2020年上海市浦东新区高考英语一模试卷

2020年上海市浦东新区高考英语一模试卷
Ⅱ.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.
1.
A New Hero is Here to Save the Day
It’s thought that when a hero like Batman is blessed with great power， he or she must endure loneliness and suffering as a result． The Flash（闪电侠）， however， makes a fun，lightning﹣quick and optimistic superhero． After the wild success of TV series Arrow， a
TV network launched The Flash，（1）________（show） the image of this Superhero，who was only a supporting character in Arrow．
Like Spiderman，who gained the ability to make webs and climb walls after he（2）
________（bite）by a spider，Barry Allen in The Flash was shocked into superhero﹣status by accident． A strike from a lightning put Allen into a nine﹣month unconscious state，
and when he emerged， he found himself （3）________（equip） with super speed．Naturally， Allen slips on a colorful suit and becomes the Flash， a hero （4）
________extreme speed to fight super﹣powered bad guys． But the Flash also has other purposes，namely finding out the truth behind his mother’s death and his father’s unjust imprisonment．
In line with superhero series standards， The Flash features action and eye﹣popping special effects．There’s nothing terribly innovative here， but （5）________we do get is
a unique superhero with a more unusual personality．（6）________Allen has gone through unpleasant childhood experience， in this show he grows into a superhero （7）
________powers include optimism．He’s got a group of scientists that not only save his life，but also provide him with emotional support and the tools necessary （8）________（fight）crime．
A big surprise for me was that The Flash cast Prison Break star Wentworth Miller as a bad character， who uses a gun that （9）________turn anything into ice． US shows began their entrance into the Chinese market with Friends， but Prison Break pushed interest in
US TV series to a new height largely thanks to Miller’s wonderful acting．Now Miller’s back
to act in The Flash．
（10）________is a nice surprise that this new show serves as a platform for Prison Break fans to revisit their old favorite，although this time around he’s an antagonist（反派角色）．【答案】
showing,was bitten,equipped,with,what,Eventhough/if,whose,to fight,can,It
【考点】
说明文语法填空
【解析】
本文介绍了继蝙蝠侠之后的几个电影中的超级英雄角色．以及扮演者．
【解答】
1．showing，考查现在分词，show和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词showing作补充说明．
2． was bitten，考查时态语态，描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，句子主语和bite之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为he，所以用第三人称单数谓语，故填
瓦斯 bitten．
3． equipped，考查过去分词，根据短语be equipped with装备着，可知用过去分词作
宾补，故填equipped．
4． with，考查介词，表示“带有”，所以用介词with．
5． what，考查主语从句，在主语从句中作get的宾语，表示“…的东西”，所以用what
引导．
6． Even though/if，考查连词，根据句意“尽管艾伦在这个节目中经历了不愉快的童年
经历，但他成长为一个超级英雄，他的力量包括乐观主义”，可知用even though/if“尽管”引导让步状语从句．
7． whose，考查定语从句，先行词为人a superhero，在定语从句中作定语，所以用whose引导．
8． to fight，考查不定式，形容词+不定式结构，所以用to fight．
9．can，考查情态动词，根据句意“他用一把能把任何东西变成冰的枪”，表示“能够”，后跟动词原形，所以用can．
10． It，考查it的用法，that引导主语从句放在后面，所以用it作形式主语．
Section BDirections： After reading the passage below， fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A． accustomed B． advances C． command D． common E． drain F． minimize
G． precisely H． reduced I． renew J． sustainably K． victims
Criticism of the Fast Fashion
In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada， Miranda Priestly， played by Meryl Streep， scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her．Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater was（1）
