pronounⅰ ppt课件
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Lesson 8 Pronoun (Ⅰ)
General Introduction
• pronoun is a group of words replacing the noun or
playing the role of noun words, noun phrases, clauses or sentences.
“It” refers to a object or thing that have been mentioned.
(1) I like swimming. It keeps me healthy. (2) I bought a book yesterday. It is very
interesting. “It” can refer to a baby:
9 o’ clock train.
(3) We asked the teacher to explain the
difficult sentences again.
• It can be the object—the objective case
of the personal pronoun is usually the object of a sentence.
Him
they
She Her
it
it
you them
The position of personal pronouns
• Personal pronoun usually appears after
the noun it refers to. E.g. : Tom is a five-year-old boy. He likes reading and swimming. (He refers to Tom)
② It was her best dress that Mary lent to me. (emphasize the object)
③ It was in the cave that they found the little boy. (emphasize the adverbial of place)
⑵ Formal object
① I found it happy to stay with him. (to stay with him is the real object)
② I think it’s a pity that you didn’t come. (that you didn’t come is the real object)
and their inflected forms
Number
singular
plural
Person
nominative objective nominative objective
First person
I
mⅠ e
we
Us
Second
You you
you
person
Third person He
谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。
(2) He is most powerful who governs himself. 能克制自己的人是最有力量的人。
(3) He is rich enough who has true friends. 有朋友的人是富翁。
• The third person singular neutral.
• The first person singular (1) The light is bad. I can’t see clearly. (2) Compared to my friends, I work harder. • The first person plural (1) We need some more apples. (2) Let’s go home, shall we? (3) We should keep calm even we are in danger. • The second person (1) Are you ready, Tom? (single) (2) You two must arrive on time. (plural) (3) You never know what may happen. (general)
③ Do you think it useless trying to persuade him? (trying to persuade him is the real object)
⑶ Emphasize the structure
① It was John who broke the window. (emphasize the subject)
人称代词、物主代词、自身代词变化表
人称
第一 人称 第二 人称
第 三 人 称
数
单数 复数 单数 复数
单 数 复数
主格 (人称 代词)
I we you you he she it
they
宾格 (人称 代词)
me us you you him her it
them
形容词性 名词性物 物主代词 主代词
my our your your his her it
When the personal pronoun is used as an individual component, it is usually in the form of the objective case.
(1) Me, too. (2) Will anyone go with me?
(1) I saw him in the street. (2) If you see Mary, give her my regards. (3) Are you for it or against it? (4) Please give it to them. • It can be the predicative —when the
• It can be the subject—the nominative
case of the personal pronoun is usually the subject of a sentence.
(1) I am interested in playing tennis. (2) She said she would be setting off on the
It’s a lovely baby. Is it a boy?
“It” can refer to a person on the phone:
Who is it?
• The third person plural (1) Where are the glasses?
They are on the shelf. (2) They say that honest is the best policy.
④ It was yesterday that I met one of my old friends. (emphasize the adverbial of time)
tyours his hers its
theirs
自身代词
myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself
herself itself
themselves
ⅠPersonal Pronoun
• personal pronoun indicates personal category,
Not me.
• It can be the appositive(同位语). (1) We teachers should be patient with
students. (we equals to teachers)
(2) The teacher asked you boys to be quiet.
4. The usages of “it” as the
anticipatory
The anticipatory doesn’t have meaning, just used to play a leading role:
⑴ Formal subject (形式主语) ① It’s no use trying to do that. (trying to do that is the real subject) ② It’s a waste of time your talking to her. (talking to her is the real subject) ③ Is it difficult to learn English? (to learn English is the real subject) ④ It’s not important whether he comes or not. (whether he comes or not is the real subject)
• According to the grammatical function, it can be divided
into nine categories: Personal Pronoun(人称代词) Possessive Pronoun(物主代词) Reflexive Pronoun(反身代词) Demonstrative Pronoun(指示代词) Interrogative Pronoun(疑问代词) Relative Pronoun(关系代词) Reciprocal Pronoun(相互代词) Indefinite Pronoun(不定代词)
• Personal pronouns can not only refer to
people, but also object. The person, number and gender of personal pronoun are decided by the noun it refers to, and the case of personal pronoun is decided by the position it occupies in a sentence. When it is the subject, it uses the form of nominative case, and when it is the object, it uses the form of objective case.
• The third person singular positive
E.g.： Where is John? He is in the garden.
• In some proverbs, “he” refers to a
general person. (1) He who laughs last laughs best.
人们说诚实是上策。(general people)
主格 nominative case
I you he she
it we you they
宾格 objective case
me you him her
it us you them
Functions of personal pronouns in
the sentence
• Personal pronoun can also appear before
the noun it refers to. E.g. : Though he didn’t know it, Jack was in danger.
The referring role of personal pronoun
personal pronoun is the predicative of a sentence, it usually uses the form of the objective case.
e.g. If I were her, I would take the advice.
