be complex, however. For one thing, the motion that generates the electricity has to be constant to be useful. Moreover, the amount of power the devices produce depends on the person using them, according to a Columbia University study. It determined that taller people on average provide about 20 percent more power than shorter ones when walking, running or cycling.It's also unclear how eagerly consumers might welcome energy-harvesting products. While such devices are expected to cost less than battery-powered alternatives when compared over many years, experts say, people may continue buying ones with batteries merely because those would be cheaper in the short term.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.在这家商店你可以买到各种父亲节礼物。
2020年2020届上海市奉贤区2017级高三三模考试英语试卷及答案
2020年2020届上海市奉贤区2017级高三三模考试英语试卷★祝考试顺利★(含答案)Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（25分）Section A – Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. By train. B. By taxi. C. By car. D. By plane.2. A. Waitress and diner. B. Doctor and patient.C. Manager and secretary.D. Husband and wife.3. A. In the bank. B. In the church. C. In the hospital. D. Inthe library.4. A. The woman can borrow his note-book.B. The woman can bring the note-book here.C. The man would like to borrow the woman’s note-book.D. The man would mind lending the note-book to the woman..5. A. Playing games. B. Doing the programming.C. Promising the assignment.D. Assigning the programming.6. A. The man will be admitted to the university soon.B. The woman doesn’t think it worth congratulating.C. The man is eager to know what happened to the woman.D. The woman was on top of the world when accepted by the university.7. A. How to exchange money. B. Where to find a bank.C. What to do in a bank.D. Whether to walk straight ahead.8. A. He will try to persuade the women not to go.B. He will go with the woman to the exhibition.C. He will stay and finish the writing assignment.D. He will finish the due exhibit as soon as possible.9. A. She doesn’t like shopping online.B. She often does shopping online with her friends.C. She prefers shopping online to in a physical shop.D. The last thing she did was buying something online.10.A. The woman should turn to a professional for advice.B. The woman is asking for advice on how to stay warm.C. The man doesn’t know any of the tips she women needs.D. The man thinks the woman should be determined to lose weight.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Lifeboats. B. Surfboards. C. Helmets. D. Seafood.12. A. Because he was tired of his former business.B. Because he found it hard to keep up with the times.C. Because people were not interested in his products.D. Because he wanted to sell something independent of the change of the season.13. A. Reliable contracts and manufacturers.。
上海市2017奉贤区初三英语二模试卷（含答案）
上海市2017奉贤区初三英语⼆模试卷（含答案）奉贤区2016-2017 第⼆学期初三英语期中调研卷( 满分150 分，考试时间100 分钟）考⽣注意：本卷有7 ⼤题，共94 ⼩题。
试题均采⽤连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在试卷上不给分。
Part 1 Listening ( 第⼀部分听⼒）A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图⽚）（6 分）A B CD E FG H1.____2. ____3. ____4. ____5. ____6. _____B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）（8分）7. A) Next Thursday. B) Last Thursday.C) Next Tuesday. D) Last Tuesday.8. A) By bus. B) By taxi.C) By bike. D) On foot.9. A) In a hospital. B) In a book store.C) In a supermarket. D) In a public library10. A) To see a film. B)To have sports.C) To do shopping. D) To post a letter.11. A) Shop assistant and customer. B) Mother and son.C) Doctor and patient. D) Boss and secretary.12. A) The Lantern Festival. B) The Mid-autumn festival.C) Thanksgiving Day. D) Christmas Day13. A) Because he wants to see a film.B) Because he will work late tonight.C) Because he wants to visit his classmates.D) Because he will watch a football match.l4. A) It will be given to Aunt Jane.B) It will be thrown away.C) It will be under Aunt Jane ’s care.D) It will be taken to Australia.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句⼦是否符合你听到的短⽂内容，符合的⽤“T”表⽰，不符合的⽤“F”表⽰）（6分）15. Kite flying is a popular activity in spring in China.I6. Kites shaped like swallows ( 燕⼦）mean long life and peaches mean good luck.听 17. Many people visit the city of Weifang every April to take part in the International KiteFestival.18. The kite was invented by Chinese people over 200 years ago.19. People got the idea of inventing the lightning rod ( 避雷针） from a kite.20. The passage mainly talks about how to fly kites safely in spring.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences ( 短⽂，完成下列句⼦。
上海市奉贤区2017-2018学年高二下学期期末调研测试英语---精校Word版