_______over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl probably found her clothes．
This top﹣down concept of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or in conflict with the mad world described in Overdressed，Elizabeth Cline’s three﹣year accusation of “fast fashion”． In the last decade or so，（2）_______ in technology have allowed mass﹣market labels such as Zara， H&M， and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and predict demand more（3）_______． Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted stock， more frequent release， and more profit． These labels encourage style﹣conscious consumers
to see clothes as disposable﹣meant to last only a wash or two，although they don’t advertise that﹣and to （4）_______ their wardrobe（衣橱） every few weeks． By offering on﹣trend items at dirt﹣cheap prices， Cline argues， these brands have controlled fashion cycles， shaking an industry long（5）_______to a seasonal pace．
The（6）_______of this revolution， of course， are not limited to designers． For H&M
to offer a ﹩5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2，300﹣plus stores around the world， it must rely on low﹣wage overseas labor， order in volumes that （7）_______ natural resources，
and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals．
Towards the end of Overdressed， Cline introduced her ideal， a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont， who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes﹣and beautifully． But as Cline is the first to note， it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft；her example can’t be imitated．
Though several fast﹣fashion companies have made efforts to（8）_______ their impact on labor and the environment﹣including H&M， with its green Conscious Collection line﹣
Cline believes lasting change can only be made by customers． She exhibits the idealism（9）_______ to many advocates of sustainability， be it in food or in energy． Vanity（虚荣心）is a constant； people will only start shopping more （10）_______ when they can’t afford not to．
【答案】
H,B,G,I,A,K,E,F,D,J
【考点】
选词填空
【解析】
本文讲述了在过去的十年左右时间里，技术的进步使得Zara、H&M和优衣库等大众市
场品牌能够更快地对趋势做出反应更准确地预测需求．
【解答】
（1） H ，考查句意，根据句意“普里斯特利解释说，多年来，从时装秀到百货公司，
再到这个可怜的女孩可能在其中找到衣服的廉价箱，助理毛衣的深蓝色是如何减少的．．”，可知要填的词为" reduced减少"．
（2） B ，考查句意，根据句意“在过去的十年左右时间里，技术的进步使得Zara、
H&M和优衣库等大众市场品牌能够更快地对趋势做出反应更准确地预测需求”，可知
要填的词为“advances进步”．
（3） G ，考查句意，根据句意“在过去的十年左右时间里，技术的进步使得Zara、
H&M和优衣库等大众市场品牌能够更快地对趋势做出反应更准确地预测需求”，可知
要填的词为“precisely 更准确地”．
（4） I ，考查句意，根据句意“尽管他们不做广告，并且每隔几周就更新一次衣柜”，
可知要填的词为“renew 更新”．
（5） A ，考查句意，根据句意" 这些品牌以极其低廉的价格控制着时尚周期，动摇了
一个长期习惯于季节性节奏的行业．“，可知要填的词为” accustomed习惯的"．
（6） K ，考查句意，根据句意" 当然，这场革命的受害者并不局限于设计师“，可知要
填的词为” victims受害者"．
（7） E ，考查句意，根据句意" H&M要想在全球2300多家门店提供（8）95英镑的
针织迷你裙，就必须依靠低工资的海外劳动力，订购大量消耗自然资源的产品，并使
用大量有害化学物质“，可知要填的词为” drain耗费"．
（9） F ，考查句意，根据句意“尽管有几家快时尚公司努力将对劳动和环境的影响降
到最低”，可知要填的词为" minimize 最小化"．
（10） D ，考查句意，根据句意“她展示了许多可持续发展倡导者所共有的理想主义，
无论是在食品还是能源方面”，可知要填的词为" common共有的 "．
（11）J ，考查句意，根据句意“人们只有在买得起的时候才会开始更可持续地购物”，可知要填的词为" sustainably可持续地"．
Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension Section ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The networked computer is an amazing device． It is the first media machine that serves as the mode of production （you can make stuff）, means of distribution （you can upload stuff to the network）, site of （1）_______（you can download stuff and interact with it）, and place of praise and criticism （you can comment on the stuff you have downloaded or uploaded）．（2）_______ , the computer is the 21st century’s culture machine．
But for all the reasons there are to （3）_______ the computer, we must also act with
caution． This is because the networked computer has started a secret war between downloading and uploading﹣between passive consumption and active（4）_______ ﹣whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine．
All animals download, but only a few upload anything besides faces and their own bodies． Humans are （5）_______in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous（过剩的） material goods