• It can be the individual component.
General Introduction
• pronoun is a group of words replacing the noun or
playing the role of noun words, noun phrases, clauses or sentences.
“It” refers to a object or thing that have been mentioned.
(1) I like swimming. It keeps me healthy. (2) I bought a book yesterday. It is very
interesting. “It” can refer to a baby:
9 o’ clock train.
(3) We asked the teacher to explain the
difficult sentences again.
• It can be the object—the objective case
of the personal pronoun is usually the object of a sentence.
Him
they
She Her
it
it
you them
The position of personal pronouns
• Personal pronoun usually appears after
the noun it refers to. E.g. : Tom is a five-year-old boy. He likes reading and swimming. (He refers to Tom)
② It was her best dress that Mary lent to me. (emphasize the object)
③ It was in the cave that they found the little boy. (emphasize the adverbial of place)
⑵ Formal object
① I found it happy to stay with him. (to stay with him is the real object)
② I think it’s a pity that you didn’t come. (that you didn’t come is the real object)
and their inflected forms
Number
singular
plural
Person
nominative objective nominative objective
First person
I
mⅠ e
we
Us
Second
You you
you
person
Third person He
谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。
(2) He is most powerful who governs himself. 能克制自己的人是最有力量的人。
(3) He is rich enough who has true friends. 有朋友的人是富翁。
• The third person singular neutral.
• The first person singular (1) The light is bad. I can’t see clearly. (2) Compared to my friends, I work harder. • The first person plural (1) We need some more apples. (2) Let’s go home, shall we? (3) We should keep calm even we are in danger. • The second person (1) Are you ready, Tom? (single) (2) You two must arrive on time. (plural) (3) You never know what may happen. (general)
③ Do you think it useless trying to persuade him? (trying to persuade him is the real object)
⑶ Emphasize the structure
① It was John who broke the window. (emphasize the subject)
人称代词、物主代词、自身代词变化表
人称
第一 人称 第二 人称
第 三 人 称
数
单数 复数 单数 复数
单 数 复数
主格 (人称 代词)
I we you you he she it
they
宾格 (人称 代词)
me us you you him her it
them
形容词性 名词性物 物主代词 主代词
my our your your his her it
When the personal pronoun is used as an individual component, it is usually in the form of the objective case.
(1) Me, too. (2) Will anyone go with me?
(1) I saw him in the street. (2) If you see Mary, give her my regards. (3) Are you for it or against it? (4) Please give it to them. • It can be the predicative —when the
• It can be the subject—the nominative
case of the personal pronoun is usually the subject of a sentence.
(1) I am interested in playing tennis. (2) She said she would be setting off on the
It’s a lovely baby. Is it a boy?
“It” can refer to a person on the phone:
Who is it?
• The third person plural (1) Where are the glasses?
They are on the shelf. (2) They say that honest is the best policy.
④ It was yesterday that I met one of my old friends. (emphasize the adverbial of time)
tyours his hers its
theirs
自身代词
myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself
herself itself
themselves
ⅠPersonal Pronoun
• personal pronoun indicates personal category,
Not me.
• It can be the appositive(同位语). (1) We teachers should be patient with
students. (we equals to teachers)
(2) The teacher asked you boys to be quiet.
4. The usages of “it” as the
anticipatory
The anticipatory doesn’t have meaning, just used to play a leading role:
⑴ Formal subject (形式主语) ① It’s no use trying to do that. (trying to do that is the real subject) ② It’s a waste of time your talking to her. (talking to her is the real subject) ③ Is it difficult to learn English? (to learn English is the real subject) ④ It’s not important whether he comes or not. (whether he comes or not is the real subject)
• According to the grammatical function, it can be divided
into nine categories: Personal Pronoun(人称代词) Possessive Pronoun(物主代词) Reflexive Pronoun(反身代词) Demonstrative Pronoun(指示代词) Interrogative Pronoun(疑问代词) Relative Pronoun(关系代词) Reciprocal Pronoun(相互代词) Indefinite Pronoun(不定代词)
• Personal pronouns can not only refer to
people, but also object. The person, number and gender of personal pronoun are decided by the noun it refers to, and the case of personal pronoun is decided by the position it occupies in a sentence. When it is the subject, it uses the form of nominative case, and when it is the object, it uses the form of objective case.
• The third person singular positive
E.g.： Where is John? He is in the garden.
• In some proverbs, “he” refers to a
general person. (1) He who laughs last laughs best.
人们说诚实是上策。(general people)
主格 nominative case
I you he she
it we you they
宾格 objective case
me you him her
it us you them
Functions of personal pronouns in
the sentence
• Personal pronoun can also appear before
the noun it refers to. E.g. : Though he didn’t know it, Jack was in danger.
The referring role of personal pronoun
personal pronoun is the predicative of a sentence, it usually uses the form of the objective case.
e.g. If I were her, I would take the advice.
• It can be the individual component.