商务英语翻译4被动语态,从句,长难句ppt课件

•可加主语
It is asserted that 有人主张 It is believed that 有人相信 It is generally considered that 大家认为 it is well known that 众所周知 It is generally agreed that 人们普遍认为 It is widely misunderstood 人们普遍存在误解 It has become increasingly understood that 人们越来越清楚地认识到
1.2.译成汉语语的主动句
汉语中的“是…的”结构可以表示被动态。
The computer program was designed by nonprofessional programmer. 这个程序是非专业程序设计员设计的。 The financial information provided by an accounting system is needed by managerial decision makers to help them plan and control the activities of the economic entity. 会计系统提供的金融信息对于帮助管理层决策人 员制定计划和控制该经济实体的活动而言是不可 或缺的。
通过对比可以看出：英文翻译成中文 时，中文中很少使用被动语态; 英语中含有被 动语态的句子在汉语翻译过程中要变成主动 句，这样才能符合汉语译文的习惯。 英语被动语态通常用于以下5种情况： 主语不明或不必提及 Rice is chiefly grown in the south. 为特殊目的强调动作实施 The song was composed by a worker.
为文体需要避免结构转换造成的衔接不当 He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 用于礼貌与修辞的被动态 It is generally considered not advisable to act that way.
2.1.2译成汉语的“把…，由…， 为…, 让…”
The new theory has now been adopted by many scientists who are searching for life in outer space. 这一新理论已为许多寻找外层空间生命的科学家所采纳。 Every country will be represented by its prime minister. 各国都由其总理代表。 Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed on to me? 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢？ The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. … 那家有名的旅馆几乎让一场大火毁灭。
第九章 被动语态的翻译 Chapter Nine Passive Voice
in English- Chinese Translation
英语的一个显著特点是广泛使用被动 语态，在科技文章中尤为如此。
以下面一段英语文章为例，在14个谓语动词 中，13个使用的是被动语态。 As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig（钻塔）” is assembled（装配）. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick （油井的铁架塔）”. It is used to lift sections of pipe,
1.3. 原文中的主语在译文中作宾语
They were attended from morning urses and secretaries. 从早到晚，都有妻子，护士，秘书这样的女帮手服 侍他们。 I was truly dumbfounded（惊呆的） by this deep fury that possessed her whenever she looked at me. 她一见我就这么气势汹汹，真把我惊呆了。
Comparison between the English Version and the Chinese Version of the paragraph:
As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. 由于石油深埋地下，靠研究地面，不能确定石油的有无。 Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. 因此，对地下岩层结构必须进行地质勘探。 If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig（钻塔）” is assembled. 如果认为某地区的岩层含石油，则在该处安装钻机。 The most obvious part of drilling rig is called “a derrick（油井 的铁架塔）”. 钻机中最显眼的部件叫井架。
2. 英语被动句译成汉语的被动句
将英语的被动句译成汉语的被动句，这一 类句子都是着重被动的动作，他们大体分为 两类：一类是不带表示被动意义的标记，另 一类带表示被动意义的标记。 常见表示被动意义的标记词有：被，由， 给，把，让，受，为，遭，所，获，使，加 以，予以，蒙 等，翻译时可酌情选择。
2.1.译成汉语带有表示被动意义的标记词
2.1.3 汉语习惯表达: “为……所……, 加以……,予 以……, 蒙……” 等，属于书面语, 具有文学色彩。 The thatched house was destroyed by the autumn wind. 茅屋为秋风所破。 She is intoxicated with sweet words. 她 为花言巧语所陶醉。 The question will be discussed in the next chapter. 这个问题将在下一章加以讨论。 The problem must be dealt with at the appropriate time. 这个问题必须在适当的时候予以处理。
2.1.1译成汉语的 “被…….，给……，受……， 遭……” 例如：
The company was enjoined from(禁止使用） using false advertising. 这家公司被禁止使用虚假广告。 Pure oxygen must be given to patients in certain circumstances. 在特定情况下必须给病人输纯氧。 Last year the region was visited by the worst drought in 100 years. 去年该地区遭受了100年来最严重的旱灾。 Those who performed deeds of merit will be rewarded. 立功的人将受到奖励。
1.4.常用被动句型的翻译
句型： It（形式主语）+谓语+ that从句 在译文中常译为主动形式，有时不加主语，有时加上不定的主语，如“有 人”,“人们”，“大家，”“ 我们”等。
不加主语
It is hoped that… 希望…… It is supposed that … 据推测…… It is reported that… 据报道…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸张地说…… It has been identified that… 已经确认……
不必提及动作实施者 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
1.英语的被动句译成汉语的主动句
将英语的被动句译成汉语的主动句主要有四 种方法：
1.1. 原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语，但 不表示被动意义。
Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought. 语言由人的思想形成，并影响人的思想。 Levi’s jeans were first introduced to(引进到） the East, apparently, during the dude-ranch craze（农场度假热潮） in the 1930s. 李维的牛仔裤最初引进到东部显然是在20世纪 30年代的农场度假热潮中。
接上文
which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled(钻孔）, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.
2.1.4 译成“是…的”
Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky. 彩虹是在阳光透过天空中的小水滴时形成的。 The first explosive in the world was made and used in china. 世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的。 The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872. 美国的学分制是一八七二年在哈佛大学首先采用的。
It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. 井架用来吊升分节油管，把油管放入由钻头打出的 孔中。 As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. 当孔钻成时，放入钢管防止孔壁坍塌。 If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves. 如果发现石油，则在油管顶部紧固地加盖，使石油 通过一系列阀门流出。