（paintings, sculpture and architecture） and superfluous experiences
（music, literature, religion and philosophy）．（6）_______, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be
human． Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but（7）_______ to move beyond downloading is to rob oneself of a defining ingredient of humanity．
Despite the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still （8）_______ download mode, brought about by television watching． Even after the（9）_______ of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining satisfied to just （10）_______．
The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to （11）_______ the flow caused by TV viewing, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading． The computer offers the opportunity to bring about a complete（12）_______ from the culture of television and a shift from a consumption model to a production model． This is a historic opportunity． Fifty years of television dominance has given birth to an unhealthy culture． The （13）_______ is now in our collective grasp． It involves controlling our intake, or downloading, and （14）
_______our levels of activity﹣uploading．
Of course people will still download． Nobody uploads more than a tiny percentage of the culture they consume． But using the networked computer as a download﹣only device, or even a download﹣mainly device, is a（15）_______ opportunity that history affords us． Therefore, the goal must be to establish a balance between consumption and production．
（1）
A.celebration
B.conversations
C.reception
D.ceremonies
（2）
A.Without doubt
B.In return
C.In particular
D.By contrast
（3）
A.liberate
B.celebrate
C.concern
D.reject
（4）
A.request
B.support
C.defense
D.creation
（5）
A.unique
B.familiar
C.efficient
D.loyal
（6）
A.In addition
B.In fact
C.For instance
D.By the way
（7）
A.striving
paring
C.failing
D.attempting
（8）
A.optimistic about
B.unfamiliar with
C.stuck in
D.ashamed of
（9）
A.transformation
B.emergence
C.encounter
D.maintenance
（10）
A.consume
B.neglect
bine
D.innovate
（11）
A.enhance
B.quicken
C.reverse
D.extend
（12）
A.outcome
B.exposure
C.break
D.evolution
（13）
A.puzzle
B.cure
C.regret
D.favor
（14）
A.analysing
B.maintaining
C.featuring
D.increasing
（15）
A.wasted
B.treasured
C.multiplied
D.revised 【答案】
C
A
B
D
A
B
C
C
B
A
C
C
B
D
A
【考点】
社会文化
【解析】
本文是一篇社会文化类阅读，主要讲述了网络计算机的优势以及我们应该避免的缺点．【解答】
（1）C．考查名词．根据上下文内容可知，It is the first media machine that serves as
the mode of production （you can make stuff）， means of distribution （you can upload stuff to the network）， site of （1）（you can download stuff and interact with it）， and place of praise and criticism （you can comment on the stuff you have downloaded or uploaded）．句意为这是第一台用作生产方式（可以制作东西），分发方式（可以将东
西上传到网络），接收站点可以下载并与之交互的媒体机，以及赞誉场所和批评（您可
以对下载或上传的内容进行评论）．A． celebration庆祝；B． conversations对话；C． reception接待；D．ceremonies仪式．故选C．
（2）A．考查短语．根据上下文内容可知， In return， the computer is the 21st century’s culture machine．句意为作为回报，计算机是21世纪的文化机
器．A． Without doubt毫无疑问；B． In return作为回报；C． In particular尤其；D．By contrast相反．故选A．
（3）B．考查动词．根据上下文内容可知，But for all the reasons there are to （3）the computer， we must also act with caution．句意为但是出于庆祝计算机的种种原因，我
们也必须谨慎行事．A． liberate解放；B． celebrate庆祝；C． concern关注；
D． reject拒绝．故选B．
（4）D．考查动词．根据上下文内容可知，This is because the networked computer has started a secret war between downloading and uploading﹣between passive consumption and active（4）﹣whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine．句意为这是因为网络计算机在被动消费和主动创建之间已经开始了下载和
上传之间的秘密战争，其结果将以我们只能开始想象的方式塑造我们的集体未来．A． request请求；B． support支持；C．defense冒犯；D．creation标准．故选D．（5）A．考查形容词．根据上下文内容可知，Humans are （5）in their capacity to not only make tools 句意为人类具有独特的能力，他们不仅可以制造工具，还可以转身使用它们来创造多余的（过剩的）物质商品（绘画，雕塑和建筑）和多余的体验（音乐，