上海市奉贤区2017-2018学年下学期期末调研测试高二英语试卷Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Bill Gates doesn't pretend he lives in an egalitarian（平等主义的）household. When it comes to 1 （raise）his three children, the billionaire readily admits his wife Melinda 2 (do)more than her share of the work raising the kids."My wife does 80%," Gates told a crowd of Harvard students last Thursday.Gates said he and his wife have been quite careful about the model they've used to bring up their three children, 3 are now 15, 18, and 22 years old.He says the couple followed a 1970s "Love and Logic" parenting model. The core idea of their philosophy is centered on the idea that exerting emotional control, essentially minimizing emotional reactions 4 shouting or scolding kids.In addition to controlling hot-blooded parent tempers, the love and logic model also stresses the importance of not depending on rewards for kids, but instead demonstrating unconditional love and admiring kids for who they are, not 5 they do (or don't) achieve, like a poor test score or a bad grade.The model is a bit like the Socratic method, 6 it pushes parents to focus on asking questions of their kids and gettingthem 7 (think)about how to solve their own problems, instead of feeding them answers.Gates says the "Love and Logic" method 8 (turn) out to be quite different from the way he grew up, but he knew he wanted to do things differently with his own kids.It wasn't the only way he set boundaries for his children while they were growing up. None of his kids owned a cell phone 9 they were 14 years old."We want to strike a balance where they have the freedom to do anything, but not a lot of money 10 (shower)on them so they could go out and do nothing," Gates once told TED.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. burstsB. appropriateC. beneficialD. necessarilyE. applyF. denselyG. initial H. publicly I. publications J. references K. requireReading as part of writingOne of the techniques of writing successfully in an academic environment is to be able to combine the important points of what you have read with your writing. To do this, you must have a clear picture of what you have read, and this in itself will___1__active and focused reading.With academic reading, it is necessary to focus constantly on what the author is saying. Yet many academictexts are ___2___written in unfamiliar ways,which make them much more difficult to manage than, for example, a novel or a magazine article.Although sometimes there may be reasons why you need to skim-read an article or book, this is likely to be only to get the general idea of what is being said, as a way of deciding whether it is___3___reading material or not. In general, skim reading is not a particular useful strategy for a student, but you may 4 it in other contexts, for example, skimming through a newspaper article or surfing the web. Instead of skim-reading, you will be developing ways of concentrating on quite dense texts and making sense of them.Even though you may only be reading for short 5 of time, it is likely that you will have to concentrate for more intensely on academic reading material than, for example, when reading for pleasure. You don’t 6 have to work in the library, but you will need to decide what type of location and atmosphere suits you best, and establish conditions that are 7 to effective study.The 8 difficulty that most students face is choosing their reading. The first thing to do is to consult the reading list you have been given for books and articles that seem relevant to your particular assignment. Doing a library search, by key words or subject, is also useful if the 9 on your reading list are already on loan from the library. Your tutor should also be able to advise you as to which are the most relevant 10 or websites.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Different people may find that different learning methods work best for them. While some would 1 tutoring in order to get better grades, otherschoose to join study groups. 2 , many universities encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them."Two heads are better than one." That's the simple idea behind study groups. By participating in a study group, students can benefit from some of their best 3 resources: other students. They get to pick each other 's 4 and improve their own understanding of different problems.Usually,study groups can create the slightly 5 atmosphere in which it's good to study. For example, some students tend to procrastinate （拖延）when they are studying by themselves. However, by joining a study group, they get to observe their peers who are working 6 and are likely to thus have motivation for working harder.Study groups work 7 when they are small, but not too small-four to five participants is about right. And it's 8 to make sure everyone has the same goal, to prepare for a particular test, to discuss class readings or to review the week's lecture notes. 