文学，宗教和哲学）．A． unique独一无二的；B． familiar熟悉的；C．efficient效率高的；D．loyal忠诚的．故选A．
（6）B．考查短语．根据上下文内容可知，In fact，it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human．句意为事实上，
正是这些多余的东西定义了人类文化，最终定义了人类的文化．A． In addition另外；B． In fact事实上；C． For instance例如；D． By the way顺便．故选B．
（7）C．考查动词．根据上下文内容可知， Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills， but（7）to move beyond downloading is to rob oneself of a defining ingredient of humanity．句意为下载和消费文化需要高超的技能，但是不能超越下载范
围就是抢夺人类的决定性成分．A． striving奋斗；B． comparing比较；
C． failingD．attempting试图．故选C．
（8）C．考查短语．根据上下文内容可知，Despite the possibilities of our new culture machines， most people are still （8）download mode， brought about by television watching．句意为尽管我们的新文化机器有可能，但大多数人仍停留在电视观看带来的下载模式下．A． optimistic about感到乐观；B．unfamiliar with不熟悉；C． stuck in
陷入；D． ashamed of感到羞愧．故选C．
（9）B．考查名词．根据上下文内容可知， Even after the（9）of widespread social media， a pyramid of production remains， with a small number of people uploading material， a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content， and a huge
percentage remaining satisfied to just （10）．句意为即使在广泛的社交媒体出现之后，
生产金字塔仍然存在，少数人上载材料，稍大一些的小组对内容进行评论或修改，并
且仍然有很大一部分人满足于消费．A． transformation转化；B．emergence出现；C．encounter致使；D．maintenance坚持．故选B．
（10）A．考查动词．根据上下文内容可知， Even after the（9）of widespread social media， a pyramid of production remains， with a small number of people uploading material， a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content， and a huge percentage remaining satisfied to just （10）．句意为即使在广泛的社交媒体出现之后，
生产金字塔仍然存在，少数人上载材料，稍大一些的小组对内容进行评论或修改，并
且仍然有很大一部分人满足于消费．A． consume消费；B．neglect忽视；C．combine 结合；D．innovate创新．故选A．
（11）C．考查动词．根据上下文内容可知，The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to （11）the flow caused by TV viewing， to encourage thoughtful downloading and， even more importantly， meaningful uploading．句意为联网计算机是50年来第一个机会来扭转电视收看带来的流量，鼓励进行有思想的下载，更重要的是，有意义的上传．A． enhance提高；B． quicken加快；C． reverse扭转；D． extend延伸．故选C．
（12）C．考查名词．根据上下文内容可知， The computer offers the opportunity to bring about a complete（12）from the culture of television and a shift from a consumption model to a production model．句意为计算机为彻底打破电视文化和从消费模式向生产
模式的转变提供了机会．A． outcome支出；B．exposure暴露；C．break休息；D．evolution演化．故选C．
（13）B．考查动词．根据上下文内容可知， The （13）is now in our collective grasp．句意为现在，我们共同掌握了治愈方法．它涉及控制我们的摄取或下载，并增
加我们的活动负荷水平．A． puzzle困惑；B．cure治愈；C．regret后悔；D． favor支持．故选B．
（14）D．考查动词．根据上下文内容可知， It involves controlling our intake， or downloading， and （14）our levels of activity﹣uploading．句意为现在，我们共同掌握
了治愈方法．它涉及控制我们的摄取或下载，并增加我们的活动负荷水
平．A． analysing分析；B．maintaining坚持；C．featuring形成；D．increasing增加．故选D．
（15）A．考查形容词．根据上下文内容可知，But using the networked computer as a download﹣only device， or even a download﹣mainly device， is a（15）opportunity
that history affords us．句意为但是，将网络计算机用作仅下载设备，甚至是主要下载
设备，是历史给我们带来的浪费的机会．A． wasted浪费的；B．treasured珍贵的；C． multiplied乘的；D． revised 修正的．故选A．
Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.（A）
Dame Zaha Hadid, the Iraqi﹣born British architect whose tall structures left a mark on skylines and imaginations around the world and in the process reshaped architecture for the modern age．
She was not an average designer． She liberated architectural geometry（几何）, giving it a whole new expressive identity． Geometry became, in her hands, a vehicle for unprecedented and eye﹣popping new spaces． Her buildings elevated uncertainty to an
art, conveyed in the odd ways．
Her work implying mobility, speed, freedom and uncertainty spoke to a worldview widely shared by a younger generation． "I am not European, I don’t do conventional work and I am a woman, ’’ Strikingly Ms． Hadid never allowed herself on her work to be categorized by her background or her gender． And she was one of a kind, a path breaker． In 2004, she became the first woman to win the Pritzker Prize, architecture’s Nobel．
Zaha Hadid was born in Baghdad on October 31, 1950． Then in 1972, she arrived at the architectural association in London, a center for experimental design． Her teachers included Elia Zenghelis and Rem Koolhaas．“They aroused my ambition,” she would recall, “and taught me to trust even my strangest instincts．” B y the 1980s she had established her own practice in London． And she began to draw attention with an unrealized plan in 1982﹣1983 for the Peak Club．
Her partner, Patrick Schumacher, played an instrumental and collaborative role in her career． Mr． Schumacher coined the term parametric（参数的） design to include the computer﹣based approach that helped the firm’s most weird concepts become reality． Ms． Hadid called what resulted in an organic language of architecture, based on these new tools, which allow us to combine highly complex forms into a fluid（流线的）and complete whole．
Her sources were nature, history or whatever she sought useful． When her Rosenthal Center, a relatively modest project, opened in 2003, Herbert Muschamp, the architecture crit ic declared it “the most important American building to be completed since the end of the cold war”．
“She was bigger than life, a force of nature, ” as Amale Andraos, the dean of Columbia University’s architecture school, put it, “she was a pioneer．”
She was． For women, for what cities can desire to build and for the art of architecture．
（1）What features the structures designed by Zaha Hadid？________
A.Free architectural geometry．
B.Conventional design．
C.Odd imagination．
D.Colorful patterns．．
（2）According to Paragraphs 3 and 4， which of the following statement is TRUE？
________
A.Zaha Hadid taught herself to trust instincts．
B.The plan for the Peak Club hasn’t been carried out．
C.The architect’s gender influenced her work dramatically．
D.Zaha Hadid was the first architect to win the Pritzker Prize．．
（3）How did the computer﹣based approach make a difference to Zaha Hadid’s work？
________
A.It contributes to realizing the strange ideas．
B.It simplifies the complex structure as a whole．
C.It provides new tools to translate the language．
D.It serves as an instrument to interpret the concepts．．
（4）The purpose of the passage is to________．
A.present Zaha Hadid’s life experience
B.praise Zaha Hadid’s inspiration and diligence
pare Zaha Hadi d’s works in different times
D.show Zaha Hadid’s great contributions to architecture
．
【答案】
A
B
A
D
【考点】
故事类阅读
记叙文阅读
【解析】
文章介绍著名的建筑师扎哈•哈迪德夫人的建筑风格和对世界建筑的贡献．
【解答】
（1）A．细节理解题．根据文章第二段的句子 She liberated architectural geometry（几何）， giving it a whole new expressive identity．可知，扎哈哈迪德设计的结构特点是自
由建筑几何．故选A．
（2）B．细节理解题．根据文章第四段的句子And she began to draw attention with an unrealized plan in 1982﹣1983 for the Peak Club．可知，山顶俱乐部的计划还没有执行．故选B．
（3）A．细节理解题．根据文章第五段的句子 Mr． Schumacher coined the term parametric（参数的） design to include the computer﹣based approach that helped the firm’s most weird concepts become reality．可知，基于计算机的方法使扎哈•哈迪德的工作与众不同，有助于实现这些奇怪的想法．故选A．
（4）D．写作意图题．根据文章第一段的句子 Dame Zaha Hadid， the Iraqi﹣born British architect whose tall structures left a mark on skylines and imaginations around the world and in the process reshaped architecture for the modern age．扎哈•哈迪德夫人，
出生于伊拉克的英国建筑师，其高大的建筑在世界各地的天际线和想象中留下了印记，并在这一过程中重塑了现代建筑．可知，展示扎哈•哈迪德对建筑的伟大贡献．故选D．
2020 SAN FRANCISCO
WRITERS CONFERENCE
17th Celebration of Craft, Commerce & Community
February 13﹣16, 2020 at the Hyatt Regency San Francisco
Speakers: *Walter Mosley*Jonathan Maberry*Brooke Warner
Plus authors, editors, publishers & literary agents from New York, L．A． & S．F． Bay Area
Visit www．SFWriters．org to get event/contest/scholarship details, access online registration for the free SFWC Newsletter．
Considerable Early Discounts and Special Room Rates!