9 , socializing in the group would make studying more fun as long as it took up only a small portion of group study time.In addition, to optimize(优化) 10 , some study groups like to assign members certain roles. Besides an organizer, who gets group members to agree to a(n) 11 purpose and a convenient time and place, there often is a group member playing the role of a source-seeker, whose duty is to remind group members to 12 their sources. For instance, when a group member says"I read somewhere that…," the source-seeker should ask for 13 . This person reminds the group that it's 14 to know who said what and where it was said. And a gatekeeper, who tries to 15 that all group members are participating, may ask a direct question to help a shy person participate, or find a way to get a dominating member to listen.1. A. turn to B. ask for C. ask about D. lead to2. A. In theory B. Without doubt C. After all D. In fact3. A. cultural B. academic C. social D. economic4. A. spirits B. brains C. intelligence D. resources5. A. lively B. alert C. tense D. orderly6. A. diligently B. creatively C. deliberately D. continuously7. A. hardest B. fastest C. best D. most8. A. necessary B. basic C. simple D. urgent9. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Nevertheless10. A. influence B. program C. design D. efficiency11. A. personal B. common C. separate D. achievable12. A. admit B. identify C. classify D. guarantee13. A. qualities B. features C. specifics D. specialties14. A. evident B. natural C. feasible D. important15. A. promise B. ensure C. recognize D. remindSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. ,（A）For the past few years, an email gets circulated prior to the beginning of a month that has 31 days and begins on a Friday. It usually says something like,"August 2014 has five Fridays, five Saturdays and five Sundays, and this will not occur again for 823years."Because I love math so much and know many people in the mathematical field, I get this email forward to me all the time with comments like,"Isn’t this cool,Mike?" Even though the facts are totally false(it will happen again in 2025 and then again in 2031), this email continues to be passed around. It is human nature to believe everything you read without thinking if it is logical.When you were a kid, you might have been told not to cross your eyes because they will stay crossed, or not to go outside with your hair wet or you will catch pneumonia(肺炎). Those were common misconceptions when I was growing up. I thought they were true until I heard otherwise. But sometimes, as a kid, you may try to explain something to yourself, start believing it is true, and find out many years later that it is totally false.For example, when I was in my 20s, my friend and I decided to take a trip to Las Vegas. After landing, we were waiting at the baggage claim, wondering what was taking so long for the bags to arrive. I turned to one of my friends and said,"My friend looked at me in disbelief and told everyone else that I did not know that the luggage flew on the same plane as the passengers. Even though nobody ever told me otherwise, I probably told myself that and always believed it until I learned that it was wrong.My niece is an absolute genius. She graduated from a distinguished university with full academic scholarship. Recently, she was driving with her mother. On the highway, she saw a car connected to a trailer(拖车) riding next to her. She quickly shouted out,"Mom, nobody is driving the trailer!" Brilliant as she is, she always thought the trailer pushed the car, not the car pulled the trailer.1. Why does the author put the story about the forwarded email at the beginning of the passage?A. To show us he is an expert in the mathematical field.B. To prove that people like to communicate with emails.C. To express how much he loves counting days and years.D. To present that many people may believe in wrong things.2. The word"misconceptions " in paragraph3 is closest in meaning to .A. severe criticismsB. kind suggestionsC. false impressionsD. proper reactions3. According to paragraph4, which of the following statement is true?A. The author once lost his luggage on his trip to Las Vegas.B. The author believed for years that another plane carried the luggage.C. The author may have learned the false information from his parents.D. The author was angry because his friend didn’t believe him.4. The author mentioned the example of his niece to illustrate .A. how brilliant and well-educated his niece isB. his niece holds a close relationship with her motherC. women are usually ignorant of vehicles and mechanical stuffD. highly-educated people may still have some misunderstandings(B)Need help choosing a college and getting in? This section tells you how to find the school that's right for you and provides a useful calendar and checklist. How much does a US education cost, and how will you pay for it? Find the answers here, plus the best sources of financial aid for international students. Need money for college in the USA? Use FastWeb's free scholarship search to find awards, sponsors & bursaries.Learn about English classes, the TOEFL exams, teaching styles, and common errors. F-1, J-1, and M-1 visas, INS forms, employment restrictions, and other immigration issues.Read advice on packing and how to get here from there.Stereotypes, polite behavior, and other American customs.Look