2019 SAN FRANCISCO
WRITING FOR CHANGE
A one﹣day conference for all writers who want to change the world through their writing． September 14th at the Unitarian Center Details and registration:
www．SFWritingforChange．org
SFWC/San Francisco Writers Foundation is a nonprofit organization
Behind the Scenes of a Writing Conference
When you attend a writing conference, you see a ________ that took months or longer to make up． Plenty is going on behind the scenes．Let’s take a loo k behind the curtain．
The day starts long before attendees walk through the door． Registration is set up, signs posted and tables arranged． Logistics （后勤） all fall on the conference organizers． For example, the annual conference I direct in San Francisco （see the poster above） is a simple one﹣day conference that takes more than eight months to put together and around 15 staff and volunteers to manage． Larger multi﹣day conferences have even more going
on behind the scenes．
Overseeing it all is the conference director, a conductor who typically works with committee directors to make sure everything runs smoothly． Over the course of the conference, staffers make sure everything stays on track．It’s not unusual for staff to walk miles in a day and go without meals．
Conference staff and volunteers are always behind the curtains making sure your experience is perfect． The next time you attend a well﹣run writing conference, take a moment to thank staff and volunteers for their devotion． They deserve all the praise they can get because without them, there would be no conference．
（1）The underlined word facade refers to________．
A.the effort behind the scenes
B.the scenes visible to the public
C.the literary masterpiece on display
D.the material distributed at the meeting．
（2）What’s the latest time to start to arrange for the one﹣day conference in San Francisco？________
A.July， 2019．
B. March， 209．
C. September， 2019．
D. January， 2019．．
（3）According to the writer， the attendees of the 2020 San Francisco Writers Conference should praise the________．
A.three speakers
B. authors and editors
C. staff and volunteers
D. corporate sponsors．
【答案】
B
C
C
【考点】
广告布告类阅读
应用文阅读
【解析】
文章介绍2020年旧金山作家大会的安排和一些幕后工作．
【解答】
（1）B．词义猜测题．根据划线词下文的句子Plenty is going on behind the scenes．可知，上文是幕前的工作．故选B．
（2）C．细节理解题．根据文章的2019 SAN FRANCISCO WRITING FOR CHANGE A one﹣day conference for all writers who want to change the world through their writing．September 14th at the Unitarian Center Details and registration上次安排在旧金
山举行为期一天的会议的时间是2019年9月．故选C．
（3）C．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段的句子The next time you attend a well﹣run writing conference， take a moment to thank staff and volunteers for their devotion．可知，2020年旧金山作家大会的与会者应该赞扬工作人员和志愿者．故选C．
Each year, backed up by a growing anti﹣consumerist movement, people are using the holiday season to call on us all to shop less．
Driven by concerns about resource exhaustion, over recent years environmentalists have increasingly turned their sights on our “consumer culture”． Groups such as The Story of Stuff and Buy Nothing New Day are growing as a movement that increasingly blames all our ills on our desire to shop．
We clearly have a growing resource problem． The produces we make, buy, and use are often linked to the destruction of our waterways, biodiversity, climate and the land on which millions of people live． But to blame these issues on Christmas shoppers is misguided, and puts us in the old trap of blaming individuals for what is a systematic problem．
While we complain about environmental destruction over Christmas, environmentalists often forget what the holiday season actually means for many people． For most, Christmas isn’t an add﹣on to an already heavy shopping year． In fact, it is likely the only time of
year many have the opportunity to spend on friends and family, or even just to buy the necessities needed for modern life．
This is particularly, true for Boxing Day, often the target of the strongest derision（嘲弄）by anti﹣consumerists． While we may laugh at the queues in front of the shops, for many, those sales provide the one chance to buy items they’ve needed all year． As Leigh Phillips argues, “this is one of the few times of the year that people can even hope to afford such ‘luxuries’, the Christmas presents their kids are asking for, or just an appliance that works．”
Indeed, the richest 7% of people are responsible for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions． This becomes particularly harmful when you take into account that those shopping on Boxing Day are only a small part of our consumption “problem” anyway． Why are environmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignoring such people as Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who has his own￡1.5bn yacht with a missile defence system?
Anyway, anti﹣consumerism has become a movement of wealthy people talking down to the working class about their life choices, while ignoring the real cause of our environmental problems． It is no wonder one is changing their behaviours﹣or that environmental destruction continues without any reduction in intensity．
（1）It is indicated in the 1st paragraph that during the holiday season， many consumers________．
A.ignore resource problems
B.are fascinated with presents
C.are encouraged to spend less
D.show great interest in the movement．．
（2）It can be inferred from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the environmentalist
movement________．
A.has targeted the wrong persons
B.has achieved its intended purposes
C.has taken environment﹣friendly measures
D.has benefited both consumers and producers．
（3）The example of Roman Abramovich is used to show environmentalists’________．
A.madness about life choices
B.discontent with rich lifestyle
C.ignorance about the real cause
D.disrespect for holiday shoppers．
（4）It can be concluded from the text that telling people not to shop at Christmas
is________．
A.anything less than a responsibility
B. nothing more than a bias
C. indicative of environmental awareness
D. unacceptable to ordinary people．
【答案】
C
A
C
B
【考点】
社会文化类阅读
议论文阅读
【解析】
本文介绍环保主义者鼓励人们在假期的时候少花钱购物，作者认为实际上对环境造成影响的是那些富有的人，不是普通人．
【解答】
（1）C．细节理解题．根据文章第一段的句子 people are using the holiday season to call on us all to shop less．可知，第一段指出，在假日期间，鼓励许多消费者减少开支．故选C．
（2）A．细节理解题．根据文章第三段的句子But to blame these issues on Christmas shoppers is misguided， and puts us in the old trap of blaming individuals for what is a systematic problem．可知，从第2和第3段可以推断，环境保护主义运动针对的是错误的人．故选A．
（3）C．细节理解题．根据文章倒数第二段的句子 Why are environmentalists attacking
these individuals， while ignoring such people as Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich可知，阿布拉莫维奇的例子被用来表明环保主义者对真正的原因的无知．故选C．
（4）B．细节理解题．根据文章第四段的句子While we complain about environmental destruction over Christmas， environmentalists often forget what the holiday season actually means for many people．可知，从课文中可以得出结论，告诉人们圣诞节不要购物不过是一种偏见．故选B．
Section CDirections： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A．Regrettably， that point has not yet come．
B．Elephant numbers started falling．
C．The existence of even a small legal market increases the opportunities for illegal trade．D．They point out that they have devoted huge resources to the elephant．
E．In the long run technology can help make trade coexist with conservation．
F．One animal， as so often in the past， will attract much of the attention： the African elephant．
The Ban on Trading Ivory（象牙） is Unfair but Necessary
As in some countries elephant population have recovered， there are competing proposals about how absolute the ban on elephant trading should be． Countries seeking a modest relaxation have a strong case to make． But it is not strong enough． The ban must stay．Understandably， countries that have done a good job protecting their elephants feel this is unfair．（1）________And the real burden of all this is borne by poor local people who are in competition with wildlife for resources， and sometimes in conflict with it﹣elephants can be destructive． People and governments， so the argument goes， need to have an economic stake（利害关系）in the elephants’ survival． The ivory trade would give them one．
To understand why these reasonable﹣sounding proposals should be rejected， consider what has happened to elephant numbers since some legal trade was authorised， when Botswana， Namibia and South Africa were allowed in 2007 to sell a fixed amount of ivory to Japan．（2）________A survey conducted in 2014﹣15 estimated that elephant numbers had fallen by 30% across 18 countries since 2007．
（3）________ In better﹣resourced national parks， drones are used to make it easier for park keepers to spot illegal hunters． DNA testing of ivory can identify where they came from， and thus whether they are legal． As prices of the technologies fall and countries get richer， both technologies are likely to spread．
The objection to trade in products of endangered species is not moral． When the world is confident that it will boost elephant numbers rather than wipe them out， the ivory trade should be encouraged．（4）________ And until it does， the best hope for the elephant﹣and even more endangered species， such as rhinos（犀牛）﹣lies not in easing the ban on trading their products， but in enforcing it better．
【答案】
D,B,E,A
【考点】
说明文七选五
【解析】
本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了象牙贸易禁令是不公平但。