here for housing, money, shopping, mailing, safety, health care, and other topics.Get personalized answers to your questions.This section features credential evaluation, placement services, the history of the USA, and other miscellaneous topics.Home | Admissions | Financial Aid | Visas | Traveling to the US | English | Culture Living in the US | Ask the Advisor | Other Resources | Site Map | About eduPASSMonster Network: Monster | Financial Aid | Scholarships | Online Degrees College Jobs | College Diversity1.The purpose of this passage is toA.introduce the American education system.B. help international students to apply for US universities.C. provide cultural information about the United States.D. assist international students in adapting to the life in the US.2.Which sections are likely to cover information about college fees?A."Financing College", "English as a 2nd Language" and"Traveling to the USA".B. "Financing College", "Free Scholarship Search" and"Passport and Visas".C."Financing College", "Traveling to the USA" and"Living in the USA".D."Financing College", "Free Scholarship Search" and"Ask the Advisor".3.What can we infer from the passage?A.There are different kinds of visas for international students.B.It is guaranteed that international students can get financial aid.C.With"Free Scholarship Search", international students can get scholarships more easily.D.Studying in the USA is a smart choice for international students.(C)Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon(霓虹灯) sign. Their risky behaviors—drinking too much alcohol, using illegal drugs, smoking cigarettes and skipping school—can alert parents and teachers that serious problems are brewing.But a new study finds that there’s another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same psychiatric symptoms: teens who use tons of media, don’t get enough sleep and have a sedentary (不爱活动的)lifestyle.Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme who are truly in danger. Because their behaviors are not usually seen as a red flag, these young people have been nicknamed the "invisible risk"group by the study’s authors."In some ways they are at greater risk of falling through the cracks," says researchers Vladimir Carli. "While most parents, teachers and clinicians would react to an adolescent using drugs or getting drunk, they may easily overlook teenagers who are engaging in unobtrusive behaviors."The study’s authors surveyed 12,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors: excessive alcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking, high media use and drop out. Their aim was to determine the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers.About 58% of the students demonstrated none or few of the risk behaviors. Some 13% scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors. And 29%, the "invisible risk"group, scored high on three in particular: They spent five hours a day or more electronic devices. They slept six hours a night or less. And they neglected "other healthy activities."The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this cohort reported being depressed, compared with just 4% of the low-risk group. But the invisible group wasn’t far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression.The findings caught Carli off guard. "We were very surprised,"he says. "The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious. But this third group wasnot only unexpected, it was so distinct and so large—nearly one third of our sample—that it became a key finding of the study."Carli says that one of the most significant things about his study is that it provides new early-warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identification, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders.1.What does the author mean by saying"Teenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon sign"?A.Mental problems can now be found in large numbers of teenagersB.Teenagers’ mental problems are getting more and more attentionC.Teenagers’ mental problems are often easy to observeD.Depression and anxiety are the most common symptoms of mental problems2.What is the finding of the new study?A.Teenagers’ lifestyle have changed greatly in recent yearsB.Many teenagers resort to drugs or alcohol for mental reliefC.Teenagers experiencing psychological problems tend to use a lot of mediaD.Many unobserved youngsters so far may have psychological problems3.Why do the researchers refer to teenagers who use tons of media, don’t get enough sleep and have a secondary lifestyle as the"invisible risk" group?A.Their behaviors can be an invisible threat to societyB.Their behaviors do not have a warning signalC.Their behaviors do not tend toward mental problemsD.Their behaviors can be found in almost all teenagers on earth4.Why does the new study find about the invisible group?A.They are almost as likely to suffer from depression as the high-risk groupB.They suffer from depression without showing any symptoms.C.They do not often demonstrate risky behaviors as their peersD.They do not attract the media attention the high-risk group doesSection CDirections: Read the following passage.. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.One of the best parts of opening your own restaurant is the opportunity to let your creativity flow. 1 That uniqueness can attract customers. However, creating a restaurant theme isn’t as cut and dry as choosing a location and writing up a menu. A restaurant theme is a blend of food, atmosphere, and service. So how do you decide which restaurant theme is right for you? How do you decide what kind of theme will stand out from the local competition?2 Often when a person decides they want to open a restaurant, they have a pretty good idea of the concept – a steakhouse, a sandwi ch shop, a coffee house, etc. And that’s great, because it gives you a place to start. But because of your personal bias in regards to your restaurant theme.,you might firmly believe that your neighborhood is in need of a place to get a good steak and handcrafted beer. But do others agree with you? Look at several restaurants from the point of view of other customers. Maybe you can’t stand the loud music played at the local tavern, but there are many people who enjoy it while they eat dinner.3 But that is your opinion, not a hard fact.To help you avoid bias, you can put together a focus group -something large corporations do routinely to help them develop products and design advertising campaigns. A focus group of 10-15 people (be sure to include people outside of your circle of friends and families) will answer a series of pointed questions.What’s Your Audience?White collar? Blue Collar? Families? Men? Women? Who do you hope to attract to your restaurant? What appeals to one group of customers may not necessarily appeal to other groups. For example, what might entice families with small children won’t necessarily work for single, white-collar office workers looking for a beer and dinner after work. 4 It will determine things like hours of operation, seating capacity, design and decoration of the dining room, and menu items and prices. For example, if your audience is families with younger children, you don’t need to be open until midnight or have a full-service sports bar.SummaryDirections: Read the passage carefully. Write a summary of the passage in 60 words.Energy Harvesting:A New Way to Change Your PhoneFed up with constantly having to recharge or replace batteries in your ever expanding electronic devices? The solution may be just a few steps away."Energy harvesting" promises to power countless consumer devices, often with nothing more than your body's movement or heat. Dozens of companies around the world already offer such products, but many experts believe the market for the technology could explode due to electronic gadgets being developed for the Internet of Things.Among the most basic forms of the technology is body power. When certain materials are squeezed or stretched, the movement of their atoms creates an electrical charge. Automatic watches have employed the concept for decades, for example, by winding themselves when their user moves their arm. Now, the concept is being considered for a number of other devices.In a contest seeking visionary ideas for wearable technologies, Intel awarded $5,000 for a concept to change the temperature difference between a person's body and a special piece of clothing they’d wear into electricity for mobile devices.Using sound to power devices is another energy-harvesting variation. Stanford University engineers are testing smart microchips that create electricity from ultrasound to power implantable devices that can analyze a person's nervous system or treat their diseases.A textile research association in Spain is proposing to obtain electricity from radio waves that flow around everyone to power sensors sewn into clothes, which can monitor a person's heartbeat or other vital signs.Research firm IDTechEx has estimated that annual global sales of energy-harvesting products could hit $US2.6 billion by 2024, while WinterGreen Research predicts sales of $4.2 billion by 2019.Obtaining stable energy from devices can be complex, however. For one thing, the motion that generates the electricity has to be constant to be useful. Moreover, the amount of power the devices produce depends on the person using them, according to a Columbia University study. It determined that taller people on average provide about 20 percent more power than shorter ones when walking, running or cycling.It's also unclear how eagerly consumers might welcome energy-harvesting products. While such devices are expected to cost less than battery-powered alternatives when compared over many years, experts say, people may continue buying ones with batteries merely because those would be cheaper in the short term.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.在这家商店你可以买到各种父亲节礼物。